uk – recent counter pollution r&d activities
DESCRIPTION
UK – Recent counter pollution R&D activities. CPR Research Projects. Currently - 9 research projects running All collaborative – unusual in MCA Approx £670,000 worth of funding Feed into or back up NCP philosophy Support operational requirements. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
UK – Recent counter pollution UK – Recent counter pollution R&D activitiesR&D activities
CPR Research ProjectsCPR Research Projects
Currently - 9 research projects Currently - 9 research projects runningrunning
All collaborative – unusual in MCAAll collaborative – unusual in MCA Approx £670,000 worth of fundingApprox £670,000 worth of funding Feed into or back up NCP Feed into or back up NCP
philosophyphilosophy Support operational requirementsSupport operational requirements
ObjectivesObjectives
Move “far from market” project Move “far from market” project areasareas
Target stakeholder beneficiariesTarget stakeholder beneficiaries Fair stakeholder funding Fair stakeholder funding Reduce financial burden on MCAReduce financial burden on MCA
Limiting viscosity project Limiting viscosity project
Controversial issueControversial issue Innovative approachInnovative approach 4 stakeholders4 stakeholders
Responder, regulator, industry, MMSResponder, regulator, industry, MMS
Contributions in kindContributions in kind Limited funding availableLimited funding available
OutcomesOutcomes
sea temperature of 15ºCsea temperature of 15ºC oil viscosities of 2,000 cP (IFO-180)oil viscosities of 2,000 cP (IFO-180) 7,000 cP (IFO-380) 7,000 cP (IFO-380) waves associated with wind speeds waves associated with wind speeds
of between 7 and 14 knotsof between 7 and 14 knots
Ecological effects of Ecological effects of dispersant usedispersant use
Primary UK response methodPrimary UK response method Controversial, often disputedControversial, often disputed Operator/regulators/industry fundingOperator/regulators/industry funding Will feed into Defra reviewWill feed into Defra review Competent contractorCompetent contractor Benefits – All stakeholders involved Benefits – All stakeholders involved
and agreedand agreed
Consequences of not Consequences of not doingdoing
MCA open to MCA open to challenge on challenge on dispersant dispersant philosophy philosophy (happens anyway)(happens anyway)
Limited data to Limited data to demonstrate demonstrate benefitsbenefits
Resource mapping projectResource mapping project
Update 1990 paper based maps Update 1990 paper based maps and produce new digitised mapsand produce new digitised maps
10 stakeholders – public/private10 stakeholders – public/private Challenging project managementChallenging project management Essential stakeholder involvementEssential stakeholder involvement Question of contractor Question of contractor
competencecompetence
OutcomesOutcomes
Highlighted the need for Highlighted the need for government wide standards of data government wide standards of data collection, storage, etccollection, storage, etc
MAGIC website is maintained / MAGIC website is maintained / regularly updated by Defraregularly updated by Defra
We can add new data – places of We can add new data – places of refuge?refuge?
www.magic.gov.ukwww.magic.gov.uk
ECE monitoringECE monitoring Anglo / French joint opsAnglo / French joint ops Qu of phosphate impact on Qu of phosphate impact on
ecosystemecosystem Deliberate release or recover – cost?!Deliberate release or recover – cost?! Defra / MCA – collaboration / fundingDefra / MCA – collaboration / funding PML / Soton Uni – 2 discrete projectsPML / Soton Uni – 2 discrete projects Outcome – no real impact – OK to Outcome – no real impact – OK to
releaserelease
Wreck siteWreck site
Project outputsProject outputs
Project evaluationProject evaluation Marine Information NoteMarine Information Note Project Report – on MCA siteProject Report – on MCA site Greater benefits through Greater benefits through
collaboration with OGD’s and collaboration with OGD’s and IndustryIndustry
New projectsNew projects
Waste management Waste management (potential showstopper)(potential showstopper)
– Not mainstream MCA work areaNot mainstream MCA work area– But successfully pulling stakeholders But successfully pulling stakeholders
togethertogether– Overall benefits to UK plcOverall benefits to UK plc
Potentially polluting shipwrecksPotentially polluting shipwrecks Surface cleaner efficacySurface cleaner efficacy
New projects 06/07New projects 06/07
Design of large scale waste Design of large scale waste treatment planttreatment plant
Techniques for dealing with Techniques for dealing with submerged and sunken oilsubmerged and sunken oil
HNS Risk assessmentHNS Risk assessment
Potentially polluting wrecksPotentially polluting wrecks To identify locations and identity all To identify locations and identity all
potentially polluting wrecks in UK waters.potentially polluting wrecks in UK waters. Establish methodology to best calculate Establish methodology to best calculate
quantities and types of pollutants are quantities and types of pollutants are present on each wreck type.present on each wreck type.
