ugc minor research project :- - jijamata...
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UGC Minor Research Project :- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NAME NANDRE CHANDRAKANT VEDU
SANCTION FILE NO. F. 47-795/09 (WRO)
dated August 17, 2009
Title of research project: "SEPRATION OF ORGANIC AND METALLIC
MOIETIES FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTES BY
SOLVENT EXTRACTION."
Total amount approved Rs. 1, 85,000/-
Period of WORK 2009-2012.
PUBLICATIONS C.V.Nandre and V.S.Shrivastava, “ Solvent extraction ,
detection and identification of organics in industrial
wastewater by FTIR and GC-MS techniques.” AJCER
4(2) , 67-72. April 2011
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
Water pollution due to organics and hazardous heavy metals has been a
major global concern for environmentalist, because some moieties are
degradable. It is well perceived that there is a permissible limit for heavy
metals, above which they are generally toxic and some are even hazardous.
Contamination of the environment with organics and heavy metals from
industrial wastewater is a major problem. Due to their accumulation
through food chain and persistence in nature, it is necessary to remove
organics and heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Organics like dyes,
pigments, pesticides, organic solvents and heavy metals like Hg, As, Cr,
Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu ions are the serious environmental pollutants frequently
encountered in industrial waste water from textile dyeing and printing,
pesticide, chemicals, pulp and paper, sugar industries etc.
Although a considerable amount of work has been carried out on the
physico-chemical, metal analysis and organic pollutants present in
industrial wastewaters but the physico-chemical properties, metal analysis
and organic pollutants in industrial wastewater from Satpur and Ambad
MIDC, Nasik yet has not been studied.
In view of the above, we are finding out detection and identification of
organics by FTIR and GG-MS techniques, concentration of hazardous
metals in industrial waste water by ICP-AES,development of low cost
methods for removal of organics and heavy metals from waste water and
physico-chemical and statistical analysis of the collected results.
The results thus obtained are being described and discussed briefly under
the following sections.
Section-1 :- Detection and identification of organic
compounds in solvent extracted masses by FTIR and
GC-MS techniques.
Section - II: - Detection of metals.
Section- III: - Development of low cost methods for the removal of
organic and metallic moieties by using bio-adsorbents.
Section- IV:- physico chemical characteristics of industrial
wastewater groundwater and amended soil samples.
SECTION - I
Detection and identification of organic compounds in solvent extracted
masses by FTIR and GC-MS techniques:
In this section we will discuss the analysis of industrial waste water
samples collected from Satpur and Ambad MIDC, Nashik, Which were
extracted from CH2CI2 and recorded for FTIR and GC-MS. The obtained
extracted mass has been analyzed for different functional groups by Parkin
Elmer make FTIR and organic compounds by Haward Packered make GC-
MS instruments at Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF),
IIT, Mumbai.
The FTIR result of industrial wastewater samples show some important
frequencies and characteristics bands. The obtained GC-MS results of
industrial wastewater samples from Satpur and Ambad MIDC, show the
presence of organic compounds, which are being given in Section -1 of
Chapter 3. SECTION-II Detection of metals:
This section is divided into two parts.
A] Detection of hazardous metals by ICP-AES.
B] Detection of exchangeable metals by flame photometry and
complexometry.
A] Detection of hazardous metals by ICP-AES.
The disposal of treated and untreated industrial effluents into river water
increases the heavy metal concentration in water. The industries require
large volume of water and variety of chemicals for various process and
generate high amount of waste contains a wide variety of hazardous,
organic inorganic and carcinogenic substances and toxic heavy metals,
which are posing serious problems.
The heavy metals present in the industrial effluents interact with organic
and inorganic species and forms complexes.
The hazardous metals like Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ni, As, Hg and Cr play an
extremely important role in the environmental Pollution. These toxic
metals are one of the major polluting sources and of course which are
widely spread in the environment. The transformation, mobilization,
transport and bioaccumulation of these metals are of fundamental
environmental importance. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the
industrial waste water for metallic concentration. Out of the several
hazardous metals present in the above samples, we have analysed only Cu,
Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cd, etc.
B] Detection of exchangeable metals by flame photometry and
complexomelry.
The concentration of Na and K were determined by flame photometric
technique and Ca and Mg were detected by the complexometric method.
