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ckdhP;kgh lkiMrhy- ek= lkiMr ukgh rks gjoysyk ek.kwl- R;keqGs ek.kqldhgh

gjoyh vkgs dh dk; vlk iz'u iMk;yk yko.kkja gs vk/kqfud ;a=&ra= vkf.k

ea=;qxlq/nk!

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R;kpa R;kykgh lkiMr ukgh! rj fdR;sdnk ek.klkyk eu vkgs dh ukgh v'kh

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eukr Hkjrks] rs R;kP;k ^euLoh* orZukeqGs-

cfg.kkckbZaP;k 'kCnkr lkaxk;pa >kya rj ^nsokyk tkxsi.kh iMysY;k

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okx.;krwu fl/n dj.kkÚ;k ,dk nsonwrkph] æ"VÓkkph & Eg.ktsp Jh- 'kkafrykyth

eqFFkk ;kaph gh pfj= dFkk vkgs-

R;kauh vkrki;ZUr dsysya dk;Z iw.kZi.ks osxGap vkgs- R;kapa ,d foy{k.k

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vksGh fygwu! dkj.k 'ksoVh okp.kkjs Eg.ks R;k vksGhae/kyk ^ek.kwl* okpr vlrkr!

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rso<ap ek>a dke vkf.k rs ekÖ;kdMwu djowu ?ksrya MkW- 'kSys'k xqtj ;kauh- ;k

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vkgsr-

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lkS- ljykrkbZ ;kauhgh ekÖ;koj dsysY;k izsekpa Lej.k dk;e jkgkoa vla! Jh-

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Ók Ÿ

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1993 lkyh fganw eqLyhe naX;kP;k lanHkkZr R;kauh iq.ks rs ukxiwj v'kh'kkarh;k=k vk;ksftr dsyh gksrh- R;kr vknj.kh; lq'khyequhthalkscr ehgh lkehy>kyks gksrks- xka/khthauh 'kkarhlsusph ladYiuk ekaMyh gksrh- 'kkarhlSfud gs brjkaukekj.;klkBh dke djhr ulrkr] rj Lor% ej.;kph r;kjh BsÅu 'kkarrk izLFkkfirdjhr vlrkr- rh ldkjkRed 'kkarrk vlrs- rh Le'kku 'kkarrk ulrs- ikjLikfjdrkok<owu loZ /kekZP;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjdkauh ,df=r txkos o ijLijkaP;k lq[k&nq%[kkrlkehy Ogkos gh R;kekxhy Hkwfedk vlrs vkf.k R;kp Hkwfedsrwu gh 'kkarh;k=kvk;ksftr dsyh gksrh-

’kkafrykythauh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk LFkkiu dsyh- gs uko Bso.;kekxsghR;kaph ,d fof'k"V o`Ùkh gksrh- ;k la?kVusps uko ^vf[ky Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* vlsBsork vkys vlrs- i.k ex rh HkkSxksfyd ladYiuk Bjyh vlrh- rh Hkkjrh;RokphladYiuk jkfgyhp vlrh vls Eg.k.ks dBh.k vkgs- ^Hkkjrh;* gk 'kCn ,d vkxGs

àñVmdZm :

osxGs :i ?ksÅu mn;kl vkyk- R;kr ,d jk"Vª&,d turk gh o`Ùkhplkekoysyh vkgs- Hkkjrh; lafo/kkukus ,dp Hkkjrh;Ro ekU; dsys vkgs- rqEgh izkarkps]'kgjkps jfgoklh vlrk R;kyk izknsf'kd vkf.k Hkkf"kd lanHkZgh vlrks- ijarq rqEgh R;k'kgjkps ukxfjd ulrk] rqEgh QDr ^Hkkjrh; ukxfjd* vlrk- gh /keZfujis{k Hkkjrh;ukxfjdRokph ladYiuk vfLrRokr vk.k.;klkBh ;k laLFksps uko ^Hkkjrh; tSula?kVuk* vls Bso.;kr vkys- gs 'kkafrykythaP;k o`Ùkhps fun'kZd vls uko vkgs-

R;kauh Hkwdai >kY;koj vkbZ&oMhy ulysY;k eqykaph ;ksx{kse o f'k{k.kkphO;oLFkk R;kaps ^ikyd* gksÅu dsyh- ex rks Hkwdai xqtjkre/khy vlks fdaok brjdqBykgh vlks- R;k dkekpk vkokdk dk'ehjiklwu rfeGukMwi;±r vkf.kvaneku&fudksckjiklwu xqtjkri;±r gksrk- R;kr tkr] ikr] /keZ fdaok izknsf'kdrkuOgrh] rj QDr Hkkjrh;o`Ùkh gksrh o vkgs- vkfnoklh eqys fdaok HkwdaixzLr eqys ;kauklektkP;k ewG izokgkr vk.k.;kph R;kaph o`Ùkh gksrh vkf.k rh fde;k R;kauh lk/kyhvkgs gs R;kaps oSf'k"VÓk vkgs- nq%[kkyk tkr] /keZ ulrks- rs nq%[k lok±ps lekup vlrs-Eg.kwu R;kauh lok±e/;s ,d=hdj.k o ijLijkae/;s ca/kqRo Hkkouk izLFkkfir dj.;klkBholfrx`gs dk<yh- ;k {ks=krys R;kaps dke vo.kZuh; vkgs- rs [kÚ;k vFkkZusewY;ifjorZukps dk;Z vkgs-

f'k{k.k {ks=krhy R;kaps dke gs ewY;o/kZukps vkgs- R;kis{kkgh rs [kÚ;k vFkkZuslk{kjrsdMwu lkFkZdrsdMs tk.;kpk izokl vkgs- vkEgkyk vls usgeh okVr vkys vkgsdh f'k{k.k ok<ys dh leL;k lqVrhy- i.k vls d/khp okVys uOgrs dh f'k{k.kkphleL;k fuek.kZ gksbZy- vkt rhp leL;k vkgs- Eg.kwu f'k{k.k iz.kkyhr vkewykxzifjorZukph xjt vkgs- laLdkj djkos ykxr ulrkr] rs gksr vlrkr- laLdkjvklearkrwu gksrkr] okrkoj.kkrwu gksrkr] f'k{k.k laLFkkarwu gksrkr vkf.k ?kjh gksrkr- rsvk;kr djko;kps ulrkr-

dqlqekxztkauh ,dk fBdk.kh fygwu Bsoys vkgs dh] vkt f'k{k.k laLFkkaukeSnkusp ukghr- R;keqGs frFks lkewfgd [ksGgh ukghr- ifj.kkeh eqykaph ÅtkZ theSnkukr mi;ksxkr ;ko;kl goh fryk iqjslk oko vki.k fuekZ.k d:u fnysyk ukgh-v'kh eqys tj ex va/kkj cksGhdMs oGyh rj nks"k dq.kkpk\ eqykaP;k ikydkapk\ dhf'k{k.k laLFkkapk\ dh lektkpk\ v'kh ifjfLFkrh vlwugh vki.k eqys fc?kMyh vlsokD; okijrks- ts loZFkk pqdhps vkgs- dqlqekxztkaP;k Hkk"ksr Eg.kko;kps rj^mfdjMÓkkojps dkxn [kk.kkjs xk<o eVD;kps uacj o xhrsps 'yksd ;kr Qjd djhrukgh*- ghp 'kkafrykythalkj[;kaph osnuk- Eg.kwu rs f'k{k.k {ks=krhy ifjorZukP;k;kstuk vk[khr vkgsr-

iquoZlu vkf.k lsok ;kr ewyHkwr Qjd vkgs- ^lsok /keZ cgqr dfB.k tk.kk*vls rqylhnklkauh fygwu Bsoys vkgs- xka/khthauh EgVY;kizek.ks lsok gh

vls dk;Z vkgs- gsd#.ksps dk;Z vkgs- d#.kk gÓkk 'kCnkrhy ^d* gs v{kj tks lsok djrks o T;kP;kdjrklsok miyC/k d:u nsrks R;kaps v'kk nks?kkapsgh drZ`Ro tkx`r djhr vlrs- Eg.kwu rsdr`ZRo o d#.kk ;kaps dk;Z vkgs- T;kyk baxzthr vki.k Eg.krks vkf.kgkp 'kCn Hkkjrh; lafo/kkukus ^ukxfjdkaP;k ewyHkwr drZO;* ;k v/;k;kr okijykvkgs-

eqyhaP;k tUekps Lokxr Ogkos ;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh Qkj osxGs dk;Zvafxdkjys vkgs- ;k vk/;kfRed ns'kkr eqyhaP;k tUekps Lokxr u gks.;kps eq[;dkj.k vkgs gqaMk i/nrh vkf.k yXukoj gks.kkjk cslqekj [kpZ- ;krwu ekxZ dk<.;klkBh'kkafrykythauh lkewfgd fookgkph ;kstuk vk[kyh vkf.k R;kr vkiY;k ifjokjkrhyO;Drhps fookg ?kMowu vk.kys- vk/kh dsys vkf.k ex brjkauk lkafxrys vls gs dk;Zgksrs- ;k ;kstusph goh r'kh n[ky lektkus ?ksryh ukgh gh vkeP;klkj[;kaph o'kkafrykythaph osnuk vkgs-

TkSu /kekZcíy vkeP;klkj[;kauk ,d vkxGhosxGh vkLFkk vkgs- gk ,deso/keZ vlk vkgs dh] T;kr L=hP;k czEgp;kZpk cgqeku dsyk tkrks- T;kr x`fg.kh fdaokekrk ;kis{kk czEgpkfj.kh lk/ohph izfr"Bk vf/kd vkgs- izR;sd eqyhps yXu >kyspikfgts o izR;sd efgysps f'k[kj ekr`Ro vkgs vls ekuys rj eqyhP;k thoukpk izoklgk QDr yXukph mesnokjh Bjr vlrks- frP;k thoukps Lok;Ùk o Lora= vfLrRoulrs vkf.k ewY;gh ulrs- ;k fopkjlj.khrwu ckgsj iMko;kps vlsy rj'kkafrykythauh vk[kysY;k loZ ;kstukapk ckjdkbZus vH;kl dj.ks o R;kaps vuqlj.kdj.ks vko';d vkgs- ;kckcrhr ,dk mnwZ dohus EgVY;kizek.ks vkt HkkjrkrifjfLFkrh vkgs-

^,d [krk ge mezHkj djrs jgsA

/kwy rks psgsjsij Fkh] ysdhu]

vkbZuk lkQ djrs jgsA*

QDr vkjlk LoPN d:u psgsÚ;kojhy /kwG tkr ulrs vkf.k'kkafrykythapk ;kckcrhryk dk;ZØe psgjk LoPN dj.;klkj[kk vkgs] gs vki.ktk.kwu ?ksrys ikfgts-

vfgalk Eg.kts dq.kkykgh u ekj.ks ,o<k lhfer vFkZ ukgh- iwohZ ^thoksthoL; thoue~* gh o`Ùkh gksrh- Eg.kts eksBk eklk NksVÓkk ek'kkyk [kkÅu txr vls-

“transforming frustration in life into joy of life”

compassion

lH;rsP;k izxrhlkscr nqljs ikÅy Vkd.;kr vkys rs gksrs^Lor% txk vkf.k brjkauk txw |k*- egkohj vkf.k xka/khth ;kaP;k vfgalsus ,d

iq<ps ikÅy Vkdys rs vkgs- ^Lor% txk vkf.k brjkauk txk;yk enr djk*- brjkauktxk;yk enr djk gs 'kkafrykythaP;k vfgalk /kekZps ewyrŸo vkgs- R;keqGspdqBY;kgh izdkjps 'kks"k.k gh fgalkp vkgs- ;k ladYiusr ijLijkaP;k lq[knq%[kkrlkehy gksÅu 'kks"k.kjfgr lekt fuekZ.k dj.ks gh ladYiuk ;kr foghr vkgs vkf.k'kkafrykythaP;k dk;kZpsgh rsp vf/k"Bku vkgs-

vkt vki.k lersP;k xks"Vh djrks- i.k leku la/kh ul.ks gh fo"kerkpvlrs] gs foljrks- Eg.kwu lok±uk leku la/kh izLFkkfir gksÅ 'kdsy vlk lekto v'kh f'k{k.kiz.kkyh 'kkafrykythauk vfHkizsr vkgs-

'kkafrykythauk lÙksP;k jktdkj.kkr fnypLih ukgh- lÙkkdka{kh o lÙkk/kkjhyksd lekt ?kMfor ulrkr rj fc?kMfor vlrkr- ns'k vkf.k egkjk"Vª larkauh olektlq/kkjdkauh ?kMfoyk vls vki.k Eg.krks- v'kk lektlsodkr eh 'kkafrykytheqFFkk ;kaph x.kuk djrks- R;kauh Lohdkjysyh lekt ifjorZukph pGoG gh ekÖ;kn`"Vhus vR;ar egÙokph vkgs- vkt vkS"k/k xjtoarkyk feGr ukgh] rj rs xjtulysY;k i.k fodr ?ks.;kph {kerk vlysY;k iSlsokY;kauk feGrs- Eg.kwu ^euh ikWoj*^ely ikWoj* o ^ekfQ;k ikWoj* gs ikWojQqy Bjr vkgsr- v'kk ifjfLFkrhr ^^lØh;nqtZu vkf.k fuf"Ø; lTtu** vlk lekt fuekZ.k gksbZy v'kh jkLr Hkhrh okVrs- gsOgko;kps ulsy rj o gksÅ |k;ps ulsy rj 'kkafrykyth eqFFkk ;kauh Lohdkjysyk^'kkafriFk* gk ,deso ekxZ vkgs- T;krwu vkewykxz ifjorZu gksÅ 'kdsy vkf.k ghp'kkafrykyth eqFFkk ;kaph thou lk/kuk vkgs- ;k lk/kusr R;kauk ;'k feGks v'kh bZ'ojpj.kh izkFkZuk vkgs-

'kkafrykythaoj fyfgY;k xsysY;k ;k iqLrdkps ejkBhrhy lqfo| okpd[kqY;k eukus vkf.k eksdGÓkk gkrkus Lokxr djrhy v'kh eyk vk'kk vkgs-

^^'ks"ke~ Lusgsu~ iwj;sr**

23 ,fizy 2012

“Live and let

live”

vki.k

EkqacbZ

U;k- paæ'ks[kj /kekZf/kdkjh

vuqØef.kdk

v-Ø- izdj.kkps uko iku Ø-

foHkkx 1 % ckyi.k o f’k{k.k 1 rs 37

foHkkx 2 % lkekftd dk;Z 43 rs 117

1 eqykps ik; ikG.;kr - - - 1

2 cht % lkewfgd fookg ladYiusps 5

3 i<kbZ dh y<kbZ 9

4 olfrx`g % thoukph dk;Z'kkGk 13

5 fookgkP;k ca/kukr 17

6 'kwU;krwu fo'ofufeZrh 21

7 ukrh xqaQ.ka % vn~Hkqr dyk 27

8 }a}% O;olk; dh lkekftd dk;Z 37

9 lkekftd dk;kZpk Jhx.ks'kk 43

10 lk/kq laesyuke/;s 'kkafrykyth 51

11 loZ/kehZ; 625 % lkewfgd fookg lksgGk 57

12 in;k=k 61

13 'kkarh;k=k & ,d foy{k.k vuqHko 67

14 ykrwj Hkwdai 73

15 ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi 79

16 xqtjkr Hkwdai 97

17 RlqukehP;k ykVk 111

18 tEew&dk'ehj Hkwdai o fcgkjpk iwj 117

19 vuqHkokph 17 o"ksZ 127

20 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe ¼,T;qds'ku DokfyVh bEizwOgesaV izksxzke½ 135

21 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe&ljdkjh 'kkGkae/;s 149

22 vWfØMhVs'ku o f'k{kd izf'k{k.k 161

23 ewY;f'k{k.kkph vko';drk 167

24 ewY;o/kZu dk;ZØe 175

25 ,EikWojesaV vkWQ diYl 193

26 ,EikWojesaV vkWQ xYlZ 197

27 fiR;kP;k Hkwfedsr 199

28 'kkafrykythaps brj fofo/k izdYi o iqjLdkj 207

29 Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusph ns'kHkjkph O;kIrh o dk;ZØe 221

30 la?kVuspk okjlnkj 225

foHkkx 3 % ifjorZukP;k fn’ksus 127 rs 197

foHkkx 4 % ifjokj & oS;fDrd % lkekftd 199 rs 225

(EOC)

(EOG)

UkxjdMs tk.kkjh 'ksoVph cl lqVyh rjh Mksaxjfd.khP;k LVW.Mojph xnhZdeh >kyh uOgrh- Mksaxjfd.kh Eg.kts chM ftYgîkkrY;k ikVksnk rkyqD;kryaMksaxjkMksaxjkpa nq"dkGh xko- ikolkph ethZ ulY;kua vkslkM ekGjku vkf.km?kMscksMds Mksaxj- xkodÚ;kauk uk 'ksrh uk /kank- lqekjs gtkj oLrhpa xko- rs dlaghvlya rjh xkokoj xkodÚ;kapa izse- Eg.kwu xko dk;epa lksMwu tk.ka v'kD;p- i.kiksV Hkjkoa rjh dla\ R;klkBh njo"khZ lIVsacj&vkWDVkscj efguk mtkMyk dhosxosxGîkk lk[kj dkj[kkU;koj tk.;klkBh xkodÚ;kaph yxcx lq: gksbZ- toGtoGlxGa xkop lgk efgus osxosxGîkk lk[kj dkj[kkU;koj tkr vls- osxosxGîkk lk[kjdkj[kkU;koj d'kklkBh\ rj frFks vlysY;k lk[kj dkj[kkU;klkBh Ål rksM.khpkgaxke lq: >kysyk vls- lgk efgus frFks vklikl oLrh d:u jkgk;pa] d"V d:ufeGrhy frrds iSls feGok;ps vu~ ex ijr vkiY;k Mksaxjfd.khyk ;k;pa vlkxkodÚ;kapk thouØe t.kw B:up xsysyk-

gh lxGh eaMGh vkliklP;k ifjljkryk Ål rksMwu rks cSyxkMhr ?kkywudkj[kkU;kr vk.kr- ex rks e'khue/;s Vkdsi;±r R;kapa dke vls- fnolHkj vla pØpkyw jkgk;pa- jk=h 'ksrkrY;k oLrhoj ijr ;k;pa- tsok;pa u~ >ksik;pa dh nqlÚ;kfno'kh igkVsiklwu ijr rsp pØ lq:- ;k lxGîkk xkodÚ;kaP;k oLrhr vko';dvlysY;k fdjk.kk ekykpa ,[kkna nqdkugh vls- izojkuxj ;sFkhy lk[kjdkj[kkU;ktoG ,d nqdku vlk;pa rs xqykcpanth eqFFkkapa! rs Mksaxjfd.khpspjfgoklh- rsgh lgk efgus ;k rkaMîkkcjkscj izojkuxjyk ;sr vkf.k ^ehBHkkdjh* lkBhfdjk.kkeky fodr- R;kapa ewG nqdku Mksaxjfd.khyk gksra- dkykarjkus rs izojkuxjykLFkykarfjr >kya-

izojkuxj Eg.kts Jhjkeiwj rkyqD;krya xko- fo[ksikVykapa! fo[ksikVykaukljdkjua ^in~eJh* gk fdrkc cgky dsysyk gksrk- dkj.k R;kapa dkep rla- vkf.kR;kapa Hkk"k.kgh vR;ar izHkkoh vla- rs vf'kf{kr gksrs gs lkaxwugh [kja u okV.kkja- dksV]QsVk] /kksrj v'kk os"kkrys rs vkf.k R;kaph Hkk"k.ka tursyk vtwugh vkBorkr! vlalkaxrkr dh iariz/kku bafnjk xka/kh izojkuxjyk ;s.kkj vla BjY;koj R;kaP;k Lokxrkpht¸;r r;kjh R;kauh v'kh dkgh dsyh gksrh dh bafnjkthaukgh fo[ksikVykauk nknfnY;kf'kok; jkgoys ukgh- ikVykaP;k dksVkP;k f[k'kkr jkst Hkkdjh vlk;ph- Eg.ktsvkiyh Hkkdjh vkiY;ktoG vlkoh ;k gsrwus! gs lxGa Mksaxjfd.khP;k xkodÚ;kauhikfgysya gksra- i.k rs ikfgysya] ,sdysya fo'ks"k y{kkr jkfgya rs eqFFkkaP;k ,dk lkr &vkB o"kkZaP;k eqykP;k & 'kkafrykyP;k & 'kkafryky xqykcpan eqFFkk !

1 : _wbmMo nm` nmiÊ`mV...

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'kkafrykypk tUe 15 vkWxLV 1954 pk- Hkkjr ns'k ikjra«;krwu T;krkj[ksyk eqDr >kyk R;kp rkj[ksyk 'kkafrykypk tUe Ogkok- - - gh fu;rhphp bPNkrj ulsy\ iq<s gk eqyxk vusdkaP;k leL;kaiklwu R;kauk ^eqDr* dj.kkjk Bjkok - - -!

'kkafrykyyk l[[ks dkdk uOgrs- gksrs rs pqyrpqyr- ofMykapaMksaxjfd.khyk fdjk.kk ekykpa 'kaHkj&nhM'ks pkSjl QqVkapa nqdku gksra- R;kojmithfodk pkyr vls- vkbZpa&lDdjckbZpa ekgsj tke[ksMtoGpa rsya{kh gs xkoa-vkbZyk 5 cfg.kh vkf.k ,d HkkÅ- 'kkafryky ekek&eko'kkapk Qkj ykMdk] vkf.k,dk nqnSZoh ?kVuseqGs rj rks ;k eko'kkapk vf/kdp ykMdk Bjyk-

eqFFkk dqVqach; /kkfeZd- ,d fnol rqGtkiwjyk tk.;klkBh lxGs fu?kkys-eksBk HkkÅ jktey & ngk o"kk±pk vkf.k ikp&lgk efgU;kaP;k 'kkafrykyyk ?ksÅuvkbZoMhy rqGtkiwjyk iksgkspys- iwtk oxSjs >kyh vkf.k nsoGkP;k vkokjkrplDdjckb±uk FkaMh oktwu vkyh vkf.k c?krk c?krk ,dne rkigh Hkjyk- vkf.k rks ok<wykxyk- xqykcpanthauk dk; djkoa lqpsuk- 'ksoVh rs ikjxkoyk xsys- MkWDVjkauknk[koya- rs Eg.kkys] ^^21 fnol ykxrhy rki mrjk;yk!** i.k nqnSZo vla dh] R;kpfno'kh jk=h lDdjckb±ph izk.kT;ksr ekyoyh- t.kw nsohP;k n'kZukph] izk.k daBk'khvk.kwu R;k okV ikgkr gksR;k! laqnj] lqjs[k fnl.kkÚ;k lDdjckbZ] 9 O;k o"khZ yXugksÅu eqFFkkaP;k ?kjkr vkY;k gksR;k- Eg.kts T;k o;kr [ksGk;pa ckxMk;pa - - - R;ko;kr R;kapa yXu >kya vkf.k T;k o;kr yXukuarj lalkj lq[kkus djk;pk R;k o;kre`R;w cksV /k:u R;kauk ?ksÅugh xsyk- ?kjkr vfr'k; nq%[kkpa okrkoj.k iljya- R;kapkvuisf{kr vkf.k vdkyh 30&32 O;k o"khZ >kysyk e`R;w dks.kkyk Lohdkjrkp ;sruOgrk- /kkiwckbZ dkadfj;kauk vkiY;k ykMD;k eqyhpa gs ^vla dk;epa lksMwu tk.ka* -- - lgup gksr uOgra- dk; ?kMya gs\ d'kkeqGs\ dla\- - - ?kjkr nq%[kkyk ikjkokjjkfgyk ukgh-

NksVîkk lgk efgU;kaP;k 'kkafrykyyk dkgh dGrp uOgra- rks lkj[kkbdMwu&frdMwu jkaxr ;sr gksrk vkf.k 'kkar >ksiysY;k vkbZtoG tkr gksrk- frP;krksaMko:u gkr fQjor gksrk- R;kyk Hkwd ykxyh gksrh- nw/k I;k;yk Eg.kwu rksvkbZtoG vkyk] vkiY;k NksVîkk gkrkauh gyowu t.kw rks vkbZyk mBor gksrk- rhmBr ukghls ikgwu rks jMw ykxyk- toGp clysY;k f'kÅjP;k eko'khyk daqdqckbZcksjk] gs n`"; c?kosuk- vkiY;k /kkdVîkk cfg.khP;k vdLekr e`R;wP;k /kDD;kua R;kvk/khp xycywu xsY;k gksR;k- vkrk ;k ygkuX;kP;k ;k ân;ækod —rhua rj R;kdGoGwu mBY;k- R;kauh R;kyk toG ?ksrya] vkiY;k ân;k'kh /kjya] vkiY;kinjk[kkyh ?ksrya vkf.k R;kuarj vkti;ZUr R;kauh vkiY;k ek;sph ik[kj 'kkafrykyoj?kkryh- lxGîkkp eko'îkkapk 'kkafryky ykMdk >kyk- ^eko'khph ek;k v'kh vlrsdh frph rqyuk QDr vkbZP;k okRlY;k'khp gksÅ 'kdrs] - - - eklhth 'kkafrykyykvkiY;k ?kjh f'kÅjyk ?ksÅu vkY;k] o"kZ&nhMo"kZ R;kyk frFks lkaHkkGya vkf.k exR;kyk Mksaxjfd.khyk vkiY;k ofMykadMs usÅu ikspoya!

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loZp eko'îkkacíy R;kyk vf/kd vks< okVs- ;k eko'îkkaps ;tekugh'kkafrykyoj iq=or izse djhr- [kjarj r'kk lxGîkkp eko'îkkauh] R;kaP;k ;tekukauh'kkafrykyyk vkbZph m.kho Hkklw fnyh ukgh- R;kr vk.k[kh ,d xks"V v'kh gksrh dhR;kps oMhy rkiV LoHkkokps gksrs- rls rj [kwip rkiV LoHkkokps Eg.kk;yk goa-R;keqGs 'kkafrykyyk R;kaP;ktoG vkiY;k ?kjh jkg.;kis{kk izseG eko'îkkadMs jkg.kavf/kd vkoMk;pa- eksBk HkkÅ jktey vxnh 'kkar LoHkkokpk] izseG- R;kpk vkiY;k/kkdVîkk Hkkokoj vfr'k; tho gksrk-

vkbZ xsY;kua ?kjke/;s gs fr?ks iq#"kp vlk;ps- tesy rlk Lo;aikd djk;pk]tsok;pa- i.k ?kjkyk ?kji.k vla uOgra- f'kok; ofMykaP;k jkxhV LoHkkokpk /ka|koji.k ifj.kke gksÅ ykxyk- fxÚgkbZda rqVw ykxyh- ex oMhy rks jkx ?kjkr eqykaojdk<k;ps- mrkjkdMs ik.kh okgkr tkra rlk 'kkafrykypk vks<k izseG ukrsokbdkadMsvf/kd vlk;pk- ?kjkr Fkkack;P;k ,soth eqykacjkscj foVhnkaMw] xksVîkk [ksGk;P;k]HkVdk;pa- 'kuokjpk cktkj Hkjyk dh frFkagh R;kapa nqdku vlk;pa- ex R;k nqdkukrclk;pa- Mksaxjfd.khyk R;kaP;k nqdkukleksjp jrupanth f[kaoljkapa nqdku gksra- rsofMykaps pkaxys fe= gksrs- R;kaP;kgh nqdkukr clk;pa- ;kr 'kkafrykypk fnolkpkcjkp osG tkr vls- mjysY;k osGkr cSyxkMhr clwu xkokrY;k xkokr fgaMk;pa- jk=h?kjh tk;pa ukghrj nqdkukP;k macjBîkkoj >ksik;pa vla pkyya gksra- iq<s izojkuxjykxsY;koj frFkY;k nqdkukr cl.ks R;kyk vkoMw ykxys- Mksaxjfd.khyk izkFkfed 'kkGkgksrh i.k 'kkafryky xsyk rks izojkuxjP;k 'kkGsr- izojkuxj vkf.k frFkyh 'kkGknksUghe/;s rks jeyk- dkgh fnolkauh eksBîkk Hkkokpa&jkteypa yXu djk;pa Bjya-R;kP;klkBh Jhjkeiwjph ,d eqyxh cf?kryh- ex Jhjkeiwjps yksd jkteyyk^ikg.;k*lkBh Mksaxjfd.khyk vkys- yXu Bjya-

gh th Jhjkeiwjgwu eaMGh vkyh gksrh R;ke/;s dkafryky HkaMkjh ukokps ,dx`gLFk gksrs- rs ns'kikrGhojhy ,d eksBs T;ksfr"krTKgh vkgsr- R;kauh vxnh lgt'kkafrykypk gkr ikfgyk- R;kosGh rks vlsy lgkoh&lkrohr- rj dkafrykyHkaMkjhauh gkr ikgwu lkafxrya ;kpk gkr [kwi ^eksBk* vkgs- gk eqyxk ns'kkr [kwi eksBkgksbZy!] vkf.k iq<s rs [kjap Bjya- 'kkafryky gksrkp rks] 'kkafrnkrkgh Bjyk!R;kosGsiklwu vkti;ZUr dkafrykyth HkaMkjh gs 'kkafrykyP;k laidkZe/;s vkgsr oR;kaP;k izxrhpk vk<kokgh ?ksr vkgsr-

jkteypa yXu >kya- ?kjkr ckbZek.kwl vkya- i.k dykorh ofguhpkLoHkkogh rlk rkiVp gksrk- R;keqGs dqVqackr frpa Qkjla iVr uls- 'kkafrykyyk ;klxGîkk okrkoj.kkeqGs ?kjkph vks< okVspuk- 'kkafryky lk/kkj.k ifjfLFkrhP;k tSudqVqackryk vlyk rjhgh xfjckaP;k >ksiMhrya okrkoj.k R;kyk tkLr vkoMr vls-rks R;kaP;k ?kjkrhy ,d gksÅu tkr vls- R;k eqykacjkscj tso.k&[kk.k] [ksG pkywvlr- R;kaP;k laL—rhpk ifjp; R;kyk gksr gksrk- brD;k ygku o;krgh R;kP;keukoj R;k ?kjk?kjkae/kY;k nq%[kkph] vkfFkZd Lrjkph uksan gksr gksrh-

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,dnk izojkuxjyk rks xsyk vlrkuk frFkY;kp 'kkGsr ifgyhr R;kpa uko?kkrya- vkf.k ex rks lkrohi;ZUr R;kp 'kkGsr f'kdyk- gk dkG gksrk 1960&68P;k njE;kupk- i.k R;kpa y{k 'kkGsis{kk nqdkukrp tkLr gksra- nqdkukr clk;yk]lkeku |k;yk R;kyk vkoMr vlsa- fdjk.kkekykph iqMh cka/k.ks ;kr fo'o xqaQ.;kpaLoIu vkf.k dyk vlrs-

,Dnk rj rks ygkui.kh eksVjlk;dyo:u Jhjkeiwj] f'kMhZ] jkgkR;kyktkÅu vkyk- R;kosGh uqdrkp rks lkrohph ijh{kk ikl >kyk gksrk- ,o<îkk ygkuo;kr eksVjlk;dyo:u vlk izokl dj.ka Eg.kts [kjarj /kkMlkpap dke! i.k'kkafrykyua rs vxnh lgt dsya vkf.k rs lkrR;kus iq<s pkyw jkfgya- R;kP;k ik;kykygkui.kh ykxysyh fHkaxjh vktgh osxkus /kkor vkgs-

izojkuxjyk vlrkuk ÅlrksM.kh dkexkjkacjkscj rks racwryk flusek ikgkrvls- brdap uOgs rj vxnh rek'kk ikgk;ykgh tkr vls- R;krya dkgh dGr ulyarjh lxGîkkacjkscj tk;yk] jek;yk R;kyk Qkj vkoMr vls- [kja Eg.kts ,dw.kpek.klka'kh laca/k tksMk;ph] R;kaP;kr felGk;ph R;kyk vkoM gksrhp- eko'îkkadMsjkgkr vlrkukgh R;kaP;k ukR;kr dks.kkdMs yXu vlsy vkf.k R;klkBh R;k fu?kkY;kdh 'kkafrykygh gVdwu R;kaP;kcjkscj tkr vls- R;kpk LoHkkop lxGîkkae/;s feGwufelGwu jkg.;kpk- ,d egÙokph] fo'ks"k xks"V R;kP;k LoHkkokr gksrh vxnhygkui.kkiklwup vkf.k rh Eg.kts dqBY;kgh xks"VhdMs] izlaxkdMs ldkjkRed n`"Vhusikg.ka- gs vla dk\ eyk gs te.kkj ukgh] vkrk dk; d:\ dla d:\ vlys iz'uR;kP;k eukyk f'korgh ulr- ;k R;kP;k LoHkkokeqGa rks lxGîkkauk vkoMr vlkok-

Lkkroh ikl >kY;koj ek= R;kpa R;kuap Bjoya & ?kjh jkgk;pa ukgh! &vkf.k BjoY;kizek.ks rks okxyk-

Hkkjrkrhy lokZr tkLr ekxklysY;k rkyqD;kaiSdh chM ftYgîkkrhy ,dikVksnk rkyqdk- Mksaxj ifjljkrya Mksaxjfd.kh gs ,d vfr'k; NksVla xko o R;k xkokrtUeysyk 'kkafryky- tUeY;kiklwu lgk efgU;kr vkbZpk e`R;w] vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrhvfr'k; csrkph] ?kjkr brj dks.khgh efgyk ukgh] ofMykapk LoHkko rkiV]dkedktkeqGs Mksaxjfd.khgwu izojkuxjyk LFkykarj- brD;k foijhr ifjfLFkrhr oladVkr fgaer ckGxwu Lor%P;k ik;koj mHka jkg.ka rla vo?kMp uOgs rj v'kD;pgksra- i.k 'kkafrykyus iq<hy vk;q";kr ;k v'kD;kps 'kD; d:u nk[kfoya-'kkafrykyus ;k ifjfLFkrhoj ;'kLohjhR;k ekr dsyh o ;krwu rks ckgsj iMyk Eg.kwuprks ns'kHkjkph fdrh eksBh vkOgkua isyw 'kdyk- ;kph chts R;kP;k ygkui.kkP;k ;kbfrgklkrp jksoysyh fnlwu ;srkr-

Eg.krkr uk ^eqykps ik; ikG.;kr fnlrkr* ;k Eg.khpk izR;;'kkafrykyP;k ygkui.kkrwu fl/n gksrks-

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chM ftYgîkkrY;k dMk ukokP;k xkoh 11 oh i;ZUr 'kkGk gksrh- vkf.k'kkGsyk tksMwu olfrx`gi.k gksra- R;k ^tSu cks…Mx* e/;s 'kkafrykyyk lgt izos'kfeGkyk- vkbZ ulysY;k kafrykye/kyh ftí] gq'kkjh vksG[kwu laLFkk pkydkauhcks…Mxe/;s R;kyk izos'k fnyk- cks…Mxe/;s iSlsgh Qkjp deh Hkjkos ykxr- R;k 'kkGsr'kkafrykypa 8 oh rs 11 oh Eg.kts eWfVªdi;ZUrp f'k{k.k >kya-

'kkafrykypa ?kj v'kkizdkjs t.kw lqVyap- 'kkGk vkf.k cks…Mx ,o<ap R;kpatx- fnokGhph] es efgU;kph lqV~Vh ykxyh rjh rks ?kjh tk;yk uk[kw"k vls- ukghEg.kk;yk eko'îkkadMs fdaok ukR;kr yXu vlsy rj frdMs dkgh fnolkaiqjrk tk;pk-dqekjo;kr vlrs r'kh caM[kksjh R;kP;kgh LoHkkokr gksrh- vH;klkr eu jerpuOgra- Eg.kts vH;kl dsyk rj vki.k pkaxys xq.k uDdhp feGow 'kdw vlk R;kykfo'okl okVk;pk- i.k - - - vH;kl dsyk rjph xks"V- brj eqykaph xf.kra lksMowu ns]R;kapk vH;kl iw.kZ d:u ns] x`gikB d:u ns vla dj.kkjk 'kkafryky Lor%P;kvH;klkP;k ckcrhr ek= vkG'khp gksrk- vH;klkis{kk brj xks"Vhr Eg.kts 'ksrkrHkVdk;yk tk.ks] xkokr fgaM.ks] xIik ekj.ks vkf.k eqykaP;k ckjhdlkjhd [kksMîkkdk<.ks gsp R;kyk vf/kd vkoMs- ;kcíy vusdnk R;kyk f'k{kkgh gksr vls-cks…MxP;k jsDVlZph] 'kkGsP;k eq[;k/;kidkaph f'kLr ,dne dMd gksrh- osGizlaxhR;kapk ekjgh [kkok ykxs- brdap uOgs rj ,dnk ikp caM[kksj eqykauk 'kkGsckgsj dk<yagksra vkf.k R;kr 'kkafrykypa uko vxzHkkxh gksra!

tSu cks…Mx gs fo'ks"kRokus vukFkkalkBh o xjtwalkBh gksrs- rs yksdkaP;knku/kekZP;k vkJ;koj pkyr vlY;kus laLFksyk iS'kkaph usgehp vko';drk Hkklrvls- vls iSls xksGk dj.;klkBh cks…Mxe/kyh yksda osxosxGîkk xkokyk tk;ph-R;kaP;kcjkscj 'kkafrykygh tkÅ ykxyk- vkf.k R;keqGs R;kP;ktoG iS'îkkabrdspeksykps vuqHkogh xksGk >kys- R;kP;krhy nkr`RokP;k ladYiuspk tUegh rsOgkp>kyk- pkaxY;k dkekyk iSls deh iMr ukghr vkf.k feGkysY;k iS'kkpk okijlektkdfjrk dsyk rj R;kpk lxGîkkaukp Qk;nk gksrks] gs rÙo udGr R;kP;k eukr:tya-

;k cks…Mxe/;s nqljh ,d izFkk gksrh- tSu lektkrhy Jhear dqVqackrY;kyXukaP;k tso.kkoGhr cks…Mxe/khy eqya ok<I;kpa dke djk;ph- dkj.k R;kosGhdsVjj flfLVe uOgrh- gs dke djk;yk osxosxGîkk xkokauk tkoa ykxs- gk izokl ,l-

'k

2 : ~rO - gm_y{hH$ {ddmh g§H$ënZoM§

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Vh-us djkok ykxs- rsOgkps jLrs vkrklkj[ks uOgrs- ek= R;k osMîkkokdMîkk oG.kkaP;k]nxMxksVîkkaP;k jLR;kauh] R;kojP;k izoklkus 'kkafrykyyk thoukP;k izoklkph dYiukfnyh- jk=h&vijk=hP;k izoklkus R;kph va/kkjk'kh eS=h >kyh- i.k ;kp va/kkjkrwufu?k.kkjh lw;kZph & vk'ksph & fdj.ks m|k fnl.kkj vkgsrp ;k fopkjkus okgukP;k[kM[kMkVkrgh rks >ksih tkr vls- R;keqGs 'kkGkgh cqMr vls- R;kosGh yXukpadkWUVªWDV ns.ka] ok<ih] vkpkjh osxGs use.ka v'kh i/nr uOgrh- 'kkafryky yXukP;ktso.kkoGhr ok<k;yk vkotwZu tkr vls- gs dke R;kua cks…Mxe/;s vlrkuk Eg.ktspkj o"ksZ dsya- R;kosGh R;kyk brds osxosxGs vuqHko vkys] [kwi c?kk;yk] f'kdk;ykfeGkya dh ts vkti;ZUr rks fol: 'kdr ukgh- gkp R;kP;k vk;q";kryk ^V…uxikWb±V* Bjyk-

R;kua JhearkaP;k yXukr Jhearh rj ikfgyhp] i.k R;kp yXukr R;kuaxfjchgh frrD;kp toGwu ifgyh- izd"kkZua ,d xks"V R;kyk vxnh ckspyh- Eg.ktsT;k ?kjkr ok<k;yk tk;pa frFks R;kpk laca/k vf/kdrj [kkyP;k yksdka'kh Eg.kts?kjkrY;k uksdj&pkdjka'kh] Lo;aikd dj.kkÚ;ka'kh] LoPNrk dj.kkÚ;ka'kh ;sr vls-vkf.k R;k ?kjpa ehB [kkÅugh gh eaMGh vkiY;k ekydkyk [kwi ukoa Bsohr- R;kapaEg.k.ka vls] vkiyh ekydeaMGh fdrh vQkV iSlk ;k yXukaoj [kpZ djrkr & ;kphdkgh xjt vkgs dk\ iS'îkkijh iSlk rj ok;k tkrksp i.k] vUuinkFkZ rj izpaM izek.kkrok;k tkrkr] dsjkr tkrkr- ;kaP;k ,dk yXukr vtwu ngk rjh yXu gksrhy! v'kkizdkjph Vhdk 'kkafrykyyk ,sdk;yk feGs- ?kja cnyyh rjh lkj[kh rhp rhp okD;a,sdwu rks vareZq[k gksÅ ykxyk- ;k eaMGhaizek.ks R;kpagh er cuw ykxya- JhearkaukvkiY;kdMP;k yXukr iSls [kpZ dj.;kph gkSlp okVr vls- yXulekjaHkkdMsc?k.;kpk izR;sdkpk n`f"Vdksu osxGk vls- i.k 'kkafryky ygku vlwu] vkf.k brD;kxaHkhji.ks fopkj dj.;kpa R;kpa o; ulwugh ;k yXulekjaHkkadMs xaHkhji.ks ikgwykxyk- gk vlk [kpZ VkG.;klkBh dk; djrk ;sbZy\ gk iz'u R;k ckyo;kr R;kP;keukr [kksyoj :rwu clyk vkf.k iq<s - -

[kja rj 'kkGsr naxk djk;pa R;kpa o;- rlk rks djhrgh vls- i.k f'k{kdkapk/kkdgh R;kyk okVs- f'k{kdkapagh R;kP;koj izse gksra- rs R;kyk vH;kl djk;yklkaxk;ps- Eg.kk;ps] ^vjs] rw FkksMk tjh vH;kl dsykl rjh rqyk iqjslk vkgs] pkaxysxq.k feGow 'kd'khy & rw pkaxyh ^vkX;qZesaVl~* djrksl rdZlaxr cksyrksl] - - -odhy gks'khy pkaxyk* i.k f'k{kdkauk eku ns.kkÚ;k 'kkafrykyyk R;kapa lkax.ka eukoj?;k;yk vkoMr uls- R;kyk 'kkL=fo"k;kph Qkj'kh vkoM uOgrh- HkkSfrdjlk;u'kkL=kis{kk lekteu ?kMfo.kkÚ;k bfrgkl] ukxfjd'kkL=] lekt'kkL=kph xksMhgksrh- xf.kr fo"k; ek= R;kP;k vkoMhpk & pkaxyk gksrk - - - i.k y{kkr dks.k ?ksrks!

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cks…Mxe/khy dkgh eqys pkaxyh gksrh- tSu iaFkkP;k uhrhfu;ekaps ikyu frFkspkaxY;kizdkjs dsys tkbZ- 'kkafryky R;kr ek= vkotwZu Hkkx ?ksbZ- R;kyk rls okxk;ykvkoMr vls- ygkui.kh ikfgysY;k ^nqfu;knkjh* pk Blk ;qodkr :ikarj gks.kkÚ;k'kkafrykyoj meVysyk gksrk- tSu rÙoKkukpk ifj.kke R;kP;k eukoj gksr gksrk-fo'ks"kr% tx.;kbrD;kp xks"Vhapk laxzg ¼vifjxzg½] lerksy eukpk ¼lE;d½ vkf.k^vfgalspk* ifjp; R;kyk lk/kqauh dsysY;k izopukrwu gksr gksrk- i.k ,d xks"V ek=eqykaP;k ekukus tkpd okVs- cks…Mxe/;s ldkGh uk'rk fnyk tkbZ- i.k rks vxnhekstdkp vls- ex nqikjh nhM oktrk tso.k- vkf.k yxsp la/;kdkGh lkMsikp oktrkjk=hps tso.k vls- R;kuarj toGtoG vBjk rklkauh ldkGpk uk'rk-

ok<R;k o;krY;k ;k eqykauk jk=hp Hkwd vukoj gksbZ- ex R;kauh fujfujkGîkk;qDR;k 'kks/kk;yk lq#okr dsyh- cks…MxP;k vktwcktwyk 'ksra gksrh- R;k 'ksrkr clwudPpa lkfgR; oki:u djrk ;s.;ktksxs inkFkZ djk;ps- frFks [kk;ps vkf.k excks…Mxe/;s ;sÅu >ksiwu tk;pa- - - - ukghrj d/kh d/kh 'kkGsleksjP;k d¡fVue/kY;kinkFkk±uk iksVkr Vkdk;pa- i.k gs d/kh d/kh m?kMdhyk ;sr vls- vkf.k R;keqGsR;kfno'kh inkFkk±,soth ekj ^[kk;yk* feGr vls- ,dk [kksyhr ia/kjkohl eqya jkgkr-tfeuhoj ,d xknh ¼iyax oxSjs ukgh½] frP;k 'kstkjh ,d i«;kph isVh >kya ,o<aplkeku- ek= Mkl] <sdw.k ;kaph v[kaM lkscr gksrhp- [kksyhr uqlrk xMcM xksa/kGpkyr vls- th eqya ?kjP;kappa ,sd.;kP;k iyhdMs xsysyh vlr R;kauk ?kjpscks…Mxe/;s vk.kwu Vkdr! ngk&ohl VDds eqya 'kkar vlr-

'kkafryky ;k v'kk eqykacjkscj jkgkr gksrk- R;kykgh d/kh d/kh ekj cls-R;keqGs dkghosGh [kwi okbZV okVs- ex v'kk fujk'ksP;k Hkjkr rks ?kjh iGwu ;k;pk-d/kh vkR;k & eko'khdMs tk;pk- i.k ex jktey R;kyk ijr cks…Mxe/;s lksMwu ;srvls- ,o<s gksÅugh 'kkafryky dks.kR;kgh oxkZr d/kh ukikl >kyk ukgh- rks 'ksoVP;kfnolkr Eg.kts ijh{ksP;k vk/kh dkgh fnol vH;klkyk ykxr vls vkf.k pDdiklgh gksr vls- R;kpa f'k{kdkauk] ukrsokbdkauk dkSrqd okVr vls-

cks…Mxe/;s tSu /kekZP;k lk/kqlarkapa cjap ;s.katk.ka vls- vls vusd lk/kqlar'kkafrykyyk ikgk;yk feGkys- R;kyk R;kaP;k n'kZukyk tk;yk vkoMr vls-^larkapk lax* ykHk.ks] tSu /kekZP;k rÙokaps ikyu dj.ks] /kkfeZd dk;kZr Hkkx ?ks.ks gs'kkafrykyyk eukiklwu vkoMr vls- vtwugh vkoMrs- i.k Eg.kwu iwtk&vpkZ]deZdkaM ;kr ek= R;kyk vftckr xksMh uOgrh-

o;kP;k 13&17 o"kk±i;ZUr loZlk/kkj.kr% eqya vkiya eWfVªdi;ZUrp f'k{k.klqqyHkrsus ?ksr vlrkr- ts f'k{k.k ?ksÅ 'kdr ukghr rs ?kjP;k yksdkacjkscj dkekykykxrkr- ijarq 'kkafrykyyk lgtrsus f'k{k.kgh ?ksrk vkya ukgh dh fcukf'k{k.kkpa?kjkr dkegh djrk vkya ukgh- ;k o;kr cks…MxlkBh iSls ekxk;yk ckgsjxkoh tkÅu

7

iSls vk.k.ks] cks…Mxe/;s vlrkuk yXukr ok<ih Eg.kwu brj fo|kF;kZacjkscj tkÅu]pkj o"ksZ v'kk izdkjpa dke lkrR;kus djk;yk ykx.ks o v'kk izdkjps dke djrkukloZlkekU; turs'kh brD;k ygku o;kr okx.;kph la/kh T;kyk feGkyh o R;keqGsR;k la/khpk mi;ksx d:u ?ksÅu iw.kZ lektkph lektjpukp cnyyh tkÅ 'kdsybrD;k eksBîkk dkekph ikGaeqGa brD;k ygku o;kr R;kP;kr :tyh xsyh-yXudk;kZoj gks.kkÚ;k [kpkZoj fopfyr >kY;kus lkewfgd fookgkps cht gs vkBohb;Rrsr f'kdr vlrkukP;k o;kr R;k ok<k;yk tk.;kP;k izfØ;se/kwu ?kqlGwu fu?kkysgksrs- R;keqGs lkewfgd fookg ;k ,dk NksVîkk dk;kZus lq#okr gksÅu frps :ikarj ,dkns'kHkjkP;k pGoGhr gksÅ 'kdys] v'kk ;k pGoGhps cht bFks lkiMrs-

eksBsi.kh 'kkafrykyus lkekftd dk;Z djrkuk dks.kkdMwugh iSlk ?;ko;kpkukgh gk ?ksrysyk fu.kZ; dnkfpr ygkui.kh cks…MxlkBh iSlk xksGk djrkuk vkysY;kvuqHkoke/;s rj nMysyk ukgh uk\ gkgh iz'u fuekZ.k gksrks- ,dw.kp brD;k ygkuo;kr vkysY;k foy{k.k vuqHkokaeqGsp 'kkafryky thoukr le`/n >kyk-

8

'kkafryky 1972 e/;s 11 ohph ijh{kk ikl >kyk- tSu lektkr R;kosGheqykauk vftckr f'kdor uOgrs- dkj.k ikjaifjd O;olk; ygku o;kiklwu lq: dj.ksgh t.kw izFkkp gksrh- 'kkafryky 11 oh >kyk- ijarq R;kP;k ifjokjkr o brjukR;kxksR;kr 11 oh i;ZUrgh dks.kh f'kdysya uOgra- R;keqGs lkgftdp 11 oh uarj'kkafrykyyk ?kjh tkÅu vkiya nqdku lkaHkkG.ks] ;kf'kok; nqljk i;kZ; f'kYyduOgrk- 11 oh i;ZUr cks…Mxe/;s vusd eqykaph ?kV~V eS=h >kyh gksrh- lok±uk vkrkvki.k osxGs gksÅu vkivkiY;k ?kjh dke/ka|kyk ykx.kkj ;kpa nq%[k gksra-'kkafrykyus ,d ;qDrh dk<yh- tj vki.k ikl >kysyks vkgksr rj ;sFkwu iq<svkiY;kyk vk;q";Hkj dke/kankp djko;kpk vlsy rj vki.k ,d o"kZ vkiY;kvk;q";ke/;s [kwi etk d:] ,atkW; d: o ex dke/ka|kyk ykxw- i.k gs dj.kkj dla\'kkafrykyus lkafxrya vki.k ikl >kysyks vkgksrp] rj dkWystP;k ifgY;k o"kkZykuxjyk izos'k ?ksÅ o izR;sdkus vkivkiY;k ?kjh vla lkaxk;pa dh ekÖ;k loZ fe=kauhuxjyk dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksryk vkgs- vlk ;qfDrokn d:u lok±uh ,d o"kZf'kd.;kph ijokuxh feGfoyh o ;k loZ xzqius uxjyk firGs tSu cks…Mxe/;s izos'kfeGfoyk-

izsejkt lkjMk dkWyste/;s ,Q-ok;-ch-dkWe-lkBh 'kkafrykyus izos'k ?ksryk-loZp xzqi dMk cks…MxP;k [kwi eksBîkk ca/kukrwu iw.kZi.ks eqDr >kyk o ?kjP;kaP;kghca/kukrwu eqDr gksÅu ,d o"kkZlkBh ts vkiY;kyk okVsy rs dj.;kP;k n`"Vhus eksdkVlqVyk- dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksryk t:j] i.k efgU;krwu ,[kkn&nqljk fnolghdkWyste/;s tk.;kph bPNk ;k eqykauk gksr uls- fnolHkjkpk dk;ZØe Eg.ktsldkGiklwu osxosxGîkk Hkkxkr HkVdarh dj.ks] flusek ikg.ks] lgyh dk<.ks] HkjiwjxIikxks"Vh dj.ks] nqlÚ;kP;k mBkBsoh dj.ks] fVaxyVokGh dj.ks o [kÚ;k vFkkZusthoukpk vkuan yqV.ks- o"kZHkj lkrR;kus ;kp xks"Vh djhr djhr ijh{ksP;k vk/kh ,defgukHkj loZt.k xaHkhj >kys-

,d= ;sÅu vkrk vkivkiY;k ?kjh tk.;kph osG toG vkyh vkgs] ;kojppkZ d: ykxys- xkokdMs ?kjkr o nqdkukr clwu 18 rkl ca/kukr jkgwu dkedj.;kis{kk gk vuqHko [kwip osxGk gksrk- rlsgh tSu lektkr f'k{k.kkyk tkLr egÙouOgrs- ijarq ijh{ksP;k vk/kh ,d efgukHkj lok±uh fopkj dsyk dh vki.k lok±xh.kvkgksr] gq'kkj vkgksr rj ex vki.k ,d pWysat Lohdkjya ikfgts dh ,d efgU;kP;kvH;klkr vki.k ikl gksÅ 'kdrks dk\gk iz;ksx vki.k lok±uh d:u ikgkok dk\gsvkOgku Eg.kwu izR;sdkus Lohdkjk;ps dk\;koj lok±ps ,der >kys-

ex dk; loZp xks"Vh cktwyk BsÅu uohu iqLrda fodr ?ksryh- ijh{ksr;s.kkjs laHkkO; iz'u o R;kph mRrjs ;kphgh osxosxGh iqLrds vk.kwu izR;sdkus vfr'k;xkaHkh;kZus vH;kl dsyk- 24 rklkaiSdh 18&20 rkl jkst vH;kl dj.;kpk foØe

3 : nT>mB© H$s bT>mB©

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eksMyk vkf.k ijh{kk fnyh- lqnSokus dsoG ,d efgU;kP;k vH;klkr loZp xzqilgtxR;k ikl >kyk- ;k lokZauk vk'p;Z okVys- ;keqGs HkkjrkP;k f'k{k.k i/nrhoj[kwi eksBa iz'ufpUg fuekZ.k djkoa dh vkiY;k cqf/neRrspk gk fot; vkgs vla letkoa;kpk myxMk gksr uOgrk-

vlks- ikl >kY;keqGs ;k lok±pk vkRefo'okl] mRlkg gk [kwi ok<yk ovkrk vki.k dkghgh d: 'kdrks vls ;k lok±uk okVw ykxys- rjhlq/nk vkrkvkiY;kyk ijr xkokdMs tkos ykxsy ;kph fparkgh okVw ykxyh- ijarq lok±uh Bjoyadh vki.k dMîkko:u uxjyk vkyks] ,d o"kZ bFks pkaxya ?kkyoya] vkrk ,d o"kZ iq.ks;sFks vuqHko ?ksÅ o ex xkokdMs tkÅ- Eg.kts bFksgh f'k{k.kkis{kk xkokdMs tk.;kphvks< tkLr fnlrs- ijarq iq.;kpk vuqHko ?;kok ;klkBh ,der >kya- loZt.k iq.;kyktkÅu /kMdys- egkfo|ky; 'kks/k.;kiklwu] cks…Mx 'kks/k.;kiklwu loZp ckchizR;sdkyk vkivkiY;k i/nrhus djkO;k ykxr- ;ke/;s dks.kkpsgh ekxZn'kZu feGkysukgh-

brD;k deh o;kr thoukps egÙokps fu.kZ; lgtrsus ?ks.ks] Lor%gwu izR;sdckcrhrwu jLrk dk<.ks] izR;sd fBdk.kh tkÅu pkSdl cq/nhus ekfgrh ?ks.ks] vlsvla[; xq.k brD;k deh o;kr eksBîkk izek.kkr vuqHkork vkys- R;krwup eqykapkvkRefo'okl ok<r vlrks- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks vki.k vkiY;k eqykauk [kwip ekxZn'kZudjhr vlrks] [kwi dkGth ?ksr vlrks] R;kaP;k eukoj vkiys fopkj yknr vlrks] gstjh vki.k pkaxY;k Hkkousus djhr vlyks rjh ;keqGs R;kaP;ke/;s vlysY;k {kersyknkc.;kpk iz;Ru vki.k djhr ukgh dk\;kpk fopkj ikydkauh ;k mnkgj.kko:udj.ks vko';d vkgs vls okVrs-