Agree best format for database structure – Agree best format for database structure – including how best to categorise including how best to categorise information.information.
To provide a clear, well structured and To provide a clear, well structured and searchable, dynamic GIS based database searchable, dynamic GIS based database creating a knowledge platform which will creating a knowledge platform which will readily facilitate risk assessment exercises readily facilitate risk assessment exercises for all UK waters and coastline.for all UK waters and coastline.
Evaluation of surface Evaluation of surface cleanerscleaners
To develop robust protocol in electronic format for To develop robust protocol in electronic format for cleaning hard rock surface and man made cleaning hard rock surface and man made structure using a range of cleaning techniquesstructure using a range of cleaning techniques
Development of a decision making tool to aid the Development of a decision making tool to aid the identification of appropriate, fit for purpose identification of appropriate, fit for purpose techniques for a range of oil and emulsion types techniques for a range of oil and emulsion types over a range of hard substrates. To produce a over a range of hard substrates. To produce a guidance manual for shoreline clean-up operatives guidance manual for shoreline clean-up operatives describing best practice for cleaning hard coast describing best practice for cleaning hard coast structures.structures.
To develop a robust guide for developing To develop a robust guide for developing environmental impact assessments for each environmental impact assessments for each cleaning technique, to include primary cleaning technique, to include primary methodology for mitigating environmental damage. methodology for mitigating environmental damage.
Design of large scale waste Design of large scale waste treatment planttreatment plant
To design a treatment plant capable of dealing To design a treatment plant capable of dealing with thousands of tonnes oily waste.with thousands of tonnes oily waste.
To determine best technology and specific To determine best technology and specific machinery for each element of the operation machinery for each element of the operation taking into account a range of waste types.taking into account a range of waste types.
Critically appraise relative costings for each Critically appraise relative costings for each available processavailable process
Identify sourcing of appropriate equipmentIdentify sourcing of appropriate equipment To establish relationships between process To establish relationships between process
treatment technology and nature of material to treatment technology and nature of material to be processed. Water content, sand and gravel, be processed. Water content, sand and gravel, fines, large foreign debrisfines, large foreign debris
To establish criteria for siting of waste process To establish criteria for siting of waste process plant - logistics, to the satifaction of all UK plant - logistics, to the satifaction of all UK environmental regulators.environmental regulators.
To determine plant footprint requirements.To determine plant footprint requirements.
Techniques for dealing with Techniques for dealing with submerged and sunken oilsubmerged and sunken oil
To identify parameters and their To identify parameters and their significance essential to develop realistic significance essential to develop realistic modelling of partially submerged and modelling of partially submerged and sunken VHFO’s in seawater.sunken VHFO’s in seawater.
Develop a methodology to incorporate Develop a methodology to incorporate such algorithms into existing modelling such algorithms into existing modelling capability.capability.
To determine appropriate and realistic oil To determine appropriate and realistic oil recovery techniques for submerged and recovery techniques for submerged and sunken oils.sunken oils.
HNS Risk assessmentHNS Risk assessment
To identify the highest risk HNS for the To identify the highest risk HNS for the UK PCZ and determine priorities for UK PCZ and determine priorities for modelling and practical work. modelling and practical work.
To determine the fate and effects of To determine the fate and effects of higher risk HNS in the marine higher risk HNS in the marine environment.environment.
