n 6 n q ~ m a 1 u d d d a a u ~ d W W R.H. l858 (Pact of Plombihres, 1858)

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u d d d i i nRn iG~~n~v i~danuC~~ua r tuuouh 3 so 4ousn ws:'aniuo~wst~5iil?n~a&

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Onu ouiiJri?unifli R . J R T I ~ ~ ~ o61uo01~m"au ua:$od 3 0nuou6o:k'~soun~o~ C

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of Parma and Modena - Duchy ~ ~ i u n ~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ o i ~ : ~ ~ Duke dnmso;r) L L W I ' T ~ R ~ ~ ~ I ~ I

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o n a i m i u u l i l u ~ a ~ i i ~ l i l u i t i a ~ u ~ r u u ~ ~ ~ i u i s ~ u ~ ~ ~ d 6 a u b v l ? u m O i l r ~flu!d

165o dd~"aud 3 % ~ ~ ~ i ~ m ~ ~ a i u ~ ~ u 1 i l 1 u ~ o s n i ~ ~ 7 8 ~ a i G " ~ o ~ ~ m i ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ i i ! i i ~ ~ o u

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n o r d w~:u~unaoui~o~na~uiuid~ns::ivi~d~rnau~unaiu~~ulelu~~.i~malsvo~wan

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6 w a 4 uid?g?l@uow m u ~ i a o i m i ~ n ~ ~ m i ~ n ~ o ~ d b i i m u " u b w a i r ~ a i u ~ a u i a 8 ~ i l i n d ~ ~ i ~ a w

h r b ~ u d s t ~ a ~ i ~ 1 l u i n n 3 r m i u n i ~ ~ m " ~ o d d ~ d i a finis!n'ibniu~~ua::aiaaou6

s:iiJuniaau~id~omna9d~"auuui n . ~ . 1815

I u ~ u n . ~ . 1858 n a l u ~ u ~ ' 0 6 ~ 3 ~ ~ i i d d t d b ~ ~ b b a r ~ m u o u 6 a ~ ~ n ~ u ~ a n f i a ~ i n

n i s a i ~ s : b ~ m u o s ~ ~ o n ~ 3 a i a ~ m i b ~ u ~ 8 d ~ibmubdgn oo$g (Felix Orsini) d.3.$doc t % ugnsw3~1 ddbz uu6 3 w=iruba?troni~ (Eugenic) udndnaaws~od6n~d~o~~u

d U P i'um3iuluuor:ny mnniu12iiuuinr~uuat~uniuaaiunu2 naiuflo~n'3unni~ni3~a 2 d ~ ~ n u u r u o i ~ u i u ~ i d f J b ~ 1 n ~ ~ ~ l i ? d o e i i d ~ u b b a d 6 d f l i 1 $ M " d w a r b ~ i ? n ~ m ~ ~ LOUUI~,LOR

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n i ~ ~ i l s i l i o d i ~ ~ ~ ~ n a i ~ ~ u q m u ~ ~ 1 3 ~ ~ i i d ~ ~ d b ~ ~ ~ b b ~ : ~ i a ' r d ~ ~idRUj6ild Wia8o 91 ~ ~ n r

a PQ ~ i a u . s n u o ~ n i s d ~ u ~ m ~ ~ n ~ n i n i ~ ~ i b b ~ t d a o u d ~ b u 3 " ~ s n i s o ~ b w n s t n i i ~

~-j,mu~ol3u~~a:~<iw@9ln~fia6 ~ a b i i o u ~ n ~ i n ~ RR. 1859 n ~ n i ~ q j ~ i d ~ b n ~ m n ~ d ,

a: ~ s i ? u a i o i f i n a i u b ~ ~ ~ u ^ a ~ ~ ~ i ~ d ~ ~ b ~ u w i ~ n i ~ o Bn 2 ~ 6 s d o

uii~1.iiufi~nl6upa"ia6au~~u~~~~i6~uld~ijuu~uuou6o:~~~~unisn.unau~u'a-

~ ~ ~ i k v i d n ~ t d i ~ ~ (Treaty of Paris, 1856) ~ l ~ r c b ~ ~ l ~ A p . t , u $ O m n R d ' b u n.R. 1815

~ u h u ~ ~ ~ u ? f u 8 m i i i ~uiiKu~ilunis3o~&nis~man~b.a9~0~3"~b.iiu d~uojnc(wtuuu'

n ~ i u l d ~ i ~ i a ~ a l u ~ ~ u f i d LQ uuorb6 8561.6 \~dulu~iaunR'ul$naiu bduk$imig d? w

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1.4 k n i ~ t s u 6 ~dmi6no~nir3~~~~l~~bbn:~muoumuau'bu~~ua~fi 2 uvi~d

uirauml (Magenta) L L R Z ~ ~ R L ~ Q ? ~ % (Solferino) L~~:~uw?rl~oAbm~uo 0 n ~ 1 l n ~ ad

aouuifii ~uau:6o ia f l i lGoo~~~m3uf i~u~w~nu~ub~~ uoninniiu~idiuia$uo:~$i A d LY uid~u~wIAo U ~ L U O ~ J P R U Jd~iiuuf! 3 Oo:~d~uuu~uuiu6~o:~inaiu~u~waaui~

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d d rmiudifui l u i u i rrnrnkniu a~gndrrniauu'uldo:~iuclric adriryryiuci~ w e d ~nn i~T~n i r i luna iuc tun~~uuoe i i~d~uo~n iaa~ a d r ~ u i i n i ~ ~ m n i . r 8 ~ ~ - 1 ' b ~ o o a ~ m ~ ~

I

( ~nuwiun i tc j l l nnso .~3"~ra~a6~o~ 'b6~ i~ i~oo~rmiu ) ~sirilu~ui8nuo~~uiWi(5?g

mi^ n i i a i ~ ~ ~ i a o n a i n h u v c i t n i ~ usikakdkr~a ~ ~ I ~ L L R ~ V R I L I L L ~ J ' ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~

nisnsuwuo~uldriou# 3 ~ o n a n n i ~ ~ a u ? l m i " R ~ n a : ~ u n a i u ~ n 6 i u a i ~ ~ o u a a :

ra3Quu

ni3d.r:rOuwku~~itn%ai5Qou8mi6 lu n.n. I 859 b.Iurrs~~ulfluni3 Y d d timwain . s i a l m i d u u ~ ~ ~ a i u ~ n ~ i ~ i i , u u g n r i ~ r u i n ~ u m ~ m n $ u g n n ~ ~ ~ ~ e i o n a i u ~ a " ~