SECTION- III
Development of low cost methods for removal of organic and
metallic moieties by using bio adsorbents:
1] Removal of basic red dye by using Ipomoea Carnia Stem Waste
Activated carbon:
Basic Red dye was selected for removal studies. The batch mode
adsorption studies were carried out by varying different parameters such as
agitation time, initial dye concentration, carbon dose, particle size and pH..
The adsorption capacity was found to be 49.84 mg/g of Ipomoea Carnia
Stem Waste Carbon (ICSWC) at pH 7 at room temperature.
2] Removal of Cr (VI) by using Albiza Lebbeck Pods from industrial
wastewater:
Albiza Libbeck pods were used for removal of Cr (VI) from industrial
wastewaters. The optimum pH for adsorption was 2.0. The metal removal
efficiency was found to be 94-99 %. SECTION- IV
Physico-chemical characteristic of industrial wastewater,
ground water and amended soil samples:
Physico chemical characteristics are best indicator of pollution. The
phvsico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, Chlorides, Total Phosphorous,
Total Nitrogen, TDS, COD, BOD and DO were analysed for all the
samples collected from various sites of Satpur and Ambad MIDC, Nashik.
The values are slightly more than the standard values.
UGC Minor Research Project :-
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NAME DEORE SATISH VEDU
SANCTION FILE NO. 47-1669/10(WRO) AUG 17, 2011 Title of research project: “Comparative anatomical studies of roots and
stem wood with Histochemical studies
pertaining to heartwood formation in some
Angiosperm”.
Total amount approved Rs. 1, 60,000/-
Period of WORK 2012 to 2013.
PUBLICATIONS :- S. V. Deore and P. V. Ramaiah. “Chemical
regulation of heartwood formation”. Asian Journal of Chemical and Environmental Research, Vol. 5 (3-40) 69-71, July October 2012.
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
In the deciduous tree species the radial extension of heartwood is
comparatively less than evergreen species.
The amount of heartwood is less in gum producing trees except in Acacia
nilotica, which both the gummosis and well-formed heartwood are
present.
In the seasonal study different histochemical parameters and their
distribution patterns indicate that senses occurred in the transition zone
during heartwood formation.
In general the number of vessels per unit area in root woot is less than
that of stem wood while the amount of parenchyma is higher than root
wood compared to stem wood.
Starch is major reserved food material possibly converted into phenolic
extractives via lipids derivatives from outer sap wood to transition zone
during wood development.
In all observed tree species transport processes indicated by localization
of phosphatases, decrease from outer sap wood to transition zone.
Histochemical observation indicate that outer and middle sapwood the
parenchyma cell are metabolically active in inner transition zone.
Ethylene and ACC treatment into the sap wood resulted in the formation
of induced heartwood in under observed tree species.
In gum yield tree the radial extension of induced heartwood is less
compared to tree with the heartwood formation.
The electric resistance being lowest in the barks and gradually increase
towards inside and showed sudden increases in transition zone.
Heartwood shows height resistance due to low moisture content.
UGC Minor Research Project :-
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NAME SAWANT DILIP KASHINATH
SANCTION FILE NO. Sanction file No.:- F.47-1696/10(WRO)
Dated, 6 MAR 2011
Title of research project: “To Study the effect of mixed crystals of
Calcium Tartrate in Silica gel”
Total amount approved Rs. 1, 30,000/-
Period of WORK 2011 to 2012.
PUBLICATIONS 1D. K. Sawant . Growth and EDAX of mixed Ca-
Ba Tartrate. Scholars Research Library
Archives of Physics Research, 2013, 4 (2):1-3
2. D. K. Sawant 1* and D. S. Bhavsar2.
Photoluminescence and Band gap energy of Ca-
Sr Tartrate. Scholars Research Library
Archives of Physics Research, 2012, 3 (1):29-35
3..D. K. Sawant1*, H. M. Patil2, D. S. Bhavsar3
and K. D. Girase4. “Elemental analysis of gel
grown Ca-Cd tartrate .Advances in Applied
Science Research, 2013, 4(1):383-385 4. D. K. Sawant 1*, H. M. Patil 2, D. S.
Bhavsar3, J.H. Patil4, K.D.Girase5. Structural
and Optical Properties of Calcium Cadmium
Tartrate. Archives of Physics Research, 2011, 2
(2): 67-73.
3 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
Author has selected “To Study the effect of mixed crystals of Calcium Tartrate in Silica
gel”. The grown crystals of mixed calcium tartrate will be used for following
characterization.