Produce a guidance document, easily Produce a guidance document, easily searchable for prediction of fate and searchable for prediction of fate and effects of generic higher risk HNS.effects of generic higher risk HNS.
MIMAC – BRUGGES
OCTOBER 2006
Very Heavy Fuel OilsVery Heavy Fuel OilsRisk analysis of their transport in UK Risk analysis of their transport in UK
waterswaters
Kevin Colcomb, UK Maritime and Kevin Colcomb, UK Maritime and Coastguard AgencyCoastguard Agency
What are VHFOs?What are VHFOs? Not an industry standard definitionNot an industry standard definition Purposely used term to distinguish Purposely used term to distinguish
heavier fuel oils from lighter fuelsheavier fuel oils from lighter fuels Defined as FOs of 380cSt or higher at Defined as FOs of 380cSt or higher at
50°C50°C Transported VHFO includes:Transported VHFO includes:
– Cargoes of Residual Fuel OilCargoes of Residual Fuel Oil– Bunkers of IFO380, IFO500, IFO700Bunkers of IFO380, IFO500, IFO700
Production of VHFOsProduction of VHFOs VHFO cargoes are RFO from refineriesVHFO cargoes are RFO from refineries Almost all RFO can be categorised as Almost all RFO can be categorised as
VHFOVHFO Examples are Examples are ErikaErika (555cSt at 50°C) (555cSt at 50°C)
and and PrestigePrestige (615cSt at 50°C) (615cSt at 50°C) VHFO bunkers produced by blending VHFO bunkers produced by blending
RFO with lighter oil productsRFO with lighter oil products VHFO bunkers used by ships with VHFO bunkers used by ships with
slower enginesslower engines
Properties of VHFO in Properties of VHFO in seawaterseawater
Initial viscosity increases to 20,000 – Initial viscosity increases to 20,000 – 50,000 cSt or almost solid50,000 cSt or almost solid
Remain in thick layer, fragmenting Remain in thick layer, fragmenting after a few daysafter a few days
May sink, drop below waves or float May sink, drop below waves or float below surfacebelow surface
Do not respond to dispersantsDo not respond to dispersants Can be difficult to recover even by Can be difficult to recover even by
mechanical meansmechanical means
VHFO Traffic in the UKPCZVHFO Traffic in the UKPCZ No direct No direct
information from information from commercial sourcescommercial sources
Statistical data Statistical data sources:sources:– EUROSTATEUROSTAT– IEAIEA– UK GovernmentUK Government– Etc.Etc.
UK production and consumption of RFO (DTI, UK production and consumption of RFO (DTI, 2003)2003)
-2,022
-867
-6,385
394
-1,540
11,517
-10,000-5,00005,00010,00015,000
Thousand tonnes of RFO
PRODUCTION
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
INTERNATIONAL MARINEBUNKERS
REFINEY USE
OTHER USES
NW Europe Production and Consumption (EUROSTAT, NW Europe Production and Consumption (EUROSTAT, 2002)2002)
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
BE DK FR DE IR NL NO UK
Th
ou
san
d t
on
nes
Production Imports
Exports International Marine Bunkers
Domestic Supply
RFO imports to Netherlands RFO imports to Netherlands ’93-’05’93-’05
(IEA, 2003 and EUROSTAT, 2005)(IEA, 2003 and EUROSTAT, 2005)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Year
Th
ou
sa
nd
To
nn
es
Seaborne Russian Fuel oil Exports
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
tho
usa
nd
to
nn
es
Black Sea
Baltic Sea
RFO exports from Russia RFO exports from Russia (Poten and Partners, 2005)(Poten and Partners, 2005)
Major transfers of VHFO cargoes through Major transfers of VHFO cargoes through UKPCZUKPCZ
From Quantity (thousands of
tonnes)
To
Russian Federation 16,811 Non W. European Destinations Russian Federation 3,916 Netherlands Estonia 2,167 Netherlands Germany 1,621 United States United Kingdom 1,540 United Kingdom Russian Federation 1,283 France France 1,258 United Kingdom United Kingdom 1,169 Italy United Kingdom 949 Spain Belgium 875 United States United Kingdom 812 United States Italy 762 United Kingdom Russian Federation 638 Spain Netherlands 634 United States Sweden 628 United Kingdom Netherlands 536 United Kingdom