1974 lkyh iq.;kr vkY;koj 'kkafrykyus iq.;kbrda eksBa 'kgj R;kP;kvk;q";kr izFkep cf?krya- chM ftYgîkkrhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkr jkg.kkjk] frFksp FkksMaf'kdysyk eqyxk brD;k eksBîkk 'kgjkr ,dVk vkY;kuarj R;kyk vk'p;Z gks.kaLokHkkfod gksra- iq.;krY;k map bekjrh] eksB&eksBs jLrs] osxosxGs flusek fFk,VlZ]pkaxY;k flVh clsl] vla[; izdkjP;k eksVkjh] lk;dyh] izpaM eksBa 'kgj] jLrs rjhyksdkauk dls dGr vlrhy ;kpk laHkze] eksB&eksBs dkj[kkus] cxhps] [kwi eksBhegkfo|ky;s] R;kr izos'k ?ks.kkjh eqya&eqyh] R;kaP;k os'kHkw"kk] ds'kHkw"kk] O;fDreÙo]QkMQkM baxzth cksy.;kph lo;] eqykae/;s fgIihdVph izFkk- R;keqGs eqya&eqyh,d= cksyrkuk ikBhekxwu ikfgya dh eqyka&eqyhae/khy Qjd dGr uls- vusd eqyhdkj pkyor egkfo|ky;ke/;s vkY;kuarj R;kaP;kdMs 'kkafryky ^vk* d:u c?krvls- dkj.k R;kus xkokdMs eqyhauk MksD;koj Hkkdjh ?ksÅu fdaok dejsoj gaMk ?ksÅutkrkuk cf?krysys gksrs-

ijarq [ksMîkkr o 'kgjkr eksBk Qjd vkgs- thou'kSyhr fdrh eksBk Qjdvkgs] vkfFkZdn`"Vîkk fdrh eksBh fo"kerk vkgs ;k loZ xks"Vhaph Hkh"k.krk 'kkafrykyykxzklw ykxyh- ;k loZ ckchapk [kwi eksBk izHkko fd'kksjo;krhy 'kkafrykyoj iMyk-R;kyk dkgh lqpsukls >kys- dkWyste/;s ik;tek ?kkywu tkoa rjh dla vlk iz'u iMwykxyk- vkiY;kdMs c?kwu 'kgjh eaMGh vkiY;kyk glrkr gk HkkokFkZ u

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dG.;kbrdk rks ew[kZ uOgrk- R;kyk gs lxGa pØkowu lksM.kkja gksra- v'kk izlaxhnksup xks"Vh ?kMw 'kdrkr- ,d rj ;k lok±P;k izHkkokrwu ek.kwl Lor%pk LokfHkekulksMw 'kdrks] R;kP;koj ekufld ifj.kke gksÅ 'kdrks- ijarq nqljgh ,d gksÅ 'kdradh ;k loZ izHkkokpk FkaM MksD;kus fopkj d: 'kd.ks] FkksMk osG tkÅ ns.ks] Lor%pkvkRefo'okl ok<fo.ks- v'kk izdkjP;k gk;Qk; eqyka'kh laidZ ok<fo.ks]R;kaP;kcjkscj dkgh xks"Vh dj.;kpk iz;Ru dj.ks] vkRefo'oklus ifjfLFkrhyk lkeksjstk.;kps y{; Bso.ks] ,d&,d ik;jh iq<s tk.ks] ;k nksu xks"Vh ?kMw 'kdrkr-'kkafryky ;k nqlÚ;k izdkjkr clra gksrk- lq#okrhyk R;kyk 2&3 efgus [kwi tMxsys- iq.ka lksMwu xkoh tkoa o vkiyk /kank c?kkok vla okVw ykxya- i.k R;kP;kpanqlÚ;k eukuh ;k ifjfLFkrhpk vkRefo'oklkus eqdkcyk dsyk ikfgts vla Bklwulkafxrya-

'kkafryky 'kgjh eqykae/;s felGk;yk ykxyk- 3&4 efgU;krp loZvuqHkokauarj R;kyk vla okVk;yk ykxya] dnkfpr gh 'kgjh eqya [kwi pkaxys diMs?kkyw 'kdr vlrhy] pkaxys fnlrgh vlrhy] QkMQkM baxzth cksyr vlrhy]pkaxY;kizdkjs fgIihdV d:u R;kaps dsl pkaxys fnlrgh vlrhy- ijarq R;kaP;kdslkP;k vkrhy Mksda o R;kaph fopkjiz.kkyh ;kr vki.k deh ukgh- vki.k R;kaukojp< B: vlk vkRefo'okl 'kkafrykye/;s fuekZ.k >kyk- ;k fBdk.kh ,d xks"VvkotZwu lkaxkfo'kh okVrs] tj dk ,[kk|ke/;s v'kk osxosxGîkk izlaxkdMs ikgwuR;koj ekr dj.;kph 'kDrh o vkRefo'okl tkxk >kyk vlsy rj rks ek.kwl [kwieksBîkk izek.kkoj dke d: 'kdrks o dks.kR;kgh fcdV ifjfLFkrhoj ekr d: 'kdrks-;klkBh [ksMa o 'kgj] lqf'kf{kr o vf'kf{kr] isgjko] O;fDreÙo] ds'kHkw"kk] Hkk"kkv'kk loZ xks"Vh cktwyk jkgrkr vkf.k ftí o vkRefo'oklkus ek.kwl ;k loZ ckchaojekr d:u iq<s tkÅ 'kdrks- ;kpa Toyar mnkgj.k Eg.kts 'kkafrykyus iq.;kr dsysykizos'k o R;krwu ?ksrysyk vuqHko] fuekZ.k >kysyk U;wuxaM] R;koj dsysyh ekr]R;kuarj lkrR;kus oj tk.;klkBh okijysyh f'kMh gh xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy mPpf'k{k.kklkBh 'kgjkr ;s.kkÚ;k eqyk&eqyhalkBh fuf'prp izsj.kknk;h] vk'kkoknh oegÙokph Bjsy v'kh vkgs-

;k loZ ifjfLFkrhpk 'kkafrykyus lkeuk dsysyk vlY;keqGs ;koj xIi uclrk eksBk >kY;kuarj xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy ;k eqykauk 'kgjh HkkxkP;k U;wuxaMkyk rksaMns.;klkBh R;kus ,d rklkph ,d fQYe r;kj dsyh- R;kpa uko vkgs ^i<kbZ dhy<kbZ*- ;kpkp vFkZ Lor%yk T;k vla[; vMp.kh vkY;k R;k nqlÚ;kyk ;sÅ u;sro R;k ifjfLFkrhyk dls lkeksjs tkos ;klkBhph fQYe r;kj d:u R;k}kjs eqykapkvkRefo'okl ok<foyk gh fdrh eksBh foy{k.k xks"V vkgs- ;ko:u 'kkafrykypsvusd xq.k leksj ;srkr- R;kus QDr iq.;kr izos'kp ?ksryk ukgh rj vusd uouos fe=xksGk dsys] fe=kapk laxzg ok<foyk] lkekftd dk;kZr Hkkx ?ksÅ ykxyk]lk/kq&larkaP;k pkrqekZlke/;s lfØ; lgHkkx ?ksryk- cksyrk cksyrk [ksMîkkrY;k ;keqykus 'kgjke/;s Lor%pa vfLrRo fuekZ.k dj.;kpk ;'kLoh iz;Ru dsyk- ijarq R;kusdkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksrysyk gksrk gs foljrk dkek u;s- R;keqGs o"kZHkj loZ ckgsjph

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myVh&lqyVh dkea o lok±'kh laidZ djrk djrk iqUgk ijh{ksP;k vk/kh ,d efguk rks,dne xaHkhj >kyk- ijarq ;kosGh R;kpa xaHkhj gks.ka FkksMa osxGa gksra- ekxhy o"khZ uxj;sFks ijh{ksP;k ,d efguk vk/kh rsFkwu ijr xkokdMs tk.;klanHkkZr R;kP;k MksD;krdYiuk gksrh- ijarq iq.ks ;sFks rks osxGîkk i/nrhus xaHkhj >kyk- R;kus Bjoya dh vkrk ehxkokdMs tk.kkj ukgh- ijarq tj ijh{ksr ikl >kyks rjp iq<pa o"kZ jkgk;yk feGsy ;kfparsus rks xzklyk- Eg.kwu R;k 'ksoVP;k ,d efgU;kr R;kus brdk eu ykowu vH;kldsyk dh vk'p;Z Eg.kts rks ,Q-ok;-ch-dkWe-ph ijh{kk vxnh lgt ikl >kyk-;ke/;s nksu xks"Vh vk<Grkr- ijh{ksP;k ,d efguk vk/kh vH;kl dsyk rjh vki.kikl gksÅ 'kdrks- nqlja Eg.kts ijes'ojkphp bPNk vlsy dh ;kua ikl Ogkoa! ijarq ;knksUgh xks"Vhapk ifj.kke Eg.kwup rks ikl >kyk gs uDdh-

'kkafryky gksrkp /kMiMîkk- R;kus ikl >kY;kuarj xjokjs dkWyst lksMwu ch-,e-lh-lh- dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksryk- iqUgk ekxP;k o"kkZph fnup;kZ pkyw Bsoyh-vk.k[kh tkLr vuqHko ?ksr xsyk- ;kosGh R;kus ,dk efgU;kr vdkÅaVUlh fo"k;kpkvH;kl gksr ukgh R;klkBh Dykl ykoyk- ijarq rks dkWystyk d/khp gtj jkgkr uls-loZ xks"Vhaph iqujko`Rrh gksÅu 1976 yk ch-,e-lh-lh- dkWyste/kwu 'kkafryky ch-dkWe- >kyk-

,[kk|k fo|kF;kZP;k vk;q";kr brds osxosxGs o xaHkhj iz'u fuekZ.k gksrvlrkr- R;krwu fo|kF;k±uk ;k ifjfLFkrhoj ekr dj.;kP;klanHkkZr T;k vla[;vMp.kh ;srkr R;k letwu ?ks.;kph izfØ;k] R;k lksMfo.;kph izfØ;k vkiY;kdMsdeh izek.kkr gksrs- Eg.kwu Qkj deh yksd mPp f'k{k.kkP;k njoktki;ZUr tkÅ'kdrkr- 'kkafrykyyk usgeh vk'p;Z okVs dh] dkWystpk vH;klØe gk tj ,defgU;kr vH;kl d:u fo|kFkhZ ikl gksr vlsy rj R;k fo|kF;kZps 11 efgus ok;k dktkosr ;k iz'ukpa mRrj R;kyk lkiMr uls-

;k loZ izdj.kkrwu 'kkafrykye/;s vl.kkjs fdrhrjh xq.k ckgsj ;srkr-vk'kkoknh] ldkjkRed n`f"Vdksu] brjka'kh feGwu&felGwu okx.kkjk] fu.kZ; ?ks.;kps/kS;Z] vkRefo'oklkph f'kMh] ukgh u Eg.k.;kph i/nr] nqlÚ;kP;k xks"Vh letwu?ks.;kph ftKklk] vkiY;ke/;s vlysY;k {kersojpk vkRefo'okl] fe=kapa tkGail:u R;kaP;k'kh laca/k fuekZ.k dj.;kph {kerk] nqlÚ;kP;k iz'ukrwu ekxZ dk<.;kpho`Rrh] [ksMîkkrhy eqykauk iq<s vk.k.;kph izo`Rrh] ?kjP;kaP;k ekxZn'kZukf'kok; /kkMlkuaiq<s tk.;kph fgEer] f'k{k.k i/nrhoj ekr dj.;kps dkS'kY;] brjkaP;k lks;hlkBh^i<kbZ dh y<kbZ* gh fQYe r;kj d:u brjkauk iq<s vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru] le; lwpdrk]deh vH;klkr ikl gks.;kpa dkS'kY;] fdrhgh fVaxyVokGîkk dsY;k rjhghuhfrewY;kaph ti.kwd] lkekftd dk;kZr fgfjjhus Hkkx ?ks.;kph dyk bR;knh vusdosxosxGîkk izdkjps xq.k vfr'k; deh o;kr izR;{kkr okij.;kpk o rs ;'kLohdj.;kpk iz;ksx gk [kwi eksBk foy{k.k ;ksxk;ksx vkgs vlsp okVrs-

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iq.;krhy fQjksfn;k gksLVsye/;s jkgkr vlrkuk 'kkafrykyph gksLVsye/khy'ksdMks eqyka'kh] gksLVsy ckgsjhy dkWystP;k vla[; eqyka'kh nksLrh >kyh gksrh- rjdkWyst ckgsj tSu lektkP;k fofo/k lekjaHkkr dke dj.;kph la/kh feGkY;kus iq.ks'kgjkrhy tSu lektkrhy eqyka'khgh nksLrh >kyh- v'kk osxosxGîkk vla[; yksdkaukgkrkGr vlrkuk izR;sdkpk n`f"Vdksu] {kerk] fopkjlj.kh] LoHkko] ik=rk] osxosxGhvlrs gs R;kP;k y{kkr vkya- dks.kR;kgh izdkjP;k O;DrhP;k iksVkr ?kqlwu R;kpa euftad.;kph vn~Hkqr dyk 'kkafrykye/;s gksrh- tjh njo"khZ olfrx`gkr 'ksdMks eqyajkgkr vlyh rjh R;krhy 5&10 eqya gh 'kkafrykyph fe= Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkrvlr- rs Eg.kts iz'kkar xka/kh] v'kksd NktsM] xkSre eaMyspk] lqokyky pksjfM;k]v'kksd tSu] fot; ikj[k] dkarhyky ikj[k] fxjh'k xknh;k] ykypan HkqjV] vftrlqjiqjh;k v'kh vusd ukoa lkaxrk ;srhy-

;k dkyko/khr 'kkafryky gksLVsyP;k eqykaph Vªhi dk<.ks] pkrqekZlkP;k osGhLor% 5&7 miokl d:u brjkauk miokl dj.;kph izsj.kk ns.ks] osxosxGîkk Li/kkZae/;slgHkkx ?ks.ks] ,[kk|k ?kMysY;k ?kVusoj oknfookn dj.ks] ,desdkaP;k lq[knq%[kkrlgHkkxh gks.ks] dkWyste/khy fo|kF;k±cjkscj oxkZckgsj dV~V;koj clwu eLrh dj.ks]Hkkoh vk;q";kP;k dYiuk letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dj.ks v'kk osxosxGîkk dkekae/;siq<kdkj ?ksbZ-

tSu lektkP;k osxosxGîkk lkekftd & /kkfeZd dk;kZr fgfjjhua Hkkx ?ksrvlrkuk iq.;krhy tSu lektkps yksd dls vkgsr] R;kaph dke dj.;kph i/nr]R;kapk O;olk;] R;kaph dk;Zdw'kyrk] rRijrk] dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dj.;kph {kerk]R;krhy ckjdkos] dk;ZØekr dk;ZdrkZ Eg.kwu Hkkx ?ksryk vlY;keqGs ,df=r dkedj.;kph lo;] R;keqGs okV.kkjk ,dksik ;kpa fujh{k.k dsya- dk;ZØe ;'kLoh>kY;koj R;kaP;k eukyk gks.kkjk vkuan] tSu lektkrhy ofj"B eaMGh o usR;kapsn`f"Vdksu] fo"k; gkrkG.;kph R;kaph i/nr] R;kaps vkilke/;s NksVîkk NksVîkkdkj.kko:u gks.kkjs mxz erHksn R;kaps ifj.kke gs y{kkr vkya- pkrqekZl fufeRr gks.kkjhlk/kq&larkaph izopus] R;krwu yksdkauk feG.kkjh izsj.kk] lk/kq&larkaP;k [kMrj v'kkthou'kSyheqGs ,[kknh pkaxyh O;Drh lk/kq&lk/oh curs o [kMrj thou txrs] gslxGa c?kr vlrkuk R;kpa okV.kkja eksBa dkSrqd vls vla[; vuqHko ;sr vlr-

[kk.;kfi.;kP;k n`"Vhus olfrx`gkr esl vls- ,[kknk eqykapk xqzi eslpkyfo.;kph tckcnkjh ?ksbZ- 'kkafrykyyk ;kph eksBh gkSl- vusd osGk eslpkyfo.;kps dke rks Lor%P;k vaxkoj ?ksr vls- fdrhgh EgVya rjh ?kjkP;k ckgsjvlY;keqGs ?kjP;k vUukyk eqd.ks LokHkkfod gksrs- d/kh d/kh olfrx`gkrhy eqyaxkokdMwu ;srkuk dkgh [kk;yk vk.kr fdaok R;kaps ukrsokbZd ?k:u ;srkuk dkgh[kk;yk vk.kr- R;k fno'kh 'kkafryky R;k eqykdMs tkÅu [kk.;kps inkFkZ ckgsj dk<s-

4 : dg{VJ¥h - OrdZmMr H$m`©emim

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nj jfookjh estokuh vlrkuk 'kkafryky osxosxGîkk izdkjs [kk.;kP;k 'k;Zrh ykos-50&50 xqykctke o 30&40 ÝqVlykMP;k okVîkk 'k;Zrhe/;s lgt QLr dsY;ktkr- v'kk loZ izfØ;kr R;kyk tkLr vkuan feGr vls- cÚ;kp osGk jk=h 10&11oktY;kuarj MsDduyk xqMyd pkSdkr tkÅu xje&xje Hkth ?ks.ks o 2&4 rklxIik ekj.ks gk fu;fer Øe vls- fØdsV] [kks&[kks] dcM~Mh] ckLdsVckWy gs [ksG'kkafryky d/khp [ksGyk ukgh- i.k dWje] iRrs ;k nksugh xks"Vhr rks olfrx`gkrfoØe eksMr vls-

iq.;ke/;s brjgh tSu olfrx`g gksrh- egkohj tSu gksLVsy] ,p-,u-Mh-gksLVsy- 'kkafryky ;k loZ olfrx`gkrhy fo|kF;k±uk ,d= djhr vls- R;kaP;kcjkscjhus vusd dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh dsyh tkr vls- ;k loZ ckcharwu 'kkafrykypktulaidZ vf/kdkf/kd nkaMxk gksÅ ykxyk- laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkrhy o Hkkjrkrhy tSulektkrhy yksd R;kaP;k eqyhalkBh yXuk;ksX; eqyxk 'kks/k.;klkBh iq.;kr ;srvlr- v'kk osGh ;k rhugh olfrx`gkr 500 is{kk vf/kd eqya f'kdr vlY;keqGsiq.ks 'kgjkrhy eqya c?kwu >kY;koj v'kk lxGîkk o/kqfiR;kapk ;k olfrx`gkae/khy eqyac?k.;kpk tkLr dy vls- ijarq rsFks R;kapk dks.kk'khgh laidZ uls- rs olfrx`gkrvkY;koj tks dks.kh eqyxk HksVsy R;kauk 'ksoVP;k o"kkZr f'kd.kkÚ;k eqykacíy ekfgrhd'kh feGsy gs fopkjr fdaok fQjksfn;k gksLVsyps ikaMksck gs jsDVj gksrs] R;kauk rs gkiz'u fopkjhr- izR;sd osGh loZ yksdkauk ,dp mRrj fnys tkbZ- [kksyh ua- 27 e/;s'kkafryky eqFFkk vkgs- rs rqEgkyk ikfgts rs iRrs nsÅ 'kdrhy- laiya] v'kk yksdkaP;k'kkafrykydMs jkaxk ykxw ykxY;k- 'kkafryky osxosxGîkk yksdkauk R;kaP;k xjtsuqlkjeqya lqpow ykxyk- vkliklP;k eqykaP;k ;k|k o ekfgrh r;kj d:u 'kkafrykyLor%dMs BsÅ ykxyk- brD;k ygku o;kr Lor%pa yXu >kysya ulrkuk vla[;yksdkaph yXu gks.;klkBhph izfØ;k iw.kZ dj.;klkBh 'kkafrykypk lgHkkx ok<wykxyk- R;k o;kr o R;k dkGkr 'kkafrykyus fookg tefo.;kP;k izfØ;spk izR;{kkro iznh?kZ vuqHko ?ksryk- Eg.kwup 'kkafryky iq<P;k dkGkr laiw.kZ ns'kHkjkr o/kq&ojesGkO;kph pGoG d: 'kdyk- R;kps cht ;k olfrx`gke/;s >kysY;k dkekrvk<Grss-

'kkafrykyph ?kjph ifjfLFkrh vfr'k; csrkph- jktey R;kyk v/kwu e/kwut:j rs iSls nsr vls- ijarq 'kkafrykyP;k xjtk o dkekph O;kIrh ok<rp Pkkyyhgksrh- 'ksoVh 'kkafrykyus ch-dkWe- P;k 'ksoVP;k dkGkr uksdjh dj.;kpk fu.kZ;?ksryk- tSu lektkps lkekftd usrs T;kaP;kcjkscj 'kkafrykyus dkgh dke dsya gksra rsiksiV'ksB uoyk[kk ;kauk R;kua uksdjhlkBh fopkjya- iksiVykythapk eqyxk egsanz ;kphLokjxsVtoGP;k pkSdkr ^uoyk[kk vWxzks bfDoiesaVl~* ;k ukokph NksVh QWDVjh gksrh-rhe/;s 'ksrkr vkS"k/ka Qokj.;kps iai cufoys tkr- iksiVykythaP;k f'kQkj'khuqlkjegsanzus 'kkafrykyyk yxsp uksdjh fnyh- 'kkafrykyus nksup efgU;kr daiuhr lokZrygku vlwu lq/nk dkekpk pkaxyk Blk meVoyk-

daiuhrhy dkekps rkl vkB gksrs- ijarq 'kkafryky 12&15 rkl dke d:ykxyk- daiuhP;k vMhvMp.kh lksMfo.;kr ;'kLoh gksÅ ykxyk- QDr lgk

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efgU;kr rks daiuhP;k loZ O;oLFkkiukpk ,d vax cuyk- uksdjhr lq#okrhyk R;kykefguk 225 #i;s ixkj gksrk- ekydkus lgk efgU;kr ixkjkr ,d #i;kusgh ok< dsyhukgh- R;keqGs R;kus rh uksdjh lksMwu fnyh- uksdjh lksMY;kus iksiVykythauh'kkafrykyph [kwi eu/kj.kh dsyh- ixkj ok<orks] nqpkdh nsrks] jkg.;klkBh ,d ¶yWVnsrks i.k uksdjh lksMw udks- ;krp 'kkafrykyus Lor%ph {kerk Lor%p vksG[kwu ?ksryho vkrk nqljk vuqHko ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- 'kkafrykyus R;kps ,d fe= dkafrykyyqadM ;kapk ukukisBsr yqadM Msªlsl ukokus dkj[kkuk gksrk- R;k dkj[kkU;kP;kvkWQhle/;s uksdjh dsyh- rsFks 2&3 efgU;kr [kwi mRlkgkr dke dsya- dkafrykythR;kps ekyd ulwu ftokHkkokps fe= >kys- gh eS=h brdh ?kV~V >kyh dh l[[;kHkkokis{kkgh rs ,desdkP;k toGps >kys- 'kkafrykyus ukrs ti.;klkBh o Lor%pkO;olk; dj.;klkBh gh uksdjh lksMyh-

lqV~VhP;k dkGkr tsOgk esl pkyw uls rsaOgk [kk.;kfi.;kps eksBs gky gksr-'kkafrykyP;k ifjokjkph vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrh izfrdwy vlY;kus R;kus Lor% d/kh eksBspkspys Bsoys ukghr- R;kosGh HkkaMkjdj jksMoj ^vkse 'kadj Vh gkÅl* ukokph Vijhgksrh- frFks ia/kjk iS';kauk ,d iko l¡iy feGk;pa- ex 'kkafryky czsMpk ,d iqMk?ksÅu tk;pk- R;kryk v/kkZ czsM ldkGh l¡iycjkscj [kk;pk vkf.k v/kkZ czsM frFkspVijhr Bsowu |k;pk vkf.k la/;kdkGh l¡iycjkscj rks laiok;pk- nj o"khZ lqV~VhP;kdkGkr gk Øe lkrR;kus pkyw gksrk-

brds foy{k.k o [kMrj vuqHko- ,dhdMwu ?kjpk vk/kkj ukgh] ?kjP;kaps izseukgh] vkbZ ulY;kus ?kjh tk.;kph bPNk ukgh o ifjfLFkrhgh ukgh- R;keqGs osxosxGîkkfe=kaph eS=h] lkekftd dk;kZeqGs ok<.kkjs laca/k o Lor% feGsy rs [kkÅu gsp vkiysu'khc letwu tx.;kph mesn ok<fo.;kph 'kkafrykyph /kMiM pkyw gksrh-T;kP;kdMs dkgh gV~V djkok] eukrya dkgh lkaxkoa v'kh O;Drh ukgh- R;keqGsLor%p Lor%pk fopkj d:u] Lor%p fu.kZ; ?ks.ks o ifj.kke Hkksx.ks vkf.k R;kyklkeksjs tk.ks ;krwup 'kkafryky vf/kd ?kV~V cuw ykxyk- o; ok<r pkyY;keqGs]fo"k; letw ykxY;keqGs] pkSdlcq/nh ok<Y;kus] brjkadMs] lektkdMs] dke/ka|kdMsikg.;kpk R;kpk n`f"Vdksu osxGk gksÅ ykxyk- rks eukrY;k eukr R;kph rqyuk d:ykxyk] R;krwup Lor%pk jLrk 'kks/k.;kpk iz;Ru d: ykxyk- vusd pkaxys o okbZVvuqHko R;kus ?ksrys- vusd pkaxys vuqHko ?ksr vlrkuk okbZV xks"VhdMsgh eukP;knksyk;eku voLFkseqGs rks v/kwue/kwu ?kljrgh gksrk- i.k Rofjr Lor%yk lkoj.;kphdyk R;kyk voxr gksrh- R;keqGs rks okgor xsyk ukgh-

th eqya lq[koLrw fdaok JhearkaP;k ?kjkr tUe ?ksrkr o 'kkGk dkWyste/;svkiY;kcjkscj vlrkr R;kaP;ke/;s o vkiY;ke/;s dk; Qjd vkgs\ ;kph rks lrrrqyuk djs- vkiY;kis{kk R;kauk vf/kd la/kh feGw 'kdrs ;koj rks Bke gksrk- ijarqvkiY;klkj[ks [kMrj vuqHko R;kauk feGw 'kdr ukghr- [kMrj vuqHkokpk Qk;nkpek.klkyk iq<hy vk;q";kr tkLr eksBîkk izek.kkr gksÅ 'kdrks vls 'kkafrykyykokVr vls- dkWystP;k thoukr v'kkizdkjs rÙokP;k xks"Vh dj.ks o v"ViSywO;fDreÙo ?kMfo.;kph izfØ;k iw.kZ dj.ks v'kk ckch gtkjkrwu uOgs rj yk[kkrwu,[kk|kP;kp fnlwu ;sÅ 'kdrkr gs [kjs-

15

'kkafryky 1976 yk ch-dkWe- >kyk- vki.k inoh/kj Ogk;psp vkgs ;kn`f"Vdksukrwu rks f'kdyk vls Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh- dkj.k njo"khZ ikl >kya dh iq<pa,d o"kZ f'kdk;pa vla djhr djhr rks inoh/kj >kyk gksrk- R;kuarj R;kua lh-,-Ogk;pa Bjoya- R;kosGh lh-,-lkBh vkRrkP;klkj[kh izos'kijh{kk uOgrh- R;keqGs ch-dkWe-ph ijh{kk fnY;koj yxsp vkfVZdyf'ki dks.kkdMs djko;kph ;kpk R;kus fopkjdsyk- R;kosGh mn; ch- xqtj ;k r#.k pkVZMZ vdkSaVaVph ukjk;.k isBsr QeZ gksrh- rsvxnh ukoktysys /kMkMhps vls vlY;kus 'kkafrykyus ch-dkWe-pk 'ksoVpk isijfnY;kuarj R;kaP;kdMs nqlÚ;k fno'kh dkekyk lq#okr dsyh- nksu&rhu efgus R;kusdke dsys] [kwi esgur ?ksryh] vkWMhVgh dsys- R;k dkekr rks :Grks; u~ :Grks; rkspR;kpk ch-dkWepk fudky ykxyk-

1976 lkyh lh-,- gks.;klkBh ch-dkWe-yk iUukl VDds xq.k vko';dvlkosr vlk fu;e gksrk- nqnSZokus 'kkafrykyyk iUukl VDds xq.k feGkys ukghr- - - !vkf.k R;kyk lh-,- gks.;kps LoIu v/kZoV lksMwu |kos ykxys- i.k R;keqGs 'kkafrykyfujk'k >kyk ukgh- R;kyk Qkj ukgh i.k FkksMa okbZV ek= uDdhp okVya- i.k tkLrdkGth okVyh rh gh dh vkrk olfrx`gkr dla jkgkrk ;sbZy\iq<s rj f'kdk;pa gksra-Eg.kwu R;kus ykW dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksryk- 'kkGsr vlrkuk f'k{kdkauk okVr gksra dh'kkafryky pkaxyk odhy gksÅ 'kdsy vla R;kpa cksy.ka gksra- ex R;kus Bjoya odhyOgk;pa vkf.k vk/khP;k R;kP;k f'k{k.kkP;k ^fjoktkuqlkj* dkWyste/;s gtjjkg.;kphgh R;kyk xjt okVr uOgrh!

ykW dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ; 'kkafrykyus iw.kZi.ks Lor%P;ktckcnkjhoj ?ksryk gksrk- R;kyk Lor%P;k ik;koj mHka jkgk;pa gksra- bPNk rsFks ekxZ;kyk vuql:u] f'kdk;ph bPNk vkgs rj ekxZ lkiMsy vlk R;kpk eqGkrpvkRefo'okl vlysY;k LoHkkokyk Hkjolk okVr gksrk- i.k bPNk ex rh dks.krhghvlks fryk iS'kkpa vLrj vlkoap ykxra! rjp iwrhZph Åc ykHkrs- ukghrj rh bPNkxksBwu tkrs-dkWyst thoukiklwu yXu gksbZi;ZUr 'kkafrykyus Lor%P;k ik;koj mHka jkg.;klkBh[kwi /kMiM dsyh- vk/kh iksiV'ksB uoyk[kk ;kaP;kdMs uksdjh dsyh rh lksMwu fnyh]uarj dkafryky yqadM ;kaP;kdMs uksdjh dsyh rh lksMwu fnyh] vftr lqjiqjh;k;kaP;kcjkscj LØWipk /kank dsyk] rksgh lksMwu fnyk- jk;pan daqdqyksG ;kaP;kdMs uksdjhdsyh] rhgh lksMwu fnyh- 2&3 o"kk±P;k dkGkr brD;k uksdÚ;k o /kank dj.;krR;kyk vi;'k ;s.ka Eg.kts vk/khp [kMrj vlysya thou vk.k[khup vlgîk gks.kauOgs dk\ ijarq ;k lxGîkk xks"Vhuarjlq/nk 'kkafrykyus fgEer lksMyh ukgh-ifjfLFkrh'kh lrr >xMr >xMr uohu ekxkZpk 'kks/k rks ?ksrp jkfgyk- th O;DrhbrD;k lxGîkk vi;'kkyk deh o;kr /kkMlkua rksaM nsÅ 'kdrs rhp iq<hyvk;q";kr fdrhgh eksBa vkOgku lgtxR;k isy.;kl lTt gksÅ 'kdrs ,o<p ;ko:uokVra-

16

'kkafrykyua 1977 e/;s fo/kh egkfo|ky;kr ifgY;k o"kkZr izos'k ?ksrykvkf.k R;kp o"kkZr ;k uksdÚ;kgh dsY;k- Eg.kts egkfo|ky;ke/;s pDd rks xSjgtjjkfgyk- i.k vkrk o"kZ lair vkya gksra vkf.k vH;kl dj.ka Hkkxp gksra- vkf.k uqlrkvH;kl dj.ka egÙokpa gksra vla uOgs rj ikl gks.ka R;kgwugh tkLr egÙokpa- Eg.ktsnqlÚ;k o"kkZr izos'k ?ksrk ;sbZy vkf.k R;keqGs olfrx`gkr & i;kZ;kus iq.;kyk jkgrk;sbZy- brD;k lxGîkk xks"Vh ,desdkaoj voyacwu gksR;k-

'kkafryky ykWP;k ifgY;k o"khZ ikl >kyk- vkf.k ex nqlÚ;k o"kkZyk izos'k?ksrkuk dks.krhp vMp.k vkyh ukgh! ;k lxGîkkeqGs iq.;kr R;kpa cLrku clya vlaEg.kk;yk gjdr ukgh-

;kcjkscjp R;kps olfrx`gkrys ckdhps ^O;ogkj*gh lqjGhr pkyw gksrs-^eqya* ikgk;yk ;s.kkÚ;k bPNqd eaMGhauk rh ^LFkG* nk[ko.ka] gs R;kpa dke rks vxnheukiklwu djhr gksrkp- brjgh R;kP;k ^vWDVhfOgVht~*gh pkyw gksR;k-

,d fnol vacstksxkbZps jk;pan dqadqyksG ukokps x`gLFk ^eqya c?k.;klkBh*olfrx`gkoj vkys- R;kaph cgh.k mioj gksrh- rs olfrx`gkP;k jhrhuqlkj 'kkafrykyykHksVys- jk;pan dqadqyksG Eg.kts ,dne [kkunkuh] [kwi Jhear ?kjankt O;fDreÙo!R;kaP;k ygku Hkkok'kh 'kkafrykyP;k ekol cfg.khps yXu >kysys gksrs vkf.k eq[;Eg.kts frP;k ;tekukaps ukogh 'kkafrykyp gksrs! R;keqGs r'kh vksG[k gksrh-

rs iq.;kyk vkys] R;kosGh tke[ksMps Hkxokunklth ugkj R;kaP;kcjkscjgksrs- 'kkafrykyoj R;kapk Qkj tho gksrk- 'kkafrykygh R;kauk eku nsr vls-jk;panthauk R;kus [kwi Jhear] pkaxyh eqys nk[koyh- i.k dk; dks.k tk.ks jk;panthHkxokunklthauk Eg.kkys] ^'kkafrykyus eqya Hkjiwj nk[koyh i.k vkEgkyk rh ilariMyh ukghr- myV - - - vkf.k FkksMk osG Fkkacwu rs iq<s Eg.kkys] gkp eqyxk vkEgkyk;ksX; okVrks- rj ex dk; djk;ps rs rqEgh Bjok-* vkf.k ;k okD;klj'khHkxokunklthauh vkf.k 'kkafrykyP;k eko'khP;k ;tekukauh 'kkafrykyP;k yXukpseukoj ?ksrys-

bdMs izojkuxjyk R;kP;k ofMykadMs & xqykcpanthadMs & 'kkafrykyP;kyXukps izLrko ;sr gksrsp- R;kauh ,dk xkoph ,d eqyxh ikgwu ilargh dsyh gksrh- rjHkxokunklthaP;k ukR;krY;k ,dk eqyhpa LFkGgh 'kkafrykylkBh ^lkaxwu* vkya gksra-R;krp ex xqykcpanthaP;k dkukoj jk;panthapa Eg.k.kagh xsya- R;kauh 'kkafrykyykeqyxh c?kwu ;s.;kl lkafxrya- ex olfrx`gkrys nksu&rhu fe= cjkscj ?ksÅu'kkafryky vacstksxkbZyk ikspyk & eqyxh c?kk;yk!

5 : {ddmhmÀ`m ~§YZmV

17

xaer v'kh gksrh dh ;kiwohZ gh eqyxh ,d&nksu osGk 'kkafrykyP;kikg.;kr vkyh gksrh- i.k vkRrkpa R;kpa ^c?k.ka* fo'ks"k gksra- rlk rj panz jkstfnlrksp dh] i.k ikSf.kZesP;k panzkpa fo'ks"k egÙo vlra] R;krgh dkstkfxjhpk Eg.kwuikg.ka egÙokpa! R;k fno'kh rks tkLr rstLoh fnlrks ukgh dk\rla dkghla >kya-jk;panth dqadqyksG ;kaph iRuh 'kkafrykyyk HkkÅ ekuhr vls- Eg.kts vlagh ukragksrap dh! R;keqGs fHkdpanth] Hkxokunklth ;k lxGîkkauh 'kkafrykyyk ^fgyk rw gksEg.k Eg.kwu!* [kwi vkxzg dsyk- 'ksoVh R;kuagh fopkj d:u ^gksdkj* fnyk-

vFkkZrp yXuklkBh 'kkafrykyph ,d ^vV* uOgs ^bPNk* gksrh! eqyxhfnlk;yk fdrh :ioku vkgs] frP;k ?kjph vkfFkZd ifjfLFkrh d'kh vkgs ;k dqBY;kpxks"Vhyk 'kkafrykyP;k n`"Vhus egÙo uOgra- egÙokpk gksrk] rks frpk LoHkko! Eg.ktsfnl.;kis{kk ^vl.ka* ¼pkaxya½ egÙokpa gksra- LoHkkokua eqyxh pkaxyh vlkoh ghR;kph bPNk uDdhp iw.kZ >kyh ek=! ex dk; yxsp lk[kjiqMk >kyk vkf.k brjkaukLFkGa nk[kork nk[kork 'kkafryky Lor%p yXukP;k js'keh /kkX;kr xqarwu iMyk!Jh- fcztyky vkf.k lkS- xsankckbZ dqadqyksG ;kaph dU;k ljyk fgP;kcjkscj'kkafrykypk fookg Bjyk- ljykyk ikp HkkÅ vkf.k rhu cfg.kh- R;kiSdh izsepan]jk;pan] 'kkafryky vkf.k v'kksd ;k pkj Hkkokaph yXu >kysyh gksrh- ljykP;keksBîkk nksu cfg.kh 'kkark o yrk ;kapsgh yXu >kysys gksrs vkf.k R;k nks?kh vkikiY;k?kjh lq[kkus ukanr gksR;k- Eg.kts ljykP;k yXukuarj QDr ,d HkkÅ jfryky o ,dcgh.k & yhyk gs nks?ksp yXukps jkfgys gksrs-

ljykps eksBs ca/kw izsepan] 'kkafryky vkf.k v'kksd gs f'kdysys uOgrs ojfryky gs ch-dkWe- >kysys gksrs- rj jk;pan ch-bZ- ¼flOghy½ >kysys gksrs- R;kapaf'k{k.k tkLr vlY;kus ?kjkr fu.kZ; rs ?ksr- R;kauk iq.;kr ;sÅu Lor%pk dkghm|ksx/kank lq: djkok vla okVr gksra- R;kapk ,d vfr'k; toGpk fe= vkuan eqGs gkiq.;ke/;s ljdkjh uksdjhr gksrk- xks[kysuxj tuokMh toGP;k ,dk NksVîkk caxY;krrks jkgkr gksrk- jk;pangh ex R;kP;kcjkscj rsFks jkgw ykxys- vkuan eqGsP;keksVjlk;dyo:u rs nks?ks [kwi fQjr- R;kP;kcjkscj jk;panuk dkgh O;olk; lq:djkoklk okVw ykxyk- vkf.k R;k fn'ksus R;kauh iz;Rugh lq: dsys-

iq.;ke/;s jktsanzuxj ;sFks R;kauh ikp gtkj pkS- QqVkapk IykWV ?ksryk vkf.kR;koj fcfYMax cka/kk;ph Bjoyh- vkuan eqGs] jk;pan vkf.k 'kkGhxzke vkMukokpkfe= ;kauh rh Ldhe djk;ph Bjoyh-

;kcjkscjp R;kauh nqlÚ;k daiuhP;k forj.kkpagh dke ?ksrya gksra- R;klkBh,l-ih- dkWystP;k iyhdMs] eksgu /kkfj;kaP;k ?kjk'kstkjh nksu&rhu [kksY;kappa ,dvkWfQlgh HkkMîkkua ?ksrya- vkf.k R;kapa dke lq: >kya- R;kosGh R;kauh ekWMsydkWyuhryh ,d fcfYMax cka/kyh gksrh- R;kr xaxkiwwjps /kwr ;kapkgh fgLlk gksrk- R;kbekjrhe/;s rGetY;koj 400 QqVkapk ,d ¶yWV jk;panus vkiY;k cfg.khlkBhjk[kwu Bsoyk gksrk-

R;kposGh 'kkafrykypk lk[kjiqMk >kysyk gksrk- Eg.kwu ex 'kkafryky

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olfrx`g lksMwu nhi caxyk pkSdkrhy R;k lqn'kZu vikVZesaVe/;s jkgk;yk xsyk-'kkafrykyyk gs dGwu pqdya gksra dh rks tj eWfVªd >kY;koj Mksaxjfd.khyk xsykvlrk rj R;kyk Lor%P;k nqdkukr dkgh djrk vkya ulra- rsFks izR;sd xks"Vdj.;kyk e;kZnk gksR;k- R;keqGs f'k{k.kklkBh rks 'kgjkr vkyk- tjh f'k{k.kke/;sR;kyk xksMh ulyh rjh rks ukikl >kyk ukgh o ;k 4&5 o"kk±P;k dkyko/khe/;sR;kpk ftrdk tulaidZ vkyk] ftrD;k osxosxGîkk xks"Vh ikgko;kyk feGkY;k]R;krwu R;kph n`"Vh O;kid >kysyh gksrh- izR;sd xks"Vhps fujh{k.k d:u R;kdMsc?k.;kph ,d osxGh utj 'kkafrykyyk vkyh gksrh- R;kpk vkRefo'oklgh [kwiok<yk gksrk- ladVkoj ekr dj.;kph rkdn R;kP;ke/;s fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- rks ;kfu"d"kkZi;ZUr iksgpyk dh [ksMîkke/;s vkiY;k cqf/neÙkspk o dk;ZdkS'kY;kpk tkLrmi;ksx gksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh] rks 'kgjkrp gksÅ 'kdsy- ;koj rj rks xkaHkh;kZus fopkjghdjhr vls-

tSu lekt rlk ewGpk jktLFkkupk- ijarq jktLFkkue/khy Hkh"k.k nq"dkGkeqGsgk lekt iw.kZi.ks HkkjrHkj xzkeh.k Hkkxkr iljysyk- jktLFkkue/;s O;olk; d:'kdr ulY;keqGs O;olk;kyk la/kh dqBs feGsy] Eg.kwu HkkjrkP;k izR;sd jkT;ke/;sxzkeh.k Hkkxkr O;olk;kyk la/kh feGsy vlk n`f"Vdksu BsÅu gk lekt xzkeh.k HkkxkreksBîkk izek.kkoj LFkykarfjr >kyk- 'kkafrykyP;k ifjokjkpa Mksaxjfd.khyk LFkykarj gkR;krykp ,d Hkkx- R;keqGs tSu lekt t'kh ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k gksbZy R;k i/nrhusLor%e/;s cny ?kMor vlrks gs fl/n >kys-

vkrk iqUgk ,dnk 21 O;k 'krdkr ra=foKkukP;k txkr tSu lektkpsxzkeh.k Hkkxkrwu 'kgjh Hkkxkr ;sFkwu iq<ps LFkykarj vfuok;Z vkgs vls 'kkafrykyps ergksrs- dkj.k tSu lekt gk O;kolkf;d vkgs] m|kstd vkgs o gs tUer%p vkgs vkf.krs fi<îkku~ fi<îkk pkyr jkgrs- R;keqGs eksBîkk izek.kkoj O;olk; djko;kpk vlsyrj NksVîkk xkokr Qkj e;kZnk fuekZ.k gksrkr o rsFks izxrh [kqaVrs- vkiY;k vktkscki.ktksckauk tsOgk dehr deh /kank djko;kpk gksrk R;kosGh rs NksVîkk [ksMîkkr d:'kdr gksrs- ijarq l/;kP;k uohu fi<hr tSu lektkph gh ;qodkaph rkdn] {kerk fl/ndj.;klkBh R;kauk rs 'kgjkr ;sÅup d:u nk[kokoa ykxsy- 'kgjkr jkgwu [ksMîkklkBhdk; d: 'kdw\ fdaok [ksMîkkrhy yksdkalkBh dk; d: 'kdw\ ;kpk fopkj dsyk rjizxrh osxkus gksbZy vls 'kkafrykyyk okVr vls-

'kkafrykyus nksUgh uksdÚ;k lksMY;kuarj ,d osxGîkkp izdkjpa dkedjk;yk ?ksrya gksra- vftr lqjiqjh;k ;k fe=kcjkscj R;kus dpÚ;kpa VsaMj ?ksrya gksra-rs dke R;kua nksu efgus dsya i.k uarj can dsya-

,d fnol eko'khps ;teku Jh- fHkdpanth cksjk vkf.k Jh- Hkxokunklthugkj ;kauh 'kkafrykyyk tke[ksMyk cksykowu ?ksrya vkf.k jk;pandMs uksdjh djk;yklkafxryh- 'kkafrykyugh gksdkj fnyk- vkf.k R;kaP;kdMs dke djk;yk lq#okrghdsyh- vkuan eqGsua ,dsd vMp.k R;kP;koj lksiowu rh R;kyk lksMok;yk lkafxryh-

19

'kkafrykyua rs dke vxnh lgtrsus Lohdk:u R;kcjkscj R;kaps fg'kkscgh rks c?kwykxyk- R;kauk iM.kkÚ;k iz'ukapa] vMhvMp.khapa Lo:i R;kua eqGkiklwu letkowu?ksrya- vkfFkZd xks"Vh y{kkr vk.kwu fnY;k- gs dke R;kua 4&5 efgus dsya- vkf.k uarjrsgh lksMwu fnya- vkf.k Lor%pa vla dke lq: dsya- bLVsV ,taVpa & IykWV foØhpa &i.k frFksgh R;kpa nqnSZo vkM vkya- R;k dkekr R;kyk ,dk iS'kkpagh ;'k vkya ukgh-[kjarj yXukiwohZ 'kkafrykyyk dks.kR;kgh xks"Vhr Eg.kkoa rla ;'k vky ukgh] lek/kkuykHkya ukgh-

DqadqyksGkaph ljkQh is<h vacstksxkbZ ifjljkr ukoktysyh gksrh- R;kauhvkiY;k ysdhps yXu eksBîkk FkkVkr dsys- tke[ksMiklwu vacstksxkbZyk ojkr xsyhvkf.k iw.kZ /kkfeZd i/nrhus 3 ekpZ 1978 jksth 'kkafryky vkf.k ljyk ;kapk fookg>kyk-

R;k vk/kh ojkr dqBwu dqBs tk.kkj ;kcíy [kwi fopkj >kyk gksrk- FkksMD;krEg.kts yXu dqBs djk;pa iq.;kyk] izojkuxjyk dh Mksaxjfd.khyk\gs Bjr uOgra-'ksoVh eko'khP;k xkoh tke[ksMyk djk;pa Bjya- 'kkafrykypk vkiY;k yXukr [kwi[kpZ djk;yk fojks/kp gksrk- R;keqGs lk/ksi.kkua ojkrhcjkscj ukrsokbZd] ngk&ia/kjkfe=eaMGh ,o<sp xsys- yXu pkaxya >kya-

vR;ar lqLoHkkoh] lqlaLdkfjr v'kk ljykus 'kkafrykyP;k thoukr lq[k]le`/nh] 'kkarh vkf.k eq[; Eg.kts ^ljyrk* vk.kyh- y{ehP;k ikoykauh rh eqFFkkaP;k?kjh vkyh- 'kkafryky vkf.k ljyk ;kapk lalkj lq: >kyk-

20

'kkafryky yXukuarj ljykrkb±lg ekWMsy dkWyuhrY;k lqn'kZuvikVZesaVe/;s jkgk;yk vkys- R;kosGh R;kaP;k gkrkr dks.krhgh uksdjh uOgrh dhdqBY;k O;olk;krgh rs uOgrs- Eg.kts 'kkafrykyth ,dVs uOgrs i.k ,dkdh >kysgksrs] i.k fujk'k eqGhp uOgrs- vki.k ;krwugh dkgh ekxZ dk<w vlk fo'okl R;kaP;keukr gksrk-

';ke HkqrMk ukokpk R;kapk ,d fe= lh-,- >kysyk & R;kpa vkWQhly{ehjksMoj gksra- R;kP;k cjkscj fjvy bLVsVpa dke R;kauh lq: dsy gksra- i.k R;krghR;kauk ;'k feGr uOgra! ,dk tfeuhpk O;ogkj djk;pk gksrk- foB~Bynkl ctkt;kaph dksFk:Myk lkr ,dj tehu gksrh- rh fod.;klkBh 'kkafrykyuh [kwi iz;Rudsys gksrs- ijarq R;ke/;s ;'k ;sr uOgra- [kwi t.kkauk HksVwu R;kaP;kiq<s R;kauh izLrkoekaMyk i.k dks.khgh rh ,o<h eksBh tehu ?;k;yk r;kj >kya ukgh- ;krwu ,d >kysdh ctkt ;kaP;kcjkscj [kwi pkaxys laca/k fuekZ.k >kys- vkf.k R;krwup ,d fnolR;kauh lqpoya] rqEghp gh tehu dk ukgh fodr ?ksr\dkj.k R;kosGh v'kk tehuhljdkjtek gks.;kpk ¼flfyaxpk½ dk;nk vkyk gksrk- R;kr gh tfeuns[khyljdkjtek gksbZy] R;kis{kk rqEgh ?;k vla rs lkj[ka Eg.kw ykxys- ,o<ap uOgs rj lxGsiSls ,dne fnys ukghr rjh pkyrhy- i.k vkRrk djkj d#;k- rsOgk QDr ikp gtkj|k o ckdhps rhu o"kkZr |k v'khgh loyr R;kauh fnyh-

'kkafryky ;kaP;k toG iSls uOgrsp- i.k R;kgh voLFksr R;kauk eksBalek/kku ek= feGkys vkf.k rs Eg.kts foB~Bynkl ctkt ;kauh R;kaP;koj nk[koysykfo'okl! T;kaP;ktoG ,djdeh ikp ^gtkj* #i;s |k;yk ukghr R;kaP;koj ^yk[k*eksykpk fo'okl Bso.kkÚ;k ctktkacíy 'kkafryky ;kaP;k eukr ÑrKrk nkVwu vkyh-vkf.k gh tehu vki.k ?;k;ph vla R;kauh Bjoya- R;kauh HkqrMkauk iS'kkcíyfopkjya- i.k R;kaP;kdMsgh brds iSls uOgrs-

Jh gleq[kHkkbZ iVsy gs tslht Dycps v/;{k gksrs- 'kkafrykygh R;kosGhtslhte/;s dke djhr gksrs- R;keqGs R;kaph vksG[k gksrh- 'ksoVh R;kaP;kdMwu iSlsO;ktkus ?ks.;kr vkys- 1978 e/;s tkxsps djkji=gh >kys- vkf.k 'kkafrykythiq<P;k dkekr O;Lr >kys- iq.ks 'kgjkr dosZ jksMoj 7 ,dj tkxk fodr ?ksÅu djkjdj.ks o R;klkBh |kos ykx.kkjs 5 gtkj #i;slq/nk O;ktkus vk.kwu tkxk ekydkyk|ko;kps o R;kuarj flfyaxe/;s vlsysyh tkxk lksMowu vk.kk;ph o R;koj

6 : eyÝ`mVyZ gwédmV

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cka/kdkekph fLde djko;kph- Eg.ktsp ,d uok iSlkgh f[k'kkr ulrkuk brD;keksBîkk tkxspk O;ogkj djk;pk] gh brdk eksBk /kksdk iRdj.;kpa /kkMl dks.khp d:'kd.kkj ukgh- ghp tkxk 'kkafryky ;kauh iq.;krhy vusd ukoktysY;k fcYMjkauknk[kfoyh gksrh- ijarq R;kauh gh tkxk ?ks.;kl udkj fnyk gksrk- v'kk ifjfLFkrhr'kkafryky ;kauh R;kr gkr ?kky.ka gs dkgh loZlkekU; dke uOgra-

Lor%pa f'k{k.k QDr ch-dkWe- ^FkMZDykl-* cka/kdkekP;k {ks=kr dks.krkghvuqHko ukgh] flfyaxe/kwu tkxk lksMowu vk.k.;kpk dks.krkgh vuqHko ukgh] flfyaxlanHkkZrhy dkghgh ekfgrh ukgh] fcfYMax cka/k.;kpk dks.krkgh xa/k ukgh] Lor%pkiwohZpk dkghgh vuqHko ukgh] tj ijokuxh feGkyh ukgh rj gks.kkjs uqdlku Hkj.;kphrkdngh ukgh- R;k osGpk 'kkafryky ;kapk gk fu.kZ; Eg.kts vkRegR;kp vkgs vlsghdkgh yksdkauk okVw ykxys- ijarq R;kaP;ke/;s vkRefo'okl gksrk- dke dj.;kph bPNkgksrh] dks.kkykgh Qlfo.;kph o`Rrh uOgrh- eu lkQ gksra o gsrw Li"V gksrk- ;klnxq.kkaP;k tksjkoj R;kauh vkiY;k dfj;jpk eksBk tqxkj [ksGk;yk lq#okr dsyh-izR;sd osGh ^uk*pk ik<k yko.;k,soth ;s.kkÚ;k izR;sd ifjfLFkrhoj ekr dj.;kphizo`Rrh BsoY;kus ek.kwl lgt ;'kLoh gksÅ 'kdrks] gs R;kauh Lor%P;k mnkgj.kko:ufl/n d:u nk[kfoya- Eg.kwup gs ,d fojy O;fDreÙo vkgs-

dksFk:M ;sFks tkxk ?ksryh] i.k rh flfyaxe/kwu lksMok;ph d'kh\ ;klkBh'kkafryky flfyaxP;k vkWQhle/;s tkÅu [kkyP;k ysOgyP;k yksdkauk HksVr-R;kaP;kdMwu ekfgrh ?ksr] dkekph i/nr letwu ?ksr] dkxni=kaps okpu djhr vkf.kfeGkysY;k ekxZn'kZukP;k vk/kkjs vtZ d:u ,dk Vscyo:u nqlÚ;k Vscyoj] nqlÚ;kVscyo:u frlÚ;k Vscyoj vla djhr djhr T;k T;k Vscyoj vkiyh QkbZy tkbZyR;k R;k ek.klkyk HksVr- R;keqGs izR;sdkyk HksVwu T;k T;k vMp.kh ;srhy R;kfrFkY;k frFks lksMfo.;kpk R;kauh iz;Ru dsyk- vls djhr djhr 'ksoVh rs flfyaxphijokuxh Lor%P;k gkrkr ?ksÅu vkys-