(1?~u~uuiudl~rnuo~u~dr8ou# 3 ' b u ~ : ~ i i ~ n i ~ ~ u ~ u ~ ~ ~ r m " a ~ n $ u a i d i i , u u c l n i ~

n$ u l u B m i l n a i ~ m i l ~ ~ ~ n i ~ u " u ~ d d~i~n.ro~un.n~onaiurf ld mt wanruilai o i a

clqm&16 ua:!Juoulvinaiub~cla?lu n.R. 1849 6o~~nd;3oo ~ u ~ i ? n ~ ~ i ? a a i -

didnif l i~~.sia8pl iduuEi~~id brlauidclinu an i f i ~?qmu~ry~n ia l l ~ :~u~d i f u i

IuGui nknifiunrl3uiury (Romagna) ~ ~ ~ f l l ~ 7 1 ~ ~ n ~ d ~ ~ ~ f i ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ n ~ d n ' ~ ~ I Y u n c 6o~ni.ilSw'vl.r:r<i?nrmoi ~ouuq~ro~~ilunwm.souodmu lurloufvainu n.R. 1859

d ,. Y Jd~'luu6 3 f i ~ u u i a ~ u ~ ~ ~ w a n a i 5 i i , ~ u ~ m i i ~ n rrndudouunnnudl~uu n i ia f

~r~~ucii~~clria~nsuclir~uiu~6nn~u~~~la'~d~a:u"~uan8mi6nai~16niadnna~d

r?iuan'u I u r ~ ~ ~ d ~ u i d d ~ 6 u ~ 6 3 n a ~ f l i ' ~ ~ o ~ n n ~ l c l d ~ u o d v r ~ u t o Uma~ouei L:

mrn.r~.raudifuiu~rlu?iui ~aun~rmiuRouuil usiriiornunkniii (Tuscany) Ao df~r~ao:6o~l&na'ud'11 (Nioe) uarqiaoa (Savoy) ~ilunismouunu ni?a%guuou

miud o u 1 ~ r ~ ~ i ~ r ~ u ~ i ~ ~ n i ~ 4 i ~ i l ~ k ~ i u n i ~ . i S m # ~ ~ i a o i m i . i S n ~ ~ m i " n r ~ i i o d ~ ~ i l u

LElnnlW ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ l 8 ~ ~ ~ n ~ l d ~ d ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d b ~ ~ d 3 t ~ l ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ n ~ ~ w ' 4. u n r~o3aumanudnuouimaoiai~n3~~1~ ~~rfim~ulnu.rauiqcilp~ on\?urxu~fianii

L : u u mnurv$o uouuifa (Marches) ~~atqucu%.~ (Umbria) nun r~~aumd id imoun~ i~

naoim$nnu~?Jn8u.daCj (Sicily) ni~moul6 rrdu~rmu~aign~au&tfioimi bum

t un3inu n.R. 1861 iqani~~i~iini~3:~un'un3dbban~ubt 0 9 ~ 5 (Turin) findb~$o 8 d u ad 6 - A 1 r d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ u ~ f i u u ~ : n ~ ~ b 3 ~ ~ b r i i u u n u ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 g n a a u ~ 3 i u i luiud 6 u ^ q ~ u u n1aa-i a3

u U d 1v6o u ~ i i l o i n n i s s l s i n ~ i i ~ i u v l u n n n ~ u r i o ~ n . s ~ u ~ u d a ~ d ~ 1 6 ~ d ~ n i i a i u n i . r . j a u

~ubff~un3nginu n.R. 1861 oollhl ~ Q u <aulsd (Otto von>Bismarck) 16 d d bauomwnuibelu (Baden memorandilm) ~ao~ni~i3o~nUtb~~a:niasauaau~uoauG bui

~ram;lC~u:ii~wn: ~ai i~l3niwluyT3dn~i~ t~~:ybadm:a'uo~n~n~i in iua~bmuni~~~iu a u adds. d # d ~4 huodn~ufiua'bumsou~nmrn n J i a ~ a u o ~ ~ n ~ ~ u i ~ i j m a 0 ~ 1 ~ n 1 3 d n ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 u Q n " d ~ ~ m

d ~ o : ~ i ~ a ~ m u c i i u n i ~ o r d n . r d ~ ~ ~ u ~ a m u u o ~ ~ u o s u i i ~ ~ ~ u m ~ J ~ L I ? R L Q U L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ' I . ~ I

riauooa~m5~orGoa~n uunoan1d1maii18uud~du~~illu (Inn) ~ d o n i . i ~ ~ r r ~ u f i o ~

ddauiiniironiauinln ud~ t r i i ~ v i n im imn i~~uo~ ru i r~uo i~ rwn:nis:?ulidrfluu

uIuuiuuo~~~ar+urra:ruo~uii, Inueioriio~G.uiluram WJ 27 3 d a u i m 6 r i l u v d ~ l w ~ ~ ~ ~ w i S ~ l w ~ i qmvn~d-i:%~i~niruosuirrra:r~ui2- - .a u s ~ d ~ ~ d q m n u w ~ u o ~ ~ a n ~ o ~ u u u u ~ ~ i u i o r ~ o ~ o i y ~ ~ q q 47 3 ni i id- i r~~lni3ni

6iunisrCodriou aridiao~oind~:aunia&iau I o ?I 6iuni3~nun~ruo~Gurra:yIad 8:

ruiii~nunr:ru'u~?mrruu~~ia ii(nloddaulw?rra:iirari~iff~~mlonu -i?unJn?iu

r~uuavaur~a:n?iu$~!oi r r r i 2 r r j ~ r f i~ : r f in ' lum~:~ar~ iuo~i~u rrri WI~XUIR~

ruofgu r r a t r i u ~ ~ ~ ~ u n a t i ~ n u ~ ~ a i a a ~ ~ ~ r i u ~ ~ a r ~ i u (Hohenzollern) Zu R.R.