BunkersBunkers Very difficult to determine accurate information for Very difficult to determine accurate information for
IFO380+ bunkers:IFO380+ bunkers:– Cannot determine from statisticsCannot determine from statistics– Blending to grade may occur at point of saleBlending to grade may occur at point of sale– Estimation techniques inaccurate (e.g. vessels > 20,000 Estimation techniques inaccurate (e.g. vessels > 20,000
DWT tonnes)DWT tonnes) In 2002, 27 million tonnes of RFO sold for In 2002, 27 million tonnes of RFO sold for
‘international marine bunkers’ in NW Europe and ‘international marine bunkers’ in NW Europe and Baltic (EUROSTAT, 2003) but does not includeBaltic (EUROSTAT, 2003) but does not include– RussiaRussia– Domestic trafficDomestic traffic– Vessels not bunkering in NW EuropeVessels not bunkering in NW Europe
‘‘International marine bunkers’ data is also a International marine bunkers’ data is also a confusing term and may be misreported in confusing term and may be misreported in statistics statistics
Is it possible to estimate Is it possible to estimate bunkers?bunkers?
2004 Dover Strait vessel traffic data supplied, including:2004 Dover Strait vessel traffic data supplied, including:– Vessel classVessel class– Vessel deadweight tonnageVessel deadweight tonnage
Typical bunker tank size data obtained for each classTypical bunker tank size data obtained for each class Assume tanks on average half fullAssume tanks on average half full Assume vessels >20,000 DWT tonnes carry IFO380+Assume vessels >20,000 DWT tonnes carry IFO380+ Bunkers passing through Dover Strait in 2004 = 30 Bunkers passing through Dover Strait in 2004 = 30
million tonnesmillion tonnes Value seems high compared with other estimates, Value seems high compared with other estimates,
perhaps because tanks not always filled when perhaps because tanks not always filled when bunkeringbunkering
Also does not include non-Dover Strait vessels in UKPCZAlso does not include non-Dover Strait vessels in UKPCZ Bunker volume results inconclusive: probably Bunker volume results inconclusive: probably
between 20 and 30 million tonnes in UKPCZbetween 20 and 30 million tonnes in UKPCZ For routeing plots, 30 million tonnes in UKPCZ usedFor routeing plots, 30 million tonnes in UKPCZ used
Trends – BP Review of World Energy Trends – BP Review of World Energy 20042004
Global Demand for RFO
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Bunkers
Inland demand
Trends in UKPCZTrends in UKPCZ VHFO Cargoes almost doubled in volume VHFO Cargoes almost doubled in volume
between 1998 and 2003:between 1998 and 2003:
1998 1998 26 million tonnes26 million tonnes
20032003 50 million tonnes50 million tonnes Imports to Netherlands increased from 8 million Imports to Netherlands increased from 8 million
tonnes to 16 million tonnes (1998 to 2003).tonnes to 16 million tonnes (1998 to 2003). Russian RFO traffic thro’ Baltic Sea increased Russian RFO traffic thro’ Baltic Sea increased
from 12.5 million tonnes to 27.5 million tonnesfrom 12.5 million tonnes to 27.5 million tonnes Estimate that bunkers increased from 23 million Estimate that bunkers increased from 23 million
tonnes to 30 million tonnes but no accurate tonnes to 30 million tonnes but no accurate datadata
VHFO bunkers and cargoes VHFO bunkers and cargoes routeingrouteing
Annual tonnage
40,000,000 to 50,000,00030,000,000 to 40,000,00020,000,000 to 30,000,00010,000,000 to 20,000,000
5,000,000 to 10,000,0002,000,000 to 5,000,0001,000,000 to 2,000,000
0 to 1,000,000
LegendUK Pollution Control Zone
Thank you for listeningThank you for listening
That’s the sharp end - not so sharp as it used to be of course.
Questions?