T;k fno'kh gh ijokuxh vkyh rks fnol 'kkafryky ;kaP;k vk;q";krhylxGîkkr eksBk o egku fnol Bjyk- R;kauk [kwi vkuan >kyk] dsysY;k d"Vkpa pht>kya] v'kD; xks"V 'kD; >kyh vkf.k R;kapk vkRefo'okl f}xqf.kr >kyk- ijarquqlrh flfyaxph ijokuxh vk.kwu cka/kdke iw.kZ gksr ukgh] rj iw.kZ cka/kdkekpk rksifgyk VIik gksrk- ckdh loZ dj.ks f'kYyd gksrs- fLde d'kh djkoh] vkfdZVsDV dlkusekok] dkWUVªWDVj dlk usekok gs ekfgrhgh uOgra vkf.k dGrgh uOgra-

ex R;kauh ,d ;qDrh dsyh- iq.;kr T;k T;k fcYMjkaph dkes pkyw gksrhv'kk osxosxGîkk izdkjP;k lkbZVoj rs tkÅ ykxys- rsFks cksMZoj vl.kkÚ;kvkfdZVsDVps uko] dkWUVªWDVjps uko] Qksu ua- ?ksÅ ykxys- R;kauh 7&8 fnol iq.;kr

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fQ:u v'kk yksdkaph ;knh r;kj dsyh- rh ;knh ?ksÅu dkgh yksdka'kh ppkZ dsyh- ;k{ks=krhy ukoktysY;k yksdkaP;k ;knhrwu 'kjn nkrs ;k vkfdZVsDVps uko R;kauh 'kks/kwudk<ya-

y{ehjksMP;k vkWQhle/;s tkÅu 'kkafryky R;kauk HksVys- R;kauk flfyaxphijokuxh feGkY;kps lkafxrya o ;k fLdeps vkfdZVsDV Eg.kwu R;kaph fuoM djhr vkgsvkf.k rqeph Qh gh fLde iw.kZ >kY;koj nsbZu vls R;kauk lkafxrys- v'kkizdkjsR;kaP;k'kh nksLrh d:u R;kauk gs dke ns.;kr vkys- rlsp iq.;ke/;s vUuN=s gsfcfYMax dkWUVªWDVj gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs 'kkafryky xsys- R;kauk lkafxrya ;k loZ ijokuX;kfeGkysY;k vkgsr- 'kjn nkrs ;kauk vkfdZVsDV Eg.kwu dke fnysya vkgs- dkiksZjs'kuus ;kfLdeyk ijokuxh fnyh vkgs- rjh ;krhy 24 jks&gkÅl cka/k.;kps dkWUVªWDV ehrqEgkyk nsr vkgs- vla lkaxwu R;kua nj fuf'pr dsys o dkWUVªDV fnys- gs lxGa djhrvlrkuk frljhdMs jks&gkÅl fod.ksgh Hkkx gksrs- Eg.kwu orZekui=kr tkfgjkr nsÅufxÚgkbZdkaph uksan.kh lq: dj.;kr vkyh- nqlÚ;k fcYMjpa djkji= ikgwu] R;kuqlkjuohu djkj dj.;kr vkys- lkbZVoj tkÅu dkekph ikg.kh djko;kph rj'kkafrykyuk R;kr dkghp dGr uOgra- ijarq dkWUVªWDVjoj fo'okl VkdY;kus R;kr'kkafrykyuk dkgh vMp.kh vkY;k ukghr-

Ukseds ;kp dkGkr tkxsps Hkko >ikVîkkus ok<w ykxys- [kwi eksBh rsth1980 lkyke/;s tfeuhP;k O;ogkjke/;s vkyh- T;k jks&gkÅlps djkj 17 gtkj#i;kauk dj.;kr vkys rs jks&gkÅl iw.kZ gksbZi;ZUr R;kps 70 gtkj gksÅ ykxys-R;kaP;k tkxh nqljh dks.kh O;Drh vlrh rj dkgh uk dkgh dkj.kkus iSls ok<owuekfxrys vlrs- ijarq 'kkafryky rÙooknh gksrs- R;keqGs R;kauh T;k iS'kkr djkj >kykvkgs] R;kp iS'kkr jks&gkÅl ns.;kpk fu/kkZj dsyk- IykWV ?ks.kkÚ;k yksdkauk vk'p;ZokVw ykxys vkf.k rs yksd 'kkafryky ;kaP;k ;k xq.kkcíy lxGhdMs cksyw ykxys-cksy cksy Eg.krk R;kaph /ka|krhy irizfr"Bk ok<w ykxyh- R;keqGs ;k jks&gkÅlP;kiq<P;k fLde dsY;kus 'kkafryky ;kauh R;kosGh uohu cqfdax lq: djrkuk rs osxGîkknjkus lq: dsys- ijarq tks Hkko Bjyk gksrk R;k Hkkokrp yksdkauk rkck fnyk- vls djrkdjrk 'kkafrykyus 7 ,dj tkxsoj 250 ¶yWV cka/kys o iq.ks 'kgjkr ,d mRd`"VfcYMj Eg.kwu Lor%ph best r;kj dsyh-

'kwU;krwu fo'o fuekZ.k dj.ks gs [kwi vo?kM- izR;sd O;Drh eksBeksBh LoIusikgkr vlrs- ijarq izR;{kkr R;k LoIukauk lkdkj dj.;kps HkkX; ,[kkn&nqlÚ;kykpykHkr vlrs vkf.k 'kkafryky gs R;k ,[kkn&nqlÚ;krys ,d Bjys- ojdj.kh gh dFkkdks.kkykgh lkafxryh rj ,d VDdkgh fo'okl cl.kkj ukgh- ijarq v'kD; xks"Vhe/;sgkr ?kkywu ;'k laiknu dj.ks gsp 'kkafryky ;kaps osxGsi.k vkgs- Eg.kwup rj rs vktbrds eksBs gksÅ 'kdys-

23

,[kk|k tkxsoj bekjr cka/k.ks gk m|ksx R;kaP;klkBh iw.kZi.ks uohup gksrk-brds fnol yksdkauk ^cka/kwu* Bso.kkÚ;k 'kkafryky ;kaP;klkBh flesaV okGwph bekjrcka/k.ka vkf.k yksdkaph eua ftad.ka gs ,d Nku vkOgku gksra- rs ch-dkWe- >kys gksrs-fg'ksc&fB'kksckph dkes R;kauh dsysyh gksrh- i.k ;k cka/kdkeklkBh R;kauk vxnh^Jhx.ks'kk* iklwu lq#okr djk;ph gksrh- IyWu dlk] dks.kkdMwu r;kj djowu ?;k;pk]eqGkr cka/kdkeklkBh ijokuxh d'kh feGok;ph ;kps /kMs rs ?ksÅ ykxys- R;klkBhR;kosGh eqacbZyk tkoa ykxs- 'kkafryky ;krp xqjQVwu xssys- ekfgrh feGok;ph rhl[kksyi.ks vkf.k dkekpk ntkZ Bsok;pk rks mRrep] ;k lw=kyk dsanzLFkkuh Bsowu rs dked: ykxys-

uqdR;kp LohdkjysY;k O;olk;kr R;kauh Lor%yk iw.kZi.ks >ksdwu fnya gksr[kja] i.k R;kis{kk vf/kd [kja gksra rs Eg.kts uqdrap R;kapa yXu >ky gksra! ljykrkbZek= R;kaP;k ;k /kkoiGheqGs ?kjh ,dVÓkkp iMk;P;k- ek= R;kauh ;kcíy d/kh =kxkdsyk ukgh dh R;k irhoj d/kh jkxkoY;kgh ukghr- R;kauh R;kosGh LoIukrgh dYiukdsyh ulsy dh] iq<P;k /kkoiGhP;k vk;q";kph gh vkRrk dqBs lq#okr vkgs - - - i.kex R;kp ?kjph dkes vkVksiwu vkWfQle/;s ;sr- ;k uohu dkekr vkiY;k irhua dla>ksdwu fnya vkgs] rks dla dke djrks - - - gs lxGa R;k MksGs Hk:u ikgkr-

cka/kdke O;olk;krhy vxz.kh dqekj xsjk gs R;kosGh tkxfrd tslhtpsv/;{k gksrs- R;kaP;k gLrs 27 ,fizy 1978 jksth ik;kHkj.kh lekjaHk >kyk- R;kfno'kh v{k;r`rh;k gksrh- 'kkafrykythaP;k O;olk;kph eqgwrZes< vkf.k iq<s ;kO;olk;kpk foLrkj [kjks[kjhp v{k; vlk Bjyk! vkf.k ln~Hkkoukp HkjY;k gksR;k-R;keqGs vkuankP;k] lek/kkukP;k] pkaxqyi.kkP;k bekjrh mH;k jkfgY;k-

R;k tkxsoj R;kauh ^jks&gkÅlsl*ph Ldhe dsyh- gh jks&gkÅlsl Eg.kts nksuo rhu [kksY;kaph- rhu [kksY;k] OgjkaMk vkf.k ekxsiq<s eksdGh tkxk v'kh- nksu[kksY;kaph fdaer gksrh 17 gtkj #i;s rj rhu [kksY;kalkBh 25 rs 30 gtkj #i;sykxr- R;krgh ?kj ?ks.kkÚ;kauh lq#okrhyk QDr 5 gtkj #i;s Hkjk;ps- mjysyh jDdeR;kauk ,p-Mh-,Q-lh- dMwu dtZ Eg.kwu feGowu ns.;kph tckcnkjh 'kkafrykythauhLohdkjyh gksrh- ,p-Mh-,Q-lh- p vkWQhl gksra eqacbZyk- rs Lor% fxÚgkbZdkaphdkxni=s ?ksÅu eqacbZyk tkr vkf.k R;kaph dkea d:u nsr- tkxsps cqfdax fxÚgkbdkusdsya dh R;kauk ,p-Mh-,Q-lh- e/kwu dtZ feGowu nsÅ vlk djkjp R;kaP;k'kh dsyktkr vls- 'kkafrykythapa O;olk;krhy HkkaMoy ,dp gksra ^'kCn!*- - - ^'kCn ns.ks*- -- ^'kCn ikG.ks*- - - ^'kCnkyk tkx.ks*- - - dks.kkykgh Qlok;pa ukgh- uQk uqdlkuhphiokZ djk;ph ukgh- ;k HkkaMoykoj R;kauh iq<s ?kjs cka/kyh vkf.k yksdkaP;k eukr rs ?kjd:u jkfgys! [kjarj ^?kj ikgkoa cka/kwu- - - v'kh ,d mijks/kh vFkkZph Eg.k R;kaukgh

24

ekghr gksrhp- bFks yksdkauk ?kj cka/kwu |k;ps gs vk.k[kh vo?kM dke- R;kr ijr c¡d]dtZ] ofdyh lYyk ák ^dk;ns'khj* dkekapk O;ki R;kauh Lor%P;k injkr ?ksrykgksrk- nqlÚ;kP;k fgrklkBh dGdG vl.kkjk] dY;k.kklkBh >V.kkjk 'kkafryky:ih^vkfnR;*pk iwohZp mn; >kysyk gksrk- vkrk R;k lw;kZP;k fdj.kkauh gGwp Mksda ojdk<k;yk lq#okr dsyh gksrh-

xaer v'kh dh ;k tkxsps O;ogkj gksr vlrkuk] tkxk ?ks.;kfo"k;h oR;kojP;k cka/kdkekps ^IyWu* r;kj gksr vlrkuk vkWQhle/;s mifLFkr jkg.kkÚ;kljykrkbZ ik;kHkj.khP;k fno'kh ek= vuqifLFkr gksR;k- R;k fno'kh R;k vkiY;k ekgsjhgksR;k- R;kaP;k vkf.k 'kkafryky ;kaP;k thoukr v{k;r`rh;sP;k R;k fno'kh ,dk uO;kftokus izos'k dsyk & R;kps lehj Bsoys- R;keqGs nksu uohu ioZ R;kaP;kvk;q";kr lq: >kyh-

ljykrkbZ vkbZP;k Hkwfedsr jeY;k, rj 'kkafrykyth vkiY;k O;olk;kr-

FkksMÓkkp dkyko/khr R;kapk O;olk; pkaxyk lq: >kyk- cka/kdkekphekfgrh gksÅ ykxyh- [kjarj R;kaP;k ftKklw eukus rh d:u ?ksryh- R;keqGs brj tkxkekyd R;kaP;kdMs ;sÅ ykxys- pkaxY;k] izkekf.kd orZ.kqdheqGs /kank vf/kd ok<ykvkf.k 'kkafryky iw.kZi.ks R;kr cqMwu xsys- R;kaP;k izR;sd Ldheyk ukoa osxosxGhgksrh- ;k O;olk;kr Jh- HkqrMk gs R;kaps lgdkjh gksrs-

'kkafryky ;kaP;k dkekpk O;ki ok<ysyk vkf.k vtwugh ok<r vlysykljykrkbZauk MksGîkkleksj fnlr gksrk- R;kauhgh ex rks cny Lohdkjyk- ?kj&x`gLFkh]ckylaxksiu] l.kokj] /kkfeZd xks"Vh] ukrsokbdkapk ikgq.kpkj ;k lxGîkkph tckcnkjhR;kauh Lor%oj ?ksryh- lq#okrhyk lkekftd dk;kZr Hkkx ?ks.kkjs vkiys irh vkrk brjO;kikaeqGs R;kiklwu nwj vlrkr gs R;kauh letwu ?ksrys- d/kh d/kh R;kaP;k larkikykghR;kauk rksaM |kos ykxs- lalkj EgVyk dh vls gks.kkjp- R;keqGs rsgh R;kauh 'kkari.ksLohdkjys- uojk jkxkoyk vlsy] fpMwu dkgh cksyr vlsy rj ck;dksus vxnh 'kkarjkgkos gk R;kaP;k vkbZus lkafxrysyk ea= R;k tir- rs vkrk [kwi jkxkr vkgsr] i.kfrrdsp rs izseG vkgsr ;kps Hkku Bsowu R;k okxr- R;keqGs irh&iRuhe/khy HkkaM.kkuad/kh ^;q/n ikrGh* xkByh ukgh- i.k ;kpa cjpla Js; ljykrkbZauk & R;kaP;kLoHkkokyk |koa ykxsy- R;kaP;k ?kjkrhy [kjh 'kkarh Eg.kts ^ljyk* gksrh!

lehjP;k tUekuarj 10 fMlsacj 1980 lkyh eqyhpk tUe >kyk- frps ukolksukyh Bsoys vkf.k R;kaP;k ?kjkrY;k vkuankP;k okrkoj.kkr vk.k[kh Hkj iMyh- exd/kh osG feGsy rsOgk rs nksUgh eqykauk vkf.k vFkkZrp R;kaP;k vkbZyk ?ksÅu fQjk;yktkr- i.k vlk ;ksx Qkjp deh osGk ;sbZ-

uko

25

dksFk:Mph fLde 'kkafryky ;kauh eksBîkk izek.kkoj lq: dsY;kus] >ikVîkkus¶yWV cka/kY;kus] Hkko ok<ysys vlrkuk BjysY;k fdaerhrp ¶yWVpk rkck fnY;kus]R;kaP;k dke dj.;kP;k 'kSyhus] xksM cksy.;kP;k izo`Rrhus] fu%Li`g okx.kqdhus iq.ks'kgjkP;k cka/kdke {ks=kr R;kauh Lor%pk Blk meVoyk- gkrksVh] lpksVh] fpdkVh odlksVh ;k pkj xq.k/kekZaoj vk/kkfjr 'kkafryky dke djhr vlr- cksyrk cksyrk iq.ks'kgjkrhy brj vusd tkxkekyd Lor%gwu R;kaP;k'kh laidZ d: ykxys o R;kaphtkxk MsOgyi dj.;klkBh 'kkafrykyuk nsÅ ykxys- ,dnk rj v{kj'k% iq.ks 'kgjkrhyFkksj lkekftd dk;ZdR;kZ MkW- ckuw dks;kth o Jh- ,-Mh- xMdjh ;k nksu O;Drhauh'kkafryky ;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kyk o ppkZ d:u ldkG U;wtisij VªLVph ck.ksj jksMojvlysyh 42 gtkj pkS- eh- tkxk R;kauh 'kkafrykyuk fLde cka/k.;klkBh nsÅ dsyh-

R;kauh vusd fcYMlZdMwu izikstYl ekxfoyh- R;kiSdh 'kkafrykyuk ghtkxk ns.;klkBh fuoMya- Hkko Bjyk] ijarq R;kauh MkW- ckuwthauk fouarh dsyh dh ghloZ tkxk vkRrkp rqEgh nsÅ udk] fuEeh tkxk |k- Eg.kts fuEE;k tkxsr rqEgkykHkfo";kr dks.krsgh lkekftd dke djrk ;sbZy- 'kkafryky ;kaps gs Eg.k.ks R;kauh ,sdyso fuEeh tkxk R;kauh fLdelkBh fnyh- T;k vFkhZ vusd yksd Lor%gwu R;kaph tkxkMsOgyi dj.;klkBh R;kaaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kr gksrs] R;k vFkhZ dkgh o"kk±iwohZp lq:dsysyk O;olk; gk vYi'kk vo/khr lpksVhus dsY;kus eqFFkk vlksfl,Vps tud'kkafryky eqFFkk ;kauh 'kwU;krwu fo'o fuekZ.k dsys] vls fl/n >kys-

26

'kkafrykyth ygkui.kkiklwup [kwi pyk[k] rjrjhr] pq.kpq.khr]gtjtckch] Rofjr fu.kZ; ?ks.kkjs Eg.kwu ukoktw ykxys- okLrfod ikgrkygkui.kkiklwupk R;kapk izokl gk vfr'k; dBh.k o [kMrj vlk gksrk- ijarq;s.kkÚ;k loZ ifjfLFkrhoj l{kei.ks ekr d:u rs ;'kkP;k ik;Ú;k p<w ykxys-1978&85 ;k lkr o"kk±P;k R;kaP;k p<R;k dkGkr R;kauh ts ts vuqHko ?ksrys rsfoy{k.k gksrs- [ksMîkkrwu 'kgjkr ;srkuk vkysys vla[; izdkjps vuqHko] uarj 4&5osGk uksdjh o /kank cnywu cka/kdke O;olk;kr ;'kLohi.ks jksoysys ik;] o R;kreksBîkk izek.kkr feGoysys ;'k] ukoykSfdd] iSlk ! ;k loZ xks"Vhapa 'kkafrykythlw{ei.ks vkReijh{k.k djhr-

[ksMîkkrY;k ek.klkua Bjoya rj izxrh gksÅ 'kdrs] th vki.k dsyh vkgs rhbrjkadMwu dk gksr ukgh ;kpk rs jk=afnol fopkj djhr- R;keqGs vkiY;k toGphfe=eaMGh fdaok ukrsokbZd ;kauk vkiY;k ;k vuqHkokrwu vki.k dkgh izsj.kk nsÅ 'kdwdk\vkiY;klkj[;k dkgh ;'kLoh dgk.;k vki.k fuekZ.k d: 'kdw dk\ vls R;kauklkrR;kus okVr vls- o;kP;k 30 O;k o"kkZr nqlÚ;kacíypk brdk l[kksy vH;kldj.ks o r'kh n`"Vh Bso.ks gsp eqGh foy{k.k vkgs- vkf.k uqlrk fopkj d:u] n`"VhBsÅu 'kkafrykyth fjdkes clys ukghr rj R;kauh ;krgh ;'k feGfoys- tj ;kdgk.;kapk ckjdkbZus vH;kl dsyk rj eksBeksBîkk 'kkL=Kkauk o la'kks/kdkauk ;kojfdrhrjh eksBs la'kks/ku djrk ;sÅ 'kdsy- fdacgquk Hkkjrkrhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy;qodkauk tj ;krwu dkgh izsj.kk ?ksrk vkyh rj fdrhrjh eksBa dke mHka jkgw 'kdsy- ;klanHkkZr 'kkafrykythauh o;kP;k 30 O;k o"khZ dsysys ^peRdkj* iq<hyizek.ks lkaxrk;srhy-

xkSre cksjk gs 'kkafrykythaps l[[ks ekolHkkÅ- 'kkafrykythaph vkbZ e`R;wikoY;kuarj T;k eko'khdMs rs tkLr dkG jkfgys R;k eko'khpk gk eqyxk- ;keko'khyk rhu eqya vkf.k rhu eqyh- R;kiSdh nksu eksBîkk eqyhaph yXu >kyh gksrh o,dk eqyhpa o rhu eqykapa yXu Ogk;p gksra- xkSre lokZr eksBk vlY;kus R;kP;kojeksBh tckcnkjh gksrh- 'kkafrykyth tke[ksMyk tkr] R;kaP;k eklhth o eklkthadMstkÅu xkSreyk iq.ks ;sFks f'kd.;kdfjrk ?ksÅu tk.;klkBh vkxzg djhr- R;kph loZtckcnkjh eh Lohdkjrks vls lkaxwu R;kaph ijokuxh 'kkafrykythauh feGfoyh oxkSreyk f'kdk;yk iq.;kr vk.kys-

7 : ZmVr Jw§\$U§ : AX²>^wV H$bm

27

rks lqn'kZu vikVZesaVe/;s jkgw ykxyk- dkWystyk izos'k ?ksryk] R;kosGh

xkSrepa o; 17&18 o"kk±pa vlsy- vxnh dkgh efgU;krp xkSreps oMhy Jh-

fHkdepanth cksjk ;kaps tke[ksM ;sFks vkdfLer fu/ku >kys vkf.k vfr'k; deh o;kr

rs lokZauk lksMwu xsys- 'kkafrykythauk gh ckreh dGyh] xkSre cjkscj gksrkp- [kwi

okbZV okVys- 'kkafrykythauh xkSreyk lkafxrys o nks?ks ,lVhus tke[ksMyk fu?kkys-

d/kh tke[ksM ;sbZy vls okVr gksrs- ijarq cl [kwi gGw pkyr gksrh] 'ksoVh fppksanh

ikVhtoG cl [kjkc >kyh-

'kkafrykyth o xkSre ;k nks?kkaph loZ yksd Le'kkuHkwehr okVp ikgkr gksrs-'ksoVh R;kauk vk.k.;klkBh tke[ksMo:u ,d thi ikBfo.;kr vkyh o R;ke/;sclwu rs tke[ksMyk iksgkspys- xkSre lokZr eksBk] 17&18 O;k R;kP;kojvks<oysys ladV gs dks.kR;kgh ukrsokbdkyk lgu >kys ukgh- ijarq ukbZykt gksrk-fu;rhiq<s dks.kkpsgh dkgh pkyr ukgh- xkSreyk f'k{k.k lksM.ka Hkkx gksra- R;kua f'k{k.klksMya o tke[ksMyk ,d gkMZosvjp nqdku lq: dsya- R;kps ygku HkkÅ lqfuy olarks"k gs tke[ksMyk 'kkGk f'kdr gksrs- 'kkafrykythauh xkSreyk 'kkGk f'kd.;klkBhiq.;kr vk.kya rjh fu;rhus ek= R;kyk ijr tke[ksMyk usya- R;kuarj lkrR;kus'kkafrykyth eklhth o xkSre iq.;kr ;sÅu jkg.;kl lkaxr vlr-

'kkafrykyth nj o"khZ R;k fBdk.kh tkÅu xkSreus fdrh iSls feGoysr]R;kpk /kank dlk pkyyk; rs ikgkr- R;ke/;s R;kyk fo'ks"k iSls feGr ulr- xkSrepk/kank pkaxyk pkyysyk ulrkuklq/nk rs 'kkafrykythauk /kank pkaxyk pkyyk;a Eg.kwulkaxr- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh iqUgk xkSreyk iq.;kyk ;s.;kpk vkxzg /kjyk- eklhth oxkSre f}/kk eu%fLFkrhr gksrs-

xkokrp 'kkafrykythaP;k nksu eklhth o ekekth o brj ukrsokbZd jkgkrgksrs- xkSre o eklhth brj lokZapk lYyk ?ksr- rsOgk izR;sdt.k xkSreyk iq.;kykikBfo.;kl rhoz fojks/k djhr- 'kkafrykythaP;k tkxh nqljk dks.kh vlrk rj gk uknlksMwu fnyk vlrk- ijarq 'kkafrykythauh gV~V lksMyk ukgh- R;kph iw.kZ tckcnkjh eh?ksrks vls lkaxwu lokZapk fojks/k /kkC;koj clowu 'kkafrykyth xkSreyk iq.;kr ?ksÅuvkys- xkSreps f'k{k.k dkghp uOgrs- v'kk osGh R;kyk dk; dke |kos gk iz'u fuekZ.k>kyk- 'kkafrykythauh R;kyk Lor%dMs Bsoys- Lor%P;k ?kjh jkgk;yk vkf.kbekjrhoj lqijokbZtjps dke fnys- R;krhy R;kyk dkghp dYiuk uOgrh- loZ xks"VhR;kus ifgY;kankp ikfgY;k gksR;k- t'kh 'kkafrykythauk uOgrh r'kh xkSreykgh dkghekfgrh uOgrh-

o"khZ

a

]yk yk

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’kkafrykythauh xkSreyk ;ksX; yksdkadMwu izf'k{k.k fnys- xkSreus [kwiesgur ?ksryh o fcfYMax d'kh cka/kyh tkrs] lkekukph [kjsnh d'kh dsyh tkrs] dkedls d:u ?ksrys tkrs] yscj dkWUVªDV dls dsys tkrkr] ;ke/;s nksup o"kkZr R;kusLor%yk fl/n d:u nk[koya- 'kkafrykythaP;k ikSM jksM ;sFks iw.kZ >kysY;k vkuanuxjfLdee/;s xkSreus nksu ¶yWV fodr ?ksrys o vkiY;k iw.kZ ifjokjkyk tke[ksMgwuiq.;kyk vk.kya- R;kosGh ukrsokbZdkauh fojks/kgh dsyk- uarj xkSreus ,dsd IykWV?;k;yk lq#okr dsyh o R;kph Lor%ph fcfYMax cka/kk;yk lq#okr dsyh- cksyrkcksyrk xkSre iq.;kryk ,d pkaxyk fcYMj >kyk-

vkrk xkSrepa yXu djk;pa gksr] R;klkBh vusd pkaxY;k eqyh lkaxwuvkY;k] ijarq 'kkafrykythauh R;k ukilar dsY;k- 'kkafrykythaph ,d vkR;k jk'khu]¼ftYgk vgenuxj½ ;sFks jkgkr gksrh- rsFkhy vkrsHkkÅ Qqypan HkaMkjh ;kaph eqyxhyXukyk vkyh gksrh- eqyhpa uko eaxy gksra- 'kkafrykythaph bPNk gksrh dh frpa yXuxkSrecjkscj Ogkoa- eqyxh ikfgyh i.k nks?kkaph if=dk teyh ukgh] xq.k tqGr uOgrs-R;keqGs gs yXu d: u;s vlsp lokZauh lkafxrys- 'kkafrykythauh fopkj dsyk dh]eyk xkSrepk LoHkko ekfgrh vkgs- xkSreP;k ?kjph pkaxyh ekfgrh vkgs- rlsp eykek>s vkrsHkkÅ Qqypan HkaMkjh] eqyxh eaxy o brj loZ eaMGh ;kaps LoHkko ekfgrhvkgsr- tjh if=dk teyh ukgh rjh ;kr dkgh vMp.k ;s.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwu lok±pkfojks/k iRd:u 'kkafrykythauh gs yXu uDdh dsya o 'ksoVh yXu >kyagh-

xkSreph ,d cgh.k fot;k yXukph jkfgyh gksrh- 'kkafrykythauh iq.ks;sFkhy panzHkkuth pksjfM;k ;kaps fpjatho lrh'k ;kaP;k'kh frpa yXu uDdh dsya-lok±ph bPNk gksrh dh gs yXu tke[ksMyk Ogkoa- ijarq 'kkafrykythauh gs yXu iq.ks ;sFksd:u fnya- ,dhdMs xkSrepk O;olk; pkaxyk lq: >kyk] nqljhdMwu cfg.khP;kyXukP;k tckcnkjhrwu rks eqDr >kyk- frljhdMwu R;kps Lor%ps yXu >kys- R;keqGsxkSreph izxrh ,Dlizsl tksjkr /kkow ykxyh- R;kyk nksu eqya >kyh- xkSreus Lor%P;kfgerhoj R;kP;k nksUgh ygku Hkkokauk eqyh ikgwu yXu ykowu fnya vkf.k R;kaukO;olk;gh lq: d:u fnys- R;kauh iq.;ke/;s jkg.;klkBh osxosxGh ?kjs fodr ?ksryh-'kkafrykythaP;k eklhth dqadqckbZ vfr'k; lek/kkuh >kY;k- xkSreP;k ;k cksjkifjokjkpa >kM >ikVîkkus ok<w ykxya o R;kyk vusd Qka|k QqVY;k- cksyrk cksyrk ghla[;k 60&70 i;ZUr tkÅu iksgpyh-

'kkafrykythauh xkSreyk /ka|klkBh lok±pk fojks/k iRd:u iq.;kyk vk.kya-;k ,dk ?kVuseqGs ,dk iw.kZ ifjokjkP;k HkforO;ke/;s fdrh eksBîkk izek.kkojps cny>kys gs vkt loZt.k ikgkr vkgsr- xkSreP;k nksUgh eqykaph yXu >kyh vkgsr- rsnks?ksgh vesfjdsr vlrkr- ;kpkp vFkZ tke[ksMtoGP;k ,dk r#.kkus Lor%P;k

29

fgerhoj /kank d:u] ?kjP;k loZ tckcnkÚ;k ikj ikMwu] Lor%P;k eqykpa yXu>kY;koj R;kyk vesfjdsyk ikBoya] ukroaMkauk rsFks vesfjdsps ukxfjdRo feGsi;±rphgh R;kph izxrh l[kksy la'kks/ku dj.;ktksxh vkgs-

;k loZ izdj.kkfo"k;h xkSre cksjk ;kauh vkiY;k Hkkouk O;Dr djrkuklkafxrys] ^^'kkafrykyth Eg.kts ekÖ;klkBh nso vkgsr- ;k iyhdMs R;kaP;kcíycksy.;klkBh eyk 'kCnp lkiMr ukghr- tj R;kauh eyk iq.;kyk vk.kys ulrs] rjxkokdMs eh dkgh d: 'kdyks ulrks- dkj.k rsFks dkgh dj.;kph ifjfLFkrhp ukgh-okLrfod ikgrk lok±pkp fojks/k vlrkuk lq/nk 'kkafrykythauh ftíhyk isVwu] /kksdkiRd:u] ukrsokbdkaph cksy.kh [kkÅu eyk iq.;kyk vk.kya- gh ?kVuk ekÖ;kvk;q";krhy eksBh ?kVuk vkgs- Eg.kwup eh ?kMw 'kdyks] dkgh rjh d:u nk[kow'kdyks- ekÖ;k {kerspk o cq/nhpk mi;ksx d: 'kdyks- loZ Hkkok&cfg.khaph yXud: 'kdyks] gs ekÖ;k n`"Vhus [kwi eksykps vkgs-** ;k R;kaP;k mn~xkjkrwu d`rKrkO;Dr gksr gksrh-

'kkafrykythaP;k eklhth dqadqckbZ ;k ns[khy [kwip Hkkouko'k >kY;k-'kkafrykythapa ygkui.k R;kauh ikfgysya gksra- 'kkafrykythaP;k vkbZpa fu/ku >kyaR;kosGh R;k toGp gksR;k- 'kkafrykyth dkgh dkG R;kaP;kdMsp jkgkr vlra-eklhth o eklkth ;k nks?kkapgh 'kkafrykythaoj vfr'k; izse gksra- 'kkafrykyus eksBk>kY;koj vkeP;kdMs nqyZ{k djko;kps rj lksMwup |k myV vf/kd tkLr y{k fnya-t.kw dkgh 'kkafryky ek>k eksBk eqyxkp vkgs vla letwu R;kus loZ xks"VhO;ofLFkri.ks gkrkGY;k- lq#okrhyk xkSreyk iq.;kyk ikBfo.;klkBh ek>k fojks/kpgksrk- dkj.k vusd yksd Eg.kr] R;kP;k dk; uknkyk ykxrk] R;kus tj dkgh dsyaukgh rj vkiya fdrh uqdlku gksbZy\ v'kk vusd xks"Vh yksd ppkZ djhr- ijarq vkrk25 o"kk±uarj ;k loZ ppkZ R;kp osGsl can gksÅu vkrk rhp eaMGh Lor% [kwi ekxsjkfgyh vkgsr o xkSre [kwi iq<s xsysyk vkgs- gs ikgwu R;k fu.kZ;kpa R;kgh Lokxrdjrkr- eklhth gs lkaxrkuk [kwi Hkkoukfoo'k >kY;k o R;kauk R;kaP;k cfg.khphlDdjckbZph vkBo.k ;sÅu vJw vukoj >kys-

'kkafrykythapa ;koj vla Eg.k.ka vkgs dh] ^^xkSre gq'kkj gksrk- R;kP;kesgurhus R;kus loZ ok<oysya vkgs- R;kus izkekf.kdi.ks o lpksVhus dke dsya vkgs oR;kP;k ;'kkpk rksp ekudjh vkgs- eh rj QDr R;kyk iq.;kyk vk.k.;kpk ,dpNksVk fu.kZ; ?ksryk gksrk o rs ek>s drZO;p gksrs-** 'kkafrykyth gs lkaxrkr] ;krwupR;kapk eksBsi.kk fnlrks-

'kkafrykyth vkiY;kcjkscj vlk nqlÚ;kpk fopkj djhr gksrs- gk lxGkdkG 1980 rs 1985 P;k njE;kupk Eg.ktsp R;kosGh rs rhl cRrhl o"kk±ps gksrs- ;k

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o;kr vkiY;k dfjvjpk fopkj djk;pk] R;kr vki.k vf/kdkf/kd fdrh iSlk dekow'kdw] fdrh Jhear gksÅ] vkiyh fdrh ?kja&okgua vlkoh v'kh LoIu ikgk;ph vla rso;- R;k o;kr brjkaps lalkj dls mHks jkgrhy] dls Qqyrhy vlk fopkj dj.kkjs'kkafrykyth - - - vlkp nqljk vuqHko R;kaps lkMw Jh- fj[kcykyth HkaMkjh ;kapklkaxrk ;sbZy-

ljykrkbZaP;k /kkdVÓkk cfg.khpa & yhykpa yXu R;kaP;k yXukuarj ,do"kkZua >kya gksra- yhykpa lklj eapjyk gksra- frFks HkaMkjhapk dkiMkpk eksBk O;olk;gksrk- ifjokjgh eksBk gksrk & ikp HkkÅ vkf.k vkbZ&oMhy vla dqVaqc gksra- lxGsHkkÅ o oMhy feGwu eapjyk dkiMkpk O;olk; c?kr- R;kryk pkSF;k ØekadkpkHkkÅ Eg.ktsp fj[kcyky HkaMkjh- gk O;olk;kr tkLr mRlkgh o piG gksrk- rks /kankpkaxyk lkaHkkGr gksrk- 'kkafrykythauk ,d fnol okVya] pkywu pkywu vlk fdrhpkaxyk /kank ;k xkokr pky.kkj\ rks vtwu ok<yk ikfgts- lxGst.k ;krp xqarwujkfgys rj iq<s uDdhp rks deh iM.kkj- ex R;kauh vkiY;k lkMwauk iq.;kr ;s.;kpalqpoya- rj lkgftdp HkaMkjh dqVqafc;kauk rs vkoMya ukgh- R;kauk okVya brds fnolvkiys ikp ikaMo ,d= jkgkr gksrs- vkrk gs ?kj QqV.kkj dh dk;\Eg.kwu R;kauh fojks/kdsyk-

,dk NksVîkk xkokr ,dkp nqdkukr ikp Hkkokauh clk;pa o R;kaP;k eqykauhghrsFksp clk;pa- tj brj n`"Vhus fopkj dsyk rj R;k ikpgh Hkkokaph pkaxyh {kerkvlrkuk R;k lokZaph {kerk ,dkp nqdkukr [kpZ djk;ph gs dkgh 'kkafrykythaukiVya ukgh- ;k ikpgh HkkokaP;k eqykauk eapjyk f'k{k.k ?;koa ykxr gksra- R;keqGsR;kaP;k iq<P;k fi<îkkaP;k vi;'kkpa [kkij R;kaP;kojp QksMya tk.kkj gksra- R;kaP;klaiw.kZ ifjokjkyk osxosxGa dj.;kph vko';drk gksrh- ;k loZ xks"Vh 'kkafrykythaukR;kaP;k o;kP;k 30 O;k o"khZ dGr gksR;k] gs fo'ks"k-

'kkafrykythauh fdrhgh letwu lkafxrya rjh fo"k; dk<Y;koj gs ikp HkkÅo vkbZ&oMhy gs lrr ,d HkkÅ vkiY;krwu iq.;kyk tk.kkj ;k Hkkousus jMr vlr-gk iw.kZ ifjokj vfr'k; Hkkoukiz/kku gksrk- ,desdkalkBh tho ns.;kph R;kaph r;kjh-R;kr fj[kcyky lokZr rYy[k gksrk- xkokrhy loZ yksdkauk okVr gksra rks xkokrjkfgyk ikfgts- gh R;kaph Hkkouk ;ksX; gksrh- ijarq fj[kcykyph {kerk nkaMxh gksrh o'kgjkr R;kph eksBh fdaer gksÅ 'kdsy ;kpk rs fopkj d: 'kdys ukghr- [kkl d:ufj[kcykyps vkbZ&oMhy- fj[kcykypa R;kaP;koj vkf.k R;kapa fj[kcykyoj [kwiptkLr izse gksra- Eg.kwu fj[kcus iq.;kyk ;s.;kpk fu.kZ; R;kaP;k ipuh iMr uOgrk-'kkafrykythauh R;kauk lkafxrya eapjgwu nhMp rklkapk jLrk vkgs] fj[kcyky ikfgtsrsOgk rqeP;kdMs ;sbZy- dkj.k iq.;kyk ?kj >kY;koj rqeP;k eqykaP;k f'k{k.kkph lks;

31

gksbZy- v'kk osxosxGîkk dkj.kkauh 'kkafrykythauh cGtcjhus gk fu.kZ; R;kaP;kojyknyk-

'kkafrykythauh R;kauk iq.;kyk ;s.;kpa lqpoya rs iw.kZ fopkjkarhp lqpoyagksra- vk/kh lxGh ;kstuk R;kaP;k eukr r;kj gksrh- R;kauk dks.kra dke |k;pa\ rs dlalksiok;pa ;k lxGîkkapk 'kkafrykythauh vk/khp fopkj d:u Bsoyk gksrk- ex R;kauhHkaMkjhauk lxG iVowu fnya- bFkY;kis{kk iq.;ke/;s vf/kd oko vkgs vkf.k rks dlkvkgs gs letkowu lkafxrya- dqVaqc rksM.;kpk fopkj nwjp] rs vf/kd ,dksI;kua]lek/kkukua dla jkgw 'kdsy ;kph dYiuk fnyh vkf.k HkaMkjhauk rs lxG iVya- rsiq.;kyk vkys- lq#okrhyk 'kkafrykythauh R;kauk ,dVÓkkyk vkiY;k ?kjh jkgk;ykvk.kya- R;kauh gk O;olk; uhV letwu ?;kok v'kklkBh- ex 'kkafrykyth ftFks ftFksfnolHkjkr tkrhy] frFks frFks R;kauk ?ksÅu tkÅ ykxys-

tkxk ekydkyk dla 'kks/kkoa] tkxk d'kh ?ksryh tkrs] vkfdZVsDV dlkuseyk tkrks] IyWu dlk ikl dsyk tkrks] dkWUVªDVj use.;kph izfØ;k dk;] fg'kkscdls dsys tkrkr bR;knh loZ izdkjps /kMs 'kkafrykythauh fj[kcykyyk fnys-'kkafrykythauh ikSM jksM ;sFks ,d eksBh fLde lq: dsyh gksrh] vkuanuxj ukokph]R;ke/;s R;kauh fj[kcykyyk Hkkxhnkjh fnyh-

,o<ap uOgs rj dosZ jksMoj R;kapk ,d ,djpk ,d IykWV gksrk] rks R;kaukcka/kdkeklkBh nsÅugh Vkdyk- R;keqGs tek >kysY;k vuqHkokrwu R;kauh ikSM jksMykLor%pk ,d IykWVgh ?ksÅu Vkdyk- R;kapk te clw ykxY;koj R;kauk ekWMsydkWyuhrY;k 'kjn vikVZesaVe/;s rhu [kksY;kapk ,d ¶yWV ?ks.;kps lqpfoys- vkf.k exrs dqVqackyk ?ksÅu frFks jkgw ykxys- fj[kc'ksBpk eksBk eqyxk lfpu gk eapj ;sFkhyejkBh ek/;ekP;k 'kkGsrwu ifgyh ikl >kyk gksrk- iq.;kr R;kyk ejkBh ek/;eke/;snqljhr ?kky.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- 'kkafrykythauh R;kyk fojks/k d:u R;kpa ,d o"kZok;k xsya rjh pkysy ijarq fo|kHkou ;k baxzth ek/;ekP;k 'kkGsr ifgyhe/;s izos'k?ksÅu fnyk- HkaMkjhauk 'kkafrykythacíy —rKrk okVyh- R;kapa osxG vkWQhl] Lora=O;olk; lq: >kyk- R;kaP;k eukr 'kkafrykythacíyph —rKrk lkscrhyk jkfgyh-

vki.k T;k [kqphZoj clrks rh 'kkafrykythauh vkiY;kyk izkIr d:u fnyhvkgs ;kpa lrr Lej.k R;kauh Bsoya- rs vkiys lkMw vkgsr gs jDrkp ukra rj [kjap]i.k fj[kcykyuk okVra 'kkafrykyth gs tSu lektkrys rhFk±djp vkgsr t.kw- vkpk;Zgh inohlq/nk R;kaP;klkBh deh iMsy! tSu lk/kqlEesyu vlks] ukghrj MkW- 'kjnnhf{krkauk vk.kwu IyWfLVd ltZjh dWEip vk;kstu vlks] lkewfgd fookgdk;Z vlksukghrj ,[kknk ?kjxqrh lekjaHk vlks ;k lxGîkkpa 'kkL='kq/n] ns[k.ka vk;kstu dj.kkjs'kkafrykyth d/khgh lektkr iq<s fnl.kkj ukghr- dqBY;kgh orZekui=kr ukgh rj

rs

32

pksohl rkl pky.kkÚ;k vkrkP;k okfgU;kaoj iq<siq<s vls fnl.kkj ukghr- i.k?kjkrY;k izR;sd yXukyk gtj vlrhy] pkaxY;k dkekyk vk/kkj] vk'khokZn rsuDdhp nsrhy] fcYMj vlksfl,'kulkBh ekxZn'kZu djrhy vkf.k rsgh vxnh LoPN]Li"V] ij[kM 'kCnkr-,[kk|k dk;ZØeklkBh fdaok egÙokP;k dkeklkBh R;kauh uqlrk,d tjh Qksu dsyk rjh gtkjks dk;ZdrsZ xksGk gksrhy - - - fj[kcykyuk iz'u iMrksdk; Eg.kkoa 'kkafrykythauk - - - rs ^fu"dke deZ;ksxh*p vkgsr!

,dnk fganw&eqLyhe naxy >kyh gksrh- R;kosGh 'kkafrykythauh rh 'kkardj.;klkBh iq<kdkj ?ksryk- eqLyhe lektkps ekSyoh] tSu /kehZ;kaP;k cjkscj Jh-v..kk gtkjs ;kauk ?ksÅu R;kauh 'kkafr;k=k dk<yh gksrh- v'kk vkBo.khaP;k ,dsdohVsus fj[kcykythaps Lora= vkWfQl ^cka/kys* xsys vkgs- vkrk fj[kcyky HkaMkjhiq.;krys ukoktysys O;kolkf;d vkgsr-

'kkafrykythauk vki.k ?ksrysY;k fu.kZ;kcíy —r—R; okVya- i.kR;kpcjkscj vki.k fdrh dsya - - - vki.k vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk Eg.kwup R;kapa ,o<a uko>kya] vlk vgaxaM 'kkafrykythaP;k eukr R;kosGh d/khgh fuekZ.k >kyk ukgh] iq<sghukgh- fj[kcykythaizek.ksp Jh- fot; ikj[k ;kauh lkafxrysY;k vkBo.kh'kkafrykythaP;k eksBîkk eukph lk{k ns.kkÚ;k vkgsr-

yks.kh /kke.kh ¼iq.ks½ ;sFks tUeysyk fot; ikj[k] vfr'k; gq'kkj gksrk-olfrx`gkr 'kkafrykythaph o R;kph pkaxyh nksLrh >kyh o nks?ks :e ikVZujgh gksrs-iq<s tlk 'kkafrykythauh vkiyk Lor%pk O;olk; lq: dsyk] r'kh R;kaukvkliklP;k fe=kaph vkBo.k ;sÅ ykxyh- 'kkafrykythauh ,d fnol fot;ykfopkjys] ^^rw l/;k dk; djrksl\** ^^dkgh ukgh** vls R;kus mRrj fnys-'kkafrykythauh R;kyk vkiY;kdMs uksdjh dj.;kpk vkxzg /kjyk o fot;usgh yxspgksdkj fnyk- 'kkafrykythaP;k NksVîkk vkWQhle/;s fot; eWustj >kyk- tehu ocka/kdkekP;k loZ dkekae/;s 'kkafrykyth fot;yk izR;sd fBdk.kh ikBor vlr- exvxnh rykBh vkWQhliklwu dysDVj dpsjh] VkÅu IyWfuax] egkuxjikfydk]jftLVsª'ku] osxosxGs odhy] vfdZVsDV] dkWUVªWDVj ;k lxGîkka'kh laidZ dj.;kphdyk 'kkafrykythauh fot;yk f'kdoyh o fot;us frrD;kp dq'kyrsus rh xzg.kdsyh- ;krwu fot;ykgh [kwi f'kdk;yk feGkys o vuqHko vkyk- R;kosGh fot;payXu djko;kpa gksra- 'kkafrykythaps eksBs HkkÅ jktey ;kauh izojkuxj dksykj ;sFkhy>qacjykyth daqdqyksG ;kaph dU;k jRuk fgpa LFkG 'kkafrykythauk fot;lkBhlqpoya- 'kkafrykythauh iq<kdkj ?ksÅu fot;yk gs yXu dj.;kl izo`Rr dsya-fot;pa yXu >kya] fot; vkWQhle/;s jew ykxyk- fot;us vkiY;k cfg.khpsghyXu O;ofLFkri.ks d:u fnya- v'kk i/nrhus fot; vkrk tckcnkÚ;k isyw ykxyk o

33

'kkafrykythauh R;kyk eqDr daBkus vk'khokZn fnyk-

- - 'kkafrykythauh vls fdrh lalkj mHks dsys! ;k lxGîkk O;ogkjkr R;kauh,d f'kLr ykoyh gksrh] lans'k fnyk gksrk dh] O;olk; djk] rqepk Lora= O;olk;o`f/naxr Ogkokp] i.k egÙokpa Eg.kts rks izkekf.kdi.kkuap djk;yk gok- dqBsghyckMh&QlokQloh vlrk dkek u;s- ukghrj R;kyk lq[klek/kkukph QGs ;s.kkjukghr gs y{kkr ?;k-

'kkafrykythaps ,d vkrsHkkÅ /kujkt dVkfj;k gs chM ftYgîkkrhyMksaxjfd.kh xkoktoGp] f'k:j Hkkyxko ;sFks jkgkr gksrs- rsFkwu rs 'kkafrykythiq.;kyk ;s.;kP;k iwohZp iq.;kyk LFkkf;d >kys gksrs o iwuk MkG ehye/;s uksdjhdjhr gksrs- 'kkafrykythaps /kujkt'kh ?kfu"B laca/k gksrs- /kujktph dke dj.;kph{kerk [kwip nkaMxh gksrh- nksu&rhu o"kk±iklwu 'kkafrykyth /kujktus vkiY;kdMs;kos Eg.kwu [kwi vkxzg djhr gksrs- ijarq /kujktyk iwuk MkG fey lksMor uOgrh- rhuo"kk±urj 'kkafrykythauk /kujktyk vkiY;kdMs ?ks.;kr ;'k vkys- rls /kujktpsf'k{k.k dkghp uOgrs] ijarq cqf/neRrk vQkV gksrh-

/kujkt vkiY;kdMs vkY;keqGs 'kkafrykythauk vfr'k; vkuan >kyk-R;kauh R;kaP;k dULVªD'ku daiuhr ¼cka/kdkekpa dkWUVªWDV ?ks.kkÚ;k½ /kujktuk lkekowu?ksrys- R;kaP;klkBh ikVZujf'kie/;s osxGh cka/kdkekph QeZ lq: dsyh- v'kkizdkjsR;kauk /ka|kr iw.kZ xqarowu Vkdys vkf.k ,[kknk mPpf'kf{kr baftfuvj dk; djsy vlk/kank dsoG 10 oh ikl vlysY;k /kujktuh dsyk- vfr'k; pks[k O;ogkj gs R;kaP;kdkekpa lw= gksra- cka/kdkekr eky usgeh mRrep okijk;pk- frFks d'kkrgh rMtksMdjk;ph ukgh ;k /kksj.kkuqlkj R;kauh /kank vtwugh ok<oyk- fg'kksc] vR;ar LoPN]fjiksVZl~] vfFkZd O;ogkj lxGîkk lxGîkk ckcrhr /kujkt brds ikjn'kZd gksrs dh'kkafrykyth MksGs feVwu psdoj lgh djhr- ,o<sp d'kkyk R;kaP;k Hkjo'kkoj R;kauh/kank iw.kZi.ks lksiowup Vkdyk- 'kkafrykyth o"kZo"kZ lkbZVojns[khy tkr ulr- QDrlq#okrhyk Hkwehiwtu vkf.k uarj i>s'kuP;k osGhp rs gtj jkgk;ps!

'kkafrykythauk /kujktkacíy vfr'k; vknj okVr vls- vktgh okVrks-vkrk rs fuo`Rr >kys vlys rjh 'kkafrykythaP;k e/;jk=hP;k gkdsykgh ^vks* nsrkr-dsOgkgh gtj jkgrkr- 'kkafrykythaP;k R;kaP;kcíyP;k] ^^eh ck;dkseqykauarj tjdks.kkoj tho ykor vlsu rj rks /kujkt ;kaP;koj - - - eh ,dVÓkkua ts d: 'kdyksulrks rs R;kauh dsya - - - ekÖ;k /ka|kP;k ;'kkr R;kapk Qkj eksBk okVk vkgs** ;kHkkouk /kujktthaP;k dkekph ikorh vkgs- R;kapa lxGa dqVqac Eg.kts R;kaps /kkdVs nksuHkkÅ] /kujktkaps nksu eqyxs] ,d eqyxh lxGs vkuankr vkgsr- Eg.krkr uk] pkaxyadke dj.kkÚ;kauk nsokph lkFk vlrs!

34

v'kkizdkjs /kujkt o 'kkafrykythaph tksMh vfr'k; ?kV~V >kyh- /kujktusdks.krkgh 'kCn Vkdyk rjh 'kkafrykyth rks [kkyh iMw ns.kkj ukghr ;kph [kk=hnks?kkaukgh vkgs- vk;q";kr iSls feGr vlrkr o tkr vlrkr- ijarq ,desdkaryhukrh] _.kkuqca/k] izse] okRlY; o lq[k%nq[k gs dk;ep ek.klkP;k cjkscj jkgkrvlrkra- ;k lw=kpa ikyu nks?kkauhgh dsya-

'kkafrykythapk eksBk HkkÅ jktey gk izojkuxjyk fdjk.kk nqdku pkyorvls o frFksp jkgkr vls- tsaOgk 'kkafrykythapk /kank O;ofLFkr pkyw ykxyk rsOgkR;kauk lokZr izFke vkBo.k >kyh rh R;kaP;k eksBîkk Hkkokph- jkteypa'kkafrykythaoj [kwi izse gksra- cjsp osGk jktey 'kkafrykythauk dkWyste/;s vlrkukiSls iqjor- rlk rks vf'kf{krp gksrk] i.k LoHkkokus [kwi izseG gksrk- izojkuxj ;sFks/ka|kr uqdlku gksÅ ykxya rsOgk jktey vLoLFk >kyk- 'kkafrykythauh izojkuxjyktkÅu jkteyyk iq.ks ;sFks ;s.;kph fouarh dsyh- R;kP;kcjkscj ppkZ dsyh olq#okrhyk QDr ,dVîkkykp iq.;kyk ;k;yk lkafxrys-

iq.;kyk R;kyk R;kauh vkiY;k Lor%P;k ?kjhp Bsoys o vkWQhle/;s ;sÅugGwgGw dke letkowu ns.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ,drj R;kps f'k{k.k deh gksrs ojkg.kheku xzkeh.k Hkkxkrys gksrs- lq#okrhyk rks ik;tek ?kkywu ckgsj iMr vls-gGwgGw jkteyus R;kph jkg.;kph 'kSyh cnyyh] Hkk"kk cnyyh- vkWfQle/;s IykWVgksYMj'kh laidZ Bso.;kph tckcnkjh R;kP;kdMs ns.;kr vkyh- 'kkafrykythaph ,dxWl fMfLVªC;qVjf'ki iq.ks dWEie/;s gksrh- dkgh dkG jkteyyk frFkys dke fnys-gGwgGw jktey iq.;kr jeyk- dosZuxjyk uGLVkWi ;sFks R;kyk ,d ¶yWV ?ksÅuns.;kr vkyk o R;kus vkiY;k ifjokjkyk iq.;kr vk.kys-

R;kyk rhu eqyh o ,d lat; ukokpk eqyxk- R;k rhu eqyhaiSdh lokZreksBh 'khyk] frpa yXu djk;pa gksra- 'kkafrykythauh gs yXu ukf'kdyk uDdh dsya ors lkewfgd fookgkr dj.;kpk vkxzg dsyk o ;k vVhoj lk[kjiqMkgh >kyk- lgkefgU;kuarj tsaOgk izR;{k lkewfgd fookg dj.;kph osG vkyh rsOgk ukf'kdP;kO;kgîkkus lkewfgd fookgkyk udkj fnyk- 'kkafrykythauh rks fookg jktey o 'khyk;kauk fo'oklkr ?ksÅu rksMyk o iq.;krhy enu HkaMkjh ;kaP;k'kh yXu uDdhdsya o rs ifgY;k lkewfgd fookgkr vkuankus ikj ikMya- R;kuarj T;ksrh o lforkpsyXu >kys- lat;psgh yXu >kys- v'kkizdkjs jkteyth R;kaP;k loZ dkSVqafcdtckcnkjhrwu ckgsj iMys- 'kkafrykythauk ;k xks"Vhpa lek/kku okVra dh eh ekÖ;keksBîkk Hkkokyk o R;kP;k ifjokjkyk iq.ks ;sFks vk.kwu R;kaP;k Lor%P;k ik;koj mHkajkg.;klkBh enr dsyh!