1847 b ~ u i i n l 6 ~ i l ~ ~ u i ) n n ~ ~ ~ J l l ~ 9 ~ b l 7 c b b ~ ~ d ~ s l l 1 % e ~ (Prussian Diet) !ULUO%U~

nirio6iuu'or~uo~nodi~uo~w~nra~~uurra:ii~orlu~~u~iu:w~ndfiiiiuid~~'b~~u

dauiiniii~Q~vqlni-iti'Lu n.R. 1848 a a r w o I o d m i ~ r i ~ a i ~ a l * 1 3 ~ ~ r ~ i i i o ~ ~ 1 a ~

n u ~ ~ n i ~ i u ~ m u o ~ m ~ i w r r o i ~ ~ n zu n.R. I 850 r l l ln j?a~o~~ad~:bua6uodda"a~~u

uiniqn 'lu~iut~rrnudia~%ud-i:~iania~W"u6~ ~ ~ a i ~ n ~ : ~ u u f m i a a ~ n i d n i s g n

B ~ n i o : r m w a o r d o i u d i a w r i ~ o ' n ~ u ~ - ~ r a ~ i u ~ lu R.R. 1862 t u dauiin

r~0jiPbbuu7urii~d-i:rnmuo~dYa~Bu6o~d 2 ~FSnni3 60 r i l~~~~dnf ia3Cu~j~~~marra t 8: a

?ar%ud-i:ni-i~ds rrw:n~~d-i:wo~Biuiouur~muimn'uooarm4u R ~ I ~ G ~ L M F ~ I U R T O ~ ~ I

ub~uiuZu.d.asrr-in.rrosn7-ia"E1di r r ~ r i ~

~~idur-inun~fiauiin Wo n i ~ ~ u u w ~ n r a ~ ~ u a r ~ u ~ ~ i ~ u i n Z u a n i ~ r ~ n u m ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' l % r ~ i ~ o ~ ~ ~ t d u ? a ~ r i l u t ? a i i i ~ 4 ?I ~ ~ d ~ r ~ u ~ ~ r ~ u ~ ~ ~ ? i u ~ ~ ~ m ~ r 6 1 : ~ m d - i : 1 7 ~ 6 A

d~rri?~rriuo.sni ruoanir dfirmrio:unuiunis~n"uniB~du Yguiaficislni-irfiuniB

0s

YQJS:Y O U L ~ ~ U U U U U ? ~ ~ ~ I ~ U ~ ~ B L T U L W ~ I L L ~ ~ W ~ I S B L L ~ C ~ ? ~ D ~ ~ U ~ ~ DRUI~R d " d

wieun~rar~ i in n p ~ n ~ ~ w a i : r u ~ ~ ~ m : u o ~ ~ a ~ Q u u ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ n i n j ~ a o a u d i k s u d n 6 d d c4 niaviimiudiks ~~a:auin~~nuian?anno'bqn~uon~ R.R. 1866 ~ I~RL~UF I~LQLL~JWB

d9rviiniudiui~00a1niu ~ u ~ ~ ~ : i ~ u a n " u ~ ~ i f i ~ ~ u ~ m a i n ~ i s n i a ~ ~ ~ d on~aviiniu

6ai?unia'b%nafi ~mvCa~~aii~aui~uw'~~uoaCun"u~muuia"n~ufi~ai~rii iinduaniri

~~gPiaa~a~?n ~~a:TaaaImG~ a: a . d d

fi~aiun~nsansmaa ' n ~ ~ i i a ~ a L ? n n a 6 a u ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ g P i s n o u m o u m . ~ . I 852 a. E 6 ~~a:nnaau~u"7n"uoimi~nauosn~ae~~~~u1a"n ~~~iibana'bm~~:eJ'sms~3uaui~n.uos

d u a. X * a ituiwiraiq~uo~uir ~aynuoua~~krluma"uuuiZn'bu n.R. 1863 iioniabi~~Csni?uhm

d iinQIu.naliakn'~muuia"n u~:nian~nuuiin6osniaeruan~~ma"ua~aa4n 4hiida:ain-i

- - a a 2' aia~nuuiinqiuauuin lu~louwq&iniuu R.n. I863 nunau~auuiannuwa:?ruS

uarrdiaiumiab~uu~~gPisn~Ra'uaa"fl~ (Prince Christian of Gllicksburg) ~ f h @ u % ~ a u - d t GaKsn' wa:os6wuiuiu~d~ ~ ~ n i f y ~ ~ w ~ ~ ~ i d u n a a n s a o s ~ ~ ~ i ~ u n i a w u a n a ~ a ~ 4 n

nima:~iib"rio2G~~nniaio6iu~in~niuosmiw'u~a'~ ~uoaCu di7 u ~ a ~ i i a u ~ $ u ~ o u

aia~uoauiilua~a~'innismou'b6~~6os~n-iaa1~~in"u~nuui~n~~a:~uoa~~os~ry~Bu 3

~ u b a i i u ~u"~m:b6uan"u~~iaiu~~~bmo~n~bgPisoon"~~mu~~abn (Frederick of Augus- w - 6 10

tenberg) 4r~i~~~nfluuaaanbmuuisn n~wa:oa6ua:aniauiW"u~,~~soauiIrimu

unuiuau^h<~qjin~m o m mir ~~B~uZ~aCuquwa:os6~~n:~4i$~smai~n"'u

~auuia"n

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~iluwicaijm-iiaunivii~snmu 'bd1~1flRuiwir~~LuoaCun"sf9um ~ ~ i ~ G u i i 8 i d ? a ~ t u

~ - i : m w a ~ i ~ i ~ i l u n i a ~ " i wsma7un"'u~mu~iinI~ m.n. I 864 oegiI~?~~uoaCuiu ~ i iu

maiu~i lur jJ iuosdi~~~u~~a:daub~~u~f i~a5~B Oauii~4itdu$~siauion'uooa~m~u I V d ~w-iiroo~~miu!rj0uuou~Gdia~4uli~irunia~rpl~~auaa~rni k!riwiouA-a:riiniri

J~RLO~?L~ f i s f i ~ u i $ m ~ ~ u i i ~ ~ ~ n ~ J ~ ~ l l ~ l ~ d % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ O ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ f i ~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ d

o ~ v 9 i ~ G 8 d o s n ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ s n " u o o a ~ m ~ u n i u a ~ s m i u ~ a ~ i ~ ~ " ~ i 6 0 s n i a Bauia"~ ?u~$s

ooarmiu~$iI~uZrnuuiin lnu h~d~dni~!u~iulu-Carrnu"uotauiGua?~~uosGu a:

muuiinuiiuuGdi~aamrTa luriiouqainu n.n. 1864 n ~ ~ i u d s t r n n a ~ u i u l u ~ u ? adnb

$ ~ ~ i a v i a r f j ouui (Ireaty of Vienna) nm3urmuuiinnm~ari?w?"u od w3r o~n'rnGo

C~$rri~ar~a5n~~~r6a~~1mlbaGrrrin~m3eJ"d?a~6~rrwr~nn.swa.rmrrvi~o oa~m4ull ni36is a: d' Bnho~auiwicaiq~raruo~bda~mo3n~nrCur;ibo ncurw.iitd?~rQur$urrd~ mui3n