1. X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD)
2. FTIR
3. Thermal studies
a) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
b) Derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG)
c) Differential thermal analysis (DTA)
4. UV-Visible spectroscopy
5. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX)
6. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
ACHIEMENTS FROM THE PROJECT
The advances in the science of the solid state and material science depend upon the
availability of good quality single crystals. Consequently, tremendous amount of efforts has
been made on the development of crystal growth techniques, each having its own importance
and potentiality with certain limitation.
The new rapidly developing branches of science and technology, such as quantum
electronics, quantum and non linear optics, semiconductor instrumentation, Laser and masers
etc. all involves the use of single crystals and their singular properties. So several techniques
have been developed and are still being to be developed in rapid succession to synthesize
better and better quality of crystals, which are rare in nature, or not yet grown in laboratory.
Crystals are the unknown pillars of modern technology. The modern technological
developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for
lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors,
telecommunication etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we
are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as
diamond, silicon carbide, gallium nitride and so on. Unless the science of growing these
crystals understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be
applied in modern industry. The large number of crystals is used in electronic, optical and in
industries. Hence today’s demand is to grow large single crystals with high purity and
symmetry.
A crystal can consist of any virtually pure single chemical compound (small
impurities can be present which give colors to minerals and mixtures of compounds that can
co-crystallize, but less common). The compound may be inorganic, as in minerals and salts,
e.g. SiO2 (quartz) or NaCl (salt) or organic, such as sugar. In fact, any pure organic substance
can be crystallized under the right conditions. The chemist actually uses process of
recrystallization to purify their compounds as traces of impurity generally remain in solution
when the crystals are formed. While classic compounds such as CuSO4 can be obtained in the
large form of crystals. Most compounds crystallize in smaller size, which can be obtained in
large and well formed under suitable conditions and by using proper techniques. Even
proteins can be encouraged to crystallize nicely under appropriate conditions. The large size
of protein crystal helps scientists to study for the determination of structure of proteins
thereby understands their function. Protein crystallography is a very hot field in biosciences
these days.
Mixed crystal of tartrate have several applications in medicine, optics etc. and hence;
it was thought work while to undertake investigation on growth of crystals of mixed tartrate
and their characterization by different methods.
UGC Minor Research Project:- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NAME WAGH PRAKASH BHILA
SANCTION FILE NO. 47-794/09(WRO) DATED, AUGUST 17, 2009
Title of research project: “.Removal of dyes by using different Agro based carbon: Kinetic and Equilibrium Study.
Total amount approved Rs. 1, 80,000/-
Period of WORK 2009-2012.
PUBLICATIONS P.B.WAGH AND V S SHRIVASTAVA, 2011; “ORGANICS IN DYE WASTEWATER: A FTIR AND GC-MS STUDY”, Asian Journal of chemical and environmental research, 4 (1), 87-91
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
The contamination of the environments by organics from the industrial dye waste water is
a major problem due to their accumulation in nature and water bodies. The dyes effect
the flora and fauna and nearby land areas and hence it is necessary to remove this dyes
from the dye waste water industries. In waste water effluent organics dyes , pigments ,
pesticides and heavy metals from the industries like printings, chemicals, pulp, sugar
,tanering, etc are found to be present and this creates a serious environmental problems.
I have tried to study the physicochemical parameters of the dye industries effluent
like PH, EC, total prosperous, Nitrate as No3, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD present in the
dye industries effluents from the G.I.D.C.-Sachin Pandesara of Surat city in Gujarat. In
view of the above I have also tried to detect and identify the organics presents in a dye
industries waste water effluents by FTIR and GC-MS technique. I also developed a low cost
adsorption method for the removal of dyes by using agro based carbon adsorbent
material for a dye alizarin red-s.
I have presented this study in the following sections:
Section I. Physicochemical characteristics of industrial waste water bore well and
amended soil
Section II. Detection and identification of organic dyes solvent extracted mass by FTIR and
G.C.M.S technique
Section III. Development of low cost method for the removal of dye Alizarin red-s using
agro based coconut shell activated carbon.
Section I-
Physicochemical characteristics of an industrial dye waste water amended soil bore well
water and ground water.
The physicochemical characteristics of a industrial dye waste water, amended soil, bore
well water and ground water are the best indicators of the pollution and hence the
physicochemical parameters were analysd for all the dyes industries sample collected
from GIDC- Sachin Pandesara of Surat city. The result thus obtained is described under the
following subheadings.