'khykpa

35

vlkp ,dnk thauh eapjgwu dkeklkBh ckck fu?kksV ukokpk ,deqyxk vk.kyk- dke dlya rj f'kik;kpa- - - rks Qkjla f'kdysyk uOgrk-vkWQhle/;s >kM.;kiql.;kpa dke d:u rks vkWQhl y[[k Bsor vls- dke vxnheukiklwu djh- rks jkgk;yk] tsok;yk vFkkZrp 'kkafrykythaP;k ?kjh- iq.;krvkY;koj rks dke djhr djhr ckjkohph ijh{kk ikl >kyk- i.k rjhgh dke>kMyksVhpap- ex ljykrkb±uh R;kP;k ekxs ykxwu R;kyk iq<s vk.k[kh f'k{k.k ?ks.;klHkkx ikMys- ex rks iq<s f'kdwgh ykxyk vkf.k ,d fnol R;kP;k injkr ^inoh* iMyhvkf.k vk.k[kh ,d fno'kh rj rks vWM- ckck fu?kksV >kyk- f'kik;kiklwugsMDykdZi;±r v'kh R;kph inksérh gksr xsyh] uOgs ifjJekus R;kus rh [kspwu vk.kyh-dkj.k R;kP;k ekxs [kachj vls nksu vk/kkjLraHk gksrs & 'kkafrykyth vkf.k ljykrkbZ-- -R;kauh iq<s vkWQhlph lxGh tckcnkjh lkaHkkGyh- 'kkafrykythauh R;kaukdksFk:Myk ,d NksVklk ¶yWV ?ksÅu fnyk- R;kuarj ckckauh vkiys Lor%ps vls dkelq: dsys- Lora= vkWQhl FkkVys- vkt rs vkB&ngk fcYMlZps dk;ns'khj lYykxkjEg.kwu dke djrkr- R;kapk eqyxk vesfjdsyk f'k{k.k ?ksr vkgs- ljykrkbeqGs R;kpsf'k{k.k o izxrh >kY;kus ljykrkbZauk vki.k ,dk pkaxY;k dkeklkBh gkrHkkjykoY;kps [kwi lek/kku feGkys- vktgh tj dks.kR;k dk;ZØekr ckck fu?kksV HksVysrj rs vkotwZu 'kkafrykythapa o ljykrkb±pa n'kZu ?ksrkr vkf.k R;kaP;k psgÚ;kojpkvkuan o rKrk ikgwu 'kkafrykyth o ljykrkb±uk lek/kku okVrs-

'kkafryky

±

Ñ

36

1978 e/;s Jh- ctkt ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk ,d tkxk nsÅu t.kw

'kkafrykythaP;k vk;q";kr ,d ^VfuZax ikWbZUVp* vk.kyk- tj gh tkxk 'kkafrykythauk

feGkyh ulrh rj 'kkafrykyth Mksaxjk,o<h eksBh bekjr mHkh d: 'kdys ulrs-

;kpkp vFkZ R;kauh feGkysY;k la/khpk iw.kZ mi;ksx d:u ?ksryk- R;kaP;k eukr vkya

dh ijes'oj vkiY;k leksj vusd izdkjP;k la/kh miyC/k d:u nsrp vlrks- ijarq gs

vkiY;koj voyacwu vkgs dh vki.k R;k la/khpk Qk;nk dlk d:u ?;k;pk- v'kk

la/kh 'kks/k.;klkBh vkiY;kyk vusd uouohu izfØ;k 'kks/kkO;k ykxrkr] vusd

osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh tkos ykxrs] usVoÉdx djkos ykxrs rjp ;k la/kh feGr vlrkr-

?kjclY;k v'kk la/kh feGr ulrkr] vlsgh 'kkafrykyth votwZu lkaxrkr- R;kauh

1978 uarj ifgY;k rhu o"kkZr vgksjk= esgur ?ksÅu ,d VIik iw.kZ djrkp R;kaps

ikVZuj Jh- 'kketh HkqrMk o 'kkafrykyth ;kauh vkivkilkr clwu fopkjfofue;

dsyk o Jh- HkqrMk ikVZujf'kie/kwu osxGs >kys- dkj.k R;kapk pkVZMZ vdkÅaVaVpk

O;olk; gksrk- R;keqGs vkrk 'kkafrykyth ,dVsp O;olk; d: ykxys- QX;qZlu

jksMoj Kkus'oj iknqdk pkSdkr ,d NksVla vkWQhl ?ksÅu frFks 'kkafrykythauh vkiya

cLrku cloya-

1980 P;k dkGkr iq.;kr ygkukiklwu eksBîkki;ZUr ukoktysys vls

250&300 fcYMlZ cka/kdke O;olk; djhr gksrs- 'kkafrykythauk okVys dh ;k loZ

fcYMlZuh ,d= ;sÅu ,dk vlksfl,'kuph LFkkiuk dsyh ikfgts- Eg.kwu R;kauh

iq<kdkj ?;k;pa Bjoya- ijarq 'kkafrykyth Lor% uqdrsp O;olk;kr vkys gksrs- R;kapa

o;gh deh gksra- rs baftfu;jgh uOgrs fdaok R;kauk cka/kdkekpk vuqHkolq/nk uOgrk-

brds lxGs otkckdhps eqís vlrkuk 'kkafrykythauh iq.;kr eksBeksBs fcYMj dks.k

vkgsr R;kaph ;knh r;kj d:u R;kaP;kdMs tkÅu vkiyh ;kstuk lkax.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk- Jh- jkedqekj jkBh ;kapk csgjs jkBh ukokus cka/kdke O;olk; gksrk o rs

lkekftd n`f"Vdksu BsÅu dke dj.kkjkaiSdh ,d gksrs- 'kkafrykythauk R;kapk LoHkko

[kwi vkoMr vls- 'kkafrykythauh R;kauk ;k vlksfl,'kulkBh iq<kdkj ?ks.;kph

fouarh dsyh o ;qod ;k ukR;kus loZ dke eh lkaHkkGsu v'kh [kk=h fnyh- ex dk;

iq.;kph izeksVj fcYMlZ vlksfl,'ku LFkkiu dj.;kph pGoG lq: >kyh-

8 : Û§Û - ì`dgm` H$s gm_m{OH$ H$m`©

37

Jh- jkedqekj jkBh ;kauk ;k vlksfl,'kupa v/;{k dsya- Jh- vkseizdk'k vjksjk o

'kkafrykyth gs nks?kgh lfpo >kys- 'kkafrykythapk laidZ ok<rp jkfgyk-

vlksfl,'kuph feVhax cksyowu flesaVlkBh ljdkjdMs lkdMs ?kky.;kph o

ljdkjdMwu flesaV feGfo.;kph izfØ;k 'kkafrykythauh vlksfl,'kudMwu lq: dsyh-

R;kosGh cWfjLVj varqys eq[;ea=h vlrkuk ;k pGoGhyk pkaxys ;'k vkys o cksyrk

cksyrk izeksVlZ fcYMlZ vlksfl,'ku ?kV~V gksÅ ykxyh- iq.;krhy loZ fcYMlZuh

;ke/;s fgfjjhus Hkkx ?ksryk- ;k laiw.kZ izfØ;sps ;'k Jh- jkBh] vjksjk o brj eksBîkk

fcYMlZuk t:j tkrs- ijarq 'kkafrykyth Eg.krkr [kkjhpk okVk dk gksbZuk eh ;ke/;s

egÙokph Hkwfedk ctkoyh vkgs-

vkt izeksVlZ fcYMlZ gh QDr iq.;kph u jkgrk] R;kps :ikarj laiw.kZ

Hkkjrkrhy fØMkbZe/;s >kys o laiw.kZ Hkkjrkrhy izeksVlZ o fcYMlZ ;k /kkX;ke/;s

,df=r cka/kys tkÅu Hkkjrkph fcYMlZ yksdkaph ,d eksBh rkdn o 'kDrh fuekZ.k

>kyh vkgs- 1980 lkyh ykoysya ,d NksVa jksiVa brda eksBa gksÅ 'kdsy ;kph

R;kosGh ,dkgh O;Drhyk dYiuk uOgrh- ;k fufeRrkus 'kkafrykythaph iq.;krhy loZ

fcYMlZ'kh ?kV~V eS=h >kyh- loZ yksd ,desdkaP;k lq[knq%[kkr lgHkkxh gksÅ ykxys]

O;olk;klkBh ,desdkauk enr d: ykxys- R;keqGs 'kkafrykythapk tulaidZ ok<w

ykxyk-

;kpkp Hkkx Eg.kwu vusd tkxkekyd Lor%gwu 'kkafrykythadMs R;kaP;k

tkxk ?ksÅu ;sÅ ykxys- 'kkafrykythauh R;kosGh vusd tkxk fodr ?ksrY;k- R;kaP;k

dkgh ukrsokbdkauk iq.;kr cksyowu R;kaukgh tkxk nsÅ dsY;k- brdk eksBk O;olk;

lkaHkkG.ks] osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh cka/kdke dj.ks] R;kpk ntkZ pkaxyk Bso.ks] ¶yWV

?ks.kkÚ;ka'kh djkj dj.ks] rglhynkj vkWQhl] dysDVj dpsjh] dkiksZjs'ku] Mk;jsDVj

VkÅu IyWfuax] ea=ky; ;k loZ xks"Vh lkaHkkG.ks] o;kP;k fr'khP;k vkr] O;olk;kpk

iwohZpk vuqHko ulrkuk] R;k i/nrhps f'k{k.k ulrkuk ;k lxGîkk xks"Vh ;'kLohi.ks

dj.ks gs 'kkafrykythauk dla ter gksra ;kpp lok±uk vk'p;Z okVr gksra- gs loZ

djhr vlrkuk R;kauh lxGîkkr tkLr dk; tiya vlsy rj R;kaph ir! uhfreRrsP;k

ik;koj R;kauh gh bekjr mHkh dsyh-

fnolsafnol 'kkafrykythapk O;ki ok<w ykxyk o vk.k[kh tkLr tkxk rs

fodr ?ksÅ ykxys- gs d/khgh u Fkkac.kkja pØ gksra- O;olk;kP;k ifgY;k ngk o"kkZr

iq.;krY;k ngk fcYMje/;s 'kkafrykythaph fuoM >kyh- O;olk;kP;k lanHkkZrhy loZ

xks"Vh ikg.;kph tckcnkjh gh 'kkafrykythaph ,dVîkkph gksrh- R;keqGs R;kaP;kojhy

38

dkekpk ckstk gk ok<rp xsyk-

1985 P;k lqekjkl ek= vpkud 'kkafrykyth vLoLFk gksÅ ykxys- dkj.k

tj v'kkp i/nrhus O;olk; ok<r xsyk o R;ke/;s rs xqarys tkÅ ykxys rj R;kaP;k

MksD;kr eksBa lkekftd dk;Z dj.;kph th dYiuk gksrh R;kpa dk; gks.kkj v'kk

fopkjkapk la?k"kZ R;kaP;k eukr lq: >kyk-

tsOgk rs dMîkkP;k tSu cks…Maxe/;s ok<ih Eg.kwu pkj o"kZs lkrR;kus tSu

lektkP;k osxosxGîkk fookg lekjaHkklkBh tkr gksrs] R;kp osGh fookg lekjaHkkoj

gks.kkjk vok<O; [kpZ gk pqdhpk vkgs] rks deh Ogk;ykp gok ;kpa cht R;kaP;k

euke/;s ?kV~V jksoya xsya gksra- rlsp iq.ks ;sFkhy tSu cks…Mxe/;s f'kdrkuk] vusd

eqykaps iRrs osxosxGîkk eqyhaP;k ikydkauk nsr vlrkuk fookg tefo.;kph izfØ;k

R;kaP;k eukr ?kj d:u clyh gksrh- 'kkafrykythauk [kja rj ch-dkWe- >kY;koj

/ka|k,soth lkekftd dk;Z dj.;kphp bPNk gksrh- R;kaP;k egkfo|ky;hu dkGkr

R;kauh vkuan izfr"Bku] vf[ky Hkkjro"khZ; tSu dkWUQjUl ;k laLFkkae/;s lkekftd

n`"Vhus dke dj.;kpk iz;Rugh dsyk gksrk- ijarq R;kp osGh 2&3 lkekftd

laLFkkacjkscj jkgwu lkekftd dk;Z dla dsya tkra ;kph ikg.kh dsyh vlrk R;kauk

vkysY;k vuqHkoko:u 'kkafrykythauh R;kp osGh ,d fu'p; dsyk dh nqlÚ;kP;k

gkrk[kkyh uksdj Eg.kwu lkekftd dke djk;ps ukgh-lkekftd dk;kZyk dks.kh

xaHkhji.ks ?ksr ukgh] ;kpk R;kauk izR;; vkyk gksrk- lkekftd dke gs ukoklkBhp dsya

tkra] vla R;kauk okVw ykxya- lkekftd dke djrkuk rkRiqjrs dke dj.;kph lo;

'kkafrykythauk ekU; uOgrh-

lkekftd dk;kZr iSlsokys yksd R;kaps fopkj nqlÚ;kaoj yknrkr gs

'kkafrykythauk lgu gksr uOgrs- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh 1977 lkyh gk fu.kZ; iDdk

?ksryk dh tksi;ZUr ekÖ;kdMs pkaxY;k izdkjpk iSlk ;sr ukgh rksi;ZUr eh lkekftd

dke dj.kkj ukgh- 'kkafrykythauk Lor%P;k bPNsizek.ks ykac VII;kps dk;eLo:ih o

eksBs dke dj.;kph eukr bPNk o /ked gksrh o gs lxGa djk;pa vlsy rj Lor%dMs

Lor%pk iSlk vlkok o vkiY;kp iS'kkus gs dke dsya tkoa vlk R;kapk ekul gksrk-

R;keqGs tksi;ZUr vkiY;kdMs iSlk ;sr ukgh] rksi;ZUr dks.krgh lkekftd dke

djk;pa ukgh vlk R;kauh 1977 lkyh fu.kZ; ?ksryk gksrk o R;kuarjp O;olk;

dj.;klkBhP;k gkypkyh lq: dsY;k gksR;k-

R;keqGs 1985 e/;s vkrk vkiY;kdMs Hkjiwj iSlk vkY;kuarj vki.k iqUgk

R;k iS'kkP;kp ekxs ykxk;ps dh] 1977 e/;s vkiY;k iS'kkus dke dj.;kph bPNk

39

O;Dr dj.;kr vkyh gksrh R;k n`"Vhus dke djk;ps] v'kh f}/kk eu%fLFkrh

'kkafrykytahleksj fuekZ.k >kyh- rs jk=afnol ;k nksUgh ckchaoj fopkj d:u dk;

djkos ;k laHkzekr iMr gksrs- brdk eksBk pkyrk O;olk; dq.khgh O;Drh can d:

'kd.kkj uOgrh- O;olk; dj.;kph {kerk 'kkafrykythauh fl/n d:u nk[kfoyh

gksrh- R;keqGs O;olk; fdR;sd iVhus ok<w 'kdrks gs lokZauk ekfgrh gksra- iS'kkpk eksg

ek.klkyk d/khp VGr ukgh- fdrhgh iSlk feGkyk rjh vk.k[kh tkLr feGfo.;klkBh

R;kph /kMiM pkywp vlrs- R;klkBh izR;sdt.k ejej djhr vlrks- gs ,d eksBs nq"V

pØ vkgs o ;k pØke/;s ,dnk vkr xsya dh ckgsj iMrk ;sr ukgh- iSlk feGor

vlrkuk dqBs Fkkackoa ;kpk fopkj iSlk feGfo.kkjk ek.kwl d/khp djhr ukgh-

v'kk ;k ik'oZHkwehoj 'kkafrykythaP;k fopkjkapk la?k"kZ pkyw gksrk- dk;

djkoa lqpr uOgra- O;olk; can d:u lkekftd dke dj.;kP;k ladYiusyk loZp

yksd fojks/k djhr gksrs- yksd v'kkizdkjps fopkj ekaMY;koj osMîkkrgh dk<r gksrs-

ijarq 'kkafrykythauh tUeY;kiklwu [kwi Hkksxya gksra- lgk efgU;kr vkbZ okjY;kus

vukFk eqya d'kh txrkr gs vuqHkoya gksra- [ksMîkkikMîkkrhy yksdkaP;k gkyvis"Vk rs

vk;q";kr fol: 'kdr uOgrs- fookgkryk gks.kkjk izpaM [kpZ R;kaP;k MksGîkkr

lkrR;kus lyr gksrk- xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy ifjfLFkrhyk lkeksja tkrkuk fdrh ;kruk

gksrkr ;k R;kauh vuqHkoY;k gksR;k- fookg tefo.;kph i/nrh fdrh fDy"V vkgs gs

R;kauh vksG[kya gksrs- iko&lWEiyoj fnol dk<wu R;kauh xfjch iw.kZi.ks vuqHkoysyh

gksrh-

v'kk ifjfLFkrhr vkiY;kyk O;olk;kr ;'k feGkY;kuarj vk.k[kh tkLr

iS'kkP;k ekxs ykxwu lkekftd dk;kZoj ik.kh fQjo.ka 'kkafrykythauk ekU; uOgra-

myVi{kh 'kkafrykyth vlk fopkj d: ykxys dh vkrk vkiya o; 32 o"kk±ps vkgs-

rj vkRrkiklwu vki.k lkekftd dke lq: dsya rj rs o;kP;k ykac VII;ki;ZUr djrk

;sbZy- ts.ksd:u o brD;k ykac VII;kpa o brda eksBa dke djk;pa dh rs iq<P;k

ih<hykgh mi;ksxh ;sÅ 'kdsy] v'kk i/nrhpa! Hkkjrke/;s yksdla[;k tkLr

vlY;keqGs xfjch eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkgs- vusd lkekftd iz'u gkrkG.;klkj[ks

vkgsr- v'kk osGh vki.k ,[kknk lkekftd iz'u gkrkr ?ksÅu R;koj Hkjiwj dke dsya

ikfgts- ts.ksd:u rks iz'u gkrkG.;kpa lek/kku vkiY;kyk feGw 'kdsy- vls fopkj

R;kaP;k eukr ?kksGr vlr- Lor%ph vkfFkZd lqcRrk ok<Y;kuarj rh vk.k[kh

ok<fo.;k,soth brjkauk enr d:u R;kaps iz'u lksMok;ps vls leiZd fopkj o;kP;k

32 O;k o"khZ ,[kk|kP;k eukr ;s.ka gs ,d vk'p;Zp gksra-

40

;k nksUgh fopkjkaP;k }a}ke/;s 'kkafrykythauh fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh vkiyk

O;olk; can djk;pk vkf.k lkekftd dk;kZlkBh okgwu ?;k;pa- vusdkauk gk fopkj

ipuh iMr uOgrk- fdR;sd t.k 'kkafrykytahauk osMîkkr dk<r gksrs- ijarq

'kkafrykyth vkiY;k fopkjkaoj Bke gksrs- fcYMjpk /kank gk rlk ,dk fnolkr can

djrk ;sr ukgh- vusd fBdk.kh fcfYMaxph dkes pkyw gksrh] vla[; tkxk ?ks.;kr

vkysY;k gksR;k- dksVkZe/;s cjsp nkos izyafcr gksrs] ns.;k?ks.;kps vusd O;ogkj viw.kZ

gksrs] ;k loZ xks"VhadMs nqyZ{k d:u pky.kkj uOgra-

rlsp tj /kank can dsyk vkf.k Hkfo";dkGkr lkekftd dk;kZlkBh iS'kkph

xjt ykxyh rj rh d'kh Hkkxokoh R;klkBhps fu;kstu gkgh ,d egÙokpk VIik gksrk-

?kj vkf.k ifjokj ;kaph tckcnkjhgh iw.kZi.ks lkaHkkGk;ph gksrh- eqyckGa o R;kaps

Hkfo"; ;kykgh izk/kkU; |k;pa gksra- R;keqGs 1985 & 1995 ;k ngk o"kkZP;k dkGkr

R;kauh 50 VDds osG lkekftd dk;kZyk |k;pk o 50 VDds osG O;olk;krhy

jkfgysyh dkes iw.kZ dj.;klkBhP;k izfØ;syk |k;pk o 1995 uarj ek= 90 rs 95

VDds osG lkekftd dk;kZyk |k;pk o 5 rs 10 VDds osG O;olk;kyk |k;pk- vlk

fu.kZ; R;kauh 1985 yk ?ksryk- gk fu.kZ; ?ksr vlrkuk ;k ngk o"kk±P;k dkGkr v'kk

i/nrhP;k fcfYMax cka/kk;P;k dh R;k fod.;k,soth HkkMîkkus |k;P;k- ts.ksd:u nj

efgU;kyk HkkMs ;sr jkghy o R;k HkkMîkkrwu ?kjpk iziap o lkekftd dk;Z djrk ;sÅ

'kdsy- v'kkizdkjph ;kstuk R;kauh vk[kyh-

izR;sd xks"V cksy.ka [kwi lksia vlra- ijarq rs rarksrar fuHkko.ka gs [kwip

vo?kM vlra- 'kkafrykythaP;k ckcrhr vla gksr ukgh- rs ts fopkj djrkr] ts

fu;kstu djrkr] ts cksyrkr rs d:ugh nk[korkr- R;keqGs R;kauh 1985 iklwu

fuEek osGk lkekftd dkeklkBh |k;yk lq#okr dsyh o fuEek osG O;olk;klkBh

|k;yk lq#okr dsyh- R;k fuEE;k osGsr def'kZ;y fcfYMax cka/kwu HkkMîkkus ns.;kpk

fu.kZ;gh ?ksryk- v'kk i/nrhus 1985 uarj R;kauh lkekftd dk;kZr inkiZ.k dsya o

lkekftd dk;kZph eqgwrZes< jksoyh xsyh-

41

’kkafrykythauh lkekftd dk;Z dj.;kpk fu.kZ; o fu/kkZj dsyk- ijarqlq#okr dqBwu djkoh\ ;koj R;kauh 1985 e/;s [kwi l[kksy fopkj dsyk- R;kaph bPNko LoIu eksBa lkekftd dke djk.;kpa gksra- dMk ck…sMxe/;s vlrkuk fookgkojrhgks.kkÚ;k vuko';d [kpkZo:u 'kkafrykythaph >ksi mMr vls o R;k dkGkr rjgqaMîkkP;k izFksus ns'kHkjkr mxz :i /kkj.k dsys gksrs- rks ,d jk"Vªh; iz'u cuyk gksrk-gqaMk dk fnyk tkrks o ?ksryk tkrks ;koj 'kkafrykythauh [kwi fopkj dsyk o gqaMîkkpsewG fookgkrhy [kpkZr nMys vkgs dh dk;\ vla R;kauk okVw ykxya- tj ,[kk|kek.klkyk ,d eqyxk o ,d eqyxh vlsy rj eqyhP;k yXukyk o/kqfirk Hkjiwj [kpZdjhr vls o rks >kysyk [kpZ olwy dj.;klkBh eqykP;k yXukr gqaMk ekxr vls-Eg.kwu gqaMîkkpa ewG yXukP;k [kpkZr vkgs gs 'kkafrykythauh vksG[kya-

yksd yXukr tkLrhr tkLr [kpZ dk djrkr rj R;kauk tkLr izfr"Bk feGrs]yksd tkLr okgok djrkr- Eg.kwu yksda R;kP;k ,sirhis{kk tkLr [kpZ djrkr-vk;q";Hkj dkckMd"V djk;ps vkf.k feGoysyk iSlk nksu fnolkr [kpZ djk;pk-rlsp tj iSls toG ulrhy rj 'ksrh fodwu] dtZ dk<wu yXukr eksBk [kpZ djk;pkgs 'kkafrykythauk fofp= okVr gksra- ijarq yXukr [kpZ dj.kkÚ;k ek.klkoj Vhdkdj.;kis{kk ;k eq|kyk dkghrjh i;kZ; fnyk ikfgts- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh lkewfgdfookgkpk i;kZ; 'kks/kyk-

lkewfgd fookgke/;s ,dkp osGh 10&20 yXu >kY;kl R;k [kpkZphfoHkkx.kh gksÅ 'kdsy o izR;sdh [kpZ deh ;sbZy vls R;kauk okVr vls- eaMi] ykbZV]cW.M] dk;kZy; bR;knh cjkplk [kpZ gk lxGîkkalkBh ,dnkp gksÅu] ,dw.k [kpZcjkp deh gksbZy- yksdkaph la[;k FkksMh ok<sy] ijarq eksBk dk;ZØe >kY;kus lok±ukvkuan gksbZy- o/kw&ojkauk tkLrhr tkLr yksd vk'khokZn nsrhy] vls R;kauk okVs-izR;sd fBdk.kh yksdla[;sP;k ,d VDdk yXu njo"khZ gksr vlrkr- egkjk"Vªkphyksdla[;k R;k osGh vkB dksVh gksrh] Eg.kts njo"khZ egkjk"Vªkr ljkljh vkB yk[kyXu gksr gksrh- ljkljh yXukpk dehr deh [kpZ 15 gtkj #i;s x`ghr /kjyk rj R;kdkGkr QDr egkjk"Vªkr njo"khZ ckjk'ks dksVh #i;kapk [kpZ fookgke/;s dsyk tkrvlss- ;ke/;s cjkplk [kpZ gk jk"Vªh; ikrGhojph ukl/kwl gksrh- mnk- ik.kh] oht]fM>sy] isVªksy] vUu/kkU;kph uklkMh bR;knh- gk loZ [kpZ tj deh >kyk rj,dhdMwu xfjckauk R;kpk Qk;nk gksbZy o nqljhdMwu jk"Vªh; laiÙkhps tru gksbZy vls

9 : gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©Mr ^¸$_ nm`m^aUr

43

'kkafrykythauk okVr vls- 'ksoVh R;kauh lkewfgd fookgkph ;kstuk vaeykrvk.k.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- rls lkewfgd fookg R;k dkGh gksrp gksrs- ijarq T;kapadks.kkpa yXu gksr ulsy fdaok T;kaP;kdMs vftckrp iSlk ulsy v'kkapsfookg lkewfgd fookgkr gksr vlr- R;keqGs tsOgk lkewfgd fookgkph dYiuk'kkafrykythauh loZlkekU;kr tfo.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk rsOgk yksdkauk okVr vls dhT;kapa yXu gksÅ 'kdr ukgh fdaok ts [kwip xjhc vkgsr R;kapa yXu Eg.kts lkewfgdfookg - ;keqGs ;k dYiusyk dks.kh pkaxyk izfrlkn nsr uls-

'kkafrykythauh dks.krhgh la?kVuk LFkkiu dsysyh uOgrh- ijarq R;kaP;kMksD;kr loZ/kehZ; lkewfgd fookg djk;ps gksrs- R;kauh loZ/kehZ; lkewfgd fookgdj.;klkBh 1985 e/;s egkjk"VªkrY;k orZekui=kr eksBeksBîkk tkfgjkrh fnY;k- ijarqnqnSZokus R;kyk dks.khgh izfrlkn fnyk ukgh- ex 'kkafrykythauh oS;fDrd ikrGhojyksdkauk HksVwu lkewfgd fookgkps egÙo iVowu fnys- cÚ;kp yksdkauh vla lkafxryadh] rqEgh tSu lektkps vkgkr- ekjokMh lektkr Qkj tkLr [kpZ dsyk tkrks- vk/khrqEgh rqeP;k lektkps lkewfgd fookg djk o ex vkeP;kdMs ;k- v'kkizdkjs ghdYiuk yksdkauh /kqMdkowu ykoyh-

'kkafrykythauh euk'kh fopkj dsyk o tSu lektkps lkewfgd fookg dsysikfgtsr vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- rs iw.kZ egkjk"Vªkr fQ: ykxys- izR;sd xkokr tkÅu]rsFkhy nqdkukr tkÅu] tSu lektkph lHkk ?ksÅu] lkewfgd fookg dj.;kph fouarhdjhr- R;k osGh yksd 'kkafrykythauk glr o Vhdk djhr- dkj.k rs ifgY;kankpyksdkaleksj tkr gksrs- vusdkauk okVs] uqdrsp iSls feGkysr] jktdkj.kkr tk;pavlsy] Eg.kwu fQjrks vkgs- dkgh yksdkauk okVr gksra] iSls feGkys vkgsr] izfr"BkfeGfo.;klkBh tls yksd iz;Ru djrkr R;kryk ,d Hkkx vlsy- dkgh yksdkauhlkafxrya vk/kh rqeP;k ?kjkrya yXu djk] ex vkeP;kdMs ;k- 'kkafrykyth ;k loZckch ,sdwu ?ksr o fopkj djhr- R;kapk fu/kkZj iDdk gksrk-

'kkafrykythaps eksBs ca/kw jktey ;kaph dU;k 'khyk gh fookg;ksX; gksrh-'kkafrykythauh frP;klkBh LFkGa c?k.;kpa dke lq: dsya- ukf'kdyk ,d fBdk.khR;kauk ,d eqyxk ilar iMyk- fookg uDdh dj.;kiwohZ R;kauh ,d vV ?kkryh dh]eh gk fookg lkewfgd fookgkr dj.kkj vkgs] gs rqEgh ekU; djk o R;kP;k cnY;krrqEgh Eg.kky rs eh ,sdsu- ukf'kdP;k O;kgîkkauh fopkj dsyk] r#.k jDr vkgs]cksyrhy dkgh fnol vkf.k d:u nsrhy vkiya yXu osxGa] vls R;kauk okVr gksrs-Eg.kwu R;kauh 'kkafrykythaleksj lkewfgd fookgkr fookg dj.;kph vV ekU; dsyh olk[kjiqMk d:u ?ksryk-

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44

vkiY;k ?kjkrhy yXu uDdh >kY;keqGs 'kkafrykyth iqUgk egkjk"VªHkjfQjys o ekÖ;k ?kjkrya yXu lkewfgd fookgke/;s djk;pa Bjoya vkgs- rqeP;kgheqyk&eqyhapa yXu teowu rqEgh ;ke/;s yXu djk v'kh fouarh d: ykxys- lgkefgU;kP;k dkyko/khr 'kkafrykythauk pkj yXu teowu lkewfgd fookgkr vk.k.;kr;'k izkIr >kya- rs vfr'k; [kw’k gksÅu ukf'kdyk xsys vkf.k O;kgîkkauk lkafxrya dheh pkj yXu teoyh vkgsr vkf.k vkiya ikpoa yXu- vkrk yodj rkjh[k uDdhdjk Eg.kts vki.k lkewfgd fookg d:- vk/kh O;kgh Eg.kkys rqEgh gh pkj yXu vkrkd:u Vkdk] vkiya yXu fnokGh >kY;koj d:-

'kkafrykythauk gs ekU; uOgra- rs Eg.kkys fnokGh >kY;kojph rkjh[k uDdhdjk] vki.k lxGh yXu ,d= d:- 'ksoVh R;kaP;k O;kgîkkauh ukbZyktkLro R;kaps iRrs[kqys dsys o 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya dh] vkEgh lkewfgd fookgkr yXu dj.kkjukgh- 'kkafrykythauk vk'p;kZpk /kDdk clyk- dk; djkoa lqpsukla >kya- ,dhdMsHkkokph eqyxh R;k eqykcjkscj fQjysyh gksrh- lgk efgU;kr frus vusd LoIusjaxoysyh gksrh- frpa iw.kZ thou i.kkyk ykxya gksra- nqljhdMs 'kkafrykythauklkewfgd fookg ;k fo"k;koj ns'kkr eksBa dke djk;pa gksra- R;kapagh iw.kZ lkekftddk;Z i.kkyk ykxya gksra- f}/kk ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh- iqr.khpa osxGa yXu dsya rjlkekftd dke lksMwu |koa ykxsy o iqr.khpa yXu eksMwu nqlÚ;k fBdk.kh yXu uDdhd:u lkewfgd fookgkr dsya rj fryk o Hkkokyk dk; okVsy] o R;kaP;k LoIukapadk; gksbZy\ vls loZ iz'u fuekZ.k >kys gksrs- i.k vla Eg.krkr dh] v'kk osGhijes'oj /kkowu ;srks o dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k :ikus vkiY;kyk lgdk;Z djrks-

HkkÅ jktey o 'khyk ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya dh] eqykdMhyyksdkauh vk'oklu nsÅu ikGysya ukgh] R;keqGs rqEgh gs yXu eksMk o nqljhdMsekÖ;k eqyhpa yXu uDdh djk] Eg.kts rqeP;k lkekftd dk;kZe/;s ek>h vMp.k;s.kkj ukgh- 'kkafrykythaph ifjfLFkrh xaHkhj >kyh] dk; fu.kZ; ?;kok dGr uOgra-ijarq vk;q";Hkj lkekftd dke dj.;kpk fuÜp; i.k R;kauh dsysyk gksrk- Eg.kwuR;kauh ukf'kdpa Bjfoysya yXu eksMya o vkiY;k iqr.khlkBh nqljk eqyxk 'kks/k.;kpkiz;Ru dsyk- R;k osGh 'kkafrykythaps ,d fe= izoh.k HkaMkjh gs R;kaP;k cjkscjlkekftd dk;kZr vlr- izoh.k HkaMkjhaP;k pqyr Hkkokpa yXu Ogk;pa gksra] o R;kpqyr Hkkokps oMhy okjysys gksrs- 'kkafrykythauh gk eqyxk cf?kryk o izoh.kHkaMkjhauk fouarh dsyh dh] 'khykpa yXu vki.k enu HkaMkjh'kh ykoya rj\ izoh.kHkaMkjh o R;kaP;k ifjokjkph 'kkafrykytha'kh pkaxyh eS=h gksrh- R;kauh gk izLrko ekU;dsyk-

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vkrk rj eqykdMps o eqyhdMps yksd lkewfgd fookgklkBh iz;Ru d:ykxys- 'kkafrykythapk mRlkg ok<yk- rs laiw.kZ egkjk"VªHkj fQ: ykxys- xkokxkokrtkÅu tSu lektkP;k lHkk ?ksÅu] ^eh ekÖ;k ?kjpa yXu lkewfgd fookgkr djrks;]rsgh ifgya yXu eksMwu djrks;]* gs iksVfrMdhus yksdkauk lkaxr gksrs- lektkus R;kaphrUe;rk vksG[kyh o lektkyk 'kkafrykytahae/;s iq<kjhi.k u okVrk ,dk [kÚ;klkekftd dk;kZpk lqxa/k ;sÅ ykxyk- yksdkauh lkFk |k;yk lq#okr dsyh- cksyrkcksyrk 25 yXu 'kkafrykythauh teoyh o 25 es 1986 jksth tSu lektkP;k 25yXukapk lkewfgd fookg lksgGk ikj iMyk- iq.ks fo|kihBktoG ck.ksj jksMoj'kkafrykythaph ldkGuxj gh x`g;kstuk ¼cka/kdke½ pkyw gksrh- R;k fBdk.kh gs fookgeksBîkk FkkVkus dj.;kr vkys- R;ke/;s 'khykpk fookg >kyk- vkB&ngk gtkjki;±ryksd gtj gksrs- vusdkauh eukiklwu tksMI;kauk vk'khokZn fnys-

brD;k eksBîkk dk;ZØekps vk;kstu gs 'kkafrykythauk R;kaP;k vk;q";krizFkep dj.;kpk ;ksx ykHkyk- vla[; dk;ZdrsZ enrhyk vkys- dqByhgh la?kVukukgh] laLFkk ukgh] inkf/kdkjh ukgh v'kk ifjfLFkrhr ,d LoPN dke dj.;klkBh]dqBY;kgh vis{ksfouk yksd dkekyk ykxys- HkO; LVst] R;koj 25 o/kw] 25 oj oR;kaps 50 Lo;alsod vkf.k ,dw.k 10 gtkj yksdkaph mifLFkrh gk {k.k yksdkaP;kMksGîkkps ikj.ks QsM.kkjk Bjyk- 'kkafrykythaP;k lkekftd dk;kZP;k pGoGhP;k>ksGhe/;s ifgya ;'k iMya- ;k lkewfgd fookg lksgGîkke/;s vusd dk;ZdR;kZauheukiklwu enr o lgdk;Z dsys- R;kaP;keqGsp gk dk;ZØe ;'kLoh gksÅ 'kdyk- ;kpsJs; iw.kZi.ks ;k dk;ZdR;k±uk tkrs- ;k dk;ZdR;k±e/;s eq[;Rosd:u Jh- izoh.k HkaMkjh]Jh- v'kksd tSu] Jh- iz'kkar xka/kh] Jh- v'kksd HkaMkjh] Jh- veksyd HkaMkjh]Jh- /kujkt dVkfj;k] Jh- jkeyky flaxoh] Jh- foykl jkBksM] Jh- fj[kcyky HkaMkjh]MkW- ds- ,p- lapsrh] Jh- izeksn /kkMhoky] Jh- jktw dVkfj;k] Jh- psulq[k cksxkor]Jh- ckGklkgsc /kksdk] Jh- enuyky ugkj] Jh- fot; ikj[k] Jh- xkSrepan cksjk]Jh- lqgkl ikj[k] Jh- jktw yq.kkor] forjkx lsok la?k] Jh- iksiVyky lksGadh]Jh- fnyhi ugkj] Jh- fnyhi pksjfM;k] Jh- ekf.kd'ksB yq.kkor] Jh- lqokykypksjfM;k] Jh- lfpu cksjk] Jh- vftr lqjiqjh;k] Jh- xkSre eaMyspk] Jh- v'kksdNktsM] Jh- izoh.k pksjcsys] Jh- vHk; NktsM] Jh- ckcq'ksB dqokM] Jh- jktasnz lqjk.kk]Jh- Hkjr HkqjV] Jh- vfuy ugkj] Jh- usehpan lksGadh] Jh- jes'k uoy[kk] Jh- jes'kxqxGs] Jh- jes'k xVkxV] Jh- Qqypan dVkfj;k ;k lokZauh ,d efgukHkj vgksjk= esgur?ksÅu lnj lkewfgd fookg lksgGk ;'kLoh dj.;klkBh vkiyh loZ rkdn i.kkykykoyh o dk;ZØe ;'kLoh dsyk- gh yXus teorkuk 'kkafrykythauk [kwi ifjJedjkos ykxys- vusd eqyhauk eqya o eqykauk eqyh nk[kfo.;kpa dkegh R;kauk djkoaykxya- yXu teo.ka fdrh vo?kM vkgs gs 'kkafrykythauk vk.k[kh toGwu letya-

46

'kkafrykythauh ;k 25 yXukr ifgY;kankp Hkk"k.k dsya] rsgh Hkk"k.k fygwuvk.kwu okpwu nk[koya- dkj.k Hkk"k.k dj.;kph dqByhgh lo; 'kkafrykythaukuOgrh- ;k okpwu nk[kfoysY;k Hkk"k.kke/;s R;kauh yXu tefo.;kP;k izfØ;sojrh fparkO;Dr dsyh gksrh o R;klkBh o/kw&oj ifjp; esGkO;kps vk;kstu dj.;kps fuf'prdsys gksrs- 17 vkWxLV 1986 jksth fVGd Lekjd eafnj ;sFks] gk ifgyk o/kw&ojesGkok gks.kkj vkgs] vls Hkk"k.kke/;s R;kauh tkghj dsys-

lkewfgd fookgkuarj R;kapa y{k o/kw&oj esGkO;kdMs ykxys- R;klkBhghR;kauh [kwi ifjJe ?ksrys- T;kaps yXu gksr ukgh fdaok o; tkLr >kysys vkgs v'kko/kw&ojkaph jkax tkLr ykxw ykxyh- rjhgh 'kkafrykythauh o/kw&oj esGkO;kpk ntkZdlk vlkok o R;kph i/nr d'kh vlkoh gs fuf'pr d:u tkLrhr tkLreqyk&eqyhaP;k ikydkauk ,d= ;s.;kpa vkokgu dsya- ifgY;k o/kw&oj esGkO;kr100 is{kk vf/kd eqyk&eqyhaps ikyd mesnokjkauk ?ksÅu vkys- 'kkafrykythauhR;kaP;k ukokps iqLrd Nkiys o loZ eqyk&eqyhaP;k eqyk[krh LVstoj ,dVîkk'kkafrykythauh ?ksrY;k- yksdkauk eksBs vk'p;Z okVys-

;k o/kw&oj esGkO;krp 'kkafrykythauh iq<P;k o/kw&oj esGkO;kph rkjh[kuDdh dsyh o R;kP;kr frlÚ;k o/kw&oj esGkO;kph rkjh[k uDdh dsyh- 4&5efgU;kaP;k dkyko/khr 'kkafrykythauh rhu o/kw&oj esGkO;kaps vk;kstu dsys o rs;'kLohgh >kys- R;krwu th yXus teyh R;k tSu lektkP;k 51 yXukapk lkewfgdfookg lksgGk 25 tkusokjh 1987 jksth vkuanuxj] ikSM jksM] iq.ks ;sFks'kkafrykythaP;k pkyysY;k cka/kdkekP;k tkxsoj vk;ksftr dj.;kr vkyk-

vk/kh 25 yXu] ex rhu o/kw&oj esGkos] ex 51 yXu v'kh gh p<rhdeku ,d lkekftd Økarhph T;ksr ?ksÅu fu?kkyh gksrh o izR;sdkP;k thoukrhyva/k%dkj feVfo.;kpk iz;Ru djhr gksrh- c?krk c?krk T;ksrhps :ikarj e'kkyhe/;s>kys o dk;ZØekph O;kIrh ok<rp xsyh- 51 yXukauarj tSu lektkrhy vusdyksdkauh izsj.kk ?ksÅu vkikiY;k ftYgîkkr dehr deh 10&11 yXu dj.;kpk fu.kZ;?ksryk-

loZizFke vgenuxj fuoklh Jh eqdwanpanth nqxM ;kauh uxjyk tSulektkps lkewfgd fookg dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- R;kaps fpjatho Jh- v#.k o R;kapsfe= Jh-'kf'kdkar equksr ;kauh dk;kZph tckcnkjh Lohdkjyh-

vgenuxj ;sFks 11 yXua ikj iMyh- ex tGxkoyk Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu oJh- nyqHkkÅ tSu ;kauh lkewfgd fookgkpk eksBk dk;ZØe ?ksryk- cksyrk cksyrk vusdftYgîkkr tSu lektkps lkewfgd fookg gksÅ ykxys- lq#okrhyk vuar vMp.khvkysY;k ;k dkekr uarj brds HkjHk:u ;'k ;sbZy vls LoIukrgh dks.kkyk okVysuOgrs- vusdkaph lkFk feGw ykxyh- iq.;krhy lqizfl/n MkW- ds- ,p- lapsrh gs rj ;k

47

fookg lksgGîkke/;s pDd dk;ZdrkZ Eg.kwu ;sÅ ykxys- dkj.k R;kauk vkuan feGrvls- dk;ZØekps fu;kstu] LVstps fu;kstu] Hkkstukps fu;kstu] gs loZ MkW- lapsrhlgtxR;k djhr vlr- 'kkafrykyth v'kk dk;ZØekps fu;kstu brD;k lgt dlsd: 'kdrkr gs ikg.;klkBh brj lektkps yksd fdaok usrs mRlqdrsiksVh ;sr vlr-R;kiSdh 'ksrdjh la?kVusps usrs Jh- 'kjn tks'kh ;kaps mnkgj.k ?ks.;klkj[ks vkgs-

Jh- 'kjn tks'khauk 'kkafrykythaP;k ;k dk;ZdkS'kY;kps eksBs vk'p;Z odkSrqd okVs- R;kauh pkd.kps jfgoklh Jh- eksfrykyth lkadyk ;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kyko R;kauk lkafxrys dh] 'kkafrykythaaP;k izR;sd cSBdhr clwu R;kaP;k dk;Z'kSyhpsfujh{k.k dj.;kr eyk jl vkgs- R;keqGs rqEgh eyk R;kaP;k izR;sd cSBdhP;k fBdk.kh?ksÅu tkr tk- eksfrykyth gs dk;ZdR;k±P;k izR;sd cSBdhyk gtj jkgr vlr- rsOgk;srk ;srk rs 'kjn tks'khauk ?ksÅu ;sr- 'kjn tks'kh dk;ZdR;k±P;k cSBdhr izs{kdkae/;sdqBs clysys vkgsr gs dks.kkyk dGrgh uOgrs- d/kh d/kh 'kkafrykythaps y{kxsY;koj R;kauk LVstoj ;s.;kps fuea=.k fnys tkbZ] ijarq rs LVstoj ;sr ulr- ifgY;kehfVaxuarj 'kkafrykythauh 'kjn tks'khauk fopkjya] ^^lj] vki.k bFks ;srk] R;kpavkEgkyk vk'p;Z okVra] rqEgh LVstoj ;sr ukgh vkf.k cksyrgh ukgh- R;keqGs vkEghlaHkzekr iMyks vkgksr dh] vkiY;k eukr uDdh dk; vkgs\** 'kjn tks'khauh'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya] dh ^^eh 'ksrdjh la?kVuk pkyforks] ijarq rqEgh dk;ZØe dlsgkrkGrk] dk;ZdR;k±P;k ehfVax d'kk ?ksrk] fu;kstu dla djrk] yksdkauk izksRlkgu dlansrk] brjkadMwu dke dla d:u ?ksrk] gs lxGa ikgwu R;kpk mi;ksx eyk ekÖkh la?kVukpkyfo.;klkBh djrk ;sÅ 'kdrks- Eg.kwu eh ;k lxGîkk xks"Vhapa ckjdkbZus fujh{k.kdj.;klkBh ;sFks ;sr vlrks-**

'kkafrykythauk /kU; okVya- 'kjn tks'kh R;k dkGkr ,d [kwi eksBh O;Drho 'kkafrykyth ,d NksVs dk;ZdrsZ- ijarq brD;k eksBîkk O;Drhus brD;k NksVîkkdk;ZdR;kZdMs vusd osGk pdjk Vkdwu dk;ZØekph ikg.kh dj.ks] gs vizwi okVr gksrso gk brj dk;ZdR;k±uk lq[kn /kDdk gksrk- gs iqLrd fyfg.;kP;k fufeÙkkus tsOgk 'kjntks'kha'kh cksy.ka dsya rsOgk R;kauh vla lkafxrya dh] ^^'kkafrykythae/;s dkedj.;kph o d:u ?ks.;kph ,d vQkV 'kDrh vkgs] rkdn vkgs o dkS'kY; vkgs-brD;k ygkui.kh rs gs lxGa dk;Z dls ;'kLohjhR;k ikj ikMr gksrs] R;kapa gs ?kMîkkGdla pkyra gs ikg.;klkBh eh lkrR;kus tkr vls o R;k osGsiklwu eh ;k O;DrhP;kizsekr iMysyks vkgs o Hkkjkowu xsyks vkgs- 'kjn tks'kh Eg.kkys] eyk pkd.kyk ,ddkWyst dk<ko;kps gksrs- R;kosGh eh tehu rj ?ksryh] ijarq dkWystyk ijokuxh feGruOgrh- 'ksrdjh la?kVuk Eg.kwu jktdh; i{kokys yksd ekÖ;k dkWystyk ijokuxh nsruOgrs- eh gh ijokuxh feGfo.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauk e/;LFkh dsya o'kkafrykythauh R;k osGps eq[;ea=h Jh- 'kjnjkoth iokj ;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kwu 'kjntks'khaP;k laLFksyk dkWystph ijokuxh fnyh ikfgts vlk vkxzg iokjlkgsckadMs /kjyk-iokj lkgsckauh 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrys rqEgh ;k laLFkscjkscj] 'kjn tks'khacjkscj y{k?kkyr vlky rj eh ;k dkWystyk ijokuxh |k;yk r;kj vkgs- vla Eg.kwuiokjlkgsckauh dkWystyk ijokuxh fnyh o 'kjn tks'kh Eg.kkys]

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^^vkEgh 'kkafrykythaukp v/;{k dsya o rs dkWyst lq: dsya- vktgh rs dkWystmRd`"Vi.ks lq: vkgs o vktgh 'kkafrykyth R;kps v/;{k vkgsr-**

'kjn tks'kh R;k dkGkr R;kaP;k vusd Hkk"k.kkr lkaxr gksrs dh] ^^ehvk;q";kr rhu&pkj O;Drhauk [kwi ekurks] R;kr 'kkafrykythapa uko vkgsp!'kkafryky eqFFkk gh ,d vn~Hkqr O;Drh vkgs! 1985 e/;s R;kauh vk;ksftr dsysY;kvxnh ifgY;k lkewfgd fookg lekjaHkkP;k izlaxh R;kaP;k'kh ek>k ifjp; >kyk vkf.k;k cgqvk;keh O;fDreÙokua eh izHkkfor >kyks- R;kapa O;oLFkkiu dkS'kY;] R;kapanku'kwjRo] R;kaP;kryh dk;Z{kerk] R;kapk nkaMxk mjd] R;kaP;k LoHkkokrhy fouezrk]vknjkfrF;'khyrk] R;kapa lektlsospa osM] R;kapk Nkafn"Vi.kk ;k R;kaP;k xq.kkapheksfguh xsyh iapohl&rhl o"ksZ ekÖ;k eukoj vkgs\ ek= R;kauh ^tSu la?kVuk* lq:dj.;kP;k fojks/kkr eh gksrks- i.k la?kVuspa dke djrkuk R;kauh vk[kysY;k ;kstuk]okijysyh rÙos ekÖ;k ^'ksrdjh la?kVus*rgh vlkohr vls eyk okVys] brdh rh'kq/n] ikjn'kZd] dkS'kY;iw.kZ gksrh- 'kkafryky eqFFkkacíy eh brdap Eg.ksu]^R;kaP;krY;k ln~xq.kkaeqGs [kja rj rs ^Jhjke* gksÅ 'kdrkr- ijarq R;kaP;krY;kfouezrsyk jkelsod guqekukphp Hkwfedk ekU; vkgs! FkksMD;kr lkaxk;pa >kya rj ehvla Eg.ksu ek.klkyk Lor%e/;s ulysY;k xks"Vh ¼pkaxY;k½ tj nqlÚ;ktoG vlrhyrj R;kaps vkd"kZ.k okVrs] & ek>a rla >kya;~-**

'kkafrykythapa o; ygku vlrkuk] 'kjn tks'khapa dke brda eksBa vlrkuk]'kjn tks'kh brdk eku 'kkafrykythauk nsr gksrs] ;kr 'kkafrykyth Lor%yk /kU; ekurgksrs-

R;k dkGkr ,ds fno'kh m|ksxirh Jh- /kh:HkkbZ vackuh ;kaP;k orhus R;kapslg;ksxh Jh- pSuh ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk Qksu dsyk o lkafxrya dh] /kh:HkkbZ vackuh;kauk 'kjn tks'khauk HksV.;kph bPNk vkgs o R;kauk feGkysY;k ekfgrhizek.ks gs dke'kkafrykyth eqFFkk d: 'kdrkr] Eg.kwu vkEgh rqeP;k'kh laidZ lk/kyk vkgs-'kkafrykyth eqacbZyk xsys] pSuhauk HksVys] R;kaP;k dkekph ik'oZHkweh letwu ?ksryh-R;k dkGkr ^^ikrkGxaxk izkstsDVeqGs** 'kjn tks'khauh vackuhafo#/n eksBs ;q/n iqdkjysgksrs- ijarq /kh:HkkbZ vackuhauk 'kjn tks'khafo"k;h [kwi vkLFkk gksrh- R;kauk 'ksrdÚ;kaP;klanHkkZr eksBîkk izek.kkoj dke dj.;kph bPNk gksrh o R;klkBh 'kjn tks'khapk lYykgok gksrk- 'kkafrykythauh loZ xks"V letwu ?ksÅu 'kjn tks'khauk /kh:HkkbZ vackuhaukHksV.;kpk vkxzg /kjyk- vk/kh 'kjn tks'khauh rks /kqMdkowu ykoyk- uarj'kkafrykythauh R;kaP;k dkS'kY;kus] udkjkps :ikarj gksdkjke/;s dsya o 'kjn tks'khaukiVoya- rkjh[k uDdh dsyh o R;kauk ?ksÅu eqacbZyk xsys- /kh:HkkbZ vackuh] eqds'kvackuh] vfuy vackuh o R;kaps ofj"B vf/kdkjh ;kaph 'kjn tks'khacjkscj fnolHkj'ksrh o 'ksrdjh ;k fo"k;koj l[kksy ppkZ >kyh- vktgh 'kjn tks'kh ;k vkBo.khfoljr ukghr] ;kpa vk'p;Z okVra-

MkW- ds-,p- lapsrh ;kauhgh 'kkafrykythacíy vkiY;k Hkkouk O;Dr dsY;k-rs Eg.krkr] 'kkafrykyth ;k O;Drhpa eyk eksBa vk'p;Z okVra- ,d O;Drh O;olk;lksMwu nsÅu Lor%pk iSlk [kpZ d:u lektklkBh brda eksBa dke mHka d: 'kdrs rj

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v'kk O;Drhyk vki.k lkFk fnyhp ikfgts- eh 'kkafrykythaP;k dkekr ,d dk;ZdrkZEg.kwu tk.ka tkLr ilar djrks- dkj.k rsFks lxGs yksda lkj[ksp vlrkr- dq.khghygku ukgh] dq.khgh eksBk ukgh o dke dj.;kpk [kwi vkuan feGrks- 'kkafrykythizR;sd lYY;kpa rarksrar ikyu djrkr gs R;kapa oSf'k"Vîk vkgs- R;kaps fu;kstu vQkVvkgs- rs [kwi nwjn`"Vhps x`gLFk vkgsr- fdR;sd osGk eh Lor% dkSVqafcd ckcrhr lYyk?ks.;klkBh rs ekÖ;k is{kk fdrhgh ygku vlys rjh R;kaP;kdMs tkr vlrks- vls rsvktgh lkaxrkr- 'kkafrykythapk nqljk xq.k/keZ Eg.kts rs dks.kkP;kgh v/;kre/;kriMr ukghr o nqlÚ;k laLFkkr <oGk&<oG djhr ukghr- Lor% vkf.k Lor%pa dke;kP;k iyhdMs rs dkghp c?kr ukghr- R;keqGs R;kapk gk xq.k lxGîkkr tkLrvkoMrks-

is'kkua eh gkMkapk MkWDVj- R;keqGs gkMkaP;k l[kksy vH;klkyk] ekfgrhyki;kZ;p ukgh- i.k iUukl o"kk±P;k ekÖ;k izWfDVle/;s u vk<GysY;k v'kk xq.kkph,d O;Drh ekÖ;k leksj R;kfno'kh eh ikgkr gksrks] vuqHkfor gksrks & ^gkMkpk*lektlsod! 'kkafryky eqFFkk !! txkr 'kks/kwugh lkiM.kkj ukgh vlk lPP;k fnykpk]tkR;kp izxrh'khy] fufeZrh'khy] dqBY;kgh leL;soj vpwd mRrj 'kks/k.;kph ns.kxhykHkysyk] Økafrdkjh cnykpk l[kksy vH;kl dj.kkjk] izR;sd {k.k fo/kk;ddkeklkBhp okij.kkjk gk ek.kwl Eg.kts ,d vtc jlk;u vkgs- R;kaP;k lkeqnkf;dfookg ladYiuscíy eyk okVysY;k mRlqdrsiksVh izFke eh R;kauk HksVyks vkf.k vkEghex HksVrp jkfgyks- vkt brdh o"kZa >kyh rjh rh mRlqdrk vtwu rkthp vkgs- R;kauhfofo/k {ks=kr dsysY;k dk;kZr QDr rh foHkkxyh xsyh;- txkP;k ikBhojP;k gkMkP;kdks.kR;kgh rTKkyk ^gkMkpk lektlsod* vlysY;k ekÖ;k ;k fe=kP;k jlk;ukpafo'ys"k.k djrk ;sbZy vls eyk okVr ukgh!**