CUM Gm166a umuros dcl , v i i f l u o j u ~ i d i ~ r ~ n 3 d.ir~nnnunonisriiniu~;inni.iqadiuir~rarnaiu

iauGouci~yl~d #d$rw~i:$d 5 u n i d i u 1 ~ ~ i l u ~ ~ d u i u ~ u a ~ ^ s ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ d t l ~ u m o u ~ u h:

R.R. 1852 ~ a u n ~ ~ m u u i i n ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ r m u 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ u u a n a r ~ u ~ d t r w ~ i m i 3 n ~ r ~ 1 i " u o d d ? ~ -

r$urrarsoarm"sedu~dQiu~~d3rr~nr~n 7 ~io~uouun~urrmu4drilun3riiriwin.rc~iia

d3r~nnIG a6td 3 u~id iu ion ' ra~ohur r inn~ufd1~1~~6mou 91 lu&nqwa$aoim a:

w i u r u ~ u r ~ i u ~ ~ ~ " u i ~ ~ ~ i n d ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ i ~ ~ u i n ~ n ~ o ~ u (Queen n -

victoria) n a ~ n m r i ~ u u m " s a u ~ l h ~ ~ i u 1 ~ ~ ~ u 6 a u < u n i ~ d ~ u m n i ~ ~ m 7 siawclkrna

~ u n i u l d r~uui! 3 ro~ i in r r~ in is r i i n iuna iu iau~or~ i~~ lad~do 5 %iow~cii$rdo d s wsto~n'$iiau<u0nuoudun~~ab~uGooabm4o rum4 n.w. I 8 6 4 , ~ ~ i u & < ~ ~ 3 t M i i d

t c l & r n a ~ n r l a n " r ~ u a ~ ~ n .iaun~w~:o~6~rw%qKuni~riohuniuluds:mn riu $dt~ud n.n. 1861 d f ~ r n a 6 o ~ d ~ r ~ ~ u n a i u u i n d l . u i n ~ u d ~ u ~ n i ~ n i ~ n v i ~ ~ ~ r ~ n ~ ~ n

ad ad n e C1

~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ i ~ l ~ ? n ~ l ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ k f i ~ i ~ ~ n b b ~ n V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (Archduke Maxirnilian) wsro~.+ai adnb uo~~n~w. r~Wd3iuB~ ~srad, a c i ~ n o a r m 4 u ~ ~ d ~ ~ i n ~ ~ B q w ~ r a ~ n ~ G i u ~ i rr~fd~nwaau

u

rrinQIn12 nj~uIuu2unaitu 'uI~~rguud 3 i~!fio~!u~iueds:nn~u~"d o a ~ r m 4 o LLR:

d?iN.$~!$ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ Q U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ L W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R U C U R ~ ~ ? ~ ~ $ U

~ u n i s d ~ ~ u n u ~ a i a ~ d o a u 6 ~ ~ o 6 i u n i ~ d n n ~ o d u o t ? a ~ $ u ~duni30mwsuumuuo~

d?ar$a ! f i~~~ ia~da i !~~r~ i~d . r iuda iu"110d?a~~u~ iuw~ur~~uu i~bd~r~u6 aiio~R'n-

aiurnoi6 2 iilnouanuy~qmuo~fiauiin ~drvii<ud~uiin!6iib~unifeiid 7 Fi?u

n i . r r ~ ? o u n i ~ o e i i ~ ~ o u n ~ ~ ~ a t ~ i u i y ~ ~

~daod~"II$~ndnnsod~mud?~r~urra:oo~rm~isa oy$yqiuvidnia~mu' (Con-

vention of Gastein) 8daduiu~ulur~ou~d~inu n.n. 1865 diPtr.iiuY6u'uhinRRin h: w dad

~ra;lrooarm?uY6u9vi~laaa1mu' rrriou~nmuoswsaosna~ua~flunaiu7~1~m.aoeriau<u

dou Iua6bil(i (Helmut von Moltke) kar6atuf%6dau Zl.4 (Albrecht von Roon) b~uiud

iinianni~~u~uniaaidbbwu.~i1dn~i85n'9~oo~bm"sbd onaiu b~~Mdd110dd~Ib~~'b'tb

L L I O ~ Q U U ' J I O ~ M I V ~ J ~ L ~ R " ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ~ I ~ ~ ~ E R ~ U ~ I ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ L B U L ~ U J ~ ~ E ~ I J [ ~ M ~ U rdnnu ~ ~ G i i i l : d n a i u w u i u i u ~ i ~ n i ~ ~ m kaqhdlu n.n. 1065 bra: 1866 i inrh

~mro~aio~d~~uu~doinw~ufimw l ~ i i ~ ~ l m d o r ~ ~ m & d i ~ ~ ~ w i n n ~ a b ~ u ~ o a n ~ m + " s u

lub6iouriquiuu n.R. 1866 u ~ d ~ i u u d 3 mna~<uoorb~~uiiws:od6ilraidmubdu

n a i ~ u a r w u i u i u l ~ ? i w i i ~ ~ u n n i ~ 6 a ~ 1 &~oo~~&u6oi0~8~~iii~~6o~unbabu~~uld 6 0 n i r n u ~ & ~ ~ n n u !riiiwnuo~~~nnr~~3"1uoej1~\3n"miu u~driioufi 3 ns~ rn~ ln5~

i i ~ ~ ~ n ~ i u ~ ~ a o ~ i i ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ f l u u < ' t b ~ ~ ~ z n i ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ u i a u i u d d f ~ ~ ~ k m u i ~ n ~ ~ i ~ ~ w a n

~rr~~uaiu:w'~m~uaa:~?unio~wadarber~d~inn"~da'~~~u~~a:oon~m~a" 91 6 ~ ~ ~ w n i s rr d ' d f :b~~~a l8~ b u ' ~ b b ~ J ~ l d n l f ~ ~ l f . ~ 0 9 d a " ~ b ~ ~ ~ ~ l b i i ~ Y b P 1

l ~ b # JU%~~IUN n.R. 1866 d ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ d d ~ ~ \ ~ ~ i ? ~ u ' ~ b ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ b l l R ~ l w ' ~ ~ ~ M "

~ ~ ~ s ~ ~ ~ f m n a ~ o e ~ n u n ~ ~ n a a u n " ~ ~ ~ i w " u n i ~ ~ u o a s ~ ' u 6 a u di~~da~~uolCin~a~f ion$d