1) PH- It is the most important characteristics of a dye industries waste water effluents
and it indicates the H+Ions in the water effluent. The PH of the effluent varies from 6.5 -
9.3 for the dye industries and for soil sample it is in between 7- 8.5 and bore well water it
is 7.5-8. The standard range of PH is 6.5-8.5
2) EC-The electrical conductivity depends upon the salt and minerals present in the dye
waste water. In dye industries waste water the EC varies from 3.5 micromhos to 60
micromhos.
3) Total Phosphorous- The variation ranges is from 2.12-7.66mg/liter for dye waste water
and for soil sample from 0.34-0.40mg/lit and for bore well water and ground water the
phosphorus is not detected. The limit of Phosphorous is found in a desired limit. The
standard for the phosphorous is 500 mg/liter by the ISI 10500 standard
4)Total Nitrogen – The percentage of Nitrogen in the dye industries varies from 2.12-7.56
and is soil it is from 0.0 38 to 0.38 and in bore water it is 3.27 and in ground water it is
2.19.The percentage of found Nitrogen found is in a desired limit.
5) Nitrate as NO3- the limit of Nitrate as NO3 for dye waste water effluent varies from 2.57
to 14.36mg/liter and for soil sample it is 1.39 to 14.98mg/liter and for bore water it is
2.92mg/liter. The nitrate is not detected in ground water sample, the nitrate is found in a
desired limit according to the ISI 10500 standard
6) Dissolved Oxygen- the Do in dye industries waste water varies from 1.3 to 2.6 and in
bore well water it is 4.5mg/liter and for ground water it is 4mg/liter. The Do found is also
in desired limit.
7) BOD- The BOD of dye industries varies between 110 to 600mg/liter. IN bore water and
ground water it is not detected.
8) COD- It is most important factor and it found in dye industries water in between 463 to
2080mg/liter. The COD values are more in some industries waste water and in ground well
water it is 10.30mg/liter.
9) Sulphate- amount of Sulphate in dyes waste water industries varies in between 249 to
5294mg/liter and in soil sample it is between 149 to 1429 mg/liter and in bore water it is
59.34 to 116mh/liter an in ground water it is 59.34mg/liter the high value indicates the
presence of minerals
Section II-
Detection and identifications of dyes by FTIR and GCMS technique
The samples collected from the dye waste water industries are anylaised for the detection
and identifications of dyes. By FTIR .The IR bond detected are N-H stretching, O-H
stretching, CO2 stretching, C-N, C-O single bond stretching in ester. The dyes detected are
Azidomethyl Benzin and 2 – Phenyl-4 (formyloxy methyl) 5-methyl 1, 2, 3 trizole. From
literature survey the observation is that the dyes in effluents are Carcinogenic, Mutagenic
and Tetratogenic to human and flora and fauna. The deposition of this dyes affect the
fertile soil and drinking water qualities of the nearby areas hence it is necessary the dye
should be removed from the waste water effluents before they discharge by using
different technique
Section III-
Development of low cost method for the removal dyes from dye waste water using agro
based carbons.
The kinetics and mechanism of Alizarin red-s dye on coconut shell activated carbon is
studied. The investigation is done by using batch adsorption technique. The different
variables like initial dye concentration , adsorbent dose , contact time PH and the various
kinetics models like ilovichs model , intrapartical diffusion model pseudo first and pseudo
second orders and adsorption isotherms like Langmuir and frendlich adsorption isotherms
were studied . The adsorbent is characterized by FTIR, EDAX and SEM analysis. The
adsorbent used was coconut shell activated carbon.
The optimized conditions are initial dye concentration used are 60, 80,100, 120
ppm solution, PH fixed is 8, Contact time 120 min and adsorbent dose form 0.2 to
4gm/liter
Conclusions
1) The coconut shell activated carbon can be an effective adsorbent for the removal of
alizarin red-s dye.
2) The amount of dye uptake was found to be increased with increase in contact time,
initial dye concentration and it decreases with and increasing adsorbent dose
3) The adsorption rate was found to be confirm to pseudo second order kinetics with
good correlation
4) The equilibrium data fit very well in Langmuir equation and it indicates monolayer
adsorption kinetics.
5) The waste water effluent of dyes industries should not be discharge in to water bodies
without giving a proper treatment.