MkW- lapsrh ;kaph iRuh lkS- vuqjk/kk o eqyxk ijkx ;kaukgh 'kkafrykythacíy[kwi vknj vkgs- ijkx rj vusd osGk 'kkafrykythapk lYyk ?ksr vlrks] vlsgh R;kauhlkafxrys-

'kkafrykythaP;k lkewfgd fookgkP;k R;k dkGkr 'kjn tks'kh o MkW- lapsrh;kaP;k eqyk[krh ?ksr vlrkuk 'kkafrykythapa O;fDreÙo vxnh fu[kGi.ks O;Dr gksrgksra o R;kaP;k xq.kkapa eksteki dj.ka o rs 'kCnkr ekaM.ka gsgh tesukla okVr gksra-brD;k ygku o;kr Lor%pk O;olk; /kank lksMwu nsÅu v'kkizdkjph ftí ckGxwulkekftd dk;kZph lq#okr! Eg.kts lq#okrp tj v'kh vlsy rj 'ksoV dk; vlsy!!iq<a dk; dk; >kya gs ,sdwu ?ks.;kph mRlqdrk [kwip okVr jkgrs- v'kk izdkjs'kkafrykythaP;k dk;kZpk Jhx.ks'kk >kyk gksrk-

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'kkafrykythaP;k dk;ZØekP;k ;'kkph deku fnolsafnol oj p<rppkyyh gksrh- ;kps izfrlkn jkT;Hkj meVr gksrs- 1987 P;k njE;ku vejkorh ;sFks,d lkewfgd fookgkpk lksgGk vk;ksftr dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- 'kkafrykyth R;kaP;kdkgh dk;ZdR;k±leosr jk=h iq.;kgwu fu?kwu ldkGh vejkorhyk iksgkspys- ldkGhlkewfgd fookgkpk dk;ZØe vkVksiwu rlsp jk=h 10 oktrk iq.;kyk vkys-

R;k osGh iq.;kr tSu lektkP;k loZ lk/kw&lk/ohaP;k ,dk HkO; laesyukpavk;kstu dj.;kr vkya gksra- laiw.kZ Hkkjrkrhy LFkkudoklh lektkps gtkjkslk/kw&lk/oh ;k laesyuklkBh ik;h pkywu iq.;kr ;s.kkj vlY;keqGs ;k dk;ZØekykdaqHkesGîkkps :i izkIr gks.kkj gksrs-

tSu lektkrhy lk/kw&lk/oh ;kaps thou vfr'k; [kMrj vlrs- pkaxY;k?kjk.;kr tUe gksÅugh pkaxY;k izdkjps f'k{k.k >kY;kuarjlq/nk nh{kk ?ksÅu] loZ?kjnkj o /kulaiŸkh ;kapk R;kx d:u] czãp;Z ikGwu lk/kw&thou tx.;kpk ekxZ21 O;k 'kdrkr [kja rj v'kD;p Eg.kkok ykxsy- ;k laesyukyk lk{khnkj Eg.kwugtj jkg.;klkBh o ,dkp osGh gtkjks lk/kwps n'kZu ?ks.;klkBh tSu lektkrhyHkkfod o J/nkGw yksdkaph HkkjrHkjkrwu iq.;kr jkax ykx.kkj gksrh- lgk efgusvk/khiklwu ;k dkekph t¸;r r;kjh lq: gksrh- ^^vf[ky Hkkjro"kÊ; tSu dkWUQjUl**;kauh ;k dk;ZØekps vk;kstu dsys gksrs- R;ke/;s tSu lektkps laiw.kZ HkkjrkrhyeksBeksBs usrs] egku O;Drh] izfrf"Br O;Drh] osxosxGh ins Hkw"kfo.kkÚ;k loZ O;Drh;k dkWUQjUlP;k inkf/kdkjh gksR;k- R;keqGs gh ,d LFkkudoklh tSu lektkrhy [kwieksBh ns'kikrGhojhy ;a=.kk gksrh-

dk;ZØe 20 fnolkaoj vkyk gksrk o jkst la/;kdkGh egkjk"Vª eaMG] iq.ks;sFks dk;ZØeklkBh cSBdk gksr vlr- R;keqGs 'kkafrykyth vejkorhgwu jk=h mf’kjk;sÅu cSBdhr lgHkkxh >kys- rls 'kkafrykyth lkekftd dk;Z djhr vlY;keqGsvkiY;k dk;kZcjkscj brjkaP;k dk;kZykgh enr dj.ks gs R;kaps oSf'k"Vîk gksrs- loZizfrf"Br yksd cSBdhyk clys gksrs o loZ r;kjhapk vk<kok ?ksr gksrs- 'kkafrykythR;k fBdk.kh xsY;kuarj 'kkafrykythauk ,d osxGkp vuqHko vkyk- rsFkhy dkghizfrf"Br O;Drhauh 'kkafrykythauk fujksi fnyk dh] vkpk;Z vkuan_"khth e-lk- ;kauhrqEgkyk HksVk;yk cksyoys vkgs- jk= >kyh gksrh- ijarq vkpk;Z >ksiysys uOgrs- R;keqGs'kkafrykyth R;kaP;k vkns'kko:u R;kauk HksV.;klkBh R;kaP;k 'k;ud{kkr xsys-

10 : Am`moOZ - gmYwg§_obZmMo

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vkpk;ZJhauh 'kkafrykythauk vkiY;k toG cksykowu ?ksrya- 'kkafrykythauhoanu dsya] vkpk;Zthauh vk'khokZn fnys- vkpk;Zth 'kkafrykythauk ^HkkÅ* Eg.kr- rsEg.kkys ^^HkkÅ] vkiY;k lk/kqlaesyukpk dk;ZØe vxnh toG vkyk vkgs- ijarq eyk,dk xks"Vhph Qkj eksBh fpark vkgs- 3&4 yk[k yksda Hkkjrkrwu ;sFks ;s.kkj vkgsr]R;kaph jkg.;kph O;oLFkk egkuxjikfydsP;k loZ 'kkGkae/;s la;kstd eaMGhauh dsyhvkgs- ijarq ;k fBdk.kh laMkl&ckFk:eph O;oLFkk ukgh] jkg.;kph uhV O;oLFkk ukgh]cÚ;kp fBdk.kh 'kkGk can >kY;koj rsFks osxosxGs izdkj pkyrkr o lHkksorkypsokrkoj.k cjkscj ukgh] lqj{kkO;oLFkk ukgh- R;keqGs th O;oLFkk dj.;kr vkyh vkgsrh vkiY;k mi;ksxkph ukgh o vkrk i;kZ;h O;oLFkk dj.ks ØeizkIr vkgs o fnol [kwideh jkfgysys vkgsr- R;keqGs gh tckcnkjh rqEgh Lohdkjkoh-**

'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys ^^gh loZ eksBeksBh yksda dke djhr vkgsr- R;keqGs ehR;kr dk; d: 'kdrks]** vls Eg.kwu 'kkafrykyth Lor%ps vax dk<wu ?ksÅ ykxys] otckcnkjh VkG.îkkpk iz;Ru d: ykxys- dkj.k 'kkafrykythauk ;k loZ ckdhP;kyksdkacjkscj dke dj.;kph lo; uOgrh o 'kkafrykythaph dke dj.;kph i/nrbrjkais{kk [kwi osxGh gksrh- Eg.kwu rs tckcnkjh VkGr gksrs- ijarq vkpk;ZJhauh R;kauklkafxrya dh] HkkÅ] ek>a o; [kwi >kysya vkgs] gk ekÖ;k vk;q";kryk 'ksoVpk olokZr eksBk dk;ZØe vkgs] lektkps yk[kks yksd Hkkjrkrwu ;s.kkj vkgsr- eh o;kP;kvkBO;k o"kkZiklwu nh{kk ?ksryh vkgs o nh{kk ?ksÅu 75&80 o"ksZ >kysyh vkgsr-vkrki;±r loZ dkgh Qkjp pkaxys pkyysys vkgs- ijarq ;k dk;ZØekP;k osGh tjyksdkaph xSjlks; >kyh rj eyk osnuk gksrhy- ek>h bPNk gk 'ksoVpk dk;ZØe ;'kLoh>kyk ikfgts] v'kh vkgs- eyk vla okVra o dkWUQjUlP;k loZ yksdkaukgh vla okVrdh] gh tckcnkjh 'kkafrykythaoj fnyh rj rs ikj ikMw 'kdrhy- Eg.kwu gh tckcnkjhrqEgh ?;koh- 'kkafrykyth ,dne xaHkhj >kys] R;kauk gs loZ vukdyuh; gksra] R;kaukdkgh lqpsukla >kya-

,dhdMs brds eksBs egku vkpk;Z] R;kapk 'kCn Eg.kts czãokD; v'kh[;krh] laiw.kZ ns'kHkj ijes'ojkpa nqlja :i Eg.kts vkpk;Z gh lokZaph Hkkouk] ygkuo;kr nh{kk ?ksÅu 80 o"kk±i;±r laiw.kZ Hkkjr ik;h fiatwu dk<ysyk] ns'kkrhy lok±phR;kaP;koj vrwV J/nk] vkpk;ZJh vkuan_"khth Eg.kts izfrijes'oj o R;kauh dsysyhfouarh vkf.k nqljhdMs tSu lektkps vf[ky Hkkjro"khZ; tSu dkWUQjUlps inkf/kdkjho izfrf"Br O;Drh- 'kkafrykythauh ts lkekftd dk;Z lq: dsys rs Lor%P;k fgerhojlq: dsys- ;k loZ izfrf"Br O;DrhaP;kiSdh dks.kkykgh u fopkjrk] dks.kkphghijokuxh u ?ksrk] dks.kkpsgh lgdk;Z u ?ksrk ^,dyk pyks js* ;k uhrhus 'kkafrykythlkekftd dk;Z djhr gksrs-

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R;krwu tSu lektkph 25 yXu] R;kuarj 51 yXu o in;k=k ;krwu'kkafrykythauk feGkysyk Hkj?kksl ikfBack] R;keqGs mHkjra uohu usr`Ro gs tSulektkP;k R;k osGP;k izfrf"Br O;Drhauk vkOgku okVr gksra- R;kauk 'kadk gksrh dh];k usr`RokeqGs R;kaP;k usr`Rokoj xnk ;sbZy- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythadMs c?krkuk vfr'k;osxGîkk utjsus c?k.kkjs R;k osGh usrseaMGh v'kk ;k nksUgh osxosxGîkk 'kDrh] ;ke/;s'kkafrykythaph eksBh iapkbZr >kyh- 'kkafrykythaP;k eukr iky pqdpqdyh- dnkfprekÖ;k vaxkoj gh tckcnkjh Vkd.;klkBh lektkrhy izfrf"Br O;Drhauhvkpk;ZJhaP;k }kjs eyk gh fouarh djkoh Eg.kts eh vkpk;Zthauk ukgh Eg.kw 'kd.kkjukgh o 10&12 fnolkr brda eksBa dke gksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh o 'kkafrykythaP;kukokoj vi;'kkps [kkij QksMys tkbZy] v'kkizdkjph ;kstuk dkgh usrs eaMGhaP;kMksD;kr vlw 'kdsy vlk Hkkl fuekZ.k >kyk-

R;keqGs 'kkafrykythauh vkpk;ZJhaleksj cksyrk cksyrk ;k loZ xks"VhapkrRdkG R;kp fBdk.kh fopkj d:u vlk fu.kZ; fnyk dh] vkpk;ZJh rqeP;kvk;q";kryk gk tks lokZr eksBk izlax vkgs] ;k dk;ZØeke/;s ;s.kkÚ;k yksdkaph loZO;oLFkk brD;k deh fnolkrlq/nk eh d:u nsÅ 'kdsu] rqEgh fuf’par jkgk] dkGthd: udk] eh rqeP;k ukokyk /kDdk ykxw ns.kkj ukgh] gh tckcnkjh eh Lohdkjk;ykr;kj vkgs- vkpk;ZJhauk vfr'k; lek/kku okVys o R;kauh lqVdspk 'okl lksMyk-

'kkafrykythauh uezi.ks vls lkafxrys dh] ;kcíy ekÖ;k rhu vVh vkgsr- ;krhu vVh tSu dkWUQjUlP;k inkf/kdkÚ;kauh Ñik d:u ekU; djkO;kr Eg.kts eykek>s dke dj.ks lksis gksbZy o eh laiw.kZ tckcnkjh ikj ikMw 'kdsu- vkpk;ZJhauhfopkjys dks.kR;k rhu vVh\ 'kkafrykythauh mŸkj fnya %

1½ ;k loZ yksdkaph O;oLFkk o la;kstu djrkuk eh dkWUQjUldMwu ,dgh uok i Sl k?ks.kkj ukgh o ;klkBh ykx.kkjk loZ [kpZ eh ekÖ;k iS'kkrwu djhu-

2½ fnol Qkj deh vkgsr o eyk ek>a dke djrkuk] eh ekÖ;k n`"Vhus oekÖ;k i/nrhus dke djrks- R;klkBh dkWUQjUlP;k dqBY;kgh inkf/kdkÚ;kusekÖ;k dkeke/;s n[ky nsÅ u;s-

3½ eh dkWUQjUlP;k LVstoj tkÅu dke dsY;kcíy lRdkj Lohdkj.kkj ukgh-

;k rhu vVh tj ekU; vlrhy rj eh laiw.kZ tckcnkjh Lohdkjk;yk r;kjvkgs-

vkpk;ZJhauk ;k rhugh vVhaps eksBs dkSrqd okVys- R;kauh fopkjya ;k vVh?kky.;kekxpa dkj.k dk;\ 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrya dh] eykLok;Ÿkrk ikfgts o ekÖ;k dkeke/;s eyk dks.kkph vkMdkBh udks-

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vkpk;ZJhauh dkWUQjUlP;k yksdkauk ,d= cksykoya o 'kkafrykyth dke djk;ykr;kj vkgsr o ;k R;kaP;k rhu vVh vkgsr- ;kcíy rqepa dk; Eg.k.ka vkgs rsfopkjya- lokZauh R;k vVh ekU; dsY;k o 'kkafrykythauh laiw.kZ dkekph tckcnkjhLohdkjyh- gk 'kkafrykythaP;k vk;q";krhy [kwi lÙoijh{kspk {k.k gksrk] vla Eg.kkoaykxsy- nqlÚ;k fno'kh ldkGh 'kkafrykythauk dkgh fe=kauh vla lkafxrya dh] rqEghQlykr] rqeP;k vaxkoj gh tckcnkjh Vkdwu] ;k dkekP;k vi;'kkps /kuh Eg.kwurqepa uko cnuke dj.;kpk iz;Ru dkgh yksd djhr vkgsr- 'kkafrykythauk vlaghlkax.;kr vkya dh dkyp jk=h MsDduP;k iwue gkWVsye/;s dkgh yksd tsok;yk ,d=vkys o R;kauh lkafxrya dh] vkrk 'kkafrykyth eksBîkk vMp.khr lkiMys vkgsr oR;kapa uko [kjkc gksbZy- gs dke rs brD;k deh fnolkr ;'kLoh d: 'kd.kkj ukghro vkiY;k usr`Rokyk fnysya vkOgku 15 fnolkr xGwu iMsy- ijarq 'kkafrykythauh;k dks.kR;kgh xks"Vhoj fo'okl Bsoyk ukgh- 'kkafrykythauh dke Lohdkjrkuk QDrvkpk;ZJh o R;kaph bPNk] lektkph izfrek] lk/kqlarkaph xfjek ;kp xks"Vhapk fopkjdsyk o HkyR;k xks"Vh lkax.kkÚ;k yksdkauk rs cGh iMys ukghr-

'kkafrykythapa dk;ZdkS'kY; osxGap- R;kauh R;k dkGkr Vsfyxzke d:u loZdk;ZdR;k±ph cSBd cksykoyh- c?krk c?krk dkgh rklkrp gtkjks dk;ZdrsZ xksGk >kys-'kkafrykythauh dkekP;k foHkkx.;k dsY;k] dk;ZdR;k±uk izksRlkgu fnya o vkysY;ktckcnkjhph tk.kho d:u fnyh- ijarq rso<îkkus Hkkx.kkj uOgra- ;s.kkÚ;k yk[kksyksdkaph O;oLFkk d'kh o dqBs djk;ph gk iz'u 'kkafrykythauk lkj[kk HksMlkorgksrk- 'kkafrykythauh ;qDrh dk<yh- uqdrhp R;kauh izeksVj&fcYMj vlksfl,'kuphLFkkiuk dsyh gksrh- ;k vlksfl,'kuph R;kauh ,d rkrMhph cSBd cksykoyh- loZfcYMlZuk fouarh dj.;kr vkyh dh] iq.ks 'kgjkr brdk eksBk /kkfeZd dk;ZØe gksrvkgs- R;keqGs rqeP;k T;k T;k bekjrh r;kj vlrhy] rsFks ¶yWVpk rkck ¶yWVgksYMjyk ns.;kiwohZ rhu fnolkalkBh lnj ¶yWV~l ikgq.;kalkBh miyC/k d:u |kos-vls Hkkofud vkokgu dsys- iq.;krhy eksBeksBîkk fcYMlZuh 200&400&500¶yWVl~ ;k dkeh vkWQj dsys- brdsp uOgs rj R;k fcYMlZuh rsFks ikgq.;kalkBh xk|k]ika?k:.k] pgk&ik.kh bR;knhph lq/nk O;oLFkk dsyh-

'kkafrykythauh dk;ZØekP;k fBdk.kh eksBk Lokxrd{k mHkk dsyk o loZHkkjrkrhy ;s.kkÚ;k ikgq.;kaph vfr'k; mRd`"V O;oLFkk Bsoyh- R;kaph iq.ks n'kZuphO;oLFkk dsyh- vkysys loZ yksd vfr'k; [kw’k >kys- myVi{kh Hkkjrkrhy loZ yksdts 'kkafrykythauk vksG[kr uOgrs rs loZt.k R;kauk vksG[kw ykxys o 35 o"kk±pk ,d;qod dk; d:u nk[kow 'kdrks ;koj lk/kwlaesyukr ppkZ lq: >kyh- vkpk;ZJhapsvk'khokZn vlY;keqGs gs loZ dke 100 VDds ;'kLoh gks.kkjp gksrs- dke R;kaP;k

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vk'khokZnkus >kys- i.k uko 'kkafrykythaps >kys- dk;ZØe vfr'k; ;'kLoh ikjiMyk- dks.krkgh vuqfpr izdkj ?kMyk ukgh-

v'kk i/nrhus iqUgk ,dnk v'kD; dke 'kD; dj.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauhR;kaph 'kDrh] dkS'kY; o iSlk i.kkyk ykoyk o iqUgk ,dnk R;kaps dr`ZRo R;kauh fl/nd:u nk[kfoys- brD;k eksBîkk izek.kkoj dke dj.;kph la/kh feG.ka o R;k la/khpalksua d:u nk[ko.ka o R;krwu ,d O;fDreÙo fu[kGwu ckgsj ;s.ka o R;kph {kerkosxosxGîkk eksBîkk dk;ZØekus ok<rp tk.ka gs lkrR;kus pkywp jkfgya- 'kkafrykythaukvkpk;ZJhaps Hkjiwj vk'khokZn feGkys-

rls vkpk;ZJh o 'kkafrykythaps laca/k vfr'k; osxGs- 'kkafrykythauhLor%pk dke/kankgh lq: dsyk ulsy rsaOgk 1980 lkyh vkpk;ZJh vgenuxjykvlrkuk] R;kauh 'kkafrykythauk cksykoys gksrs o vgenuxjP;k rsFkhy LFkkudktoG,d vfrFkhx`g cka/k.;kph dYiuk R;kauh leksj Bsoyh gksrh o gs vfrFkhx`g rqÖ;kiS'kkus cka/kys ikfgts v'kh bPNk R;kauh 'kkafrykythadMs O;Dr dsyh gksrh-'kkafrykythauh R;kp {k.kh vkpk;ZJhaph bPNk iw.kZ dsyh-

,dnk vkpk;ZJhauh 'kkafrykythauk toG cksykowu ?ksrya vkf.k lkafxrys^vjs 'kkafryky rw vktwu [kwi ygku vkgsl- ijarq rqyk ekfgrh ukgh rqÖ;k gkrwuikB'kkGsps [kwi eksBs dke ns'kkr gks.kkj vkgs- vkf.k [kjks[kjp 'kkafrykyth ygkugksrs ijarq ckgsj vkY;koj 'kkafrykythauk okVya vkpk;ZJh dk; cksyrkgsr gs eykdkgh dGr ukgh- eyk ikB'kkGsr rj dqBykgh baVjsLV ukgh vkf.k dkghrjh osxGklanHkZ vkpk;ZJhauh fnyk vlsy vla letwu 'kkafrykythauh rks fo"k; lksMwu fnyk-

ijarq dkykarjkus 2001 iklwu 2012 i;±r tsaOgk 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr'kkafrykyth dke d: ykxys o R;keqGsp 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr dke dj.;kph cq/nh R;kauklqpyh o R;kn`"Vhus iq<s okVpky pkyw vkgs- rsOgk R;kauk vkBo.k >kyh dh]vkpk;ZJhauh ygkui.kh ikB'kkGspa dke 'kkafrykythadMwu gks.kkj vkgs gs ts Hkkdhrdsya gksra rs 2012 e/;s [kja >kY;kpa fl) >kya gksra- R;keqGs vkpk;ZJhapk'kkafrykythaP;k MksD;koj gkr gksrk o HkjHk:u vk'khokZn feGkyk gksrk- Eg.kwup'kkafrykyth iq<P;k dkGkrgh eksBeksBh vkOgkus isyr gksrs- vls osxosxGîkk izdkjpsvuqHko 'kkafrykythauk R;kaP;k thoukr ;srp gksrs-

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'kkafrykythauh iq.ks 'kgjkr loZ/kehZ; lkewfgd fookgkP;k eksBîkk dk;ZØekps vk;kstudj.;kpk fu/kkZj dsyk- R;k ikBhekxs 'kkafrykythaph Hkwfedk v'kh gksrh izR;sd xkokryksdkauk vls okVr vls dh lkewfgd fookg dj.ks Eg.kts [kwi ftfdjhps dke vkgs][kwi vo?kM vkgs- ,dk yXukr brds d"V djkos ykxrkr rj lkewfgd fookgkr fdrhd"V djkos ykxr vlrhy- R;keqGs lkewfgd fookgkpk dk;ZØe vfr'k; vo?kMvkgs- v'kk izdkjpk ckÅ dk;ZdR;k±P;k eukr fuekZ.k gksr gksrk- gk ckxqycqok nwjdj.ka 'kkafrykythauk egÙokpa okVr gksra- rlsp loZp tkrh/kekZph yXu ,dkpO;klihBkoj d:u fookglkj[kk ifo= dk;ZØe o /kkfeZd dk;ZØe ,d= dsY;klloZ/keZ leHkko gh Hkkoukgh :tsy v'kh vusd mfí"Vs gksrh-

'kkafrykythauh loZ/kehZ; HkO; dk;ZØekps vk;kstu iq.ks 'kgjkr dsys-7 tkusokjh 1988 gh rkjh[k uDdh >kyh- ;klkBh ,l-ih- dkWystps eSnku HkkMÓkkus?ks.;kr vkys- lq#okrhyk 'kkafrykythaph bPNk gksrh dh 300&400 yXu ,d=djkohr o R;ke/;s loZ tkrh/keZ lekfo"V vlkosr- tj brdk eksBk dk;ZØe vki.k;'kLoh d:u nk[kfoyk rj R;klkBh egkjk"Vªkrwu ;s.kkÚ;k loZ dk;ZdR;k±uk ;krwu,d izsj.kk feGsy- tj ,d O;Drh 200&400 yXu ,d= d: 'kdrs rj vki.kvkiY;k ftYgîkkr funku 11 yXu rjh dk d: 'kd.kkj ukgh\v'kk i/nrhusdk;ZdR;k±e/;s vkRefo'okl fuekZ.k gksbZy o dk;ZdrsZ ftYgk ikrGhoj v'kkizdkjpsdk;ZØe vk;ksftr d: 'kdrhy- gk ;k vk;kstukekxpk 'kkafrykythapk mís'k gksrk-R;k n`"Vhuh R;kauh dk;kZl lq#okr dsyh-

egkjk"Vªkr in;k=sP;k vk;kstukr T;k T;k dk;ZdR;k±uh] yksdkauh]lkekftd la?kVukauh lgHkkx ?ksryk gksrk] v'kk lok±uk ;klkBh izksRlkfgr dj.;krvkys- izR;sd tkrh&/kekZrhy R;kaP;k&R;kaP;k /kkfeZd o lkekftd la?kVuk ;kaP;k'khlaidZ lk/k.;kr vkyk- vkfnoklh Hkkxkr dke dj.kkÚ;k egku lkekftd usR;kJherh vuqrkbZ ok?k ;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/k.;kr vkyk o 'kkafrykythaP;kdk;ZdkS'kY;kus] pkrq;kZus loZ fBdk.kh eksBîkk izek.kkoj ikBiqjkok dj.;kr vkyk-c?krk c?krk 200&400 P;k ,soth 625 fookg uDdh >kys- T;ke/;s tSu]vkfnoklh] ekgs'ojh] rkacksGh] eqLyhe] rsyh] dksGh] vxzoky] f[kz'pu] ejkBk]czkã.k] f'k[k] fganw o brj vusd tkrh/kekZph yXu lekfo"V >kyh- vkrk 625yXukapk dk;ZØe ikj ikM.ks gs 'kkafrykythaleksj vkOgku gksrs- brdsp uOgs rj

11 : gd©Y_u` gm_y{hH$ {ddmhmMm^ì`-{Xì` gmohim

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R;kaP;k R;kaP;k tkrh /kekZizek.ks] jhfrfjoktkizek.ks gk fo/kh ikj ikM.ks gs R;kgwughvkOgku gksrs- ijarq 'kkafrykyth v'kk vkOgkukauk lkeksjs tk.;kph rkdn ckGxrkr-fdacgquk ijes'ojp R;kaP;k gLrs R;kaP;k :ikus v'kk izdkjph eksBh o v'kD; dkesd:u ?ksr vlrks vlsp Eg.kkos ykxsy- dkj.k v'kk izdkjpk brdk eksBk osxosxGîkk/kkfeZd fo/khauh ;qDr vlk dk;ZØe ;'kLohi.ks ikj ikM.ks Eg.kts ijes'ojkP;kvk'khokZnkf'kok; gs 'kD;p gksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh-

625 o/kw] 625 oj o R;k izR;sdkpk ,d Lo;alsod vls 2500 yksdkapsLVst r;kj dj.ks gs ,d LoIukrhyp dke Eg.kkos ykxsy- LVstp 2500 yksdkapavlsy rj cSBd O;oLFkk fdrh yksdkaph vlw 'kdsy ;kpk fopkj u dsysykp cjk-LVst HkO; fnO; vlkos] gs lkewfgd fookg vfr'k; pkaxys Ogkosr] ts.ksd:ulkewfgd fookgkyk loZekU;rk] tuekU;rk] lektekU;rk o /keZekU;rk feGkoh gk'kkafrykythapk mís'k gksrk- R;klkBh Lor%pk loZ iSlk rs [kpZ dj.;kl r;kj gksrs] gs,d oSf'k"Vîkp Eg.kkoa ykxsy- Jh- dkrksjs ekaMookys ;kaP;k'kh 'kkafrykythauh ppkZd:u 650 QwV ykac o 13 etyh map LVst mHkkj.;kr vkya- nksu&vMhp efgusLVstpa dke pkyw gksra- R;keqGs laiw.kZ iq.ks 'kgjke/;s gk lkewfgd fookg Eg.kts ,duo[kk o fo'ks"k dk;ZØe Eg.kwu lxGhdMs ppkZ lq: >kyh-

loZ izdkjps /kkfeZd fo/kh ikj ikM.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh loZ/keZxq:acjkscj ppkZ d:u R;kaps fo/kh ikj ikM.;kph i/nr r;kj dsyh- gtkjksdk;ZdR;kZauk dkekyk ykoys] gtkjks dk;ZdrsZ 'kkafrykythauh xksGk dsys] R;kaP;kojR;kauh osxosxGîkk tckcnkÚ;k lksifoY;k o vkivkiY;k xkokrwu eqyk&eqyhapsoÚgkM iq.;kyk vk.k.;klkBh eksBîkk izek.kkoj ;a=.kk jkcoyh- laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkrwuyksdkauh vfr'k; eukiklwu ikfBack fnyk- cjhp oÚgkMa Vªduh vk.k.;kr vkyh-vusd fBdk.kh iksfylkauh Vªd vMfoys- ijarq lkewfgd fookg lksgGîkkpk cWuj ikgwuloZp Vªduk lUekukus lksM.;kr vkys- vusd yksdkauh jLR;kr o xkoke/;s pgkik.kho tso.kkph O;oLFkk dsyh-

iq.ks 'kgjkrhy fuEE;kis{kk tkLr eaxy dk;kZy;s oÚgkMhalkBh ?ks.;krvkyh- osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh oÚgkMh Bsowu ,l- ih- dkWystP;k xzkÅaMojrh R;kaukvk.k.;kph izfØ;k iw.kZ dj.;kr vkyh- yk[kks yksdkaph rqMqac xnhZ] ,l-ih-dkWystP;k xzkÅaMyk ;k=sps Lo:i izkIr >kys gksrs o izR;sd dkukdksiÚ;kr ek.kwlpek.kwl vls fp= fuekZ.k >kys gksrs- lk;Ul dk¡xzslP;k dk;ZØekP;k fufeŸkkus R;k osGpsiariz/kku Jh- jktho xka/kh iq.;kr vkys gksrs- R;kauh ;k lksgGîkkyk gtj jkg.;kphlaerh n'kZoyh gksrh- ijarq eksBîkk izek.kkojph xnhZ o R;keqGs fuekZ.k gks.kkjs lqj{kspsiz'u ;k loZ ckch y{kkr ?ksÅu ek- jktho xka/kh ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk fujksi ikBfoyk

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o o/kw&ojkauk vk'khokZn fnys o fnyfxjh O;Dr dsyh- dsanz ljdkjps m|ksxea=hJh- ,u-ds-ih- lkGoh] Jh- 'kjnjkoth iokj] dsanzh; x`gea=h cqVkflax ;kaP;klg vusdekU;oj ;k dk;ZØekl mifLFkr gksrs- 7 tkusokjh 1988 P;k lk;adkGh 6-30 oktrkyk[kks yksdkaP;k t;?kks"kkus o VkGîkkaP;k dMdMkVkus 625 o/kw&ojkauk vk'khokZn izkIr>kys- vlk HkO; o fnO; /kkfeZd] lkekftd lksgGk c?kwu ijes'ojkpslq/nk eu Hk:uxsys ulys rj uoyp!

brdk eksBk dk;ZØe] brds oÚgkMh ckgsjxkoko:u ;s.kkj] brD;kosxosxGîkk izdkjph eaxy dk;kZy;s] rsFks R;kaph jkg.;kph] tso.kkph O;oLFkk] rsFkwu,l- ih- dkWystoj ;s.ks] frFkyk HkO; fookg lksgGk] fookgkuarj yk[kks yksdkaphtso.kkph O;oLFkk] fookg >kY;koj iqUgk vkivkiY;k xkoh tkbZi;±rph O;oLFkk ;klxGîkk ckchrwu ,dgh vuqfpr izdkj u ?kM.ks] ,dgh vMp.k u ;s.ks] ,dghekukiekukph ?kVuk u ?kM.ks] oÚgkMkP;k ,dkgh xkMhyk vi?kkr u gks.ks] ,dkghO;Drhus /kkfeZd fo/khcíy rØkj u dj.ks] ,dgh o/kw&oj vnyk&cny u gks.ks] loZxks"Vh osGsoj BjY;kizek.ks ikj iM.ks] ,dgh oLrw u gjo.ks] dqBY;kgh izdkjphvMp.k fuekZ.k u gks.ks ;k loZ xks"Vh nSoh ladsrkf'kok; 'kD;p gksÅ 'kdr ukghr-

vkiY;k ?kjkr ,dk yXukpa vk;kstu djrkuk vkiY;k ukdhuÅ ;srs-efgukHkjkiklwu r;kjh pkyw vlrs] lxGîkkaph rkjkacG mMrs] gs lkiMr ukgh rslkiMr ukgh] gs dq.kh djk;pa rs dq.kh djk;pa] ;kpk ekukieku gh ,dk yXukrgks.kkjh /kkany ikgrk R;kP;k rqyusus gk HkO;fnO; lksgGk ;'kLoh gks.ks Eg.ktsLoxkZrhy nsonsorkaph i`Fohrykojhy HkkjrkP;k tursyk vk'khokZn ns.;kpkp Hkkxvlkok vls okVrs-

;k lkewfgd fookgkps ,d oSf'k"Vîk gs gksrs dh Bk.ks dkslckMe/kwu Fkksjlkekftd dk;ZdR;kZ Jherh vuqrkbZ ok?k ;kaP;k usr`Rokus 100 is{kk tkLr vkfnoklhlektkrhy o/kw&oj iq.;kr ikBfo.;kr vkys gksrs- ;k loZ tksMI;kauk iq.ks ;sFksikBfo.;klkBh ,d eksBh dk;ZdR;kZaph QGh fuekZ.k dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- R;ke/;sdqekj fcYMlZps ekyd Jh yyhrdqekj tSu] feŸky fcYMlZps Jh }kjdk feŸky];kaP;kcjkscj jes'k uoy[kk] ykypan pksjfM;k] v'kh 100 dk;ZdR;k±ph fu;qDrhdj.;kr vkyh- fo'ks"k Eg.kts vkfnoklh lektke/;s fookgkph i/nr osxGh vkgs] gsiq.ksdjkauk lkewfgd fookgkP;k osGh letys- vkfnoklh lektke/;s fookgygkui.khp uDdh gksrkr- lok±P;k ijokuxhus uojk&ck;dks ,d=gh jkgrkr] R;kaukeqyackGagh gksrkr- ijarq T;k osGh R;k ?kjk.;kdMs iSlk ;sbZy o rs xksB Eg.kwu lok±uknk:ph ikVhZ nsrhy R;k osGh rs fookg lekjaHk lktjk djhr vlrkr- rksi;±reqyxk&eqyxh ,d= jkgwu R;kauk eqygh gksrkr- gh i/nr iq.ksdjkauk ekfgrh uOgrh-

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tsOgk dkgh o/kw&oj R;kaP;k eqykckGkalg LVstoj xsys rsOgkp QDr 'kgjkrY;kyksdkauk ;k fookg i/nrhpk orZekui=kP;k ek/;ekus myxMk >kyk-

;klg vla[; vuqHko 'kkafrykythauk ;k dk;ZØekrwu feGkys- izR;{kvk;kstu d:u R;kph tckcnkjh Lohdkj.ks] ts dkgh pkaxya gksbZy rsdk;ZdR;k±P;keqGs o dks.krkgh vuqfpr izdkj >kyk rj R;kph tckcnkjh 'kkafrykythLor% ?ksr vlr- v'kkizdkjP;k dk;ZØekP;k vk;kstukps /kkMl dj.ks] loZ /keZxq:aukletwu lkax.ks] loZ tkrh/kekZrY;k yksdkauk fookgklkj[kk ifo= fo/kh ,d= dj.;kpsvokgu d:u] rs ;'kLoh d:u nk[kfo.ks] brD;k eksBîkk dk;ZØekps fu;kstu dj.ks]gtkjks dk;ZdR;k±uk izksRlkgu ns.ks] tckcnkÚ;k okV.ks] R;kpk vk<kok ?ks.ks gsgh dke rsdjhr- /kkfeZd fo/kh] iw.kZ egkjk"Vªkrwu ;s.kkjs oÚgkMh] loZ eaxy dk;kZy;krhyO;oLFkk] R;kaph pgk&ik.kh] uk'rk] tso.kkph lks; dsysyh gksrh- HkO; LVstpscka/kdke] yk[kks yksdkaph cSBd O;oLFkk] Ogh-vk;-ih- yksdkauk ;ksX; fuea=.k o ekufnyk tkr gksrk- loZ /kkfeZd fo/kh osGsoj] izR;sd o/kw&ojkyk ,d izf'kf{krLo;alsod] R;k Lo;alsodkps izf'k{k.k] i=dkj] brj ek/;es ;kaph O;oLFkk] osGspafu;kstu] okgurG O;oLFkk] yksdkaph O;oLFkk v'kk vla[; izdkjP;k O;oLFkkiukpsdkS'kY;- o;kP;k 35 O;k o"khZ ,[kk|k ek.klkP;k vaxh brds loZ xq.k vlw 'kdrkrgh dYiusP;k iyhdMph xks"V gksrh- v'kkizdkjpa gs vn~Hkqr O;fDreÙo o R;kaP;k}kjs?kM.kkjs vn~Hkwr dk;Z o R;keqGs laiw.kZ ns'kkyk feG.kkjh izsj.kk- v'kk O;Drh;ksxk;ksxkusp d/khrjh tUekyk ;srkr o lektkus ;kpk Hkjiwj Qk;nk d:u ?ksrykikfgts vls EgVY;kf'kok; jkgora ukgh-

;k vk;kstukuarj izR;sd tkrh/kekZr] rkyqD;kr] ftYgîkkr lkewfgdfookgkps yks.k iljys- iq.ks ftYgîkkP;k [ksM] eapj] vkacsxko] tqUuj] ukjk;.kxko ;kfBdk.kh O;Drh fdrhgh xjhc o Jhear vlyh rjh rs lkewfgd fookgkrp yXu d:ykxys- vkrk rj yksdla[;sP;k 70&80 VDds yksd ;k rkyqD;kr QDr lkewfgdfookgkrp yXu djrkr- egkjk"Vªkr o iw.kZ ns'kkr vkrk lkewfgd fookgkps ts yks.kiljysys vkgs] gs loZ HkO; fnO;] pGoG fuekZ.k gks.;klkBh T;k O;Drhus eksykps;ksxnku fnys vkgs] v'kk ;k 'kkafrykythauk fdrhgh /kU;okn fnys rjh FkksMsp vkgsr-

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gîkk ,o<Ókk HkO;fnO; lksgGÓkkuarjgh 'kkafrykyth LoLFk clw 'kdysukghr- R;kaP;krY;k izpaM ÅtsZph dYiuklq/nk lkekU; ek.kwl d: 'kdr ukgh vlsEg.k.;klkj[ks ,d dke R;kauh ;kuarj dsys- tSu lektke/;s Eg.ktsp ekjokMhlektke/;s fookgke/;s lokZr tkLr [kpZ dj.;kph i/nr vkgs- :<h o ijaijkoknhv'kk ;k lektke/;s lkewfgd fookgklkj[;k uohu i;kZ;kyk vkRelkr d:u R;klanHkkZr iq<kdkj ?ksÅu] ;k ladYiusyk lkoZtfud :i nsÅu loZekU;rk feGfo.ks gscksy.;klkBh ftrds lksis vkgs frrdsp izR;{kkr vaeyctko.khrwu loZ xks"Vh ckgsjvk.k.ks frrdsp ftfdjhps o vo?kM vkgs- bfrgklke/;s :<h o ijaijsfo#/n dkedj.kkÚ;k yksdkauk iw.kZ vk;q";Hkj >Vkoa ykxya vkgs] >xMr clkoa ykxya vkgs-vusd izdkjP;k Vhdk o ;kruk lgu djkO;k ykxY;k vkgsr- rsOgk dqBs ,[kknaifjorZu leksj ;sra-

v'kk i/nrhus 'kkafrykythauh lkewfgd fookg o o/kw&oj esGkO;kph ;kstuko i;kZ; ns'kkleksj vk.kyk- R;kauh ;k :<h o ijaijkae/kwu vkewykxz cny d:uns'kkP;k fgrkP;k n`"Vhus] ns'kkP;k laiŸkhpk v;ksX; okij jks[k.;kP;k n`"Vhus iz;Rudsyk- vk;q";Hkj dkckMd"V d:u xksGk dsysyk iSlk [kpZ d:u ok;k?kkyfo.;kis{kk fdaok 'ksrh fodwu] dtZ dk<wu yXukr eksBk [kpZ dj.;kis{kkyXulekjaHkkr [kpZ dsyk tk.kkjk gk iSlk Lo;ajkstxkjklkBh o jk"Vªh; laiRrhphti.kwd dj.;klkBh dlk okijyk tkbZy gk R;kekxhy eq[; mís'k gksrk- ijarq brdkeksBk mís'k] brda eksBa dk;Z fl/n dj.;klkBh R;kps dqBsrjh iz;ksx djkos ykxrkr]rsOgk dqBs rs ekWMîkwy ;'kLoh gksrkr o ;'kLoh >kysys ekWMîkwy brj fBdk.kh] brjlektke/;s] xkoke/;s] jkT;ke/;s R;kpk izpkj o izlkj djrk ;sÅ 'kdrks- R;kizek.ks'kkafrykythauh tSu lektke/;s o Lor%P;k ?kjkiklwu ;k xks"Vhph lq#okr d:u]gGwgGw yXukaph la[;k ok<owu uarj R;kaph ftYgkokj foHkkx.kh d:u] R;kyklektekU;rk] jktekU;rk o /keZekU;rk feGfo.;ke/;s rs ;'kLoh >kys-

tsOgk gs ekWMîkwy ;'kLoh >kys vkf.k dk;Z{ke >kys rsOgk [kjk iz'u fuekZ.k>kyk- gs ekWMîkwy tursleksj dls ?ksÅu tkos] brj lektkiq<s dls ?ksÅu tkos gk ;{kiz'u R;kaP;k leksj mHkk jkfgyk- R;kaph nwjn`"Vh vkrki;±r feGfoysY;k dkekP;k;'kkekxph uhrh o iznh?kZ dkekpk vuqHko ;k lxGîkk ckchaP;k tksjkoj gk lans'kns'kHkj iksgpfo.;kph ,d vn~Hkqr ;kstuk R;kauh vk[kyh- v'kk izdkjps lkekftd

12 : nX`mÌm !

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cny fdaok ifjorZu gs ,dk fBdk.kh clwu] lans'k nsÅu] Hkk"k.ks nsÅu fdaoknwjfp=ok.khoj izlkfjr d:u gksr ulrkr] gs R;kauk BkÅd gksrs- R;keqGs o:u [kkyhtk.kkjk cny dj.;k,soth] eqGkiklwu cny gksÅ 'kdsy v'kk izdkjpk ekxZ R;kauhiRdjyk- ;k izfØ;se/;s xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy yksdkauk tkLr =kl gksrks] fookg dk;kZrR;kapk vrksukr [kpZ gksrks] R;kauk dtZ dk<kos ykxrs- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh xzkeh.kHkkx ,dk osxGîkk vfHk;kukus fiatwu dk<.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

R;kauh laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkr in;k=k dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ,[kk|k ckchP;kizpkjklkBh iw.kZ jkT;Hkj ,dgh lsdan xkMhrwu izokl u djrk ik;h tk;ps Bjfoys-6&8 efgU;kiwohZp vk/kh iwoZfu;kstu d:u] laiw.kZ in;k=sph o mfí"Vkaph iw.kZ r;kjdsyh- ,[kknk lans'k] tursP;k euke/;s Blowu] R;kaP;k fopkjkae/;s ifjorZudj.;kP;k n`"Vhus iz;Ru dj.ks o ,o<îkk eksBîkk dk;ZØekps fu;kstu dj.ks]R;klkBhP;k izpkj&izlkjklkBhps lkfgR; r;kj dj.ks gs Qkj eksBs vkOgku gksrs- v'kkizR;sd xkoke/;s dk;ZdR;k±ph o leUo;dkaph fuoM dj.ks] 'ksdMks yksdkaph tso.kkpho jkg.;kph O;oLFkk dj.ks] lHksph O;oLFkk dj.ks] izR;sd ehfVaxP;k fBdk.khxkokrY;k tkLrhr tkLr yksdkauh gtj jkg.;kklkBhph ;a=.kk jkcfo.ks] in;k=se/;slq#okrhiklwu 'ksoVi;±r vl.kkÚ;k 'ksdMks dk;ZdR;k±pk rkQk izR;sd fBdk.kh ?ksÅutk.ks gs ,d tckcnkjhps dke gksrs-

,dk xkokgwu nqlÚ;k xkokdMs ?ksÅu tk.kkÚ;k gtkjks yksdkaP;k euke/;s ?kjd:u cl.ks] izR;sd fBdk.kP;k lHkse/;s ifjorZukph ladYiuk R;kaP;k dkGtkykfHkMsy v'kk i/nrhus iznf'kZr dj.ks gh lxGh dkes vo?kM gksrh- f'kok; R;kaP;kvl.kkÚ;k vla[; iz'ukauk ;ksX; rh mRrjs ns.ks] ;k loZ ckchaph xkoksxkoh izpkj;a=.kklkaHkkG.ks] izfl/nh ;a=.kk lkaHkkG.ks] i=dkjkaP;k vusd iz'ukauk mŸkja ns.ks] vkf.k laiw.kZegkjk"Vª <oGwu dk<wu R;klkBh gtkjks yksdkaps vFkd ifjJe feGfo.ks] osG feGfo.ks]rks lRdkj.kh yko.ks] ;k lxGîkk xks"Vh QDr dYiusrp gksÅ 'kdrkr- HkkjrkP;kLokra«;kiklwu vkrki;±rP;k dkGke/;s Jh- lquhy nŸk ;kauh iatkce/;s dk<ysyhin;k=k o Jh- panz'ks[kj ;kauh dk<ysyh in;k=k ;kuarj frljk uacj ykxrks rks'kkafrykyth eqFFkk ;kauh dk<ysY;k in;k=spk- ijarq ;k frUgh in;k=kaP;kmfí"VkikBhekxs fdaok ;kstukaP;k ikBhekxs tj [kksyoj tkÅu letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Rudsyk rj gh in;k=k ,d fo'ks"k ifjorZukph ykV Eg.kwu dk<.;kr vkysyh in;k=kgksrh- ,d lkekftd mRFkkukpa lk/ku gksrh- R;keqGs ;k in;k=spk vH;kl ,dk osxGîkki/nrhus gks.ks t#jh vkgs-

th O;Drh djksMirh vkgs] fryk iS'kkph dqByhgh derjrk ukgh] iq.ks'kgjkr ,s'kksvkjkekr vkf.k caxY;kr jkg.kkjh o yD>jh xkMîkke/;s fQ: 'kd.kkjh]

62

R;kauh R;kapk osG xzkeh.k Hkkxkrwu ik;h pky.;kis{kk] txkrhy osxosxGîkk ns'kkae/;sgkSls[kkrj izokl dj.;ke/;s ?kkyow 'kdys vlrs- ijarq Lor%ph l/kurk vlrkuk]laiŸkh vlrkuk] lq[klks;h vlrkuk ;k loZ xks"Vh cktwyk Bsowu ns'kkrhy vMp.khauhxzklysY;k turspk fopkj dsyk- T;kP;krwu lkekftd mRFkkukus T;kP;ke/;s ifjorZugks.ks xjtsps vlk Hkko y{kkr ?ksÅu laiw.kZ vkjke cktwyk Bsoyk- ljkljh jkst 32fdyksehVj ik;h pkywu] pkj&pkj tkghj lHkk ?ksÅu] lgk rklkais{kk tkLr osG Hkk"k.ksfnyh- jkst QDr rhu rs pkj rklkaph >ksi 'kkafrykyth ?ksr- iqUgk nqlÚ;k fno'khpky.;klkBh r;kj- vls gs pØ pkyw gksrs- ;k lxGîkkps vk'p;Z okVrs-

'kkafrykythaph in;k=k lq: gks.;kiwohZ] vkB fnol vxksnj R;kauhin;k=srY;k xkokrhy yksdkaph fVGd Lekjd eafnj ;sFks in;k=sP;k r;kjhlkBh ,dcSBd cksykoyh gksrh- R;k fno'kh R;kauh dsysY;k Hkk"k.kke/;s R;kauh vla lkafxrya dh^^iq.;kgwu fu?kwu ijr iq.;kyk ;sbZi;±r ;k laiw.kZ in;k=se/;s eh ,dgh fefuVxkMhe/;s clwu izokl dj.kkj ukgh- tksi;±r ekÖ;k ftokr tho vkgs rksi;±r ehpkyrp jkghu- ijarq xkMhrwu izokl dj.kkj ukgh-** v'kkizdkjpk fu/kkZj O;Dr d:uo fu/kkZjkizek.ks 'ksoVi;ZUr ,dgh fefuV xkMhrwu izokl dsyk ukgh- ;k loZ izdkjke/;sR;kaP;k rCcsrhyk dqBykgh =kl >kyk ukgh- ik;kyk QksM vkys ukghr- ;k loZ xks"Vhijes'ojkP;k vk'khokZnkf'kok; 'kD; ukgh vla ;k fBdk.kh uDdhp Eg.kkoa ykxsy-

rls 'kkafrykyth in;k=siwohZ lgk efgus jkst ldkGh] ifgyk efguk5 fd-eh-] nqljk efguk 10 fd-eh-] frljk efguk jkst 15 fd-eh- pky.;kph lo;djhr gksrs- iz'kkar xka/kh] }kjdk feŸky bR;knh R;kaps fe=gh R;kaP;kcjkscj pky.;kpkljko djhr gksrs- in;k=spk nqljk eqDdke rGsxko <e<sjs ;sFks gksrk- R;kaP;kcjkscjlkrR;kus ljko dj.kkÚ;k iz'kkar xka/khaP;k ik;kyk ifgY;kp fno'kh QksM vkys onqlÚ;k fno'kh rs in;k=k lksMwu iq.;kr ijr vkys- Eg.ktsp R;kaP;kcjkscj lkrR;kusljko dj.kkÚ;k ek.klkyk ,dgh fnol pkyrk vkys ukgh o 'kkafrykythauh Lor%ek= in;k=k gksbZi;±r ,dgh fefuV xkMhrwu izokl dsyk ukgh- gs vk'p;Z ukgh rjdk;\

in;k=spk ekxZ vlk gksrk & iq.ks] rGsxko <e<sjs] f'k:j] lqik] vgenuxj]

dMk] vk"Vh] tke[ksM] ikVksnk] chM] xsojkbZ] tkyuk] vkSjaxkckn] flYyksM] tGxko]

nsoGxko jktk] cqy<k.kk] /kqGs] [kkexko] euekM] dksijxko] f'kMhZ] jkgkrk]

ckHkGs'oj] yks.kh] laxeusj] ukjk;.kxko] tqUuj] eapj] [ksM] pkd.k] iq.ks- 7 tkusokjh

1989 rs 5 ekpZ 1989 ;k dkGkr in;k=k dsyh- 'kkafrykythauh in;k=k

dj.;kiwohZ R;kaph ,d Vhe loZ ekxkZoj ikBowu dks.kdks.kR;k xkoke/;s lHkk gksÅ

'kdsy] dks.kdks.kR;k xkoke/;s tso.kkph] jkg.;kph] uk’R;kph O;oLFkk gksÅ 'kdsy]

63

rh O;oLFkk dj.kkjs yksd dks.kdks.k vkgsr ;kpk vk<kok ?ksryk- izR;sd xkokr lHksps

la;kstu dj.kkjh O;Drh vlsy- R;kauh izpkj] izlkj dlk dsyk ikfgts] rsFkys fBdk.k

fu;qDrh d'kh vlsy] R;klkBh ijokuXîkk d'kk ?;kO;k ykxrhy ;kpk fopkj dsyk-

jkst ik;h pky.ks dls 'kD; gksbZy v'kk i/nrhusp varj dls vlsy] v'kk vla[;

xks"Vhaph r;kjh o R;kpa IyWfuax o loZ fBdk.kP;k yksdkaph ekU;rk ;k loZ xks"Vh lgk

efgU;kP;k r;kjhP;k gksR;k-

fo'ks"k Eg.kts in;k=k lq: d:u rh laisi;±r dqBY;kgh izdkjph vMp.k

fdaok dqByhgh okbZV ?kVuk ?kMyh ukgh gs oSf'k"Vîk- nksu&rhu xkokae/;s R;k xkokrhy

egÙokP;k O;Drh e`R;w ikoY;keqGs izR;{kkr eksBh lHkk gksÅ 'kdyh ukgh- gk viokn

lksMyk rj loZ lHkk BjY;kizek.ks >kY;k- fo'ks"k Eg.kts T;k T;k fBdk.kh eqDdke

djk;pa Bjoya gksra] R;k izR;sd fBdk.kh eqDdke dsys xsys] 'ksdMks yksdkaph O;oLFkk

dsyh xsyh- lkB&lŸkj fBdk.kh in;k=srY;k yksdkauk [ksMîkkikMîkke/;s eqDdke djhr

vlrkuk 'ksrkr tkÅu vka?kksGhpk vuqHko ?ksryk o [ksMîkkikMîkkrhy tso.kkpk ,d

vfr'k; osxGk vkuan lok±uh ?ksryk-

in;k=sr 'kkafrykythaps o R;kaP;k lgdkÚ;kaps izR;sd xkokr oSokfgd

iz'ukojrh ,d rs nhM rklkis{kk tkLr osG Hkk"k.k gksr vls- yksdkaps erifjorZu

dj.;klkBhph izfØ;k gh brdh mR—"V i/nrhus ikj ikMyh dh ;krwu ifjorZu

uDdhp gksÅ 'kdsy ;kph [kk=h 'kkafrykythauk ink;k=suarj 'kaHkj VDds gksrh- Eg.kts

uqlrkp dk;ZØe d:u uqlrap fQj.ka gs mfí"V ulwu T;k dkj.kklkBh

erifjorZuklkBh eksBîkk izek.kkoj cny ?kMwu vk.k.;kpk tks iz;ksx gksrk] rks 'kaHkj

VDds ;'kLoh >kysyk vkgs vls 'kkafrykythauk okVr gksrs-

dkj.k izR;sd xkoke/;s yksdkauh lkewfgd fookg dj.;kph r;kjh n'kZfoyh]