~halruo.ruiniluni3 kcbwirbd n i : ~ i ~ s r n l ~ ~ l ~ i 1 ~ 5 m o oa~miu ~~atluurnuv od

oompi3uoon\d oo~~m~umo9~b~diamisn~ia~id~~~~ui1n:~0mn"~~u~8~~ii7uuu1

bb~~€ly8~tlJlTll%!sld L L R E L ? U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R U ~ R ~ ~ J ~ ' ~ ~ ~ S U L U ~ " ~ M U C I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ' R L B U b:

o oa~m~u!6~unif~~u1yuoin 9 iq$dnund udun o f (Hanover) ~ranIaQ (Saxony) 1 uibnu (Baden) Uar ulalfiu (Bavaria) d~I~ausd~w%~~~l~unodw'wdnaz~rnnaroiu

uoti;~uofuitmziumn B~di~~~urnrr+xni1 o ~ n i \ r i l r i ~ n ~ s ~ a ~ i i i ~ d n " u no~fwlvlnJ - ' a d - d uadoo~bm?uo~~u~oubu~bdu (Bohemia) kwnuliu~u~uoaun 14 zquiuu n.R. I866

IU~~JL~RIL~~~J 3 8 d ~ l G EIQRLAL~ blar$unjimaiidat W E ~ R ~ ~ B J ~ I U L L ~ ' n l f f ~&&bb~ ln

dY d u d {n~finuuuloaun 3 nanplnu d~flodailnai (Sadowa) ~+onaQnnnnd (Kbnigghtz)

~ d n o ~ n i r l ~ ~ u o ~ o o ~ ~ n " a u ~ ~ m n ~ i u usiluulun~saniciini88d~~~w'uninan'udiw~~u d U F I 4 n~udiqarisinaw~m~on~ua~inknaaai (custoua) aatnndviwiso8nianw~uuw'

r i o o o a t ~ u d q n n n i a ~ a (Battle of Lissa) ~ a i u ~ j i u ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ m i 8 ~ i ~ $ ~ w u i a " ~

Fnnjaa a a : u d d : u u ~ a u i ~ n ~ ~ n i a ~ l w ~ n n u o e i i ~ a a m 5 ? r i o u n d ~ ~ n n u

o:uuiugaoanld n i~ns~- i iua id iu ioQu~ ot~$1unmua~11~:6un4od wadstlua6

~ d u ~ ' ~ a u b ~ ~ d ~ o ~ ~ ~ j o u w ' u 6 o o a ~ ~ m " a e r e i o u ~ ~ u n i a ~ n - i i

Zu~Aauk~ninu n.H. 1866 dwuiindul$wa:~~i?a~8uu~ i uouatw3:uiu

lui@tyuviddnn (Treaty of Prague) <uoawbm"al] ~~LYIRIUISO~~IM~~ Aoului6od - A niaflo nisu'uon~~oisuoonoinn~ua'~buoasJ'u'~ n ~ a i ~ ~ i g s r ~ u ~ ~ u a ~ i ~ b u ~ a u u a ~ o ~ u

ni~moub~bouodbbi~~~~~u (Main) l u u m r ~ n ~ u i g n i ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ i a ~ o ~ o e l i ~ ~ war d k q u d lfidnnso~a~aw?nua:~~aalm6 budouhniia~a~ino:6a~nKufl~a$~muuiin6au

nia~;ldaraiuii t rui in Wbn ul~inia~~da:aiui~o~a!~&~laiY'~bfimwa ~~a:~ooauil

~ i u ~ a o n a o u n a n ~ ~ u u e , u i a u ~ o u f i ~ n . ~ . 1 91 9 oo~~m"auo:~i~id^Bn%'buniad iau

iaulu~uoauQBn luuorr~lnanic o a ~ ~ n " a u l 6 d i j ~ i i m i u ~ ~ ~ i l u n i 5 ~ l n ~ a ~ u ~ f i ul$

d11b8uud 3 n ~ u d m u ~ n ~ ~ i ! i < u d t ~ ~ ~ ~ i7uu~db8uun~daau1oni~dfl1b~ijou~

lnrj ~ n d slun~ariououra~u~Giuriolvl~nii ~~riaiaiislilnKu~~n~m~flodlsluni~aau

~oniwnkd iwa1:oei1sh~l3n186l6ieio~ U ~ ~ ~ F ! ~ ~ ~ L A Y W ~ ~ ~ L $ ~ U R : ~ ~ R L Q U ~ ~ I J M I ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ p l i ~ i r i r y ~ i a i o : u n ~ a ~ u ~ f i e r I ~ ~ ~ r i ~ m i ~

t w u ~ i n I ~ ~ n i t d n i ~ i u a n i l ~ niaCmnlani.tAuonriluuueroi?nd<un~u

uo~no~niudiw~5!u ~ ~ o n o u J 1 ~ ~ ~ o ~ d ~ i d ~ a ~ n ~ ~ i ~ f l i ~ ~ u a ~ [ ? b~linuiu$dnidn~a

~~~fl:nl1b~iiod [(JR~ IUOORLW%J - d j f l b 5 ! ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ d 5 l ~ ~ f l 1 ~ ~ d ~ d b ~ ~ ~

d o d P n ~ ~ d i ~ 1 ~ b b f l : ~ ~ d b ~ l ] ~ d 3 L ~ Q U L ~ ? ~ L ~ ~ ~ T R ~ B ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i n 1 a d u w ~ i ~ 1 1 a ~ a e u o u d ' a : Cnaa5aid 2 (Second Empire) u o ; l d ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ d n i ~ $ i u i u i n u u ndrii~Kaiani oriCna

6-a a ~ m 1 ~ ~ ~ G o ~ a u ~ a ~ 6 ~ 1 l t l r % o l u u ~ t d n i a a a u 6 a o e i 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a m n inoudr:auwa uoneind

&o:fli~Aftm.r:uounai%d~~u~ (Dual Monarchy) ~od~naaaa600~bsl~~ - 5sn1:

(Austro - Hungarian Empire) lu n.R. 1867 inalii;rd~fin$u~auldsliud~~uiin a: 2

9Yasnia~~wu

78 HI 456

\

Franco - Prussian War) z m s ~ ~ e i r i ouniaasuiu

usr i~~uosui tn i t l

d t ~ ~ a t ~ i u ' o e i o a o ~ $ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ ~ u f ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ 9 ~ f t o ~ f l 6 ~ a ~ a o ~ 0 G a u i ~ k - 6 i w a t o ~ 6 a i ~ u o ~

iu&auruord?arlo ni JG L ~ ~ D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ " U ~ J I U ~ U L L ~ U ~ ~ J L ~ ~ R ~ Y ' ~ ~ ~ U L L ~ ~ I ~ ~ U I 91 q

~U?~RVIJ$L~~J~~U$ (Mainz) f i ~ ~ ~ 5 n m ~ ~ o d s e I i u a n ~ m 4 o ~ ~ u o u " l u ~ ' u ~ 9 9 LL~L 'UI

a'naaulG~~no'naaia~ndk~~Bia~ni9a65ut~'tbd bu~u~nnl (Count Vincente Benedetti)

~ ~ ~ i ~ o ~ n u o o r i i ~ ~ 3 u n 1 p n i a . ~ i ' b ~ w a e ~ ~ i 5 a ~ ~ ~ u ~ 1 uanilmu'mnuo~odirb~ouuin

~~ardia~lun"~9mwuu'o~~uoib"$rnm~mau~~ uId~ '~uu$ 3 Ujij4o~auouuu~6iuarYu

l ~ ~ d ~ t ~ ~ 1 a ~ u a r 1 ~ u a ~ 6 u u ~ ~ a r ~ r ~ ~ ~ u r 6 i n Kaaunia~M*uaouuotda'a~4u Bauiin L L U ~ ~ I

~~burubnm~b~~u~oabu06auaiu~oud~6~n6n~aia~me~~tb~abot nibfiuuiil isunak

$4 n.R. 1870 L~EINJ~SIU~&LR[I -'di~~4~1n6s:~:~0m6PaLui~rdiCuoon~ju~1bwu

~ w i I u ~ ~ ~ a r d ~ n ~ i r a u n ' u n i a f i i I ~ i ~ ~ n ~ a ~ ~ a r ~ua~iuuFnfio61u J ~ L R R

n ~ ~ u i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u u u ~ u ~ t d ~ u i i n ~ j ~ ~ m e c a ~ ~ a i r a i a e ~ ~ t ~ ~ a ~ ~ u ~ i n i a ~ i LLYIYO~

o o wbnWhiImai L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ P ~ I U L L W Y ~ J O J ~ ~ ~ L ~ U Ibrd L$ uu4 3 GI LLR~JMI

nianmrrnun'ywdr:Iua6$dQ~bBu16Qu ~ ~ R ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ I ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ' E ~ ~ ~ I % J $ ~ L M A ~ ( L U

~rinQIn lu<Biu:tu~ubriimiuv~n~~diui'i) n i f a m ~ a o 6 d n i i a b i l u d o ~ r u b ~ ~ ~ u W A

~ia:~ilu~~uanitA~odfiu~n'u adlunk'tbzkuulviuot 1u~uu?u6~iluoit (Realpolitik)

I l i i i~~~dq:mmvi~Rdniavm bauuonoins:I~fii~d UIIJLQUU~ 3 4t~a:wniu i~u

n m ~ n a u a a ~ 6 u ~ ~ a a ~ u d u u i u d i ~ d a : b n ~ n ~ i u b ~ u n u & i ~ ~ 1 1 a : f i u o ~ q ~ a d b i 7 u

Cfiue~~uu~ri i r i a u ~ a u i ~ n l s i l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ a d i u i s ~ ~ u u d d ~ ~ o u d 3 ~nu1fils51vp

d i u i ~ o i s a n ~ a u ~ ~ ~ a ~ n i a ~ s a ~ 1 m ~ n ~ a g m ~ ~ ~ u ~ n i a ~ 5 ~ i & d ~ ~ ~ o n i i ioCu-61

d d ~ t u u d 3 fn~aimafii~uS1UUdiu6

0auiint~u$d~amCnfi~na,u~~luo5~ ~ ~ s : ~ n i u u n i n l i n i u d k ~ ~ a n ~ : a a u i ~ w d 6s b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n l t ! . LaJonJb~~~n.inplnu n.R. 1867 ~ a J i h I i ? z L ~ ~ ~ u ' u b M h (North German

CC( Y

Confederation) ? W I ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ Q N & Qzbbdun n i & L ~ I (Nassau) LL '~JJ ~3% LLB: L B R ~

(Hesse) d ~ v j i u ~ r w ~ u n i ~ r ~ n ~ u i i ~ n a a u ~ . u " i n ' u ~ ~ a ~ B ~ tiauiq~uosCuni~nou~wQo

HI 456 79

I,$% ~ T U N ? ~ (Brunswick) h ~ i a f i (Anhalt) ~ Q ~ I , ~ u u ? $ ~ I , I , P : ~ ~ ~ ~ fign3?uI,~iul r e r c d - - a ~,du{u bun ~dun%n~ouiidi~~~eq:~~iu:bmm ~,Fiu~~"~assu~~auuuq:~ndiud~d

d y r l ~ ~ r v l u i : ~ u u u ~ u o~niaRs<naaaa~~uass~"u~ R.R. I 871

Cu-ain n.n. 1866 riluriuuinaiu~uwida:vli19dtdina~~a:buo3uiro~Iu w d n nia:$d~n%.m ubdt~uud 3 ~ a : % i a d + d ~ n ~ ~ n a s ~ i n a ~ u ~ i ~ i ~ l u a d d i ~ ~ ~ u U R U ~ ~

2 ~ a i u n ~ a d i ~ : u u ~ ~ d 1 u i ~ 1 ~ u q ~ r L ( i l z ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u i n u u n~iuiau!ovvidqb3da$uubhu