R;kP;k vk;kstuklkBhP;k lferh LFkkiu dj.;kr vkY;k- vusd Lo;alsoh laLFkk iq<s

vkY;k fdaok cÚ;kp fBdk.kh R;k R;k tkrh /kekZrY;k yksdkauh dk;ZØeke/;s mHka jkgwu

lkewfgd fookg vk;ksftr dj.;kP;k izfrKk ?ksrY;k- dqBs lkewfgd fookg vk;ksftr

dj.;kr vkys rj] dqBs tksMI;kaps erifjorZu dj.;klkBh dke dj.;kph r;kjh

tursuh n'kZfoyh- ;k ladYiusrwu 'ksoVh vkiykp Qk;nk vkgs] gs iVowu ns.;kr

'kkafrykyth ;'kLoh >kys- ijarq gs loZ d'kkP;k vk/kkjs Eg.k.kkj] R;kps izek.k dk;\

rj ;k iz’ukaps mŸkj Eg.kts ;k i/nrhus 'kkafrykythaP;k in;k=sus egkjk"Vªke/;s izR;sd

lektke/;s lkewfgd fookg o o/kw&oj ifjp; esGkos gksÅ ykxys- njo"khZ lkewfgd

fookg vk;ksftr dj.kkÚ;k laLFkkapk lRdkj dj.;kpk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsyk-

64

ifgY;k ikp o"kkZr 100&200 lkewfgd fookg dj.kkÚ;k laLFkk leksj ;sÅ ykxY;k-

vkt egkjk"Vªke/;sp uOgs rj laiw.kZ Hkkjrke/;s] izR;sd jkT;ke/;s] izR;sd

lektkr lkewfgd fookgkps ts vk;kstu dsys tkrs rs gh pGoG eksBîkk izek.kkoj

QksQkoY;keqGsp 'kD; >kysys ukgh dk\ vkt fdR;sd fBdk.kh jkT; ljdkjdMwu

lkewfgd fookgklkBh osxGîkk ;kstuk vk[kY;k tkr vkgsr] izksRlkgu fnys tkr vkgs]

vuqnku fnys tkrs gs ;kps |ksrd ukgh dk;\ 'kkafryky eqFFkkauh Lor%P;k eqykps yXu

o Lor%P;k eqyhps yXulq/nk lkewfgd fookgke/;s d:u laiw.kZ ns'kkyk ,d uohu

fn'kk fnysyh vkgs- Lor%P;k iqr.khps teysya yXu lkewfgd fookgkr dj.;kph vV

ekU; dsY;kuarj O;kgîkkauh rh u ikGY;keqGs rs yXulq/nk eksM.;kps /kkMl T;k

O;Drhus dsys o brds eksBs vFkd ifjJe d:u ,dk NksVîkk dk;kZps :ikarj pGoGhr

dj.;ke/;s gh O;Drh ;'kLoh >kyh- gk ,d osxGkp vuqHko ikgk;yk feGrks-

Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl ckjdkbZus ikgrk v'kk izdkjP;k pGoGh mH;k dj.ks]

R;klkBhP;k ;kruk lgu dj.ks o vkiya laiw.kZ vk;q"; ;k pGoGhauk tuekU;rk

feGfo.;klkBh ?kkyo.ka gs cksVkoj ekst.;kbrD;k O;Drhaukp 'kD; >kya vkgs- R;kr

'kkafrykythaps uko uDdhp ?;kos ykxsy- 'kkafrykyth gs izfl/nhiklwu nwj o

yks&izksQkbZye/;s dke djhr vlY;keqGs dnkfpr gs dk;Z ns'kHkjke/;s

yksdkaP;ki;ZUr ekaM.;kr rs deh iMys vlrhy- ijarq ;k dk;kZph uksan fuf'prp

dsyh tkÅ 'kdsy ;kr 'kadk ukgh- ;krwu 'kkafrykythaapk laiw.kZ egkjk"VªHkj ,d nkaMxk

tulaidZ fuekZ.k >kyk- yksdkauk gh O;Drh o R;kaph rGeG letyh- Jh- lqokyky

pksjfM;k gs gh

in;k=k ;'kLoh dj.;klkBh vla[; dk;ZdR;kZauh esgur ?ksryh] loZJh jes'k

uoy[kk] iksiV'ksB /kksdk] lqokyky [kkVsj] uandqekj vksloky] jfoanz :.kokG] larks"k

[kkVsj] xkSre fijxG] lqHkk"k ugkj] izfo.k ugkj] panzdkar yks<k] 'kkafryky cksjk] izfo.k

vksLroky] dkjsxko] izdk'k cksjk] ?kksMunh] panuey ckQuk] uanyky ikj[k] ?ksojpan

dkadfj;k] gjh"k pksjMh;k] jes'k la?koh] eksgu la?koh] dkarhyky VkVh;k] vthr

dqpsjh;k] izdk'k :.kokG] lqHkk"k la?koh] enuyky ladyspk] lh- ch- xka/kh]

eksrhyky lkadyk vls vusd dk;ZdrZs gksrs- loZp dk;ZdR;kZaph ukos ;k fBdk.kh

fyfgrk ;s.ks 'kD; ukgh-

vusd fBdk.kh ;ksX; dke dj.kkjs dk;ZdrsZ tksMys xsys- R;kaph ,d lk[kGh

r;kj dj.;kr vkyh o ;krwup mH;k jkfgysY;k pGoGhyk vk/kkj ns.;kph 'kDrh

fuekZ.k >kyh- lkewfgd fookg dj.;klanHkkZrhy ekxZn'kZd rÙos] eqís r;kj d:u

'kkafrykythaacjkscj iw.kZ osG lkoyhlkj[ks jkghys o [kwi lsok dsyh-

65

egkjk"VªrY;k izR;sd dk;ZdR;kZyk rs ns.;kr ;srkr o LFkkfud vk;kstdkauk tkLrhr

tkLr lgdk;Z eq[; dk;kZy;krwu fnys tkrs- v'kk i/nrhus ,[kk|k dk;kZyk xzkeh.k

Hkkxkrwu oj vk.kwu :<h o ijaijkae/;s cny d:u tufgrkP;k n`"Vhus uohu xks"Vhaph

vaeyctko.kh d:u] lektifjorZu dj.;kP;k ;'kLoh iz;ksxkph ik;kHkj.kh

Eg.ktsp gh lkewfgd fookgkph tkx`rh dj.kkjh in;k=k] vlsp fl) >kys-

66

1985 iklwu 'kkafrykythauh R;kaP;k osGspk 50 VDds osG lkekftddk;kZlkBh ns.;kps Bjfoys vlrkuk R;kis{kk fdrh rjh tkLr osG lkekftd dk;kZlnsÅu 1985 lkykiklwu lq: >kysyh R;kaph gh xkMh lqlkV osxkus iq<s pkyrp gksrh-O;olk;ke/;s tkLr osG nsrk ;sr ukgh Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh vkiys vkÙksHkkÅ/kujkt dVkfj;k ;kaP;koj tkLr tckcnkÚ;k lksifoY;k- R;k ckcrhr rs fufÜpar>kY;keqGs lkekftd dk;kZph tckcnkjh ok<rp xsyh- lkrR;kus eksBh dk;sZ vk;ksftrd:u R;kauh vkiyh dk;Zdq'kyrk fl) dsyh- ikgrk ikgrk laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªke/;sR;kauh vkiY;k dk;ZdR;kZaps tkGs fuekZ.k d:u o brj tkrh&/kekZrY;k lkewfgdfookg vk;ksftr dj.kkÚ;k laLFkkaps tkGs iljowu eksBîkk izek.kkoj xzkeh.k Hkkxkr chtsjksoyh o vkiyk ik;k HkDde dsyk- ;k xks"Vh vfr'k; i)r'khji.ks pkyw gksR;k- i.k,d osxGkp izlax ?kMyk-

fMlsacj 1992 e/;s v;ks/;k ;sFks ckcjh e'khn iM.;kph ?kVuk ?kMyh olaiw.kZ ns'kke/;s ;kps iMlkn meVys- laiw.kZ ns'k fganw&eqLyhe ;k eq|ko:u jLR;kojvkyk- vki.k loZ Hkkjrh; vlrkuklq/nk tkrhoknko:u eksBs naxs lq: >kys- tkGiksGlq: >kyh o vusd yksd e`R;qeq[kh iMys- xsY;k vusd o"kkZiklwu laiw.kZ Hkkjr ns'kkr,dkp osGh d¶;Zw yko.;kbrir fcdV ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- izR;sdkyk dk;djkos lqpsukls >kys gksrs- ?kjkP;k ckgsj iM.ks eqf'dy >kys- laiw.kZ ns'kkP;kdke/ka|koj R;kpk nq"ifj.kke >kyk] 'kkGk can iMY;k] O;ogkj can iMys]vR;ko';d lsoklq)k vMp.khr vkY;k- t.kwdkgh laiw.kZ Hkkjr ns'kkoj ,d [kwi eksBsladV vkys vkgs] v'kh ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh-

uSlfxZd vkiÙkh ;srs] rhlq)k ,[kk|k fBdk.khp ;srs- Hkwdai vlks fdaokRlqukeh vlks R;kP;keqGs ,[kknk rkyqdk fdaok ftYgÓkkoj ifj.kke gksÅ 'kdrks- ijarquSlfxZd vkiÙkh ulrkuk] v’kh ekuofuÆer vkiÙkh fuekZ.k >kY;kuarj ns’kkphifjfLFkrh fcdV gks.ks gk ,d osxGkp vuqHko lokZauh ?ksryk- izR;sd t.kvkikilke/;s ;kcíy xgu fparsus ppkZ d: ykxyk- izR;sd fBdk.kh gks.kkÚ;kuqdlkuhus loZ t.k gGgG djhr gksrs- nwjn'kZu o orZekui=ke/kY;k ckrE;krwu]?kjk?kjke/kwu ;kf'kok; nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kp fo"k;kph ppkZ uOgrh- 'kkafrykyth ek=vfr'k; vLoLFk gksr gksrs- laiw.kZ Hkkjrkryh fgalk o tkGiksG ikgwu R;kaps eu O;fFkrgksr gksrs- vki.k dk; d: 'kdrks ;koj rs xkaHkh;kZus fopkjgh djhr gksrs-

13 : em§Vr`mÌm - EH$ {dbjU AZw^d

67

v'kk izdkjph ifjfLFkrh gkrkG.;kph tckcnkjh 'kklukph vlrs- R;keqGs

vki.k ,dVs dkghp d: 'kdr ukgh- v'kkizdkjpk lYyk 'kkafrykythauk vusdkauh

fnyk- ijarq 'kkafrykyth xIi cl.kkÚ;kaiSdh uOgrs- dkghrjh dsysp ikfgts] vls

fopkjpØ R;kaP;k MksD;kr lkrR;kus lq:p gksrs- R;kauh dk;ZdR;kZaph ,d rkrMhph

cSBd cksykoyh o vki.k laiw.kZ HkkjrkP;k ikrGhoj dkgh d: 'kdyks ukgh rjh

dehrdeh egkjk"Vªkr rjh ;klkBh dkgh d: 'kdrks dk\ ;koj xgu fpark O;Dr

dsyh-

cÚ;kp dk;ZdR;kZapk] ;kckcr vki.k dkghp d: 'kdr ukgh vlkp lwj

vkyk- rsaOgk 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys dh] vki.k tSu lektkps yksd vkgksr] Hkxoku

egkohjkaps vuq;k;h vkgksr] egkohjkauh vfgalsph f'kdo.k ns'kkykp uOgs rj laiw.kZ

txkyk fnysyh vkgs- vkikilkrhy isze o ln~Hkko gs egkohjkaps eq[; lw= vkgs-

vusdkarokn ;k Hkxoku egkohjkaP;k lw=kizek.ks o ,desdkauh ,desdkaP;k n`f"Vdksukrwu

izR;sd xks"VhdMs ikfgys ikfgts] gk egkohjkapk lans'k vkgs- vkf.k laiw.kZ ns'kkoj

fgalkpkjkps nq"ifj.kke gksÅ ykxysys vlrkuk] vki.k egkohjkaps vuq;k;h Eg.kwu

fueqVi.ks xIi clwu gk lxGk fgalkpkj ikgr ?kjkr clk;pa vkf.k ppkZ djk;ph] gs

dkgh vkiY;k eukyk iVr ukgh] vls Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh dk;ZdR;kZauk ;k lanHkkZr

Bksl ikÅy mpy.;klkBh izksRlkfgr dsys-

ex dk; djkos] ;koj ppkZ lq: >kyh- R;koj R;kauh ,d ;kstuk

dk;ZdR;kZaP;k leksj Bsoyh- R;kauh lkafxrys dh] vki.k iq.ks rs ukxiwj v'kh ,d HkO;

'kkafr;k=k dk<w ;k- ;k 'kkafr;k=se/;s dksBY;kgh izdkjP;k jktdh; i{kkP;k yksdkauk

lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;k,soth] tSu /kekZps ts /keZxq: fganw o eqLyhe yksdkauk 'kkarrsps

vkokgu d: 'kdrhy] v'kk ns'kikrGhojhy pkaxY;k /keZxq:a'kh laidZ lk/kw- ijarq

tSu /keZxq: xkMhrwu izokl djhr ulr- R;k osGh ,d tSu /keZxq: ek= xkMh o

foekukpk izokl djhr gksrs] R;kauh ijns'kkrgh eksBîkk izek.kkoj vfgalspk izpkj dsyk

gksrk- rs vkpk;Z lq'khyequh T;kaps okLrO; fnYyhe/;s gksrs o R;kaps brj

/keZxq:a'khlq)k pkaxys laca/k gksrs- Eg.kwu ;k 'kkafr;k=sr tSu vkpk;Z Jh- lq'khyequh

;kaP;klg fganw lektkps Jh gfj}kj ;sFks jkg.kkjs o jk"Vªh; ikrGhoj dk;Z dj.kkjs Lokeh

fpnkuanth] rlsp fnYyh ;sFkhy jfgoklh ekSykuk ofgíqfnu [kku ;k rhu /keZxq:aph

fuoM 'kkafrykythauh dsyh- tSu lektkps vkpk;Z fganw o eqLyhe lektkP;k yksdkauk

cjkscj ?ksÅu ,d 'kkarrspk lans'k nsr vkgsr v'kk izdkjps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k dj.;kpk

iz;Ru dsyk ikfgts vlk R;kauh fopkj dsyk vkf.k ;k rhugh /keZxq:a'kh laidZ lk/kyk-

68

'kkafrykythauh /keZxq:atoG R;kaph Hkkouk o bPNk O;Dr dsyh o fr?kkaukgh

;k 'kkafr;k=sr lgHkkxh gks.;kph vkxzgkph fouarh dsyh- deZ/keZla;ksxkus ;k rhugh

/keZxq:auh 'kkafr;k=sr lgHkkxh gks.;kph r;kjh n'kZoyh- ;keqGs 'kkafrykythapk mRlkg

ok<yk- R;kauh ;k 'kkafr;k=syk vk.k[kh tkLr lkekftd Lrjkojpk ntkZ feGkok Eg.kwu

;k loZ /keZxq:aP;k cjkscj egkjk"VªkP;k mPp U;k;ky;kps ekth U;k;k/kh'k Jh panz'ks[kj

/kekZf/kdkjh] vkSjaxkckn fuoklh iùfoHkw"k.k MkW- xksfoanHkkbZ JkWQ] iùHkw"k.k Jh v..kk

gtkjs] o/kkZ ;sFkhy egkRek xka/khaP;k ?kjk.;krhy fueZykcsu xka/kh bR;knh lkekftd

dk;ZdR;kZauk ;k 'kkafr;k=se/;s lgHkkxh gks.;klkBh vkxzgkph fouarh dsyh-

'kkafrykythaph lokZauk iVowu ns.;kph i)rp brdh osxGh gksrh dh] R;kaP;k

cksy.;kuarj R;kauk dks.khgh ukgh Eg.kw 'kdys ukgh- ;k lokZauh 'kkafr;k=sr lgHkkxh

gks.;kl laerh fnyh-

ex dk;\ 'kkafrykythaph ;kstuk Bjyh- rhugh /keZxq:] U;k;k/kh'k o loZ

lkekftd dk;ZdrsZ ;kauh feGwu iq.;kgwu fu?kwu ukxiwji;±r tk.;kpk 'kkafr;k=spk ekxZ

vk[kyk- izR;sd xkokr tkghj lHkk d'kk gksrhy] ;klkBh dk;ZdrsZ dkekyk ykoys-

R;k fBdk.kh yksdkae/;s lyks[;kps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k gks.;klkBhps iz;Ru

'kkafrykythauh iq.;ko:u Qksuoj izR;sdk'kh cksywu dsys- loZp dk;ZdR;kZauk iq.ks ;sFks

cksyko.ks 'kD; uOgrs- dkj.k fuEE;kis{kk tkLr Hkkxkr d¶;Zwp ykxw gksrk- R;keqGs

fu;kstuke/;s vla[; vMp.kh ;sr gksR;k- cÚ;kp fBdk.kkgwu dk;ZdR;kZauh LFkkfud

iksfylka'kh ppkZ dsY;koj ^vkEgh vkeP;k xkokr gh 'kkafr;k=k ;sÅ ns.kkj ukgh* vls

lkax.;kr vkys-

dnkfpr ,[kk|k fo?ularks"kh ek.klkus ,[kknk tjh nxM ekjyk rjh ns'kkr

vk.k[kh fcdV ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k gksbZy v'kh 'kadk cÚ;kp fBdk.kh iz'kklukP;k orhus

iznf'kZr dj.;kr vkyh- 'kkafrykythauh R;k osGps eq[;ea=h ek- Jh- lq/kkdjjkoth

ukbZd ;kaP;kdMwu ijokuxh feGfo.;klkBh iz;Ru dsys- ijarq ijokuxh feGkyh ukgh-

R;k osGh ek- Jh- 'kjnjkoth iokj dsanz ljdkje/;s laj{k.k ea=h gksrs- gh loZ dYiuk

vfr'k; O;ofLFkri.ks iokjlkgsckauk 'kkafrykythauh letkowu lkafxryh o geh fnyh

dh] vkEgh loZ la;ekus cksyw] okxw o ifjfLFkrh [kjkc gksÅ ns.kkj ukgh- myVi{kh

okrkoj.k fuoG.;kpk iz;Ru d:- 'kjn iokjlkgsckauh 'kkafrykythaP;k cksy.;koj

fo'okl Bsoyk o Jh- lq/kkdjjkoth ukbZd ;kauk o R;k osGps x`gjkT;ea=h Jh-

ccujko ikpiqrs ;kauk lkaxwu ;k 'kkafr;k=syk ifgY;k nksu fnolkaph rjh ijokuxh |k o

'kkarrk izLFkkfir dj.;klkBh rs dls iz;Ru djrkr ;kP;koj utj Bsok- o R;kuarj

69

iq<P;klkBh ijokuxh |k] vls lkafxrY;koj ek= 'kkafrykythauk ijokuxh feGkyh-

'kkafrykythauh frUgh /keZxq:auk] loZ lkekftd dk;ZdR;kZuk iq.;kr

cksyfoys- 'kkafr;k=k lq: gks.;kiwohZ izR;sd fBdk.kP;k tkghj lHkse/;s dks.kh dk;

cksykos o dls cksykos ;kph O;wgjpuk r;kj dsyh- cksyrkuk dks.kR;k xks"Vh 100

VDds VkGY;k ikfgtsr] ;koj 'kkafrykythauh Hkj fnyk- izR;sd fBdk.kP;k i=dkj

ifj"knse/;s i=dkjkauh fopkjysY;k iz'ukauk mÙkjs d'kh fnyh ikfgtsr] ;kojgh l[kksy

fopkjfofue; >kyk- o dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhr vkiY;kyk ifjfLFkrh vk.k[kh tkLr

fp?kGsy v'kk izdkjps dqBysgh okD; dks.kkdMwugh cksyys tk.kkj ukgh] ;kph

[kcjnkjh ?ks.;kr vkyh- R;k osGh chMe/;s egklrh izhfrlq/kkth e-lk- ;kapk pkrqekZl

gksrk- R;k vfr'k; pkaxyh xk.kh jprkr o Eg.krkr- 'kkafrykythauh Qksuoj

R;kaP;k'kh 'kkafr;k=sps mfí"V lkaxwu] vfr'k; pkaxY;k izdkjph dkgh xk.kh R;kauk

;klkBh cuok;yk lkafxryh- o rh jsdkWMZ d:u R;kP;k dWlsV~l iq.;kyk ikBok;yk

lkafxrY;k- 'kkafrykythauh R;k dWlsV~l ,sdwu R;kaP;kr vk.k[kh dkgh deh&tkLr

okVys rs cny dj.;klkBh iqUgk lwpuk fnY;k- o R;k lwpukaizek.ks cny d:u ijr

dWlsV~l iq.ks ;sFks vkY;k-

’kkafrykythaph 'kkafr;k=k iq.;kP;k 'kfuokjokMîkkiklwu lq: >kyh-

T;ke/;s gs rhUgh /keZxq:] lkekftd dk;ZdrsZ] o R;kaP;kiq<s ltfoysyh eksBh thi

pkjgh cktwuh frP;koj ykoysys pkaxys iksLVlZ] thioj eksBk Hkksaxk] o R;krwu eqíke

r;kj dsysY;k xk.;kapk ;s.kkjk vkokt gk jLR;koj pky.kkÚ;k ek.klkP;k eukoj

ifj.kke djhr gksrk- iq.ks ;sFkwu ;k 'kkafr;k=sph HkO; lq#okr gksÅu rh iq<s [ksM] eapj]

tqUuj] ukjk;.kxko ;k fBdk.kh lHkk djhr djhr iq<s ljdw ykxyh- nqlÚ;kp fno'kh

laxeusj ;sFks 'kkafr;k=k iksgkspyh-

egkjk"Vª ljdkjP;k orhus 'kkafr;k=sP;k ekxkZoj T;k fBdk.kh d¶;wZ

yko.;kr vkys gksrs rsFks 'kkafr;k=sP;k iqjrh d¶;Zwr loyr ns.;kr vkyh gksrh-

ifgY;k nksu&rhu xkokr th lokZaph Hkk"k.ks >kyh o 'kkafr;k=sph Qsjh >kyh rsFks

'kkafr;k=sph xk.kh ,sdwu yksdkaph eus gsykoyh o lokZaP;k la;eh Hkk"k.kkus izR;sd

xkokr ,d osxGsp mRlkgkps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k gksÅ ykxys- ifgY;k nksup fnolkr

egkjk"Vª ljdkjus ;k 'kkafr;k=syk vfr'k; xkaHkh;kZus ?ksrys- ,o<sp uOgs nwjn'kZuo:u

R;kpk izpkj&izlkj eksBîkk izek.kkoj >kY;keqGs Hkkjrkrhy vusd yksdkaps MksGs ;k

'kkafr;k=sdMs ykxys-

70

laxeusjiklwu yks.kh] dksykj] ckHkGs'oj] dksijxko vkf.k f'kMhZ ekxsZ gh

'kkafr;k=k euekM o ekysxkoe/;s tkÅu iksgkspyh- vkrk rj iksfylkauh Lor%P;k

xkMîkkae/;s ekbZd ykowu laiw.kZ xkoke/;s R;kaP;k xkMîkk ikBowu ;k 'kkafr;k=sr tursus

lgHkkxh Ogkos vls vkOgku iksfylkaP;kp xkMîkk d: ykxY;k- 'kkafr;k=sus ;sFksp

iw.kZi.ks ;'k laiknu dsys gksrs- ekysxkolkj[;k laosnu'khy fBdk.kh 'kkafr;k=sP;k

lHkslkBh iUukl gtkjis{kk tkLr turk mifLFkr gksrh- vfr'k; la;ekus] 'kkarrsus]

O;ofLFkri.ks loZ ifjfLFkrh gkrkG.;kr 'kkafrykythauk ;'k vkys o ekysxkopk

dk;ZØe ;'kLoh >kyk-

R;kuarj egkjk"Vª ljdkjus eqDrdaBkus iz'kalk d:u 'kkafr;k=syk [kwip

ikfBack fnyk- vdksyk] vejkorhlkj[;k laosnu'khy fBdk.khlq)k loZ dk;ZØe

vfr'k; 'kkarrsus ikj iMys- ukxiwj ;sFks 'kkafr;k=spk lekjksikpk dk;ZØe ikj iMyk-

iq.ks rs ukxiwj ;k laiw.kZ 'kkafr;k=se/;s brD;k fcdV ifjfLFkrhr o d¶;Zw

vlrkuklq)k] brdh laosnu'khy ifjfLFkrh izR;sd fBdk.kh vlrkukgh] dks.kR;kgh

izdkjpk vuqfpr izdkj iw.kZ 'kkafr;k=sr ?kMyk ukgh- dnkfpr gs txkrys eksBs vkÜp;Z

vlkos- ;kpkp vFkZ gs dke 'kkafrykyth djhr uOgrs] rj R;kaP;k o;kP;k vo?;k

38 O;k o"khZ ,o<s eksBs dke R;kaP;k gkrwu dnkfpr ijes'ojkusp d:u ?ksrys vlkos

gs ;ko:u fl) gksrs- ;k 'kkafr;k=sph n[ky Hkkjrkrhy loZ lacaf/kr yksdkauh ?ksryh-

fnYyhrhy jktdh;Lrjkoj ;koj ppkZ >kyh- ;k 'kkafr;k=sps v/;kZ&v/;kZ rklkps

dk;ZØe nwjn'kZuoj fnolkrwu 1&2 osGk izlkfjr dsys tkr gksrs-

fMlsacjP;k ;k ?kVusuarj tkusokjhe/;s toG toG loZ fBdk.kh 'kkar

>kysyh pGoG gh dkgh dkj.kkus vk.k[kh ,dnk iqUgk mQkGwu ckgsj iMyh vkf.k

,d efgU;kus iqUgk ,dnk lq: >kysyh ns'kHkjkrhy naxy ;kps ijh{k.k d:u nSfud

yksdlÙkkps rRdkyhu laiknd Jh- ek/ko xMdjh ;kauh ,d eksBk ys[k fyfgyk- ,d

efgU;kuarjph nqljh naxy egkjk"VªkP;k ckgsj eksBîkk izek.kkoj mQkGwu vkyh gksrh-

ek= egkjk"Vªkr R;kps izek.k Qkjp deh gksrs- ;k xks"Vhps Js; Jh- ek/ko xMdjh ;kauh

;k 'kkafr;k=syk fnys- ;krp 'kkafr;k=sP;k ;'kkph ikorh feGkyh vls okVrs-

'kkafrykythaP;k thoukrhy v'kk izdkjph ,d&,d ?kVuk o R;kps

fujh{k.k o ijh{k.k djhr vlrkuk eu gj[kwu tkr gksrs- ,dkuarj ,d] ,dkuarj nqljs

vls vn~Hkqr dk;Z dj.;kph 'kDrh ;k ek.klke/;s dksBwu ;srs o loZp dkeke/;s 100

VDds ;'k izkIr gks.;kps xqfir ;k ek.klkdMs dk; vkgs\ erifjorZu gs lokZr tkLr

vo?kM dke vlrkuk R;kaP;k thoukr ek= izR;sd dkeke/;s o dk;ZØeke/;s rs

71

erifjorZu dj.;kr ;'kLoh gksrkr dls\ gkgh iz'u iMrks-

R;kaP;kis{kk o;kus fdrhrjh eksBs vl.kkjs /keZxq:] vkpk;Z] ekSykuk] mPp

U;k;ky;kps U;k;k/kh'k Jh- panz'ks[kj /kekZf/kdkjh] Jh- xksfoanHkkbZ JkWQ] Jh- v..kk

gtkjs] Jherh fueZykcsu xka/kh v'kklkj[;k O;Drh ;k NksVîkk dk;ZdR;kZP;k

pGoGhe/;s lgHkkx ?ksrkr dlk o lokZr 'ksoVh ;k lok±ps lek/kku gksÅ 'kdrs o

iw.kZ ;k=sr dks.krkgh vuqfpr izdkj ?kMr ukgh] ;k loZ xks"Vhapk eyk myxMk gksr

uOgrk\ ;k loZ xks"Vh 'kkafrykyth lkaxr vlrkuk eh ,sdr vlrkuk o brjkadMwu

R;kps vuqHko ?ksr vlrkuk gs ,d vn~Hkqr O;fDreÙo vkgs] ;k erkyk eh ;sÅu

iksgpys-

72

30 lIVsacj 1993] ldkGh 7-10 fefuVkauh 'kkafrykythaP;k ?kjpk Qksu[k.k[k.kyk- vkSjaxkckno:u 'kkafrykythaps lg;ksxh Jh- th- ,e- cksFkjk ;kapk Qksugksrk- R;kauh Qksuoj lkafxrys dh] ldkGh jsMhvksP;k 7 P;k ckrE;kr lkafxrys dhykrwj o mLekukckn ftYgîkkr Hkwdaikps eksBs /kDds clys vkgsr o eksBîkk izek.kkojeuq"; o foÙr gkuh >kyh vkgs- ;k uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s lq/nk tSu la?kVuk Eg.kwuvki.k T;k i/nrhus 'kkafr;k=k dk<yh R;k i/nrhus vkrklq)k dke dj.ks vko';dvkgs vls 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrys- 'kkafrykythauh Qksu Bsoyk vkf.k dk; djk;ykikfgts ;kcíy fparu lq: dsys- 2&3 rklkr rsFkhy HkwdaikP;k ifjfLFkrhpk uDdhvk<kok dk; vkgs ;kph ekfgrh ?ks.;kr vkyh- R;krwup Hkwdaikph rhozrk y{kkrvkyh- ijarq dk; djkos lqpsuk] dkgh fuoMd dk;ZdR;kZa'kh Qksuoj ppkZ dsyh- vki.kR;k fBdk.kh tkÅu enr dk;Z dsys ikfgts vls izR;sdkyk okVw ykxys-

dkgh fe=kauh lkafxrys dh] xsY;k vusd o"kkZr rqEgh lkewfgd fookg]o/kw&oj esGkos bR;knh oSokfgd iz'ukaoj y{k fnys vkgs o rsFks dkekyk pkaxyh xrhfeGkyh vkgs- v'kk osGsyk v'kk uohu {ks=kr vki.k dke djk;yk ykxyk rj exeq[; y{k gjowu tkbZy ;koj ppkZ lq: >kyh- ijarq 'kkafrykythauk okVys dh] dks.kO;Drh fdaok laLFkk dk; dke djhr vkgs fdaok dk; dke djhr ukgh] ;kpk vkrkfopkj u djrk v'kk ;k HkwdaikP;k osGh o uSlfxZd vkiÙkhP;k osGh ;k loZ xks"Vhcktwyk Bsowu izR;sd O;Drhus ekuorsP;k –f"Vdksukrwu enrhyk tk.ks vko';d vkgs-nqikji;±r ykrwj&mLekukckn Hkkxkr tk.;kpk fu.kZ; iDdk >kyk- ykrwjyk tkrkukck'khZo:u tkos ykxrs- Eg.kwu ck'khZ ;sFkhy la?kVuk dk;ZdrsZ Jh vkseizdk'kth ckQuk;kaP;k'kh Qksuoj laidZ lk/kwu R;kauk rkcMrksc tso.kkph ikfdVs ?ksÅu HkwdaixzLrHkkxkr tkÅu okV.;kP;k lanHkkZr 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrys- vkEgh la/;kdkGhck'khZyk ;s.kkj vkgksr o ck'khZo:u HkwdaixzLr {ks=kr tk.;klanHkkZrhy fu;kstudsY;kph ekfgrhgh R;kauh fnyh-

mLekukckn ;sFks tSu la?kVusps dk;ZdrsZ Jh- fot; csneqFFkk gs ,d T;s"Bi=dkj Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkr- tSu la?kVus'kh R;kapk laca/k vf/kd toGpk vlY;keqGsHkwdaikph rhozrk dks.kdks.kR;k xkokr d'kh vkgs o dksBs dksBs o dls&dls uqdlku>kys vkgs ;kph bRFkaHkwr ekfgrh R;kaP;kdMwu ?ks.;kr vkyh- enrdk;Z dj.;klkBhHkwdaike/;s uqdlku >kysY;k 55&60 xkokaiSdh tSu la?kVusps enrdsanz dks.kR;k

14 : bmVya ^yH§$n

73

Hkkxkr vlkos ;klanHkkZr Jh- csneqFFkk ;kaP;k'kh lfoLrj cksy.ks >kY;koj] R;kauhmLekukckn ftYgîkkrhy lkLrwj ;k xkoke/;s tSu la?kVusps enr dsanz vlkos vlslqpfoys- iq.;kgwu tkrkuk dks.kdks.krs lkfgR; o lkeku enr dk;kZlkBh ?ksÅu tk.ksvko';d vkgs ;koj iq.;krhy dk;ZdR;kZa'kh ppkZ dsyh vlrk ,d laiw.kZ ;knh r;kjdj.;kr vkyh- R;kizek.ks Lo;aikd r;kj dj.;kP;k –f"Vdksukrwu dehrdeh ngk rsia/kjk gtkj yksdkauk vkiY;k enrdsanzkrwu tso.k r;kj d:u iqjfork vkys ikfgtsv'kk i/nrhus lkekukph ;knh r;kj dj.;kr vkyh- tls yXukyk loZ eksBîkkHkkaMîkkae/;s Lo;aikd r;kj dsyk tkrks] rh HkkaMh Lo;aikdkps egkjkt o lkfgR;]fdjk.kk eky Vªde/;s Hk:u r;kjh dj.;kr vkyh-

'kkafrykythauh fopkj dsyk dh] T;k T;k xkokr Hkwdai >kysyk vkgs R;kR;k xkokrhy fo|qrlsok foLdGhr >kysyh vl.kkj o rsFks oht ul.;kph 'kD;rktkLr vkgs- Eg.kwu R;kauh eksBeksBs tujsVj HkkMîkkus ?ksrys o R;klkBh ykx.kkjs fM>sy,dk Vªde/;s Vkdys- okLrfod ikgrk v'kk izdkjps tujsVlZ] v'kk izdkjps lkeku?ksÅu tk.;kph dYiuk dj.ks o vkiY;k tujsVj}kjs oht fufeZrh dj.;kph vfHkuodYiuk gh 'kkafrykythalkj[;k yksdkaP;k MksD;ke/;sp ;sÅ 'kdrs- tSu la?kVusps enrdsanz mHks dj.;klkBh o racw Bksd.;klkBh ykx.kkjs i=s o loZ lkfgR; ?ksÅutk.;klkBh xkMh lTt >kyh- v'kk i/nrhus iq.;kgwu HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkr tkÅu 15fnol rG Bksdwu eksBîkk izek.kkoj Hkjho enrdk;Z dj.;kph dYiuk MksD;kr ?ksÅula/;kdkGP;k osGh iq.;kgwu la?kVusP;k xkMîkkapk rkQk ck'khZP;k fn'ksus fu?kkyk-

'kkafrykythacjkscj Jh- enuyky ckQuk o lqokyky pksjfM;k gksrs-vfr'k; tksjkpk vkf.k eqlG/kkj ikÅl pkyw gksrk] xkMhrwu leksjps dkgh fnlruOgrs- jk= >kysyh gksrh o VsaHkq.khZP;k vklikl vkY;koj xkMhP;k ekxP;k dkpsojoht ;sÅu dkslGyh- Jh enuyky ckQuk o 'kkafrykyth xkMhr clysys gksrs-dkpspk pDdkpwj gksÅu xkMhps Hkjiwj uqdlku >kys- ijarq lqnSokus 'kkafrykyth ockQuk ;k nq?kZVusrwu cpkoys- Jh- ckQuk Eg.kkys] xkMhP;k Vk;jP;k vkfFkZaxeqGsvki.k okpyks] vU;Fkk xkMhrhy loZt.k xsys vlrs- xkMhph ikBhekxph dkpiw.kZi.ks QqVY;kus /kks&/kks ikÅl vkre/;s iMr vlrkuk v'kkgh ifjfLFkrhe/;sjLR;kr dksBsgh u Fkkacrk 'kkafrykythauh jk=h mf'kjk ck'khZ xkByh- rsFks vkseizdk'kthckQuk o R;kaps lgdkjh 'kkafrykythaph okV ikgr gksrs- loZ dk;ZdR;kZa'kh lfoLrjppkZ >kyh] iq<hy dk;ZØekph fn'kk Bjfoyh o rsFkwu igkVs mBwu loZt.kmLekukcknyk jokuk >kys- R;kauh laiw.kZ ifjfLFkrhph ikg.kh dsyh-

Hkwdaikph rhozrk [kwi eksBh gksrh- gtkjks yksd e`R;qeq[kh iMys gksrs] vla[;ekrhph ?kjs o okMs dkslGys gksrs- ftdMsfrdMs loZ yksd Hk;Hkhr Lo:ikr eksBîkk

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nckok[kkyh o nq%[kkP;k Nk;sr okojrkuk fnlr gksrs- v'kk osGh fdrhgh enr fnyhrjh dehp iMsy gs izR;{k ikg.kh dsY;kuarj y{kkr vkys- tSu la?kVusps dk;Z eksBîkkizek.kkoj lq: >kys- vizfre Hkkstu cuoys tkr gksrs- R;keqGs loZ eksBs yksd tsHkwdaixzLr Hkkxkr HksVhyk ;sr rs tso.kklkBh tSu la?kVusP;k dsanzkoj ;sr vlr-Jh- tkWtZ Quk±Mhl ;kauh rj tSu la?kVusph nkG [kkYY;kuarj ^v'kh nkG ikyZesaVe/;svl.ks t:jh vkgs* v'kh bPNk O;Drh dsyh- vesfjdsps Hkkjrke/;s vl.kkjs jktnwr;kauh R;kaP;k nkSÚ;kr tSu la?kVusP;k dasnzkyk HksV fnyh o rsFks tso.kgh dsys- R;kauhykrwj ;sFks >kysY;k i=dkj ifj"knsr tSu la?kVusus fnysY;k tso.kkpk ntkZ vfr'k;mRÑ"V vkgs ;kpk mYys[k dsyk- v'kk vla[; yksdkaP;k HksVh lq:p gksR;k- tSula?kVusP;k enrdsanzkoj tso.kklkBh th jkax ykxr vls R;ke/;s ygku eqykaph la[;k[kwi eksBîkk izek.kkoj vls- 'kkafrykythaps ;kdMs y{k xsys o ygku eqys tkLr dk;srkr\ ;koj 'kkafrykythaph pkSdlcq/nh dke d: ykxyh- vusd ygku eqykauktoG ?ksÅu R;kaP;k'kh rs cksyw ykxys- dks.kkph vkbZ okjyh] dks.kkps oMhy okjys]dks.kkps dkdk] dks.kkps ekek gs R;k eqykaP;k rksaMwu ,sdr vlrkuk ;kpk R;k eqykaP;keukoj dk; ifj.kke gksr vlsy ;kph 'kkafrykythauk fpark okVw ykxyh- dkgh dkgheqys <lk<lk jMr vlra] rj dkgh eqykauk vfr'k; nq%[kkus dks.krhgh izfrfØ;k nsrk;sr uOgrh- jk=afnol ekrhps <hx ikg.ks] izsra bdMwu frdMs mpyrkuk ikg.ks] vkehZpsyksd ;q/nkizek.ks dke djrkuk ikg.ks] eksBh iksyhl ;a=.kk ikg.ks] MkWDVlZ] vWEC;qyUl]xkMîkk ;kaph pkyysyh ;s&tk gs loZ – tsOgk ,[kknk ygku eqyxk c?kr vlrksrsaOgk R;kP;k MksD;koj ;kpk dk; ifj.kke gksr vlsy ;kpk fopkj dj.ks vfr'k;eqf'dy vkgs- R;keqGs ygku eqykaP;k ekufldrspk fopkj dj.ks] R;kaP;k MksD;kojgks.kkÚ;k ifj.kkekapk fopkj dj.ks g dks.kR;kgh izdkjP;k uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/khy lokZregÙOkkph xks"V 'kkafrykythauk okVr gksrh o R;kauh ;kp fo"k;koj HkwdaikuarjP;kiquoZluke/;s iq<s dkghrjh dke djk;yk ikfgts] ;koj y{k ?kkyk;ps Bjfoys-

tsOgk enrdk;kZlkBh lkeku ?ksÅu ckgsjP;k xkokagwu Vªd rsFks ;sr rsOgk rs?ks.;klkBh ?kjkrhy yksd vkiY;k eqykauk enr ?ks.;klkBh ikBfor vlr o rh enrvkiY;kyk feGkoh ;klkBh eqys /kMiM djhr vlr- Eg.ktsp ;kpk vFkZ eqykaukvkrk ygkui.kkiklwup nqlÚ;kadMwu dkghrjh ekx.;kph lo; ykxk;yk ykxyh ;k

us 'kkafrykyth cspSu >kys- ;krwu dks.krk ekxZ dk<yk ikfgts ;koj lkrR;kusfopkj djrk djrk R;kaP;k MksD;kr ,d dYiuk vkyh- ;k HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy T;kT;k yksdkaph ?kja iw.kZi.ks m/oLr >kyh vkgsr v'kk ifjokjkrhy 'kkGse/;s tk.kkjheqys] R;kaP;k eukoj ;k loZ okrkoj.kkpk gks.kkjk nq"ifj.kke] ;kpk R;kauh fopkj dsyk-HkwdaikeqGs loZ 'kkGk iMY;kus can gksR;k- eqys fjdkeh gksrh- R;kaP;k MksGîkkleksj iw.kZ

’;gh

h

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osG Hkwdaikps rs gksrs- R;keqGs ygku eqykaph gh laiw.kZ fi<hp cjckn gksbZy dhdk;\ [kjkc gksbZy dh dk;\ ekufld jksxh gksrhy dh dk;\ R;kP;k MksD;kojifj.kke gksbZy dh dk;\ v'kk izdkjP;k 'kadkauh 'kkafrykythauk ?ksjys gksrs-

;k iq<P;k fi<hyk ;k loZ /kDD;krwu lkoj.;kph tckcnkjh o R;kaP;kf'k{k.kke/;s vMFkGk u ;sÅ nsrk R;kauk f'kdfo.;kph tckcnkjh vki.k ?ksryh ikfgtsvlk 'kkafrykythauh fu.kZ; ?ksryk- HkwdaixzLr v'kk 1200 eqykaph ;knh r;kj >kyh-brD;k eqykaph f'k{k.kkph O;oLFkk dksBs o d'kh djkoh ;koj fopkjfofue; lq:>kyk-

R;kauh fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ;k 1200 eqykauk eh iq.;kyk ?ksÅu tkbZu o rsFks ;kaphjkg.;kph] tso.kkph] f'k{k.kkph O;oLFkk djhu- ;k loZ xks"Vh cksy.ks [kwi lksis vkgsijarq izR;{kkr R;k mrjfo.ks vkf.k rs ikG.ks o R;ke/;s lkrR; Bso.ks fdrh vo?kMvkgs gs 'kkafrykythauk ekfgrh gksrs- gs ekghr vlwugh] ;ke/;s vla[; vMp.khaph'kD;rk y{kkr ?ksÅugh eksBîkk izek.kkoj iSlk [kpZ dj.;kph osG ;s.kkj vkgs gsletwu ?ksÅugh R;kauh ;k eqykauk iq.;kyk ?ksÅu tk.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

i.k 'kkafrykythadMs dksByhgh 'kkGk uOgrh] egkfo|ky; uOgrs] olfrx`guOgrs] v'kk ifjfLFkrhr ;kauk dls ?ksÅu tk;ps o dksBs Bsok;ps gk iz'u fuekZ.k >kyk-'kkafrykythaph R;k osGh fiaijh ;sFks vkReuxj ukokph ,d x`gcka/k.kh ;kstuk lq:gksrh o rh iw.kZ gksr vkyh gksrh- R;ke/;s 30&40 nqdkus gksrh o 150&200lnfudk gksR;k- R;kiSdh dkgh lnfudk fodY;k gksR;k o cÚ;kp lnfudk fodk;P;kckdh gksR;k- nqdkusgh fodk;ph ckdh gksrh- 'kkafrykythauh Bjfoys dh] nqdkukae/;s'kkGk lq: djk;ph o lnfudkae/;s eqykaph jkg.;kph O;oLFkk djk;ph- ;k eqykauk;k Hkkxkrwu ckgsj ?ksÅu tkÅu R;kaps f'k{k.k lq: dj.;kph ;kstuk R;kauh vk[kyh-R;k osGps eq[;ea=h Jh 'kjnjkoth iokj ;kaP;kcjkscj 'kkafrykythauh ;k ;kstusphppkZ dsyh o R;kaP;kdMs eqykaP;k ukokaP;k ;knhps iqLrd lqiwnZ dsys- iokjlkgsckauk'kkafrykythaph dYiuk vkoMyh- izR;sd fo/kk;d dk;kZyk vfr'k; ldkjkRed–f"Vdksukrwu iokjlkgsc c?kr vlr o lkrR;kus izksRlkgu nsr vlr-

'kkafrykythauh gh eqya iq.;kyk us.;klkBhpk vtZ ek- eq[;ea=h ;kaP;kdMsfnyk- rks vtZ efgyk o ckydY;k.k foHkkx] lektdY;k.k foHkkx v'kk 2&3fBdk.kh tkÅu iokjlkgsckadMs vkyk- ijarq R;k osGh vf/kdkjh oxkZdMwu v'kkizdkjph ijokuxh fnyh tkÅ u;s] gh eqya iGwu xsyh rj ;kph tckcnkjh eksBh jkghy-R;keqGs R;kauh v'kk izdkjph ijokuxh u ns.;kph f'kQkjl iokjlkgsckauk dsyh-iokjlkgsckauh gs 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrys ^rsaOgk 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys* 1200 iSdh100&200 iGwu tkrhy] Eg.kwu dk; ;k 1000 eqykaps uqdlku djk;ps\ ;kiq<P;k fi<hps HkforO; ?kMfo.;kph tcknkjh vkiyh vkgs o rh Lohdkjk;yk ehr;kj vkgs- T;k T;k vMp.kh ;srhy R;koj ekxZ dk<r tkÅ] vlsgh rs Eg.kkys-

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iokjlkgsckauh R;k osGh ckyekulrTK MkW- eksgu vkxk'ks] ldkGpsrRdkyhu laiknd fot; dqoGsdj] Jh iq-x- oS| v'kk 5&7 yksdkaph ,d lferhLFkkiu dsyh o R;k lferhleksj 'kkafrykythauh izs>saVs'ku fnys o eqykauk iq.;kyk?ksÅu tk.;kP;k lanHkkZrhy ik'oZHkweh o R;k Hkkxkrhy ifjfLFkrh letkowu lkafxryh-;k lferhus ;k izLrkokyk fgjok danhy nk[kfoyk o 'kkafrykythauk iokjlkgsckauh'kkGk lq: dj.;kl ijokuxh fnyh- 'kkafrykythapk mRlkg ok<yk- loZ eqys oR;kaP;k ikydkalkBh laidZ;a=.kk lq: >kyh- R;kaph laerhi=a Hk:u ?ks.;kr vkyh- 30lIVscjP;k Hkwdaikuarj 21 vkWDVkscjyk nljk gksrk- Hkwdaikuarj QDr 21 O;k fno'khEg.kts nlÚ;kP;k fno'kh 22 ,l-Vh- clus 1200 eqykauk ykrwj&mLekukcknftYgîkkrwu R;k osGps jkT;iky ek- Jh- ih-lh- vysD>kaMj o eq[;ea=hJh- 'kjnjkoth iokj ;kauh fgjok >saMk nk[kfoyk o ;k loZ eqykauh iq.;kdMs iz;k.kdsys- R;kauk lksMok;yk ;s.kkjh R;kaph ukrsokbZd eaMGh loZ eqykauk fujksi nsrvlrkuk Hkkowd >kysyh fnlyh-

'kkafrykythaP;k vk;q";kryk gk lokZr eksBk fu.kZ; o /kkMl gksrs- R;kaphloZ rkdn o dk;Z{kerk i.kkyk ykxyh gksrh- R;kapk gsrw Li"V gksrk o eu lkQ gksrsEg.kwu ijes'ojkphlq)k R;kauk lkFk feGkyh- ykrwjgwu fu?kkY;kuarj iokjlkgsckaP;kvkxzgkeqGs ckjkerhe/;s loZ eqykauk Fkkacowu rsFks lokZaph tso.kkph O;oLFkk dj.;krvkyh o rsFkwu ;k eqykauk iq.;kyk jokuk dj.;kr vkys- fiaijh ;sFkhy vkReuxje/;s;k eqykaph jkg.;kph O;oLFkk dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- [kkyh Lo;aikd O;oLFkk dj.;krvkyh gksrh- R;k eqykalkBh ,d MkWDVjkaph Vhegh r;kj Bso.;kr vkyh gksrh-

fiaijh&fpapoM egkuxjikfydsus ;k dk;kZlkBh Hkjiwj lgdk;Z dsys- eqykaukiq.;kr vk.kY;kuarj ifgyk ,d efguk vfr'k; =klnk;d xsyk- iq.;krys tso.keqykauk ipr ulY;keqGs cÚ;kp eqykaP;k rC;srh [kjkc gksÅ ykxY;k- jksth 5&25eqya iGwu vkiY;k xkokdMs tkÅ ykxyh- 'kkafrykythauh frdMs ,d ;a=.kk Bsoyhgksrh] th eqya iGwu tkrkr rh vkiY;k ?kjh iksgprkr dh ukgh] gs R;kauk rRdkGdGr vls- dkgh eqya eksBîkk izek.kkoj jMr vlr- vkReuxj lkslk;Vhe/;s 7&8etY;kP;k bekjrh gksR;k- jk=h 10&11 oktY;kuarj loZ eqya vkivkiY;ketY;ko:u [kkyh mr:u rGetY;koj ;sr- dkj.k R;kauk vla okVr vls dh]vkrk tj Hkwdai >kyk rj gh bekjr iMsy o vki.kgh R;kP;kr xkMys tkÅ gh HkhrhfuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- ekufld –"Vîkk loZp eqykaoj R;kpk eksBk ifj.kke >kyk gksrk-MkW- eksgu vkxk'ks ;kaP;k'kh 'kkafrykythauh laidZ lk/kyk] R;kaph ekulrTKkaph laiw.kZVhe R;kauh ;k dkekyk ykoyh-

iq.ks 'kgjkrhy vusd f'k{kd] lkekftd dk;ZdrsZ enr dj.;klkBh /kkowuvkys- eqykauk 'kkGsr clowu O;Lr Bso.;kr vkya] ts.ksd:u R;kapa y{k R;kHkwdaikrwu FkksMla nwj gksbZy v'kh R;k ikBhekxph Hkwfedk gksrh- jkst 25&50 eqya

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iGwu tkr] R;krys 10&5 ijr ;sr o iqUgk dkgh iGwu tkr- lk/kkj.k efguk&nksuefgU;kpk dkG gk vfr'k; vo?kM o ftfdjhpk gksrk- 'kkafrykythauh gs x`ghr /kjysgksrs dh] 100&200 eqya xsyh rjh 1000 eqykaps dY;k.k vki.k d: 'kdw- ijarqvlk /kkMlh fu.kZ; ?ks.;kps /kS;Z] fgaergh 'kkafrykythalkj[kh vkxGh&osxGhO;Drhp d: 'kdrs vla ;ko:u fnlwu ;sra-

tSu lektkps dkgh yksd 'kkafrykythauk Eg.kw ykxys dh] gk loZ [kpZ rqEghdlk dj.kkj o rqEgh ;kpk fopkj u djrk eqykauk dk vk.kys- 'kkafrykyth R;kaaukmÙkj nsr] ek>h laiw.kZ ekyeÙkk fodwu eh ;k eqykauk lkaHkkGhu- ijarq vMp.k ;sÅns.kkj ukgh- ekuorsps ;kis{kk mRd`"V mnkgj.k lkiM.ks gs Qkjp dBh.k vkgs vlaokVra- vusd yksdkaP;k Vhdk 'kkafrykythauh vkiY;k vaxkoj >syY;k- eqya iGwutkrkuk orZekui=kaps jdkus Hk:u ;sr gksrs- ijarq 'kkafrykyth fopfyr >kys ukghr-yksd osxosxGîkk izdkjkus R;kauk okVrhy rls fopkj ekaMr gksrs- fuewVi.ks loZ xks"Vh,sdwu 'kkafrykyth 'kkari.ks vkiys dke djhr gksrs-

ijes'ojkph vQkV Ñik gksrh Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauk eksBîkk izek.kkoj /khjfeGr gksrk o ;s.kkÚ;k vQkV ladVkauk rksaM nsr nsr] ;k loZ ladVkaoj ekr djhr rsR;kapk izokl iq<s pkywp Bsohr gksrs- brD;k eksBîkk izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr gGwgGw gkizdYi :Gkoj ;sÅ ykxyk] eqya jew ykxyh] ekufld –"Vîkk bykt gksÅ ykxys]f'k{k.kkr xksMh ?ksÅ ykxys o tltlk osG tkbZy rlr'kh izxrh gksÅ ykxyh- ;keqykaP;k cjkscj HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy dkgh inoh/kj o Mh-,M- >kysyh 10&15 eqyaenr dj.;kP;k n`"Vhus ;k eqykaP;k cjkscj vkyh gksrh- 'kkafrykythauh R;kaukgh ijrikBfoys ukgh- myV R;kauk dkekoj BsÅu R;kaP;kp eqykaph dkGth ?ks.;klkBh]R;kaP;kp HkkxkrY;k ;k eqykaP;koj tckcnkjh ns.;kr vkyh o R;kapkgh mi;ksx d:u?ks.;kr vkyk-

nqljhdMs tSu la?kVusP;k lkLrwj ;sFkhy enrdsanzkrwu 10&20 gtkj yksdkapstso.k dj.;kps dke o rs forfjr dj.;kps dke] diMs okVi dj.;kps dke gsghpkywp gksrs- ,dhdMs enrdk;Z o nqljhdMs ygku eqykaps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu v'kknqgsjh i/nrhus Hkwdai dk;kZr 'kkafrykythauh Lor%pk Blk meVfo.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- gsloZ dke djhr vlrkuk HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkr racwe/;s jkg.ka] fnolHkj loZ ifjfLFkrhpkvk<kok ?ks.ks o dke dj.ks] brj yksdkauk dkekyk yko.ks] brj ftYgîkkrhydk;ZdR;kZauk vkGhikGhus cksyko.ks] lkeku deh&tkLr vlsy rj R;kph O;oLFkkdj.ks vls vla[; fu.kZ; ?ksrkuk] 24 rklkaiSdh 20 rkl gs dke lkrR;kus djhrjkg.ks ;k loZ xks"Vhe/;s 'kkafrykytha t.kw xqjQVwup xsys- gs osxGîkkp izdkjps dkebrD;k vkReh;rsus dj.kkja 'kkafrykythapa O;fDreÙogh Qkj osxGp vkgs gs y{kkrvkya-