~I~I,LI:Y/I~GK~~~IW ~~a:n i rmna~~u~,~u~dd ~ i l u l d l i l 6 & I r i i i a ~ h s I n d ~ ~ u a y u u nnu A',, u nirmnasluGoGmud~bmunuman 'bu~niu:~,duu~sunia~,m"auunia~,do~~~aiu nis6iu

A rl i ~ ~ u a ~ ~ i ( ~ ~ m % ~ a ~ i n ' ~ l a ~ u n i a ~ u a ~ u b d ~ ~ u u d 3 f i u a d h d ~ d 1 , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 0 1 ~ 6 a a n 3 ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u $ d ~ r r n F i a n i ~ ~ a u % i ~ ~ u a ~ u ~

d a ~ n . ~ . 1866 - 1870 ~ n i u n i s ~ ~ r v l i i d d ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ a ~ ~ i a LI,~:!LM~~W

qb~di i~~i iusniw ~ ~ ~ ~ h ~ ~ l d p I , I , 3 d 3 t ~ d l d d ~ d I , R W ~ b ~ f b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' b % ~ ~ ~ l n l 3 ~ ~ 3 1 % - - - a - u a a ~ n ~ ~ d u l u ~ l o u n ~ n g i n u R.R. 1870 i~~iluLdSa~At7j7dnaiuma:vlun'b~~~rii~uia

u adds:~nduqbad un ~iudi~1,~u$dvlid3:ber"11~01~6adM" ~,ilud<m l ~ u d l ~ ~ u l i n r i b - 0 . lG1,iin~aboi1,1,d~6auni.r~Cu~~U1,~aw~:a~6ai"11a~~Ta1,au~oa1,~$uIG~u~~a~u~a~fi

wbdu

NILII~V a ~ d a q m ~,~,Gdlai h ~ l y ~ ~ i i ~ u n i a d i u i ~ i luCa~ i~ lun iw! i RJ~SIU n1.r

uim ~ ~ i i u m i w u o~nia~, !a~~~,du~~u~wsl :n iadnnaa~u a ~ w r ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ i ~ u n a i (Isabella)

~ i i ~ n ~ i u j u a i u i u w.r:ui~I~gn~u.nn~lu~iouCuuiuu n.n. r 869 ~ ~ F i e u i i ~ n a i ~ R.R.

r 870 ~ l y ~ i u a ~ f i ' u G a & f i i i ~ d ~ i q G 91 1,5i~iu1,ab~Wa41,1,~~a1"11a~~a1,au~aa1,8a"u - d u- Qnui%~qu (Leopold of Hohenzollern - Sigmaringen) ~ i l%~~!n4an~n~uni~f ig l iami

- n d <@I I,: an2' w r t a d n ' ~ i l u w ~ ~ i ~ n " u n ~ m a u d d d i ~ ~ , . i i o ~ d n s d ~ i l u ~ a ~ ~ i a i % ~ a : ~ n

- w e bs~au.aaa~ii$u ~ ~ u d n i m n i s ~ i n i r ~ u n r a ~ a i " ~ ~ u a n ~ n ~ ~ d u u ~ ~ ~ s ~ n ~ a n ' o t d i ~ ~

~,iiudgD~~a:~adrdu"~~Cui$di~~,Ber L L ~ ~ ~ I L ~ S O J ~ ~ : I , ~ ~ U C ( ~ U G I ~ ~ ~ R L B ~ I , I , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D ~ ~ I U ~ d i ~ ~ u ~ 1 , r ~ m n d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ a n i ~ ~ n 0 ~ ~ a u c i i n a a ~ ~ T s ~ a u ~ a a 1 , ~ i u d n ~ a o ~ ~ ~ 6 i u

u

b~1,drii~sriUa:61~1,fl an uui! LSGR (Pyrenees)

l u ~ d 6 n3nginu n.R. 1870 ~ ~ u i u l i ~ n i . r r i i ~ d . r t ~ n ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ d s ~ n i n i i

b a ' ~ r r ~ ~ 1 , 1 , d i i ~ ~ i % i u b ~ b a b d a 6 n 0 u ~ 3 : a d 6 a a n ~ i n n i ~ ~ a ~ ~ u ~ a 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d % d t ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ :

de Macmahon) 4 t ~ ~ % i n l 3 ~ u u r u % a ~ a a l a (Alsace) %l~f113d~:mutlu<UQ ouw s

o i 8 ~ 6 Yilrau (Achille Bazaine) ~ l l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s f b m r (Lorraine) huuldb$uud 3 49d

w3:wsiuii7ud ouaon"!8j~iui~0Y'~mni5~u'b6odia ~ ~ n i luiud 6 'aa~inu

nsaniuuotoouwai~unwatiignlou~ilu~aonou~i~a Iu.uwdnorni.liau 200,000

nuvotu l r rau~~n~m~oud~~ot iun .6 (Metz) notnlw~bauunuiatuii i~cdit~amo~ ad d '

(Sedan) luiui 30 ~aVi1Ru bkoi'dn 3 % b 6 ~ u i ~ ~ ? ~ n 2 n'uuluu nntni$tnumnu

& u ~ r h ~ u ~ d 3 (Napoleon 111) L~~fi$nlhRii[pn'fJ~~bL~~~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ d l ~ ~ ~ ~ l T ~ ~ ~ 1 5 ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ '4' * a: u u w i o u n i i n i ~ d - i r n i ~ 1 ~ n m a s t u o u m ~ i ~ ~ a ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ l i ~ ~ a n ~ i a ~ a ~ u n 6 a ~ o t - 6 i ? ~ ' ~ i a

r d o n 1 3 d o t h i ~ (Government of Nalional Defence) ~ u $ ~ a ~ R u a n i n l i ' ~ ~ r i g n n a a ~ a 2 runs~u~n8ou d a n i ~ ~ m 8 o u k n r i i a o : : d i b ~ ~ ~ d n u n a ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 u u n ~ i ~ n.R. 1871

luumrrRuafiurlaiu~Ei aur?mnu lii~rauwiou~~nnis$iuau4~u 173.000 nu; 5

~ J O S ~ ~ I U U

a a @ ~ i u ~ u ~ ~ s i ~ i a u i u b b s r u i n d i u i n u i n n ~ i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ i n ~ : ~ u ! a * bsot

nouLumni (Leon Gambetta) & n ~ 0 o n o i n d ~ ~ a ~ u u o a ~ u ' b 6 ~ a u s a u ~ i ~ t 6 a ~ o i n ~ i o t g i (Tours) A ~ L ~ I M ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ R U W ~ ~ I ~ " ~ fu~ud 28 aJnnnu

R.R. 1871 A ~ ~ ~ R R R I I J ~ ~ U I ~ I ~ R ~ ~ ~ Q Q I R ~ L I ~ ~ ~ ~ O A ~ I ~ R ~ ~ t n ~ i u n k d 3 i i i i ~ w i -

8iuiand 3 r~ua '~~o96au u ~ u u i u 6 i t d ~ ~ ~ n ~ 1 v a a u T d ~ ~ u u 6 3 $ ~ u ~ n s a j i i l ~ 4 i l ? a ~ ~ 1 ~