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ykrwjP;k Hkwdaikrhy 1200 eqys iq.;kr 'kS{kf.kd iquoZluklkBhvk.k.;kpk fu.kZ; Eg.kts HkwdaixzLr ifjokjkaph iq<ph fi<h ekufld r.kkokrwu ckgsjdk<wu R;kauk l{ke cufo.;kph ,d izfØ;k gksrh- 'kkafrykythauh tjh R;kapslkekftd dk;Z 1985 lkykiklwu lq: dsysys vlys rjh lu 1985&93 ;k vkBo"kkZP;k dkyko/khr 'kkafrykythaP;k ek/;ekus ts eksBîkk izek.kkoj dk;Z >kys rsvfr'k; Bksl] ifjorZukP;k fn'ksus tk.kkjs] ewyHkwr iz'ukaoj fu.kkZ;d mik;;kstukdj.kkjs vls gksrs- ijarq vkB o"kkZr brD;k eksBîkk dk;kZpk ixMk jkT;Hkj o ns'kHkjclfor vlrkuk 'kkafrykythauh dks.krhgh laLFkk vFkok la?kVuk vkSipkfjd"VîkkLFkkiu dsysyh o uksan.kh dsysyh uOgrh] gs ,d eksBs vkÜp;Zp Eg.kkos ykxsy- yksddke lq: dj.;kiwohZ laLFkk LFkkiu djrkr vkf.k ex dkekph lq#okr gksrs- vkf.kbdMs ek= dke lq: gksÅu ns'kikrGhoj iksgkspys] eksBeksBs dk;ZØe dsys rjh laLFkkek= jftLVj dsysyh uOgrh-

;kcíy 'kkafrykythauk fopkjys vlrk R;kaps mÙkj ,sdwu fufÜprp vkÜp;ZokVys- rs Eg.kkys] ^^eh 1985 lkyh laLFkk LFkkiu dsyh vlrh rj eh inkf/kdkjhEg.kwu egkjk"Vªkrhy dks.kdks.kR;k yksdkaph ukos ?ksryh vlrh- vkf.k eyk rjdlykp vuqHko uOgrk] eh nkSjk dsysyk uOgrk] dks.kkyk vksG[kysys uOgrs- rsOgkv'kk ifjfLFkrhr eh tj QDr ukoklkBh fdaok egkjk"Vªkrhy dks.kkphgh ukos ?ksÅulaLFkk jftLVj dsyh vlrh rj rs mfpr Bjys ulrs- T;kaph ukos eh laLFkse/;s ?ksryhvlrh R;kauk eh ikj[kysya uOgra vkf.k tj R;kauh iq<s dke dsya ulra rj rh laLFkkpdkykarjkus vMp.khr lkiMyh vlrh- uarj dke dj.kkjs yksd dks.kh R;kP;koj vkysulrs- R;kis{kk eh vla Bjoys dh 7&8 o"ksZ laLFkk] in ;kf'kok;p egkjk"VªHkj fQjkos-inkP;k ykylsf'kok; [kja dke dj.kkÚ;k O;Drh dks.k vkgsr R;kauk fuoMkos]R;kaP;kcjkscj 5&7 o"ksZ dke d:u ikgkos- Eg.ktsp egkjk"Vªkrhy yksdkaph ikj[kdjkoh- dk;ZdR;kZauk toGwu vksG[kkos vkf.k R;krys ts ;ksX; vlrhy R;kauklaLFkse/;s ?ksÅu uarj laLFkk LFkkiu djkoh- ts.ksd:u laLFkse/;s izR;{kkr dke dj.kkjheaMGh ;srhy o R;keqGsp iq<ps dke O;ofLFkr gksÅ 'kdsy- Eg.kwu eh 1985 rs1993 lkyki;±r dks.krhgh laLFkk jftLVj dsyh ukgh-**

v'kk izdkjs brD;k nwj"Vhus vkB o"ksZ dks.krhgh laLFkk LFkkiu u djrkuqlrp dke djhr jkg.ka v'kk izdkjpk gk ,d vkxGkosxGk fopkj gksrk- brdh

15 : dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ën

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nwjn`"Vh Qkjp deh yksdkaP;ke/;s vlw 'kdrs- ek= lu 1993 yk 'kkafrykythaukukbZyktkLro laLFksph LFkkiuk o uksan.kh djkoh ykxyh- dkj.k T;k osGh Hkwdaikrhyeqys R;kauh f'k{k.kklkBh iq.;kr vk.kyh R;k osGh ;k eqykaP;klkBh 'kkGk o olfrx`glq: dj.ks vko';d gksrs- R;klkBh laLFksph uksan.kh gks.ks t:jhps gksÅu clys gksrs-Eg.kwu R;kauh ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* ukokph laLFkk lu 1993 yk LFkkiu dsyh- [kjEg.kts ts dkgh dke 'kkafrykyth djhr gksrs rs dks.kR;kgh ,dk lektklkBh ulwuloZp turslkBh mi;ksxh vls gs dke lu 1985 iklwu dsysys fnlwu ;srs- ex vki.kla?kVusps uko ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* dk Bsoys vls eh R;kauk fopkjys- R;kpsgh mÙkjR;kauh vfr'k; xkaHkh;kZus fnys- rs Eg.kkys ^^;k fo"k;h eh Hkjiwj fopkj dsyk- ^Hkkjrh;tSu la?kVuk* gs uko Bso.;kps ,d dkj.k Eg.kts tSu lekt gk ,d ijksidkjh vkf.klsokHkkoh lekt vkgs] vfgalsyk eku.kkjk vkgs] ;k lektkpk O;kikjh oxZ eksBk vlwu]nqlÚ;kalkBh dkgh dj.;kph bPNk vlysyk vkgs] vkf.k laiw.kZ Hkkjrkr izR;sd jkT;krfo[kqjysyk o iljysyk vkgs- R;keqGs dks.krsgh o fdrhgh eksBs dke vlsy rj rsdj.;klkBh iw.kZ Hkkjrke/;s ,d l{ke v'kh 'kDrh fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdrs- rlsp eykvlsgh okVr gksrs dh] eh ts lkekftd dke dj.kkj vkgs rs dks.kR;kgh ,dklektkiqjra uDdhp vl.kkj ukgh- rs loZ lektklkBhp vl.kkj vkgs-

,[kknk jk"Vªh; iz'u gkrke/;s ?ksÅu rks lksMfo.;klkBh fdaok R;kph rhozrkdeh dj.;klkBh eyk ts dkgh iz;ksx djkos ykxrhy] ts dkgh eksMîkwy r;kj djkosykxrhy] rs eh vk/kh tSu lektkoj d: 'kdsu] dkj.k rsFks yksd ek>s ,sdw 'kdrhy-,dnk iz;ksx ;'kLoh >kyk dh rks tSu lektk}kjs ns'kkyk lefiZr dsyk tkÅ 'kdsyfdaok brj lektkyk tSu lektk}kjs gh izsj.kk fnyh tkÅ 'kdsy- gkgh –f"Vdksu^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* gs uko ns.;klkBh eh Bsoyk gksrk- tSu lektke/;s vusdfBdk.kh ;qod pkaxys eksBs lkekftd dk;Z dj.;klkBh r;kj vlrkr] rsFks rs Lor%pkiSlkgh [kpZ djhr vlrkr- v'kk osGh iS'kkpk nq:i;ksx gks.;kpk ;k lektkr d/khgheqík mifLFkr gks.kkj ukgh] gkgh ;k ikBhekxpk ,d eksBk fopkj gksrk-

ns'kHkj tSu lektkP;k 2500 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk iljysY;k vkgsr- gtkjksxks&'kkyk Hkkjrke/;s fuekZ.k dj.;kr vkysY;k vkgsr- rlsp LFkkuds o eafnjs feGwufdR;sd gtkj VªLV /kkfeZd o lkekftd dk;kZr dke djhr vkgsr- vla[;:X.kky;kaph fufeZrh izR;sd 'kgjkr dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs- v'kk osGh ;k loZik;kHkwr xks"Vhapk ns'kfgrklkBh o lektfgrklkBh dlk mi;ksx dsyk tkÅ 'kdsy;klkBhps iz;Ru djrk ;s.ks lgt 'kD; gksbZy- uSlfxZd vkiÙkhP;k osGh gtkjksyksdkaps tso.k dkgh rklkrp iqjfo.;kph {kerk o R;klkBh ykx.kkjk fdjk.kk ekyeksQr iqjfo.;kph {kerk ;k lektke/;s eksBîkk izek.kkoj gksrh- frpk okijjk"VªfuekZ.kklkBh dj.;kr ;kok v'kh bPNk ekÖ;k eukr gksrh-

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Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk gs uko Bso.;kps vk.k[kh ,d dkj.k Eg.kts eyk laLFkklq: djrkuk dks.kR;kgh tkrhps vFkok /kekZps uko u ?ksrkp laLFkk lq: djko;kphvlY;kus ;kojrhgh eh Hkjiwj fopkj dsyk- ijarq tj eh rls dsys vlrs rj eyk laiw.kZegkjk"Vªkrwu vFkok Hkkjrkrwu r'kk izdkjP;k loZ tkfr/kekZrhy inkf/kdkjh vFkokyksdkauk ,d= vk.kkos ykxys vlrs o R;k –"Vhus ek>h iw.kZ r;kjh uOgrh- dkj.k T;kdks.kR;k O;Drhyk vki.k inkoj usew R;k O;Drhph fo'oklkgZrk] izkekf.kdi.kk] dkedj.;kph {kerk eh d'kh tk.k.kkj\;k loZ xks"VhaP;k lanHkkZr vktdkyP;k tekU;krdks.kkphgh geh nsrk ;sr ukgh- tj dkgh yksd vizkekf.kd vlrhy fdaok ukoklkBhlaLFkse/;s ;sÅ ykxys rj laLFkspa uko cnuke gksÅ 'kdrs v'kh 'kadk ekÖ;k eukr ;srgksrh-** ;k loZ dkj.kkaeqGs 'kkafrykythauh ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* ¼chts,l½ ;kukokojp lkekftd dk;Z dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksÅu laLFksph vf/kÑr uksan.kh dsyh-

;k laLFksps mik/;{k Eg.kwu R;kauh Jh- izdk'kpanth lqjk.kk ;kaps uko tkghjdsys- izdk'kpanth R;keqGs Qkj vkÜp;Zpdhr >kys gksrs- R;kaP;k eukr'kkafrykythacíy vlysY;k Hkkouk O;Dr djrkuk rs Eg.kkys] ^^rs 1989 lky gksra-iq.;kP;k ,l-ih- dkWystP;k eSnkukoj vf[ky egkjk"Vªh; tSu la?kVusP;k LFkkiusph,d lHkk R;ko"khZ vk;ksftr dsysyh gksrh- lHksyk vHkwriwoZ v'kh xnhZ >kyh gksrh-,d yk[kkpk rjh leqnk; vlsy- 'kkafrykyth lkewfgd fookg pGoGhP;k fufeÙkkusegkjk"Vªkr in;k=k d:u vkys gksrs- tSu lektkph dk; fdaok dks.kR;kgh lektkphlar eaMGh ik;h fogkj djrkr- R;kekxs lokZapk ifjp; Ogkok] ygku Fkksjkauk HksVrk;kos gsgh ,d dkj.k vlrs- 'kkafrykyth in;k=k d:u vkysys vkgsr] R;kauhveqdveqd dsya;~ v'kh R;kaph lqdhrhZ eh ,sdr gksrks- R;kaP;k'kh ek>k uqdrkpifjp; >kyk gksrk- ifjp;kuarj rj eyk rs tSu lk/kw vlkosr vls okVys- ;k tSula?kVusP;k lHksr R;kauh eyk LVstojp cloys vkf.k ekÖ;k xGîkkr ,dnemik/;{kinkph ekG ?kkryh- tGxko ftYgîkkrY;k ^cksnoM* ukokP;k NksVîkk';kxkokryk eh ,d lk/kk ek.kwl- eyk ^gs:u* ,dk jk=hr ekÖ;koj gh tckcnkjh'kkafrykythauh lksifoysyh ikgwu eh {k.kHkj vpafcr >kyks- i.k 'kkafrykythalkj[;kizpaM mtkZ vl.kkÚ;k] /;klkua >ikVysY;k vlkekU; O;fDreRokeqGs ehgh >ikVyksxsyks- eyk ^rks {k.k* idMrk vkyk gksrk dk\ 'ksDlihvjpa rs okD; eyk vkBoya]

dkgh vlksR;kaP;k lgoklkP;k HkkX;kph okV eyk lkiMyh gsp [kjs-

'kkafrykyth vQkV dke djhr vkgsr- gh v'kh ,deso O;Drh vkgs dh]th vkiyk iw.kZ osG] iSlk] cq/nh vkf.k eu lektdk;kZlkBh O;rhr djr vkgs-

'There is a tide in the affairs of men which must be taken at floods.

If taken, it leads to fortune, if missed leads to miseries.'

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ijes'ojkpk vk'khokZn vlY;kf'kok; gs gksr ukgh- yksda R;kauk fopkjrkr d'kklkBh]dk djrk ,o<a\R;koj R;kapa mÙkj vlra] ^^ijes'ojkua ekÖ;klkBh ,o<a dsya;~ ,o<aHkjHk:u fnya;~ rj ek>agh dkgh ns.ka ykxra uk! eh dkgh osxGa ukgh djhr!!**

Hkxon~xhrse/;s Jhd`".kkua lkafxrysya rÙo 'kkafrykyth vkpjrkr & dkedjhr jkgkoa- ;'kkph vis{kk u Bsork djhr jkgkoa & rs vkiksvki ;srap- R;kapadkekekxpa rÙoKku lkaxk;pa >kY;kl rs ;k iaDrhrwu lkaxrk ;sbZy & ^^ekuk dh tehdks u xqytkj dj ldsaxs geA dqN [kkj rks de djsaxs & xqtjsaxs ft/kjls geA**

chts,l rQsZ egkjk"Vª ljdkjdMs 'kkGk o egkfo|ky;klkBh ijokuxhekx.;kr vkyh- rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Jh- 'kjnjkoth iokj ;kauh fiaijh] iq.ks ;sFks'kkGsph ijokuxh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusyk [kkl ckc Eg.kwu fnyh o R;k fBdk.khHkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqykauk izos'k nsÅu 'kkGk lq: dj.;kr vkyh- ;k loZ xks"VhHkwdaikuarj vfr'k; >ViV >kY;k o eqykauk R;kpk yxsp Qk;nk gksÅ ykxyk-'kkafrykyth ,o<pa d:u xIi clys ukgh rj R;kauh ;k –f"Vdksukrwu ,d 'kS{kf.kdiquoZlu izdYip lq: dj.;kpk fu/kkZj O;Dr dsyk- R;kauk vls okVr gksrs dh]dks.kR;kgh uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s th ygku eqya lkiMrkr] R;kaP;koj tks ekufldr.kko ;srks o 'kkGk cqMkY;keqGs R;kaps ts uqdlku gksrs ;krwu ekxZ dk<.;klkBhdk;eLo:ih ;a=.kk vlkoh Eg.kwu R;kauh HkO; 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi mHkkj.;kpaLoIu ikfgya- gs LoIu dla lkdkjk;pa gk ,d iz'u gksrk\

'kkafrykythauh 40 O;k o"kkZr uqdrsp inkiZ.k dsys gksrs- brD;k deh o;kreksBh LoIu ikgwu rh lkdkj.;kps R;kaps /kkMl o dkS'kY; gksra- R;kauk okVya ;klkBhvki.k ljdkjdMs 10&20 ,dj tkxk ekxkoh- ijarq ljdkjdMs tkxk ekfxrY;kuarjizfØ;slkBh [kwi osG ykxw 'kdrks] vusd o"kZ tkÅ 'kdrkr- dnkfpr tkxk feGwgh'kd.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwu R;kph okV u ikgrk 'kkafrykythauh Lor%P;k iS'kkrwu uxjjksMojrh ok?kksyh toGp egkekxkZoj 10 ,dj [kktxh tkxk Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;kukokoj [kjsnh dsyh- [kja ikgrk rh O;olk;klkBh ?ksÅu rs O;olk; d: 'kdysvlrs- ijarq v'kh eksD;kph tkxk R;kauh O;olk;klkBh u ?ksrk Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;kukokoj ?ksryh- gsgh ,d eksB vkÜp;Z Eg.kkos ykxsy- R;k tkxsoj 'kS{kf.kd iquoZluizdYi mHkk dj.;kph ;kstuk R;kauh vk[kyh-

'kkafrykythauh v'kk izdkjP;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikpk izLrko r;kjdsyk] R;kph ;kstuk vk[kyh- izR;sd uSlfxZd vkiÙkhP;k osGh iquoZluklkBh tkxfrdc¡d gh izR;sd ns'kkyk] jkT;kauk o Lo;alsoh laLFkkauk eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkfFkZd lgdk;Zdjhr vlrs- tsOgk tkxfrd c¡dsP;k vf/kdkÚ;kadMs 'kkafrykythauh dks.kR;kghuSlfxZd vkiÙkhrY;k eqykaps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu dj.;kP;k lanHkkZrhy ukohU;iw.kZ

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dYiuk R;kaP;kleksj lknj dsY;k rsOgk R;kaukgh ;kps vkÜp;Z o dkSrqd okVys-'kkafrykythauh 10 ,dj tkxk fodr ?ksrysyhp gksrh- R;koj 'kkGk o olfrx`gkphbekjr cka/k.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh tks izLrko egkjk"Vª 'kklukP;k f'kQkj'khustkxfrd c¡dsdMs ikBfoyk gksrk R;kyk tkxfrd c¡dsus eatqjh fnyh- 'kklukP;k orhusVsaMj dk<wu] 'kkafrykythauh [kjsnh dsysY;k tkxsoj cka/kdke d:u rs Hkkjrh; tSula?kVusyk lqiwnZ dsys- v'kk i/nrhus eksBh LoIu ikgk;ph vkf.k rh LoIua fdrhgh eksBhvlyh rjh rh ;'kLoh dj.;klkBh >ikVwu R;kaP;k ekxs ykxk;ps o Lor%P;kiz;Rukauh R;kr ;'k feGok;ps gk t.kw 'kkafrykythapk ,d xq.k/keZp cuyk gksrk-LoIu ikg.kkjh eaMGh loZp vlrkr] iajrq rs iw.kZ dj.;klkBh ek.kwl dksBs deh iMrksgs 'ksoVi;±r dGrp ukgh vkf.k bFks ek= Hkjiwj eksBh LoIu ikgwulq)k gh ,dpO;Drh ikfgysyh LoIu d'kh lkdkj d: 'kdrs gs R;kaP;k thoukpk izoklikfgY;kuarj R;kph izfprh ;srs-

'kkafrykythauh ;k izdYikyk ^ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi* vls ukofnys- HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqykauk ok?kksyh ;sFks gyfoys- fiaijh ;sFkhy 'kkGsphfoHkkx.kh dsyh o fiaijh o ok?kksyh ;k nksUgh fBdk.kh 'kkGk lq: dsY;k- dkgh fnolkr'kkGscjkscj egkfo|ky;kykgh ijokuxh feGkyh o v'kkizdkjs ikpohiklwu inohi;±rf'k{k.k ?ks.;klkBh 'kkGk] egkfo|ky; o olfrx`g v'kh iw.kZ ;a=.kk lTt >kyh-'kkafrykyth R;kaP;k ;'kkph ,d&,d deku oj p<r gksrs- ckjk'ks iSdhnksu&vMhp'ks HkwdaixzLr eqys ,d o"kZ lgk efgU;kr deh >kyh- ijarq th fVdyhR;kauk ek= R;kapa ikpohiklwu rs inohi;±rpa f'k{k.k] jkg.k] tso.k] diMsyÙks gs lxGaHkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;k ek/;ekrwu foukewY; feGkys- eqykaph eksBîkk izek.kkoj izxrhgksÅ ykxyh- xzkeh.k Hkkxkryh eqys vlwulq)k 'kgjh HkkxkrY;k eqykaP;ke/;s felGwykxyh- 'kkafrykythauh ;k 'kkGk o egkfo|ky;ke/;s LFkkfud eqys o eqyhauk izos'kfnyk] ts.ksd:u 'kgjkrhy eqykauh ;k [ksMîkkrY;k o HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqykaukvkiY;ke/;s lkekowu ?;kos] R;kauk lgdk;Z djkos o R;kauk vkiY;k cjkscj vk.kkos ghR;k ikBhekxph dYiuk gksrh- LFkkfud eqyhaukgh 'kkGk o egkfo|ky;kr izk/kkU;ns.;kr vkys- dks&,T;qds'ku Eg.kwu rs ,d jk"Vªh; drZO;p gksra-

gh 'kkGk ikg.;klkBh ns'kHkjkrwu vusd eksBîkk O;Drh vkY;k- tGxko;sFkhy tSu bfjxs'kups laLFkkid vknj.kh; Jh- Hkojykyth tSu ;kauh 'kkGsyk HksVfnyh- R;kuarj R;kauh vkiY;k Hkkouk O;Dr dsY;k- rs Eg.kkys ^^ykrwj Hkwdaikrwuf'k{k.kklkBh iq.;kr vk.kysY;k eqykalkBh 'kkafryky eqFFkkauh 'kkGk lq: dsyh vkgs]vls letY;ko:u eh rh ikgk;yk xsyks vkf.k Hkkjkowu xsyks- lkeqnkf;d fookgladYiusps iz.ksrs Eg.kwu eyk R;kaph rksaMvksG[k gksrh- iq<s R;kaP;k LoHkkokpk ifjp;

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gksr xsyk- 'kkafrykythauk ,d fof'k"V miyC/kh vkgs- ftFks ts ts dkgh pkaxya vlsyrs yodjkr yodj xzg.k d:u R;koj vaey dj.ks] v'kk fBdk.kP;k lxGîkkO;Drhauk tksMwu Bso.ks-

laLFkk mHkkj.;klaca/kh R;kaP;k eukr fopkj lq: >kyk- R;k osGh rh d'khmHkkjk;ph] rh fpjdky fVd.;klkBh dk; djk;yk gos ;kcíy vkeP;kr ppkZ gksr-rsOgk eh R;kauk laLFksph ?kVuk vl.ks vko';d vlY;kps lkafxrys- laLFksps yksd dlsvlkosr] ;kps fud"k lkafxrys- R;krY;k ^pkfj«;laiUurk* ;k 'kCnkoj v/kkZrkl rjhysDpj fnya- R;k osGh ehgh vlkp vlk;yk gok] ;kcíy rs vfr'k; eksdGsi.kkuacksyys- R;kaP;k R;k izkekf.kdi.kkcíy eyk Qkj vizwi okVya- eh R;kauk ^dk;nk]O;ogkj vkf.k uhfreÙkk ;k frUghph lkaxM ?kkywu dke djk] vkf.k vls djhr rqEghiq<s tkr jkfgykr rj ;'kkpa mÙkaqx f'k[kj xkBrk ;sbZy* vla Eg.kkyks- ek>a gs cksy.kaR;kauh Qkjp eukoj ?ksrysya fnlwu ;sra;- dkj.k vkt vkeP;k lektkr R;kapa ukoQkj vknjkua ?ksrya tkra- vR;ar /kMkMhua] Lor%P;k vkfFkZd dekbZrwu [kpZ djhr] T;kT;k {ks=kr R;kauh dke dsys frFks R;kauh ;'kkph f'k[kjs iknkØkar dsyh-**

v'kk i/nrhus HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqys gGwgGw iq<P;k oxkZr tkÅ ykxyh-lq#okrhP;k dkGkr ;k eqykaps laxksiu dj.;klkBh o vH;klkP;k –"Vhus R;kaph r;kjhO;ofLFkr d:u ?ks.;kP;k –"Vhus [kwi osxosxGs iz;ksx d:u ?;kos ykxys- dks.krh eqysdks.kR;k fo"k;kr deh iMrkr ;kpk 'kks/k ?ksÅu R;k fo"k;klkBhps ,DLVªk dksfpaxDyklsl yko.;kr vkys- iq.ks 'kgjkrhy vla[; yksdkauh ;k dk;kZr gkrHkkj ykoyk-d/khgh olfrx`g pkyfoys ulrkuk ,dne gtkj eqykaps olfrx`g pkyok;ps gk ,dosxGkp iz;ksx gksrk o vkOgkugh gksrs- ;kps O;oLFkkiu dj.;klkBh] olfrx`gpkyfo.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh pkanoM ;sFkhy Jh usehukFk tSu czãp;kZJe ;k'kS{kf.kd laLFkse/kwu fuo`Ùk >kysY;k o dkgh dke djhr vl.kkÚ;k O;Drh ;kapk ,dlewg iq.;kr vk.kyk- R;ke/;s Jh Mh-ih- 'ksGds gs fuo`Ùk >kysys eq[;k/;kid gksrs-R;kauh ;k loZ olfrx`gkP;k dkedktkph vfr'k; i)r'khj vk[k.kh d:u fnyh-'kkafrykythauh R;kauk iw.kZi.ks dkekps Lokra«; fnys o R;kauh vfr'k; rUe;rsus ;kizdYikyk mHks dj.;klkBh pkaxyh enr dsyh- 'kkafrykythaps mfí"V dsoGfo|kF;kZauk 'kkGse/;s ikl dj.ks o [kk;yk&I;k;yk ns.ks ,o<s e;kZfnr uOgrs rj ;keqykaoj pkaxY;k izdkjps laLdkj >kys ikfgtsr o R;kauk R;kaps vk;q"; tx.;klkBhvH;klkP;k cjkscjhus vko';d vl.kkjh dykgh ;k olfrx`gkrwu feGkoh gk mís'k;k izdYikekxpk gksrk- t'kht'kh eqya ngkoh&ckjkoh ikl gksÅ ykxyh rlr'kholfrx`gkrhy eqykaph la[;k deh gksÅ ykxyh- eqykaph deh >kysyh la[;k ikgrkvkrk ;k fBdk.kh dks.kkyk izos'k |kok vlk fopkj lq: >kyk-

84

eqykaph olfrx`gkrhy la[;k deh >kY;keqGs vki.k R;k fBdk.kh dks.kR;keqykauk vk.kys vlk iz'u 'kkafrykythauk fopkjyk vlrk rs Eg.kkys ^^eh 'kS{kf.kdiquoZlu izdYi mHkk djrkuk R;ke/;s lq:okrhyk tjh HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqysvk.kysyh vlyh o R;kaps iquoZlu pkyw vlys rjh eqya njo"khZ ikl gksr xsY;keqGsolfrx`gkrhy eqykaph la[;k deh >kyh- R;k fBdk.kh dks.krhgh uSlfxZd vkiÙkhvkyh ukgh ¼vkf.k r'kh ;sÅgh u;s½ rj eh vlk fopkj dsyk dh] egkjk"Vªke/;svkfnoklh lekt eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkgs- fonHkkZrhy vejkorh ftYgîkkrhy esG?kkVgk Hkkjrkrhy lksekyh;k ekuyk tkrks- njo"khZ gtkjks eqys dqiks"k.kkeqGs ;k Hkkxkre`R;qeq[kh iMrkr- ;k vkfnoklh Hkkxkrhy eqykaph f'k{k.kkph O;oLFkk dj.;kP;k–f"Vdksukrwu 'kklu eksBîkk izek.kkoj ldkjkRed iz;Ru djhr vkgs ;kcíy oknpukgh- R;kp ifjljkr vla[; vkJe'kkGk mH;k d:u eqykaP;k f'k{k.kkph O;oLFkkvfr'k; pkaxY;k i/nrhus dsyh tkr vkgss- vkfnoklh lektklkBhlq/nk 'kklukusvusd ;kstuk jkcfoysY;k vkgsr o jkcfor vkgs-

fdR;sd Lo;alsoh laLFkk njo"khZ lkrR;kus ;k Hkkxkr tkÅu eksBîkk izek.kkojdk;Z djhr vkgsr- gh xks"V ok[kk.k.;ktksxh vkgs- vkfnoklh lektkpk iz'up brdkeksBk vkgs dh] 'kklu Lo;alsoh laLFkk ;k lokZauh feGwu tjh iz;Ru dsys rjhgh rsdehp iMr vlrkr- Eg.kwu eh vlk fopkj dsyk dh] ;k vkfnoklh lkektkP;kmUurhlkBh ,d NksVklk iz;ksx d:u igkok- rks iz;ksx Eg.kts esG?kkVkrY;k vkfnoklheqykauk iw.ks ;sFks f'k{k.kklkBh vk.kwu R;kaP;koj f'k{k.kkcjkscj vkRefo'okl] /kS;Z]dkS'kY;] fofo/k xq.k] O;fDreÙo fodkl] drZcxkj ukxfjd] eksBeksBh vkOgkusisy.kkÚ;k O;Drh v'kk osxosxGîkk izdkjP;k xq.koku yksdkauh tj ;k fo|kF;kZaojf'kLrc)i.ks dke dsys rj vktps gs fo|kFkhZ m|k osxosxGîkk {ks=kr eksBs gksrhy-'kklukrQsZ feGkysY;k fo'ks"k loyrh o fo'ks"k dksVîkkP;k ek/;ekus dks.kR;kgh {ks=kriq<s tk.;klkBh R;kauk pkaxY;k izdkjP;k la/kh izkIr gksrhy- ,dnk tj dk la/khfeGkyh vkf.k gh eqys iq<s tkr jkfgyh rj eksBh >kY;koj gh eqya vkikiY;k {ks=ke/;sHkj?kksl dke d: 'kdrhy o Lor%P;k vkfnoklh lektkP;k mUurhlkBh rs eksBîkkizek.kkoj /kMiM djrhy-

gs loZ dj.;klkBh v'kk eqykauk f'k{k.kkP;k fufeÙkkus R;k HkkxkP;k ckgsjdk<wu R;k HkkxkP;k ckgsjgh eksBs tx vkgs] osxosxGîkk izdkjps yksd vkgsr] [kwiizdkjP;k Li/kkZ vlwu] eksBeksBh LoIu ikgrk ;srkr o R;k LoIukaP;k ikBhekxs ykxrk;srs- rsFkwu R;kauk iq.;klkj[;k 'kgjkrhy fo|kF;k±P;k cjkscj oxkZe/;s clowu eksBîkkizek.kkoj vki.k izxrh d: 'kdw v'kkizdkjpk vkRefo'okl R;kaP;ke/;s fuekZ.kgksbZy- rlsp R;kauk f'k{k.kkcjkscj brjgh loZ ckch tj vki.k fnY;k rj 20&25

85

o"kkZuarj vkfnoklh lektke/;s Qjd iMw 'kdsy vls eyk okVrs- l/;kP;kifjfLFkrhr izR;sd osGh 'kklukP;k ek/;ekus fdaok laLFksP;k ek/;ekus vkfnoklhlektkyk uqlrhp vkfFkZd enr tj nsr xsyks rj 'kD;rk v'kh vkgs dh] R;kiSdhdkgh eaMGh nj o"khZ enr rj feGrsp Eg.kwu R;kapk dke dj.;kpk mRlkg deh gksÅ'kdrks- lkgftdp dke u dsY;keqGs rs O;lukf/kursdMs oG.;kph 'kD;rk tkLrvkgs o R;kps nq"ifj.kke dqVqacO;oLFksoj gksrhy- vk/khp eksBh va/kJ)k] ckyfookg;klkj[;k leL;kauh xzklysY;k ;k lektkyk izxrh dj.;kP;k n`"Vhus vls dkgh dsysikfgts o Bksl ikÅy mpyys ikfgts vls ekÖ;k eukr vkys-

esG?kkVe/khy eqykapk njo"khZ dqiks"k.kkeqGs e`R;w gksr vlY;kP;korZekui=kr ;s.kkÚ;k ckrE;kaps ladyu d:u ,ds fno'kh izQqYy ikj[k] lqn'kZu tSuo iznhi tSu ;kauh ;k fo"k;koj Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus ;koj xkaHkh;kZus iz;Ru dsysikfgtsr vlk vkxzg ekÖ;kdMs /kjyk-

Jh- lqn'kZuth tSu gs fonHkZ foHkkxkps v/;{k gksrs- Jh- izQqYyth ikj[k'kkafrykythaP;k lgoklkr dls vkys gk R;kapk vuqHko Qkj osxGkp vkgs-

R;kauh lkafxrys ^^,[kknh ?kVuk] ,[kknk izlax fdaok vxnhp lkaxk;pa >kyarj ,[kknk {k.kgh ek.klkpa vk;q"; ifjorZu dj.;klkBh dkj.khHkwr Bjrks-ekÖ;kckcrhr vlap >kya- - - >kya dk; dh] xkasfn;ke/;s b- l- 1992 e/;s i-iw-jruequhth egkjktlkgsc ;kapk pkrqekZl gksrk- pkrqekZlkP;k R;k pkj efgU;kae/;sR;kaps xq: ^t;eyth egkjktlkgc* ;kaP;k t;arhfufeRr ,d dk;ZØe vk;ksftrdsyk gksrk- ;k dk;ZØekyk Jh- 'kkafrykyth eqFFkk ;k ukokpss iq.;kps dks.kh ,dlkekftd dk;ZdrsZ izeq[k ikgq.ks Eg.kwu fueaf=r dsys gksrs- R;kizek.ks 'kkafrykythizFke ukxiwjyk vkys- eh R;k osGh ukxiwjyk jkgkr gksrks- eyk gh ckreh letyh-eyk xksafn;kyk pkrqekZlklkBh tkola okVr gksrs i.k dkekP;k /kkoiGhr vkt tkÅ]m|k tkÅ vls pkyys gksrs- f'kok; vls dkgh dk;ZØe pkrqekZlkr gksrp vlrkr]ikgq.ksgh ;sr vlrkr] R;kaps fopkj rs ekaMr vlrkr- R;kr ;k eqFFkkalkBh tkosp vlsekÖ;k eukr vkys ukgh- - - eh 'kkar gksrks- ek= ifjorZukpk {k.k vkyk gksrk & ekÖ;kudGr-

R;kp osGh ;orekGps Jh- egsanzth lqjk.kk ekÖ;kdMs vkys vu~ Eg.kkys]^^pyk ekÖ;kcjkscj] eh ;k Jh- 'kkafryky eqFFkkauk ?ksÅu xksafn;kyk tk.kkj vkgs]rqEghgh pyk- ek>h Qkj bPNk vkgs] R;kaP;k'kh rqeph vksG[k Ogkoh Eg.kwu- pyk - - -vkt jfookj vkgs- eh b- l- 1989 e/;s R;kauk HksVyks gksrks - - - Qkj izHkkohr >kyks;~eh - - - dk; ek.kwl vkgs! vkt izR;{kp HksVk R;kauk - - -** R;kauh ,o<k vkxzgdsY;keqGs ex eh mByks vkf.k R;kaP;kcjkscj xsyks!

86

ukxiwj rs xksafn;k vkf.k ijr ukxiwj v'kk izoklkr 'kkafrykytha'kh eh xIik

ekjY;k- ;k xIikae/;s eh R;kauk pDd dkgh vkMos&frMos iz'ugh fopkjys vkf.k

R;kauh ekÖ;koj u jkxkork 'kkari.ks mÙkjsgh fnyh- [kjsrj R;kaP;k Hkk"k.kkus eh Qkj

Hkkjkowu xsyks gksrks] R;kaP;krhy vkd"kZdrk] ikjn'kZdrk] lk/ksi.kk] uezrk]

lgu'khyrk ;kaps n'kZu eyk R;kaP;k okx.îkkrwu gksr gksrs- R;kaP;k cksy.;krwu ^cksys

rSlk pkys* ;kpk izR;;gh ;sr gksrk- rjhgh eh R;kauk dkgh iz'u fopkjhr gksrks- ,d

iz'u rj eyk pkaxyk vkBorks; - - - vxnh ekfeZd vkf.k oehZ ?kko ?kky.kkjkp iz'u

gksrk rks - - - eh fopkjys] ^^vki.k lektlsok djrk ex vki.k jktdkj.kkr tk.kkj

dk\,e-,y-,- gks.;kph ns[khy egÙokdka{kk vlsy vkiY;k eukr- dkj.k ljdkj'kh

nksLrh dsyh dh] cka/kdkekaps ^Bsds* feGrkr ex R;krwu lektdk;Zgh djrk ;sra-**

'kkafrykythauh ekÖ;klkj[;k vuksG[kh ek.klkus dsysY;k ;k ljG

gYY;kus vftckr fopyhr u gksrk] {k.kkpkgh foyac u ykork 'kkari.ks mÙkj fnys]

^^eh jktdkj.kkr tk.kkj ukgh- lektlsokp dj.kkj vkgs- ekÖ;k e`R;wuarj ek>h

vksG[k ^lektlsod* v'khp vlkoh- vkf.k [kjarj jktdkj.kkr xsyks] rjh okbZV dk\

- - - ¼i.k eh ukgh tk.kkj - - -½- ljdkj'kh eS=h vl.kkÚ;k izR;sdkykp ^Bsds* feGrkr

vls rj ukgh uk\ eyk ^Bsds* feGrkr rs ekÖ;k dkekP;k xq.koÙksoj-

vkrk rj eh ekÖ;k O;olk;kr ukghp- eh vls r;kj

dsys dh] R;klkBh izR;{k Qkjlk osG u nsrkgh eyk iSlk feGrks vkgs- vkf.k rs iSls

eyk lektdk;kZlkBh okijrk ;srkr- eh rqEgkyk uezi.ks lkaxw bfPNrks dh]

ljdkjdMwu fdaok lektkdMwu ekÖ;k eukrY;k ;kstusuqlkj lektdk;kZlkBh eh ,d

iSlkgh ?ksr ukgh] ?ks.kkj ukgh- eyk lektdk;Z djk;pa vlsy rj R;klkBh ykx.kkjk

iSlk ehp mHkk dj.kkj gs lw= vk/kh Bjoys vkf.k ex eh dkekyk lq#okr dsyh- iSlk

feGo.;klkBhp [kwi osG [kpZ djk;pk vkf.k jkfgysyk osG lektlsoslkBh - - -

v'kk fopkjkpk eh ukgh- eh usgeh myVk fopkj dsyk vkf.k R;keqGs dkgh izek.kkr

dkegh djrk vkya] ;sra; - - -**

R;kaph cksy.;kph i)r] MksGîkkrwu O;Dr gks.kkjk LoPN&lk/kk Hkko vkf.k

mÙkjkps gs 'kCn ,sdwu eh [kthy >kyks- i.k R;keqGsp ekÖ;k eukr fdarw f'kYyd

jkfgyk ukgh- vkf.k R;kp{k.kh eh R;kaP;kcjkscj dke djk;pa Bjowugh Vkdya-

ukxiwjP;k ekÖ;k O;olk;kpa fodsanzhdj.k dsya- vFkkZr R;klkBh eyk

Business Model

87

10&15 o"ksZ ykxyh- vkf.k 'kkafrykythacjkscj dke dj.;klkBh iq.;kr ;sÅu

nk[ky >kyks- R;kyk vkrk ohl o"ksZ gksrhy - - -

;k ohl o"kkZr ukxiwj vkf.k O;olk; lksMY;kpk eyk ,dnkgh i'pkrki rj

>kyk ukghp- myV ek>a thou izokfgr >kya- eyk 'kkafrykythacíy dk; dk;

okVra] 'kCnkarwu rs Qkjla lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- ex eh Ñrhrwu] izR;sd dkekrwu rs O;Dr

dj.;kpk iz;Ru djhrks- eyk okVra] 'kkafrykyth Eg.kts]

vkgsr- R;kauk eh ekurks- R;kapa ekÖ;k i)rhua eh

ckjdkbZua fujh{k.k djhrks- R;kaP;k cksy.;krwu] fopkjkrwu] O;ogkjkrwu] laidkZrwu]

dkSVaqfcdrsrwu eh tx.;kph ewY;s f'kdrks- ek>a lxGa vk;q";p eh R;kauk lefiZr

dsya;~-

R;kaP;ktoG tsOgk vkfFkZd lqcÙkk uOgrh rsOgkgh R;kaP;k toGph oSpkfjd

laiÙkh rs lektkyk nsrp gksrs vkf.k vkrk tsOgk lxGa oSHko izkIr >kya] rsOgk lq)k rs

lektkykp ijr ns.;klkBh R;kaph eu%iwoZd pkyysyh /kMiM eh ikgrks - - - vkf.k

ureLrd gksrks! R;kaP;kcjkscj dke d: 'kdrks gs ek>a HkkX;p uOgs dk;\

vkrk okVra] R;k fno'kh eh xksafn;kyk xsyks rs fdrh ;ksX; Bjya ukgh dk\- -

- ifjorZukpk {k.k idMrk ;s.ka - - - gsgh 'ksoVh HkkX;kr vlkoa ykxra! - - -**

vkfnoklh lektkrhy eqykaP;k 'kS{kf.kd leL;k gkns[khy ,d uSlfxZd

vkiÙkhpk Hkkx vkgs vls letwu olfrx`gke/kwu tlt'kh ykrwjph eqya ckgsj tkÅ

ykxyh rlr'kh esG?kkVkrhy eqya vk.k.;kP;k lanHkkZrhy /kksj.kkRed fu.kZ;

'kkafrykythauh ?ksryk- 'kkafrykythauh ;k esG?kkVkrY;k eqykauk ;k fBdk.kh

vk.k.;kekxph dYiuk o Hkkouk eyk letkowu lkafxryh rsOgk eh vfr'k; LrC/k

>kys- ,d O;Drh brdk eksBk fopkj d: 'kdrs gs [kja rj 'kD;p okVr ukgh- ;k

R;kaP;k dk;kZr ,d lokZr eksBk vMFkGk gksrk rks Eg.kts jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh;

Lrjkoj ygku eqykauk R;kaP;k ?kjkP;k o R;kaP;k {ks=kP;k ckgsj usÅu R;kaps 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu dsys tkÅ u;s] ts dkgh djk;ps vlsy rs R;kaP;k Hkkxkrp dsys tkos] v'kk

izdkjpk ladsr vkfnoklhae/;s vlrkuk 'kkafrykythauh ek= useda ;k vkarjjk"Vªh;

ladsrkP;k fojks/kkr Hkwfedk ?ksryh gksrh-

eh R;kauk iz'u fopkjyk dh] vki.k eqykauk ckgsj u us.;kpk vkarjjk"Vªh;

Mobile school of

Management Roll Model

88

ladsr dk cjs eksMyk\ ;kcíy vkiyh Hkwfedk dk; vkgs\ ;koj R;kauh fnysys mÙkj

[kwip egÙokps gksrs- rs Eg.kkys ^^eyk ;k xks"Vhph dYiuk vkgs dh] eqykauk R;kaP;k

Hkkxkrwu ckgsj nqlÚ;k Hkkxkr f'k{k.kklkBh izLFkkfir dj.;ke/;s vkarjjk"Vªh; laLFkkapk

eksBk fojks/k vlrks- eh tsOgk ykrwjP;k eqykauk iq.;kyk vk.kya rsOgk eh ;k fojks/kkyk

rksaM fnys vkgs- ijarq eh Lor% ,d iz;ksx'khy ek.kwl vkgs- vkarjjk"Vªh; Lrjkoj

eqykauk Lor%p ?kjnkj] xko fdaok {ks= lksMwu nqljhdMs cnyfo.;kl fojks/k vkgs] gk

,d loZlkekU; fu;e Eg.kwu eykgh ekU; vkgs- i.k tsOgk ,[kknh fof'k"V ifjfLFkrh

mn~Hkors] mnkgj.kkFkZ] ykrwjyk [kwi eksBk Hkwdai >kysyk vkgs] Eg.kts R;k fBdk.kh ,d

uSlfxZd vkiÙkhph ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kysyh vkgs] ,d foink vkysyh vlwu] R;k

xkops nSuafnu thou foLdGhr >kysys vkgs o vla[; yksd e`R;w ikoys vkgsr-

?kjkaph iM>M gksrs v'kk osGh tj ygku eqykauk R;kp xkokr Bsok;ps Bjys rj

dnkfpr rh eqys ekufldn`"Vîkk vk.k[kh tkLr [kprhy dh dk; ;kph 'kD;rk

vlrs- R;keqGs R;kauk R;k okrkoj.kkrwu ckgsj dk<.ks gh dkGkph xjt vkgs vls ek>s

oS;fDrd er vkgs- rhp Hkwfedk vkfnoklh eqykackcr eh ?ksryh- dnkfpr ekÖ;k ;k

erk'kh dkgh yksd lger ulrhy gsgh eyk ekU; vkgs- ijarq eyk ekÖ;k cq/nhus

le;lwpdrsizek.ks tks fu.kZ; ?ks.ks ;ksX; okVyk rks ?ks.îkkpk eh iz;Ru dsyk-**

;k R;kaP;k fu.kZ;keqGs Jh- lqn'kZuth tSu] Jh- iznhith tSu o Jh- izQqYyth

ikj[k ;kauk lek/kku okVys- lqn'kZuthauk 'kkafrykythacíy okV.kkÚ;k vknjkr

vk.k[kh Hkj iMyh- 'kkafrykythacíy cksyrkuk lqn'kZuth lkaxrkr ^^tsOgk ek.klkyk

la/kh feGrs rsOgk lektkyk vki.k dk; nsÅ 'kdrks] ;kpa ewfrZear mnkgj.k Eg.kts

'kkafryky eqFFkk- MksaxjkG Hkkxkrwu] vxnh ygku'kk [ksMîkkrwu] lkekU; ifjfLFkrhrwu

vki.k iq.;kyk vkyks vkgksr ;kph iw.kZ tk.kho Bso.kkÚ;k 'kkafrykythauh Lod"Vkus]

Lodr`ZRokus ifjfLFkrhp cnywu Vkdyh- ,dnk iSlk] lq[klksbZ feGk;yk ykxY;koj

dks.kh Qkjls ekxs ikgr ukgh- i.k R;kaP;k ckcrhr myVsp >kya- vkrk eh f'k[kjkoj

vkgs i.k ik;kyk ek= foljyks ukgh- vla R;kaP;k okx.;kr Li"V fnlra-

rs ,d fo|kihB vkgsr- R;kaP;kdMwu f'kdkos rso< dehp vkgs- rs 'kCnkrwu

deh cksyrkr vkf.k fu%'kCn gksÅu dke djrkr- R;kauh izR;sd v¡xyus Lor%yk

MsOgyi dsya & ?kMoya & dla rs 'kCnkr lkaxrkp ;sr ukgh-

vkJw iql.;kis{kk vkJw ;s.;kph dkj.ka u"V dj.ka R;kauk egÙokpa okVra-

89

R;kaP;k fopkj dj.;kP;k i)rhuqlkj R;kapk ^v/kkZ Xykl dk;e Hkjysykp* vlrks- rs

Eg.krkr] ^nksu fnolkr ,d jk= ;srs] nksu jk=hae/;s ,d fnol ukgh! ,[kknh ckreh

vkiY;kyk ekfgrhlkj[kh okVrs rj R;kauk rh dkgh djkoa vla okV.kkjh vlrs-

b- l- 1991 e/;s cMusjk ;sFks HkjysY;k tSu laesyukr eyk

'kkafrykythadMs ikgwu ^tcjnLr O;fDreÙo* Eg.kts dls vlrs rs letys- iq.ks

;sFkhy laesyu fBdk.kh rs cWuj cka/kr gksrs- xqtjkr Hkwdaikr tfeuhoj >ksir gksrs-

NÙkhlx<yk jk;iwj ;sFkhy vf/kos'kukr R;kaps Hkk"k.k ,sd.;klkBh yksd mRlqd gksrs-

tsOgk Hkk"k.k ,sdys rsOgk yksd vfr'k; izHkkohr >kys- dk;ZØe laiY;kuarj jsYose/kwu

izokl djrkuk lxGÓkkaukp Hkwd ykxyh & 'kkafrykythaukgh Hkwd ykxyh gksrhp- i.k

R;kauk [kk;yk dk; |k;pa & toGpa lxGa laiysya- QDr f'kGîkk iksGîkk vkf.k

pV.kh f'kYyd jkfgyh gksrh] rhp dqLd:u R;kr ik.kh ?kkywu [kkYY;kojpk R;kapk

vkuanh psgjk eyk vtwu vkBorks;-

eyk okVra R;kauk 'kCnfl)h & okpkfl)h vkgs- R;kauk LoIua ikgk;yk

vkoMrkr vkf.k la/kh vkyh dh rh LoIua rs [kjh djrkr- R;kauk LoIua iMrkr rh

lektklkBh] ns'kklkBh dkgh fo/kk;d dke dj.;kphp! v'kh LoIua ikgkr vkf.k rh

[kjh djhr tx.kkÚ;k 'kkafrykythauk ofguhaph tcjnLr lkFk vkgs- fnysyk 'kCn

ikG.kkjk vktP;k ;qxkryk gk Jhjke vkgs!!**

BjY;kizek.ks 'kkafrykythauh esG?kkVkrhy 350 eqys ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu izdYike/;s vk.k.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ikpoh rs ckjkohi;±r f'kd.kkjh 350

eqya lekjaHkklg 9 vkWxLV 1997 ;k Økafrfnuh iq.;kyk vk.k.;kr vkyh-

'kkafrykyth o ljykrkbZ gs esG?kkV ;sFks vkys- R;kauh eqykaP;k ikydkauk fuf'apr

jkg.;kps vk'oklu fnys o 350 eqykaps ikydRo vfr'k; laqnj lekjaHkke/;s

Lohdkjys-

ok?kksyh izdYike/;s LFkkfud eqykacjkscj HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqys

R;kpcjkscj vkrk vkfnoklh eqys v'kh osxosxGh eqys jkgw ykxyh- vkfnoklh eqykauk

vk.kY;kuarj ifgY;k ,d o"kkZr 'kkafrykythauk [kwi /kMs f'kdk;yk feGkys] vls rs

Eg.kr- R;keqGs ;kckcr R;kauk fopkjys vlrk R;kauh iq<hyizek.ks mÙkj fnys- ^^eyk

;kiwohZ ekghr uOgra dh] esG?kkVkrY;k eqykauk QDr dksjdw Hkk"kk cksyrk ;srs] R;kauk

ejkBh o brj dks.krhgh Hkk"kk cksyrk ;sr ukgh] gs eyk izFkep letya- R;keqGs

90

f'k{k.kkr fdrh vMp.kh ;sÅ 'kdrkr ;kpk vankt eh d: ykxyks- vxnh lkroh

fdaok uoohP;k eqykyklq/nk ,[kknk ifjPNsn O;ofLFkr fyfgrk ;sr ukgh- dkgh dkgh

eqykauk rj vkiys ukogh fyfg.ks vo?kM tkrs] v'kh R;kaph voLFkk fnlwu vkyh-

tsOgk eqykauk ifgY;kank esG?kkV ;sFkwu vk.kys rsOgk 80 VDD;kais{kk tkLr eqykauh

ifgY;kankp jsYos cf?kryh gksrh- ,dkgh eqykua iq.;kbrda eksBa 'kgj cf?krya uOgra-

ekÖ;k vla y{kkr vkya dh] ;k eqykaph {kerk [kwi eksBh vkgs- ijarq R;kauk vkiyh

{kerk nk[kfo.;kph la/kh feGr ukgh- eyk R;kauk ejkBh Hkk"kk f'kdok;yk vMp.kh

fuekZ.k >kY;k-

cksMkZP;k ijh{ksr iq.;kyk ;k eqykauk clfoY;kuarj ekÖ;k olfrx`gkpk

fudky ,dne deh ykxyk- eyk fudky deh >kY;kph fpark eqGhp uOgrh- dkj.k

vkBoh&uoohrY;k eqykauk esG?kkVkrwu vk.kwu ijh{ksyk cloY;kus fudky deh gks.ka

LokHkkfod gksra- eyk fpark gksrh rh ;k eqykaoj [kÚ;k vFkkZus eh ifj.kke dlk d:

'kdsu- dks.krhgh xks"V vuqHkokf'kok; f'kdyh tkr ukgh o vuqHko ?ksr vlrkuk tj

pqdk >kY;k rj R;krwu ek.kwl vf/kd pkaxya f'kdw 'kdrks] rlsp eyk okVya-

ikpoh rs ngkohrhy eqys vk.krkuk o R;kaP;koj pkj&ikp o"ksZ lkrR;kus

osxosxGs iz;ksx djhr vlrkuk ts vuqHko vkys R;k vuqHkoko:u eyk [kwi dkgh

f'kdk;yk feGkys- th eqys eh ikpohe/;s vk.kyh gksrh R;kaph izxrh inoh/kj

gksbZi;±r [kwi eksBîkk izek.kkoj >kyh gksrh- ijarq uooh&ngkohP;k eqykauk eh tkLr

cnyw 'kdyks ukgh- esG?kkVkrhy dkgh dksd: cksy.kkjh f'k{kd eaMGh eh vk.kyh

gksrh- ts.ksd:u R;kauk loZ xks"Vh letwu lkaxrk ;srhy- lq#okrhps dkgh fnol d"Vkps

tkrhy- ijarq ,dnk tj dk gh eqys :Gk;yk lq:okr >kyh dh ex ikBhekxs c?kk;pa

dkj.kp ukgh- R;keqGs eyk ;k izdYikoj ts ts dkgh f'kdk;yk feGkys o rs

f'kd.;klkBh Eg.kwu eh ngk o"kkZpk tks vo/kh ?kkyfoyk rsOgk eyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus

vkfnoklh lektkP;k eqykaP;k iquoZlukP;k izR;sd VII;kcíy mik;;kstuk 'kks/krk

vkY;k-

;k ngk o"kkZP;k vuqHkokeqGs o la'kks/kukeqGs b- l- 2007 e/;s eh ;k

vkfnoklh eqykaP;k lkBh ,d uohu iz;ksx dsyk- rks vlk gksrk dh] nj o"khZ vejkorh

ftYgîkkrhy esG?kkV o Bk.ks ftYgîkkrhy dkslckM ;k ifjljkrhy b;Ùkk pkSFkh ikl

>kysyh 75&80 eqys iq.;kyk vk.kk;ph- gh eqys vk.krkuk R;k ifjljke/;s R;kaP;k

91

osxosxGîkk pkp.;k ?;k;P;k] R;kaph {kerk iMrkGwu igk;ph] R;kapk pkSFkhryk

fudky riklwu pkaxyh o fuoMd v'kh eqys 'kks/kwu R;kauk iq.;kr ikpohyk izos'k

|k;pk- ,dnk eqyxk ikpohyk vkiY;kdMs vkyk dh] R;kps f'k{k.k iw.kZ gksbZi;±r

R;kyk vkiY;kdMsp Bsok;ps- dkj.k v'kk osGh R;kaP;koj laLdkj dj.;klkBh o

R;kauk osxosxGîkk i/nrhus ?kMfo.;klkBh Hkjiwj osG laLFksyk feGw 'kdsy o R;ke/;s

rks fo|kFkhZ [kÚ;k vFkkZus ifjiw.kZ gksÅ 'kdsy vls ek>s er >kys-

v'kh ikpohr vkysyh eqya vkrk vkBoh&uoohr xsyh vkgsr o njo"khZ

iqUgk ikpohph eqya ;srp vkgsr- gh eqya tsOgk cksMkZyk clrhy rsOgk ;kapk fudky

'kaHkj VDds vlsy ;kph eyk [kk=h vkgs- gh eqya dkgh ckcrhr iq.;krhy eqykaP;k

iq<sgh vlw 'kdrhy ;kph eyk [kk=h vkgs- gh eqys 'kaHkj VDds R;kaP;k vk;q";kr iq<s

pedrhy ;k fo"k;h ekÖ;k eukr 'kadk ukgh- osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh vlysY;k

loyrhapk Qk;nk ?ksÅu gh eqys mPp inkoj tkÅ 'kdrhy ;kph eyk [kk=h vkgs- rh

chts,lP;k ekth fo|kFkhZ la?kVusP;k usVodZps ,d lnL; curhy o vkiY;k

vkfnoklh Hkkxkyk iw.kZi.ks cnywu Vkd.;kpk iz;Ru djrhy ;kcíy eyk fo'okl

okVrks- Hkkjrkr dksBsgh vlyh rjh ,dla/ki.ks ,d= jkgwu rh vkiY;k Hkkxkph mUurh

dj.;klkBh >Vrhy ;kr 'kadk ukgh- ns'k fuekZ.kklkBh rh eksBs dke d: 'kdrhy]