la i j iwinDn~' IuuT~~ ialiur~u~uauruo;lJouiu~jnmindmui-iniini, dalinu& ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] u I u ~ ~ u R ~ ~ ~ I u ~ M ~ I J ~ ~ ~ I , M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ n u i i n d ~ r a n d o : v l ~ ~ ~ ~ i i u ~ n i w o u n i i o : ~ n i ~ r ~ o n ~ ~ n C ~ ~ - ~ r r v i ~ m i ~ ~ u d a

uaddfdrn~ nuir%irdd%i~dduids~unuwbuoduoa%n.n" (~ordeaux) ~ u ~ ~ o u ? u n l ~ l l l d

n.q. 1871 E U L I D U ? U ~ D U ~ ~ ~ ~ U L L S I P I I O J I U ^ ~ $ ~ ~ I b ~ V i d ~ b d 3 d ~ ~ f ~ (Treaty of Frankfurt)

d d ~ l 1 $ d ~ d r ~ R ~ ~ d U b L ~ a ' U ~ a ~ l R b b R ~ ~ O b L 3 u (Alsare and Lorraine) &1&6€Iddlu~il w r u d f j n~3u~~n~ iud iuau 5 wir i ' i~14~~~1.n~ ZOO i'iudou6 rrnrno~Kwruoruitfien

n3odiuununid~ourw~o11oddt~~~ loun i id~9r~~o:d l~~ i ld f jn3~undn31uwum

ad~~ryiiiuGniw~6iunian~uiu\ua'ud 10 wqwninu n.n. 1 8 7 1 ~ ~ rrd~u~rutd

fiauiin~a'n?.rdiu r~w'ua~dTLJr~n~d an13.rauruo3uQdnu~sn.t igruo.ruitni~meul6

16u u ia i f i n u i rmu UIL?%LRUUU~II (Wurttemberg) i i gn~bGiahuna iu~n%i? d V ituudlidriiltl-r~i+auIun~uigruoa~u druosuGujgnuri~uunwrrifiiEu (mn) r w n t

~urrnurrnuee~r~?uli lGr~iaaun"i~a"~ru03~~6u~ lua'ud 18 unlinu n.n. 1871 lu W a g 99"osna:anvoswstm.na"srrafgiu nw~arlrrVisda"arrGun"lGiuniada:ninlSiir~uCnaw~~~

ruo3a~u I J ~ : ~ W B ~ ~ S ~ U C ~ I . ~ W ~ ~ ? F ~ I ~ n.n. 1871

rrwwninau~uo~u~uotfiruiinr~~P;uu~ndhn"~o~n.r;lui~iruu ( ~ a i n ) 76 V

uuiuld$ifii (Inn) d~rilun~~~a~~~1un~~u~it~6Gau~wn:naiuQirilduni~ii

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d uiai15u uirnu rrn:?frmur~usn rwsi : ig~~kd~i lu i~nino3n rcuunouuinnii

d~raiunaiurGuvu'~Wsrnaruufid?~rBuluruosuii rriij~ui%nPin'n;lrlii~rw6jiib"

r~ iu i iaunia~wn:naiu~ibi lu~iuni f~ ' t r l ia~~n:nia~~~unia i i~dn3iun"udtd~ndvi

tTnoriariouduwidiuis'oua:rhunmulr~ $ni~l6oiauunfid$iciuGniwn"u

d~~rnm.nulnd C ~ r ~ u ~ g E n a : r r ~ ~ ~ n i ~ i ~ n $ i rduu"u~6$1"i~~oiiia~naiuoei 91 ~~a.7511~ nRr rsn i j au i~n I r i ~~n i~wuan~~n~u~n l r i n (Alsace) uaraof~rm (Lorraine) rwn:ii

ai~d~~rna~iiuauuinoiGuo ~~o~naiu~3u~un~u~ouluCn~a~~21ruoa8j"ud~~~~Cm k: 2 RJVW ~11i~~uou\Yiijni~~uanRr~nqnnnnicoinusmiwiuwa B ~ ~ u n ~ o ~ g u r u u

a: ~nurw~wahuqnnmnmi d~ni.rr~dRuunaiua;lkuo~ruir~udo~ijnw ainodi~u~ui r~

rw~~:a:~~ljicl~~rnnnn1ur3uG~~dI.i0iad~tsil,d~:ruoul6 uo~ruo3uG ua:fiqldd

ni l f id u n ' u ~ ~ : ~ ~ l ~ ~ j m u ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ m ~ f n d o : $ ~ l j i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a l ~ d ~ ~

thanas ~ e r . 1871

n.R. 1871 ~ i luT ld~nq iu lu~ is~ ~ d L ~ ~ ~ ? l u ~ d ~ ~ u ~ d ~ d " U ~ d S l l b l l ~ n 7 ~ d ~

qlsdiia:diW$uu?nidl~d i ~ ~ o i n n i ~ d i ~ u i ~ ~ ~ i ~ a u ~ o n i n o i n n i s n o u n i v o ~

nod~d&i~rooneinn~db3u'bub$ou~d~inu n.w. 1870 i$i8nn7dlsulu~$ouoioui

iguia8mibiuuri~iou~idiuislu~l~~8~nisiu~~:n"ui~~niw"~o~~ua~i~i~doi~d

ana$~udiuisvo~Ba~Ei u~id iu ia luqhddi r u o u i u d i n i s ~ u q n n ~ r l s u i i l u ~ ~ d

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i ~ ~ o z z n u n A 4

1 Paul A. Gagnon, France Since 1789 (New York : Harper & Row Publisher,

2' Ibid.

3 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon (Middlesex : Penguin Books Ltd.,

1976), p. 303

4 Paul A. Gagnon, France Since 1789, p. 179

5 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon, pp. 305 - 306

6 R U ~ ~ w I s F ~ ~ Z ~ : ~ T A "Bismarck, Otto von (181 5 - 1898) : ~<iniuaonln dou

7 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon, p. 308 ,

8 ~uao lwiao6kr?gmb "Bismarck Otto von (1 81 5 - 1898) : b f i ~ i u o o ~ b w d o %

Dwaia"n (w.R. 2358 - 2441 .), p. 181

9 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon, p. ,309

10 William Carr, A History of Germany 1815 -1945, 2 nd ed. (London : Edward

Arnold, 1979), pp. 94 - 97

11 Ibid.,pp.99-100

12 Paul A. Gagnon, France Since 1789, pp. 191 - 192 i

13 RU!il 1~15~l653:?t[mb. ~ ~ L % R I R ~ ~ L U D ~ U ~ C ~ U ' ~ M ~ ( ~ T J L M W'I : Pncn Auw'

14 Paul A. Gagnon, France Since 1789, p. 193

15 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon, pp. 312 - 31 3

16 William Carr, A History of Germany 181 5 - 1945, pp. 106 - 107

17 Paul A Gagnon, France Since 1789, pp. 193 -195

18 David 'rhomson, Europe Since Napoleon, p. 314

88

19 Ibid., pp. 314 - 315

20 Paul A. Gagnon, France Sin . 195

21 Ibid.

22 David Thomson, Europe Since Napoleon, p. 31 6

23 Paul A Gagnon, ~ iance Since 1789, p. 196

24 Ibid., p. 201

25 Ibid., p. 203

26 David Thomson, p. 319

27, Ibid., pp. 320 -321

28 Tbid., p. 322

29 Ibid., pp. 322 -323

30 Ibid., p. 323

31 Ibid., pp. 323 -326

32 Ibid.