Lor%P;k esgurhus o d"Vkus fo'o fuekZ.k d: 'kdrhy- d/khgh fgalkpkj u djhrk]

Hkz"Vkpkjkyk Fkkjk u nsrk] HksnHkko u djhrk] ,d fnykus iq<s tk.;kpk iz;Ru djhrhy

;kph eyk [kk=h vkgs-** 'kkafrykythaps gs fopkj ,sdwu eh vLoLFk >kys- eyk okVys]

R;k vkfnoklh eqykacíy okV.kkjk foÜokl vkf.k Lor%P;k {kerscíypk vkRefo'okl

O;Dr dj.kkjs 'kkafrykyth ,d osxGsp jlk;u vkgsr gsp [kja-

eh tsOgk 'kkafrykythauk iz'u fopkjyk dh] d'kko:u rqEgh ts Eg.krk rs

'kD; gksbZy- uqlrs eqykauk iq.;kyk vk.kya Eg.kts rqEgh Eg.krk rs lxGa 'kD; gksbZy

dk\ ;klkBh rqeph ;kstuk dk; vkgs gs rjh vkEgkyk lkaxk- ;koj 'kkafrykyth

rRijrsus Eg.kkys ^^eh ts dkgh cksyyks rs uqlrsp cksyyks ukgh] R;klkBh eh Bksl

;a=.kk vk[kysyh vkgs- ikpohiklwu ckjkohi;±r ;k eqykauk 'kkys; f'k{k.kkps

'kkGsrhy osG lksMwu brj vkiY;kyk dk; dk; nsrk ;sbZy ;kph eh Lor%

f'kLrc)i.ks vk[k.kh dsyh vkgs o R;kaP;k loZ xq.kkapk fodkl dj.;klkBhpk Ñrh

dk;ZØe eh r;kj dsysyk vkgs- R;kph ,d ys[kh ;kstuk eh r;kj dsysyh vkgs-

92

R;kuqlkj eqykaP;koj jkst R;kp i/nrhus iz;ksx dsys tkrkr- vxnh [ksGkiklwu] laxhr]

O;fDreÙo fodkl] uSfrd /kMîkkP;k v'kk vla[; xks"Vh vfr'k; i)r'khji.ks

f'kdfoY;k tkrkr-**

'kkafrykythauh R;kaP;k ;kstusph foLr`r ekfgrh fnyh rjh ek>s iz'u

laisukr- eh R;kauk Eg.kkys dh] rqEgh LoIu eksBa ikfgya] eyk ekU; vkgs- R;klkBh

rqEgh ;kstuk vk[kyh o gs loZ izk;ksfxd rÙokoj vk/kkfjr vkgsr gsgh eyk ekU;

vkgs- ijarq gh ;kstuk rqEgh dk;kZfUor d'kh dj.kkj\ R;koj 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys

^^tsOgk eh ;kstuk vk[krks rsOgk rh dk;kZfUor gksÅ 'kdsy v'kh lk/kh o lksih ;kstuk

vlrs- R;krwup eksBs dke dsys tkrs- ijarq gh ;kstuk dk;kZfUor dj.;klkBh

fuf'prp vfr'k; fu"Bkoku o tckcnkj v'kk O;Drhaph t:j vlrs- v'kkizdkjph

tckcnkjh isy.;kph {kerk vl.kkjh ,d izeq[k O;Drh 'kks/kkoh ykxrs o rh 'kks/kwu

frP;koj iw.kZ Hkkj lksiowu] fo'okl Bsowu] dk;kZph tckcnkjh nsÅu] R;kyk ykx.kkÚ;k

loZ lq[klksbZ iqjowu gs dke d:u ?;kos ykxrs-

gk laiw.kZ ok?kksyhpk 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi pkyforkuk ;kps nksu eq[;

Hkkx vfr'k; egRokps vkgsr- ifgyk Hkkx Eg.kts ;k izdYikps laiw.kZ O;oLFkkiu]

ns[kjs[k] y{k] deZpkjhoxZ] nqljk Hkkx olfrx`gkrhy eqya] vkfnoklh Hkkxkr tkÅu

R;kaph fuoM d:u vk.k.;kiklwu R;kapa f'k{k.k laisi;±r eq[; dk;kZy;kus fnysY;k

vkjk[kMîkkps rarksrar ikyu dj.ks o loZ f"Vdksukrwu eqykaph izxrh dj.ks] ns[kHkky

dj.ks] vls ;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikps nksu vk/kkjLraHk vkgsr-

lq:okrhyk ykrwjph eqya vk.kyh rsOgk Jh- Mh- ih- 'ksGdslj ;kauh gs dke

ngk o"kkZis{kk tkLr dkG vfr'k; l{ke i/nrhus dsys- ;kcíy R;kauk |kos rso<s

/kU;okn FkksMsp vkgsr- rlsp O;oLFkkiukps dke] ctkt vkWVkse/khy fuo`Ùk lapkyd

Jh- ih-lh- ugkj lj ;kauh vfr'k; mRÑ"Vi.ks lkaHkkGys- ;k nksUgh tckcnkÚ;k ;k nksu

osxosxGîkk O;Drhaoj iw.kZi.ks ns.;kr vkY;keqGs o nksUgh yksdkauh R;kaps dke brds

mRÑ"V dsys dh] R;keqGsp gk ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi ukok:ikyk vkysyk

vkgs- 'ksGdsljkaP;k fuo`Ùkhuarj izk- Jh- ,l- lh- Mqaxjoky gs chts,lps T;s"B lg;ksxh

gksrs- R;kauk 'kkafrykythauh vfr'k; vkxzgkus fouarh d:u ok?kksyh izdYikyk pkaxys

:i ns.;kP;k n`f"Vdksukrwu vki.k vkEgkyk dkgh o"ksZ rsFks jkgwu enr djkoh o iw.kZ

lgdk;Z djkos] v'kh fouarh dsyh vlrk] vfr'k; eu eksBs d:u ifjokj o xko

93

lksMwu ok?kksyh izdYikph ?kMh clfo.;klkBh Jh- Mqaxjokyljkauh /kwjk vkiY;k gkrkr

?ksryh- Jh- Mqaxjokylj gs egkjk"Vªke/;s izfl/n vlysya fonHkkZrhy O;fDreÙo]

vfr'k; 'kq) vkpkj fopkj vl.kkja gs f'k{k.k {ks=krya pkaxys uko- eh cÚ;kp

o"kkZiklwu iq.ks ;sFks ;s.;kph fouarh R;kauk djhr gksrks- R;kauh ekÖ;k fouarhyk eku

fnyk o 5&7 o"kk±lkBh rs iq.;kr vkys- ok?kksyh iquoZlu izdYikph iw.kZ tckcnkjh

Jh- 'ksGdslj xsY;kuarj Jh- MqaxjokyljkaP;koj ns.;kr vkyh- R;k dkGke/;s eh

ok?kksyh iquoZlu izdYikps dks.krsgh dke ikgr uOgrks o Jh Maqxjokyljkauh gs dke

vfr'k; l{ke i)rhus] mRÑ"Vi.ks pkyw dsya- R;kauh th i)r ?kkywu fnyh R;kizek.ks

vktgh dke pkyw vkgs- R;keqGs ;k ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd izdYikP;k ;'kke/;s o rsFks ts

dkgh pkaxya dke pkyw vkgs] T;k flfLVe ykxysY;k vkgsr R;ke/;s Mqaxjoky ljkapk

flagkpk okVk vkgs- eh R;kauk o R;kaP;k iw.kZ ifjokjkyk vfHkoknu djrks-

Jh- Mqaxjokylj fuo`Ùk >kY;kuarj R;k fBdk.kh Jh- /kus'k xka/kh ;k l{ke

O;Drhph rlsp Jh- ih- lh- ugkjlj ;kaP;k fu/kukuarj Jh- 'kkafryky cksjk ;kaph

R;kaP;k tkxsoj fu;qDrh dj.;kr vkyh- deZ/keZla;ksxkus ;k nksUgh O;Drh ifgY;k

nksUgh O;DrhaP;k rksMhlrksM HksVY;k- izR;sd t.k vkiys dke vfr'k; eukiklwu]

rGeGhus] tckcnkjhus] dkGthiwoZd o frrD;kp vkReh;rsus ikj ikMr vkgsr-

ek>k ;koj fo'okl vkgs dh] vki.k T;koj dke djrks R;k ikBhekxpk vkiyk gsrw

tj lkQ vlsy o euke/;s [kksV ulsy rj ijes'oj R;klkBh ykx.kkjs loZ izdkjps

lgdk;Z djhr vlrks- 'ksGds lj] ugkj lj] Mqaxjoky lj] xka/kh lj o 'kkafryky cksjk

;k O;Drh tjh osxosxGîkk vlY;k rjh ijes'ojkus eh fu;ksftr dsysys dke

;ksX;jhrhus ikj ikM.;klkBh R;kauk nwrklkj[ks ikBoys vkgs] vlsp ek>s er vkgs-

R;keqGs eyk [kk=h vkgs dh] th ;kstuk eh vk[kysyh vkgs rh eh 'ksoVi;±r usÅu

iw.kZ d: 'kdsu-** 'kkafrykythaps gs mÙkj ,sdwu rs fu;kstu djrkuk d'kk i)rhus

djrkr ;kph pq.kwd izR;sd osGh vkiY;kyk inksinh fnlwu ;srs- R;kaph gh ;kstuk

fuf'prp lQy gksbZy ;kr 'kadkp ukgh-

'kkafrykythaps gs vkRefo'okliw.kZ cksy.ks ,sdwu vki.k FkDd gksrks- Jh-

/kus'k xka/kh o Jh 'kkafryky cksjk ;kaph R;kauh dsysyh fu;qDrh fdrh ;ksX; vkgs rs R;k

nks?kkaP;k euksxrke/kwu O;Dr gksrs- Jh- /kus'k xka/kh Eg.krkr ^^^eukr ;sra

94

'kkafrykythauk txkP;k ikBhoj dqBsgh vxnh >qyw yksdkae/;s usÅu lksMya rjh

ifgY;k dkgh rklkar R;kaP;kcjkscj nksu ek.kla fnlrhy- nqlÚ;k fno'kh vk.k[kh ngk

ek.kla cjkscj vkysyh fnlrhy vkf.k frlÚ;k fno'kh dke lq:gh >kysya vlsy!

'kkafrykythauh Jhd`".kkpa ^deZ djhr jkgk* gs opu ikGysya vk<Gra- [kjarj rs

^Hkxon~ xhrk* txrkr- R;kauk thoukpk [kjk vFkZ dGysyk vkgs- R;kaps ik;

tfeuhojp uOgs QqQkVîkkr vkgsr! R;kaph Lej.k'kDrh vfr'k; rhoz vkgs-

Mksaxjfd.khgwu R;kauk HksVk;yk yksda ;srkr] R;k osGh R;kaP;krya laHkk"k.k ,sdk;ykp

gos- rh yksda ;srkuk fcpdr ;srkr] gs eyk vksG[krhy rjh dk\vla R;kauk okVr

vlra rj tkrkuk pfdr gksÅu tkrkr] R;kauk okVr vlra vjs] gs 'kkafryky vxnh

dkyi;±r t.kw Mksaxjfd.khrp jkgr gksrs! brD;k vkBo.kh] brD;k yksdkaph ukoa]

R;kaP;k fe=kaph] R;kaP;k ukrsokbdkaph ukoa 'kkafrykyth lkaxr vlrkr] R;kaph

pkSd'kh djhr vlrkr-

'kkafrykythauk izfl/nh vftckr vkoMr ukgh- rs letrkr dh] lOok'ks

dksVhaP;k ns'kkryk eh ,d lkekU; ek.kwl vkgs- 'kkafrykythaoj tSu fopkjkapk izHkko

vkgs- eh ekÖ;k dfjvjP;k lq:okrhyk izojkuxjP;k 'kkGsr vkf.k R;kuarj usrkth

lqHkk"kpanz cksl lSfudh Ldwypk izkpk;Z Eg.kwu dke ikfgys gksrs- b- l-2007 e/;s

'kkafrykythauh ekÖ;koj ok?kksyhrY;k 'kkGsph tckcnkjh lksiowu Vkdyh- R;k

izdYikekxpk vkf.k ,dw.kp dkekekxpk R;kapk fopkj] R;kaph rGeG] R;kaph nwjn`"Vh

cf?kryh dh] T;kP;ktoG laosnu'khy eu vlsy rs Hkkjkowu xsY;kf'kok; jkg.kkj

ukgh! vkf.k ekÖ;klkj[ka R;kpagh ân; gsykowu tkÅu vJqaP;k :ikr rs MksGîkkrwu

okgw ykxsyp- i.k lektkr vk.k[kh ,d izo`Ùkh ukanr vlrs & Vhdkdkjkaph dkghgh

djk] dlagh okxk - - - Vhdkp dsyh tkrs- 'kkafrykythaojgh v'kh ¼R;kauk letwu u

?ksrk½ Vhdk gksrkuk vk<Grs- i.k 'ksoVh izR;sdkph let osxGh osxGh vlrs-

'kkafrykyth rs lxGa letwu ?ksrkr- fujk'k gksr ukghr- ijes'ojkdMa vlysY;k

R;kaP;k [kkR;kr dksVîkko/kh :i;s iq.;dekZP;k :ikua Hkj.kkjs 'kkafrykyth [kÚ;k

vFkkZua ijes'ojk'kh lefiZr >kysys vkgsr!!**

gs lxGs pkyw vlrkuk e/kY;k ngk o"kkZP;k dkyko/khr lq:okrhyk

esG?kkVkrhy 350 eqys vk.kY;kuarj nqlÚ;k ;kstusizek.ks eqys vk.kk;yk 10&12

95

o"ksZ ykxyh- ;k dkyko/khr 'kkafrykythauh nj o"khZ egkjk"Vªkrhy vusd ftYgîkkrY;k

vkbZ o oMhy ulysY;k] dks.kR;kgh tkrh/kekZP;k v'kk vukFk eqykauk olfrx`gkr

foukewY; izos'k fnyk- v'kk i/nrhus egkjk"Vªkrhy gtkjks vukFk eqys ;k izdYikr

f'k{k.k ?ksÅu ckgsj iMyh- gtkj eqykaph jkg.;kph O;oLFkk] tso.k&[kk.;kph

O;oLFkk] 'kkGsph] [ksG.;kph o brj osxosxGs f'k{k.k ns.;kph O;oLFkk vl.kkjk gk

ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi vlk lq: >kyk o vlk lq: vkgs-

96

,dhdMs ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYike/;s osxosxGîkk izdkjP;keqykauk izos'k nsÅu 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlukP;k dk;kZr etcqrh vk.kr vlrkuk nqljhdMsHkkjrke/;s ;s.kkÚ;k uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;sgh enrdk;Z lq: gksrs- 1997 lkyhtcyiwje/;s Hkwdai >kyk- ykrwjpk 1993 lkypk vuqHko ikgrk chts,lP;ke/;izns'k o NÙkhlx<P;k dk;ZdR;kZuh tcyiwjP;k Hkwdaikr eksBîkk izek.kkojenrdk;Z dsys- eq[; dk;kZy;krwu R;k osGh deh ;a=.kk jkcfo.;kr vkyh- ijarqLFkkfud chts,lP;k dk;ZdR;kZauh ek= rsFks eksBîkk izek.kkoj dke dsys-

'kkafrykythauh ,d iz;ksx d:u ikg.;kps Bjoya- R;k Hkkxkrhy HkwdaixzLr

ifjokjkrhy dkgh eqykauk iq.;kP;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikr vk.k.;kpk o rlk

vuqHko ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- R;k osGh tcyiwjgwu 50 eqykauk 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZluklkBh iq.;kr vk.kys- R;kaps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus t:j

dsys ijarq gs djhr vlrkuk 'kkafrykythauk tkLr vMp.kh vkY;k- dkj.k gh eqya

fganh ek/;ekrhy gksrh- R;kauk ok?kksyhP;k olfrx`gkr Bso.;kph O;oLFkk djhrk

vkyh- ijarq 'kkGse/;s tk.;klkBh iq.;krhy fganh ek/;ekaP;k 'kkGkapk 'kks/k ?ks.;kr

vkyk- clus R;kauk jkst R;k 'kkGse/;s ikBfo.;kr ;sÅ ykxys-

,drj nqlÚ;k jkT;kryh eqya] nqlja R;kaps osxosxGs cksMZ] frljh xks"V R;kaph

fganh ek/;ekph 'kkGk- v'kk dk; dk; vMp.kh ;srkr gs ikg.;klkBh gk iz;ksx

dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- gs dke tjh iw.kZ dsya rjh R;klkBh vkysY;k vMp.khe/kwu

'kkafrykythauk cjp dkgh f'kdk;yk feGkya- o R;kpk mi;ksx R;kauk izR;sd uSlfxZd

vkiÙkhe/;s ;k vuqHkokP;k vk/kkjs ;ksX; fu.kZ; ?ks.;ke/;s >kyk- Eg.kwu v'kkizdkjps

vuqHko ;s.ks gh ns[khy ,d egÙokph ckc vlrs o vuqHko Eg.kwup R;kauh gk iz;ksx

d:u ikfgyk-

egkjk"Vªke/;s njo"khZ dksd.kke/;s jRukfxjh Hkkxkr eksBîkk izek.kkoj iwj ;srks-

'kkafrykythauh ;k iqjkr d'kk i/nrhus enrdk;Z dsys ikfgts ;kph ,d ;kstuk

vk[kyh o njo"khZ lkrR;kus Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;k R;k ifjljkrhy dk;ZdR;k±P;k

lgdk;kZus iwjxzLr ifjokjkauk eksBîkk izek.kkojrh enr ns.;kps dk;Z lq: dsys- ;k

dk;kZe/;s ldkG orZekui=krQsZ ^ldkG fjfyQ QaM* ;kapsgh dke eksBîkk izek.kkoj

16 : JwOamV ^yH§$n

97

pkyw gksrs- ijarq tsOgk 'kkafrykythaph ;a=.kk [kjks[kjp pkaxya dke djrs gs fun'kZukyk

vkys rsOgk njo"khZ ^ldkG fjfyQ QaM* o chts,l ,d=hrjhR;k dksd.kkrhy iwjxzLr

Hkkxkauk enr dj.;kps dk;Z d: ykxys-

gs loZ dk;Z pkyw vlrkukp 26 tkusokjh 2001 jksth xqtjkre/khy Hkwtyk

vfr'k; eksBk Hkwdaikpk /kDdk clyk- gk Hkwdai ykrwjis{kkgh [kwi eksBk gksrk- ijarq R;k

osGh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusph O;kIrh xqtjkre/;s >kysyh uOgrh- R;k eqGs rsFks dk;ZdrsZ

uOgrs- Hkwdai ,o<k eksBk >kysyk gksrk o ekxhy ykrwj] tcyiwj] dksd.k ;klkj[;k

vkiÙkhe/;s ;'kLohjhR;k dke dsysys vlY;keqGs vkiksvkip nqlÚ;kp fno'kh

xqtjkre/;s tk.;kpk 'kkafrykythauh rRijrsus fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu izdYike/;s th ykrwj Hkwdaikrhy eqys gksrh rlsp R;kaP;kcjkscj vkysyh

f'k{kdkaph ,d Vhe gksrh ;k lokZauk] f'k{kdkauk o dkgh Bjkohd 10&20 eqykauk

lwpuk fnY;k o lkafxrys dh] rqeP;koj tsOgk osG vkyh gksrh rsOgk Hkkjrkrwu vusd

yksdkauh ;sÅu rqEgkyk enr dsyh gksrh- vkrk xqtjkroj osG vkysyh vkgs R;k eqGs

vkrk rqeph ikGh vkgs yksdkauk enr dj.;kph-

loZp f'k{kdkauh o eqykauh xqtjkryk tk.;kph r;kjh dsyh- Jh- dY;k.k

vfgokGs] nsfonkl Mksds] txnkGs lqHkk"k] dne ,l~- Mh-] /kkokjs Mh- ch-] d.kds th-

,y-] iokj ,- th-] yksHks ,l~- lh-] lkGos ,u~- ih-] tk;Hkk; vkj- ,u~-] iokj ,l~-

,l~-] ikj/ks vkj- ds-] ukxeqGs Mh- ,y-] lk;dj ,- ,l~-] f'kans ,l~- ch-] egkys ,l~-

ts-] ns'keq[k Mh- ch-] fgMksaGs lh- ,e~-] xOgk.ks lh- ch-] xksMls th- ,u~-] lksuVDds

vkj-,-] nsoMdj Ogh- ,l~-] [kkMs ,l~- th-] dRrs ,l~- ,l~-] xsBs ih- ih-] lkoGdj

,e~- ,u~-] cksMds ,e~- lh-] lksuo.ks ,e- ;w-] Mkslh- ih- ,e~-] Hkkslys th- ih- v'kh gh

Vhe Jh- v'kksd iokj ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh xqtjkryk vkGhikGhus tkÅu dke d:

ykxyh-

'kkafrykythauh rsFks tkÅu ykrwjP;k vuqHkokizek.ks loZP;k loZ dk;Z]

enrdsanz mHkk:u jkst ngk&ohl gtkj yksdkauk tso.k nsÅ 'kdsy v'kh ;a=.kk mHkh

dsyh o Hkwt ifjljkrhy HkwdaixzLr Hkkxke/;s v'kksd iokj ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh Vheyk

ikBoys- v'kksd iokj ;kauh laiw.kZ Hkkxke/;s ,dp fnolkr ikg.kh d:u Hkwt

ftYgîkkrhy cPNko ;k xkoke/;s Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps enrdsanz vlys ikfgts vlk

fu.kZ; ?ksryk- R;kuqlkj frFks R;kauh ,d eksBk racw mHkk dsyk- 'kkafrykythauh iw.kZ

Hkkxkpk nkSjk d:u jk=h cPNko ;sFks vkY;kuarj R;k racwe/;s jkg.;kl lq:okr dsyh-

98

ykrwjis{kk gk [kwip eksBk o Hkh"k.k Lo:ikpk Hkwdai gksrk- uqdlkugh eksBîkk izek.kkoj

>kys gksrs- 26 tkusokjhP;k izHkkrQsjhe/;s nksu&nksu'ks eqys vatkj ;k fBdk.kh ,dkp

osGh e`R;w ikoyh gksrh-

;k fBdk.kh fdrhgh dke dsys rjh rs dehp iMsy vla 'kkafrykythauk

okVr gksrs- izR;sd osGh Hkwdaike/;s enrdk;Z dj.;kr ohl&iapohl gtkj yksdkauk

Lo;aikd d:u tso.k iqjfo.;kr R;kaph iw.kZ rkdn [kpZ gksr vls- ijarq iwohZps vuqHko

eksBs vlY;kus o gkrk[kkyph Vhe eksBîkk izek.kkoj r;kj >kysyh vlY;keqGs

;kosGh 'kkafrykythauk ;k enrdk;kZr Lor% dkghgh c?kkos ykxys ukgh- rs loZ Jh-

v'kksd iokj ;kaph Vhe ikgr gksrh-

'kkafrykyth HkwdaikP;k nqlÚ;k fnolkiklwup ;k racwe/;sp jkgr gksrs-

tsOgk R;kauk vki.k racwe/;s dls dk; jkfgykr o rks vuqHko dlk gksrk ;kcíy iz'u

fopkjys vlrk] 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrya] ^^eh ,dk la?kVuspk v/;{k vkgs] ekÖ;k

dk;ZdR;kZapk ekÖ;kojrh vrwV fo'okl vkgs] tsOgk ekÖ;k ,dk Qksu}kjs

ftYgîkk&ftYgîkkrwu egkjk"Vªkrwu xqtjkre/;s 'ksdMks dk;ZdrsZ ;srkr] vkB&vkB

fnol Fkkacrkr o rs tkÅu nqljs dk;ZdrsZ ;srkr] gs dk;ZdrsZlq)k R;kaP;k R;kaP;k

xkoke/;s] ifjljke/;s vfr'k; eksBs ukoktysys] iSlsokys] lqf'kf{kr vls yksd gksrs-

ijarq enrdk;Z dj.;klkBh euke/;s vlysyh ,d vkLFkk o ekÖ;koj vl.kkjk

fo'okl vkf.k J/nk ;k nksu xks"VheqGs rs enrdk;kZlkBh ;sr gksrs- R;k ifjljkrhy

loZp xkos tehunksLr >kysyh vlY;keqGs jkg.;klkBh dksBsgh gkWVsyph O;oLFkk

'kD;p uOgrh- R;keqGs eh Lor%p vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh] bFks dqByhp O;oLFkk

ulsy rj vki.kp racwe/;s jkgk;yk ikfgts] ts.ksd:u ehp tj bFks jkfgyks rj

dk;ZdrsZlq)k vkiY;kcjkscj jkgrhy vkf.k tks dkgh =kl R;kauk gksbZy rks ehgh lgu

djsu- ek>h lqVdslgh racwe/;sp vlk;ph- Hkkjrh; cSBd vlY;keqGs fnolHkj frFks

yksd ;sÅu clr vlr- R;kp fBdk.kh jk=h ekÖ;kcjkscj 'ksdMks dk;ZdrsZ >ksir

vlr-

izR;sd Hkwdaike/;s ygku eqykaP;k f'k{k.kkoj tks ifj.kke gksrks] ekufld"Vîkk

T;k vMp.kh fuekZ.k gksrkr R;k –f"Vdksukrwu ygku eqykaps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu gk

ekÖ;k n`"Vhus lxGîkkr egÙokpk fo"k; gksrk- R;keqGs fdrh xkokrY;k 'kkGk iw.kZ

iMysY;k vkgsr o R;k 'kkGse/kY;k fo|kF;kZaph la[;k fdrh vkgs] frFkyh ifjfLFkrh

99

d'kh vkgs] frFkys eq[;k/;id dks.k vkgsr] f'k{kd fdrh vkgsr v'kk loZ izdkjP;k

ekfgrhpk ,d rDrk r;kj dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- ;k rDR;kP;k vk/kkjkus izR;sd

xkokrwu rh ekfgrh Hk:u vk.k.;klkBh gs dk;ZdrsZ Bjowu fnY;kizek.ks dke djhr

gksrs- ;kosGh ek= Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;k enrdk;Z dsanzke/;s loZ lqfo/kk Eg.kts

lax.kd] fiazVj bR;knh vko';d xks"Vh lTt gksR;k- R;keqGs v'kh loZ ekfgrh ,d=

dsyh o R;kpk vk<kok ?ksryk vlrk vls y{kkr vkys dh] ykrwjP;k Hkwdaikr

iUukl&lkB xkos vkin~xzLr >kyh gksrh- ijarq xqtjkrP;k Hkwdaikr ikp&lgk'ks xkos

vkin~xzLr >kyh vlrhy- R;keqGs ;kph Hkh"k.krk fdrh eksBh vkgs ;kpk fopkj

dj.ksgh vfr'k; vo?kM gksrs-

tsOgk eh loZ xkokryh ekfgrh ,d= dsyh rsOgk vls letys toG toG

ikp'ks xkoke/kY;k 'kkGk iMysY;k vkgsr- R;kpa ,d eksBa iqLrdp r;kj dj.;kr

vkys- R;kp dkyko/khe/;s cPNkoP;k toG lke[k;kjh gs xko gksrs- frFkagh ,d nqljs

enrdsanz mHkkj.;kr vkys- o lke[k;kjhe/;s vLFkk;h Lo:ikph izhQWczhdsVsM 'kkGk

xkodÚ;kaP;k lgdk;kZus cka/k.;kpk fu.kZ; eh ?ksryk- rsFks tSu lektkph ,d tkxk

gksrh R;k tkxsoj rkRiqjR;k Lo:ikph 'kkGk cka/k.;kph ijokuxh feGoyh-

Jh- /kujktth pksiMk] fgax.k?kkV o Jh- xkSre lapsrh] vkSjaxkckn ;k chts,lP;k

dk;ZdR;kZauk gh tckcnkjh nsÅu gh izh&QWczhdsVsM 'kkGk cka/k.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

HkwdaixzLr ifjljkr nhM&nksu yk[kkais{kk tkLr fo|kF;k±P;k 'kkGk iw.kZi.ks iMysY;k

vk<Gwu vkY;k- gh la[;k brdh eksBh gksrh dh] ;kauk iq.ks ;sFks ?ksÅu tk.ks 'kD;

uOgrs- okLrfod ikgrk tcyiwjP;k fganh ek/;ekP;k eqykaP;k vuqHkoko:u

f'k{k.kklkBh eqys iq.;kr vk.krkuk [kwi [kcjnkjh ?;koh ykxrs gs eh f'kdysyks gksrks-

R;keqGs xqtjkrph eqys eh iq.;kyk vk.k.ks 'kD; uOgrs- o gh la[;k

yk[kkP;koj gksrh- v'kk osGh ;kaps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu dls djkos ;kfo"k;h eyk

lqpsukls >kys- R;krp xqtjkrps rRdkyhu ek- eq[;ea=h Jh- ds'kqHkkbZ iVsy ;kauh

HkwdaixzLr HkkxkrY;k loZ 'kkGk can d:u R;k loZ eqykauk iq<P;k oxkZr ikBfo.;kpk

ljdkjP;korhus fu.kZ; ?ksryk- iq<P;k o"khZP;k 'kkGk twu&tqyS efgU;kr lq: gksrhy

vls lkax.;kr vkys- R;keqGs tkusokjh rs tqyS ;k lgk&lkr efgU;kP;k dkyko/khr

dks.krhgh 'kkGk pkyw jkg.kkj ukgh vlk ;kpk vFkZ gksrk-

gk fu.kZ; tsOgk eh orZekui=ke/;s okpyk] rsOgk eh vfr'k; O;fFkr >kyks-

100

tj lgk&lkr efgus 'kkGk can vlY;kus eqys 'kkGsr xsyhp ukghr rj R;kaps

f'k{k.kkps fdrh eksBs uqdlku gksbZy gk ,d Hkkx] tj vkrk lgk efgus eqys 'kkGsr

xsyh ukghr rj R;kuarj 'kkGsr iq<s tk.;kph R;kaph bPNk deh gksbZy o R;krwup

eqykaps f'k{k.kkrhy xGrhps izek.k ok<w 'kdsy- v'kk izdkjs ifjljkryh 25&30

VDds eqys 'kkGsr tk.kkj ukghr- gh ,d nqljh fpark ekÖ;k euke/;s gksrh- frljh fpark

tj gh eqys 'kkGsr xsyh ukgh rj gh jkst iMysyh ?kjs c?k.kkj] frFks pkyw vlysys

enrdk;Z c?k.kkj] R;kaP;k ?kjkrys o ukrsokbZd gs e`R;qeq[kh iMysys vlY;kus lgk

efgus uqlrs ;k xks"VhdMs c?kr vlrkuk ;kaP;k MksD;kojrh tks ifj.kke gksbZy rks

[kwip Hk;kud vlsy- R;keqGs gs ;k fi<hpa vrksukr uqdlku gksbZy vlsgh eyk okVr

vls-R;krY;kR;kr xqtjkr gs ,d egÙokps jkT; vkgs- xqtjkrps yksd laiw.kZ

ns'kke/;s o fons'kke/;s okLrO; djhr vkgsr- vkiyk O;olk; eksBîkk izek.kkojdjhr vkgsr- xqtjkrps yksd lrr nqlÚ;kyk enr dj.;kr lrr iq<s vlrkr- R;kpyksdkaP;koj vkrk nqlÚ;kauk enr ekx.;kph ikGh vkyh vkgs- ;kpk jkT;koj foijhrifj.kke gksÅ 'kdsy v'khgh 'kadk eyk vkyh- ,dhdMs ljdkjpk 'kkGk candj.;kpk fu.kZ; o nqljhdMs R;keqGs gks.kkjs brds eksBs uqdlku ;kpk nwjxkeh ifj.kkegk cf?kryk vlrk vki.k vkrk usedh dks.krh Hkwfedk ?;koh gk iz'u ekÖ;kiq<s mHkkjkghyk-

ifgY;kp vkBoMîkke/;s cÚ;kp yksdkaph ;s&tk xqtjkr HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkr

gksrh o ehgh cÚ;kp yksdkauk Lor%gwu cksykowu ?ksr vls- egkjk"Vªkps ekth ea=h Jh-

lqjs'knknk tSu gs ekÖ;k vfr'k; toGps] Lusgkps o ifjp;kps- T;kaP;kcíy eyk [kwi

vknj okVrks- T;kaP;k dkekph /kMkMh gh laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªku cf?krysyh vkgs] R;kauk eh

Qksu d:u xqtjkrP;k Hkwdaike/;s rqEgh ;sÅu ikg.kh dsyh ikfgts v'kh fouarh dsyh-

R;kauh yxsp nqlÚ;kp fno'kh xqtjkryk ;s.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ;kpk eyk [kwi vkuan

>kyk- ,d [kwi eksBh O;Drh ;k dk;kZe/;s tksMyh rj vki.k [kwi dkgh d: 'kdw

vlk vkRefo'okl okVyk- ex vkEgh nks?kkauh feGwu v'kh ;kstuk vk[kyh dh] ;kp

Hkkxke/;s tsFks tsFks 'kkGk iMysY;k vkgsr R;kp fBdk.kh eq[;/;kidkaph ijokuxh

?ksÅu vki.k vkiY;k [kpkZus izh&QWfczdsVsM 'kkGk mH;k djkO;kr- ts.ksd:u eqykaP;k

f'k{k.kkps uqdlku gks.kkj ukgh o ,dk fi<hps uqdlku vki.k okpow 'kdw gk ;k

ikBhekxpk mís'k gksrk- lqjs'knknk ekÖ;k erk'kh lger >kys-

101

eh nksu [kksY;kaph 'kkGk] pkj [kksY;kaph 'kkGk] vkB [kksY;kaph 'kkGk] ngk

[kksY;kaph 'kkGk vls 'kkGsps osxosxGs vkjk[kMs r;kj d:u ?ksrys- o osxosxGîkk

daiU;kadMwu d'kkizdkjps lkfgR; vk.kys tkÅ 'kdrs ;kps fu;kstu dsys- IyhaFkps

cka/kdke R;kp fBdk.kh djkos ykxsy- ijarq xqtjkre/;s R;klkBh vko';d rs yscj

feG.kkj ukghr Eg.kwu egkjk"Vªkrwu xqtjke/;s yscj dls vk.kys tkrhy] IyhaFkps dke

dls iw.kZ dsys tkbZy] R;kP;koj izh&QWfcZdsVpk <kpk dlk clfoyk tkbZy ;k

lxGîkk xks"Vhaps fu;kstu eh vkf.k lqjs'knknkauh clwu dsys-

gs fu;kstu djhr vlrkuk tsOgk xqtjkrP;k iDD;k 'kkGk lq: gksrhy R;k

osGsyk gs LVªDpj chts,l dk<wu ?ksÅ 'kdsy o nqlÚ;k fBdk.kP;k vkiÙkhe/;s oki:

'kdsy vlkgh fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr vkyk- gs fu;kstu djhr vlrkuk ;k xks"Vh lgtrsus

d'kk i/nrhus dk<rk ;srhy o nqlÚ;k fBdk.kh R;k d'kk i/nrhus mH;k djrk ;srhy]

R;kyk fdrh [kpZ ;sbZy ;kpk eh vH;kl dsyk- ,dk [kksyhyk dehrdeh ,d yk[k

:i;s [kpZ ;sbZy vlk R;ko:u vankt cka/krk vkyk-

okLrfod ikgrk gk iSlk tj dks.kh ns.kxh Eg.kwu fnyk rj R;k fBdk.kh

'kkGspa cka/kdke d:u] R;kapa uko 'kkGsyk nsowu R;kaP;kp gLrs R;k 'kkGsps mn~?kkVu

djk;ps o frFkyk iSlk frFksp [kpZ djk;pk vlk /kksj.kkRed fu.kZ;gh eh o

lqjs'knknkauh ,df=r ?ksryk- vkEgh ;kstuk vk[kyh- nknk gs lrr nqlÚ;kyk nku

ns.;klkBh izfl) vkgsr- R;kauh d/khgh lektkdMs tkÅu iSls ekfxrysys vkgsr vls

d/kh ?kMysys uOgrs- ijarq ;k xqtjkre/kY;k Hkwdaikryh loZ ifjfLFkrh ikgwu R;kpk

nknkaP;koj brdk ifj.kke >kyk gksrk dh] R;kauh tGxko ;sFks ijr tkÅu ;k

dkeklkBh iw.kZ 'kgjke/;s ,d jWyh dk<yh o ;k jWyhP;k ek/;ekus iw.kZ [kkuns'ke/kwu

R;kauh pkj dksVh :i;s xksGk dsys- nksu fnolkrp gs lxGa dke mjdwu nknk ijr

cPNkoyk vkys o R;kauh eyk lkafxrys eh pkj dksVh :i;kaph O;oLFkk dsyh vkgs-

R;keqGs vkrk vki.k dks.kkojgh voyacwu u jkgrk pkj'ks [kksY;k Rofjr uDdhp cka/kw

'kdw- ex eh mRlkgkus eksBîkk izek.kkoj dkekyk ykxyks] ;a=.kk dkekyk ykoyh-

egkjk"Vªkrys vla[; dk;ZdrsZ vkGhikGhus ;srp gksrs- vkfdZVsDV] etwj]

tkxk ?ks.;klkBh eq[;k/;kidkacjkscjps] ljdkjcjkscjps djkj] R;kaps laerhi=] 'kkGk

lq: dj.;klkBhps dke] dke lq: >kY;kuarj R;k fBdk.kps fu;kstu] okgrwd

O;oLFkk v'kk vla[; dkekph ;knh leksj gksrh- eyk iw.kZ vkBora; dh] eh

102

vkB&ia/kjk fnolkrwu QDr ,dk fnolklkBh ifjokjkyk HksV.;klkBh iq.;kyk ;sÅu

yxsp xqtjkryk ijrr gksrks- ;k laiw.kZ izfØ;se/;s eh] ek>s dk;kZy;] ?kj] ?kjkryh

ek.kls ;k lxGîkk xks"Vh iw.kZi.ks fol:u osMîkklkj[kk ,dp izdYi gkrkr ?ksÅu R;kp

fBdk.kh Bk.k ekaMwu clyks o nknkgh ekÖ;kcjkscj clys- c?krk&c?krk 'kkGkaph

cka/kdkes lq: >kyh-

Hkwdaikuarj 13 O;k fno'kh lke[k;kjhP;k ifgY;k 'kkGsps cka/kdke iw.kZ

dj.;kr vkys- vkiY;k ?kjkryh dks.kh O;Drh xsY;koj ckjk fnol tla vki.k nq%[k

ikGrks o rsjkO;k fno'kh vki.k vkiys nSuafnu dke lq: djhrks- rls R;k fBdk.kh

13O;k fno'kh eh ifgY;k 'kkGsps mn~?kkVu dsys- frFkY;k loZ eqykauk o ikydkauk

,df=r dsya o yksdkauk vkokgu dsys dh] ts Ogk;ps rs gksÅu xsysys vkgs- nq%[k

vkiY;k lokZauk vkgs- i.k vkiY;k iq<P;k fi<hyk vkiY;kyk okpok;ps vkgs o rs

ekufld =klkrwu tkLr vMp.khr ;srhy Eg.kwu rqEgh vkEgkyk enr djk- o tjh

ljdkjus 'kkGk can dsY;k vlY;k rjh eqykauk rqEgh 'kkGse/;s ikBok- vkEgh R;kauk

tkLr vH;klkps vks>s Vkd.kkj ukgh- ijarq R;kauk ,d= clowu R;kaP;kcjkscj dkgh uk

dkgh osxGîkk i)rhus f'k{kdkaP;k ek/;ekus R;kaps y{k Hkwdaike/kwu dk<wu nqlÚ;k

xks"Vhe/;s jefo.;kpk iz;Ru vkEgh d: o FkksMîkkQkj izek.kkr f'k{k.kkyk lq:okr

d:- vkÜp;Z Eg.kts R;k fnolkiklwup ikp'ks eqys 'kkGsr ;k;yklq)k ykxyh- eyk

vls okVys dh] vki.k dsysyk iz;Ru 'kaHkj VDds ;'kLoh >kyk vkgs-

R;k osGsl xqtjkre/;s Jherh vkuanhcsu iVsy ;k f'k{k.kea=h gksR;k- ;k

Hkkxkpk nkSjk dj.;klkBh R;k vkY;k vlrkuk eh o nknkauh R;kauk lke[k;kjhph 'kkGk

nk[kfoyh- fo'ks"k Eg.kts R;k racwe/;s vkeP;kcjkscj 'ksdMks dk;ZdrsZ rsFks vlrkuk rs

dls dke djrkr o jk=h frFksp dls >ksirkr gs lxGs ikgwu R;k brD;k izHkkohr

>kY;k dh] R;kauh ,d fnol eqDdke chts,lP;k racwe/;s dsyk- tsOgk R;kauk vkEgh

eqykaP;k gks.kkÚ;k uqdlkuklanHkkZrhy xks"Vhaph iw.kZ dYiuk fnyh o vkiY;k ljdkjus

?ksrysyk fu.kZ; gk eqykaP;k n`"Vhus pqdhpk dlk vkgs gs letkowu lkafxrys rsOgk rs

R;kauk iVys- o ljdkjus ?ksrysyk fu.kZ; R;kauh cnyyk o lxGîkk fBdk.kh 'kkGk

rqEgh cka/kk o R;k lq: dj.;klkBh vkEgh iz;Ru d: vls vk'oklu fnys-

eyk [kwi vkuan okVyk o eh v'kk izdkjP;k 'kkGk cka/k.;kP;k lanHkkZe/;s

eksBîkk izek.kkoj dk;Z lq: dsys- vknj.kh; Jh- 'kjnjkoth iokj ;kaps 2&3 nkSjs

103

xqtjkr HkwdaikP;k osGh >kys- izR;sd osGsyk rs vkEgkyk vkotZwu ;sÅu HksVr gksrs-

R;kauh ikfgys dh] gh vkiY;k egkjk"Vªkryh] vkiY;k ?kjkryh eaMGh vkgsr] brD;k

eksBîkk izek.kkoj bFks dke djrkgsr] gs c?kwu R;kauk [kwi vkuan okVyk- R;kauhlq)k

xjokjs DycP;k ek/;ekus tks dkgh fu/kh miyC/k gksÅ 'kdr gksrk R;k fu/khrwu dkgh

'kkGk cka/k.;kph bPNk O;Dr dsyh- yksder lewgkps Jh fot; nMkZ ;kaPkkgh nkSjk

>kyk- R;kauh yksder fjfyQ QaMkrwu R;kaP;kdMs vkysyk iSlk ;k 'kkGkalkBh okijyk

ikfgts Eg.kwu vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

ekuuh; Jh- m/no Bkdjs ;kauhgh ;k Hkkxkpk nkSjk dsyk- R;kauhgh chts,lph

HksV ?ksryh o ^lkeuk fjfyQ* QaMkrwu vkysyk iSlk ;k fBdk.kh okij.;kpk fu.kZ;

?ksryk- fo'ks"k vkÜp;Z Eg.kts] ldkG] lkeuk] yksder v'kk loZp orZekui=kauh

R;kaps fu/kh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusyk nsÅ dsys- R;k loZ dk;kZph ikg.kh d:u R;k

'kkGkaps mn~?kkVu d:u] eqykauk frFks f'kdrkuk c?kwu R;k lok±ukgh vfr'k; lek/kku

okVys- dkgh 'kkGkaP;k mn~?kkVuklkBh Jh- 'kjn iokjlkgsc Lor% vkys] dkgh

'kkGkaP;k mn~?kkVuklkBh Jh- m)o Bkdjslkgsc Lor% vkys- yksderph Vhe rj frFks

;srp gksrh-

ek- lqjs'knknkadMwu o brj loZ fBdk.kkgwu ;s.kkjh enr ;krwu gGwgGw

368 'kkGk] vkf.k 1005 [kksY;k frFks cka/k.;ke/;s vkEgkyk ;'k vkys o ,d yk[k

ohl gtkj eqykauk 'kkGsr clfo.;kps vkeps LoIu lkdkj >kys- dsysY;k loZ dkekps

R;k fno'kh pht >kY;klkj[ks okVys- Hkkjrkps R;k osGps iariz/kku Jh- vVyfcgkjh

oktis;h o Jh- ykyd`".k vMok.kh ;kauh HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkpk nkSjk dsyk- R;k nkSÚ;ke/;s

vkEgh cka/kysY;k 368 'kkGk xqtjkrP;k eq[;ea«;kauk lqiwnZ dj.;kpk dk;ZØe

Bso.;kr vkyk o cPNko ;sFks >kysY;k ;k HkO; dk;ZØekr 368 'kkGkaph dkxni=s

iariz/kkukaP;k gLrs eq[;ea«;kauk lqiwnZ dj.;kr vkyh- R;k fno'kh vVyfcgkjh

oktis;h ;kauh R;kaP;k Hkk"k.kkr chts,lP;k dk;kZpk [kwip xkSjo dsyk- eyk o

lqjs'knknk ;kauk ;kps vfr'k; lek/kku okVys- brdsp uOgs rj i=dkjkacjkscj cksyrkuk

vVyfcgkjh oktis;h ;kauh chts,lus dsysY;k dk;kZps eksBîkk izek.kkoj dkSrqd dsys-

R;kauh gsgh lkafxrys dh] vkj-,l-,l- is{kklq)k chts,lus eksBîkk izek.kkoj dke

dsysys vkgs- ;k xks"Vhps eyk euLoh lek/kku >kys] dh vki.k dkghrjh d: 'kdyks-

lgk efgU;ki;±r cPNko bFkY;k enrdsanzkrwu ohl gtkjis{kk tkLr yksdkaps

104

jkst tso.k r;kj d:u okV.;kps dke pkywp gksrs- R;k dkekr dks.krkgh [kaM iMr

uOgrk- jkst Lo;aikd d:u R;kp okVi dj.ks] vkliklP;k xkoke/;s thixkMhrwu

R;kps okVi dj.ks gsgh dke eksBîkk izek.kkoj gksrs o 'kkGkaps cka/kdkegh lq: gksrs v'kk

nksUgh i)rhus tkusokjhe/;s lq: >kysys dke lgk efgus gs enrdk;Z o 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu dk;Z ;k nksUgh dk;kZe/;s dls fu?kwu xsys gs dGys ukgh- ;k lgk efgU;kr

nknkauh eksBh lkFk fnyh] rs Lor% frFks rG Bksdwu clys- brds fnol rs tGxkoP;k

ckgsj d/khp Fkkacys uOgrs- ijarq HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkr rs Fkkacys- rsOgkiklwu nknkaph vkf.k

ek>h eS=h o fo'okl vk.k[kh n`< o ?kV~V >kyk- ekÖ;klkBh nknk gs osxGap

O;fDreÙo fl) >kya-

T;k T;k yksdkauh vkfFkZd enr dsyh gksrh] R;k loZ yksdkauk cksykowu

R;kaP;kp gLrs R;kaP;k 'kkGkaph mn~?kkVus dsyh- egkjk"Vªkps rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h ek- Jh-

foykljko ns'keq[k gs egkjk"Vª ljdkjP;k orhus dsysY;k dkekph ikg.kh dj.;klkBh

vkys vlrkuk R;kaP;k gLrs vkEgh dkgh 'kkGkaph mn~?kkVus dsyh- ;k loZ izfØ;se/;s

eyk vla[; vuqHko vkys- vusd ;kruk lgu djkO;k ykxY;k] vla[;

dk;ZdR;kZuh ekÖ;koj veki izse dsys] ts dk;ZdrsZ vkGhikGhus R;k fBdk.kh ;sr gksrs

o [kwi eksBîkk izek.kkoj dk;Z djhr gksrs] lOgsaZ djhr gksrs- R;kaph ukos iq<hyizek.ks

vkgsr- loZJh izdk'kpanth lqjk.kk] cksnoM] izQqYyth ikj[k] ukxiwj] lqn'kZuth tSu]

izfnith tSu] _"kHk cjfM;k] cMusjk] egs'kth dksBkjh] fuyepanth iqaxfy;k]

xkasfn;k] xkSrepan lapsrh] MkW- ikjlth cksjk] vkSjaxkckn]

panueyth ckQuk] laxeusj] gLrheyth cac] vHk; lsBh;k] tkyuk] egsanzth

lqjk.kk] lqHkk"k vkpyh;k] ;orekG] lksHkkxeyth Mqaxjoky] fnidth ikj[k]

dkafrykyth vksloky] flYyksM] ykypan pksjfM;k] ykypan tSu] ¼ukf'kd½] lqfuy

pksiMk] jes'k ladyspk v'kh fdrhrjh ukos lkaxrk ;srhy- loZp dk;ZdR;kZaph ukos ;k

fBdk.kh fyfgrk ;s.ks 'kD; ukgh- R;keqGs lok±uh eyk letwu ?;kos v'kh ;k fBdk.kh

eh izkFkZuk djhrks-**

'kkafrykythaP;k rksaMwu gk xqtjkrpk loZ izokl o vuqHko ,sdys vkf.k eh

LrC/k >kys- ,d O;Drh brdh eksBh ;a=.kk mHkk: 'kdrs] brD;k yksdkaps lgdk;Z ?ksÅ

'kdrs] brD;k pkaxY;k yksdkauk ,d= d: 'kdrs o brds fu;kstu d: 'kdrs] LoIu

ikgw 'kdrs o rs lkdkj dj.;klkBh ftíhus iq<s ;sÅu Lor%p ?kjnkj] O;olk;]

fcjnhpanth pksjfM;k]

105

vkWfQl loZ lksMwu ,s"kkvkjkeke/;s] ,vjdafM'ku caxY;ke/;s jkg.kkjk ek.kwl gk

,dne racwe/;s ;sÅu jkgrks! R;k fBdk.kh dqByh ckFk:eph O;oLFkk ukgh] jkst

ldkGh mBY;koj pkj&ikp fe=kauh xkMhrwu ,[kk|k fofgjhoj tk;pa] taxyke/;s

izkr%fo/kh mjdk;ps] fofgjhP;k FkaM ik.;kus va?kksG djk;ph vkf.k vkiY;k

enrdsanzkoj ;sÅu clk;pa- R;kcjkscj laiw.kZ Hkkxkrwu dkekps fu;kstu] ijh{k.k dj.ks]

HksV ns.;klkBh ;s.kkÚ;k vla[; yksdkauk HksV.ks o dk;ZdR;kZaps tkGs iljowu]

vkGhikGhus R;kauk ;k;yk lkax.ks gh dkes pkyr-

Lor% ek= lkrR;kus frFksp jkgwu ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikrhy

f'k{kdkauk vkGhikGhus rsFks cksykowu] dkgh dkgh eksBîkk fo|kF;kZauk ikp&lkr

fnolklkBh vuqHko Eg.kwu R;k fBdk.kh cksykowu] R;kaP;kdMwu dke d:u ?ksÅu brds

eksBs vkOgku isyw 'kdys- ;kps ts dkgh o.kZu 'kkafrykythauh ;k ifjljkrys dsys rs

loZP;k loZ bFks lekfo"V dj.ks eyk vo?kM vkgs- ijarq FkksMD;kr ;krwu R;kaph

nwjn`"Vh] ,[kk|k xks"VhdMs ikg.;kph R;kaph n`"Vh] R;krwu ekxZ dk<.;kph dyk]

dkS'kY; gs ok[kk.k.;klkj[ks vkgs- fo'ks"kd:u ;k Hkwdaikrys lkeku nqlÚ;k Hkwdaikr

okijrk ;sÅ 'kdsy v'kkizdkjps fu;kstu o R;k i/nrhus R;k osGsl loZ 'kkGkaP;k

eq[;k/;kidkdMwu fygwu ?ksrysys izfrKki= gs R;kaP;krhy nwjn`"Vhps |ksrd vkgs- R;k

fBdk.kh dke djk;yk dks.krsgh etwj feGr ulrkuk] egkjk"Vªkrwu] iq.;krY;k izeksVj

fcYMlZ vlksfl,'kudMwu feGfo.ks gs vo?kM dke R;kauh dsys-

lqjs'knknkauh tGxkoP;k R;kaP;k ;a=.kse/kwu vusd etqjkauk xqtjkre/;s

vk.kya] dks.khgh tkLr fnol jkgr uls] vkB&ia/kjk fnolkr rs iGwu tkr vlr] ;k

vMp.khoj R;kauh iqUgk nqljs etwj vk.kwu o dke d:u ?ksÅu ekr dsyh- ;k loZ

xks"Vh brD;k osxGîkk izdkjP;k vkgsr dh] v'kkizdkjs ,[kk|kyk o.kZu dsY;kuarj

vla gksÅ 'kdsy ;koj fo'oklgh clw 'kd.kkj ukgh- v'kk i/nrhus >kysys gs dke o

R;krwu yk[kks yksdkauk feGkysyh enr o ,d yk[k ohl gtkj eqykaps >kysys

'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu ;kpk eksBk vk'khokZn 'kkafrykyth o R;kaps dk;ZdrsZ vkf.k nknkaP;k

ikBh'kh vkgs- ,o<s eksBs iq.; ;kauh xksGk d:u Bsoysys vkgs- R;kpk mi;ksx R;kaP;k

fi<hyk o nqlÚ;k fi<hyk >kY;kf'kok; jkg.kkj ukgh] vls ;kosGh uDdhp okVrs-

;k HkwdaikP;k osGh xqtjkre/;s 'kkafrykythacjkscj Jh- egs'k dksBkjhgh dke

djhr gksrs- xsyh 25 o"ksZ Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps jk"Vªh; lpho vlysys Jh- egs'k

106

dksBkjh ;kauh 'kkafrykythacíy vfr'k; Hkkoiw.kZ mn~xkj dk<ys- rs Eg.kkys ^^lu

1994 yk eqFFkkthaps ukxiwje/;s Hkk"k.k >kys gksrs- rs eh ,sdys vkf.k ek>s txp

cnywu xsys- R;k {k.kkus ekÖ;k vk;q";kr myFkkikyFkp >kyh- eh ¼R;k osGP;k½

egkjk"Vª tSu la?kVusP;k dk;kZr nk[ky >kyks- uarj 1995 e/;s vkeP;k xksafn;k

rkyqD;kpk ¼chts,lpk½ inkf/kdkjh Eg.kwu ek>h R;kauh use.kwd dsyh- xksafn;k Eg.kts

egkjk"Vªkps nqljs Vksd- xksafn;kP;k vkliklP;k xkokxkokrwu] 'kgjk'kgjkrwu lkewfgd

fookg i/nrhP;k dk;kZua eh Qkj izHkkfor >kyks gksrks- rks fopkj ?ksÅu eh fQjyks-

rsFkhy yksdkauk lkewfgd fookg i/nrhph ekfgrh vkf.k egÙo iVowu nsÅ ykxyks-

ekÖ;k MksGîkkleksj eqFFkkth lektkr dls felGrkr] frFkY;k yksdkaP;k leL;k d'kk

tk.kwu ?ksrkr vkf.k 'kkari.ks fopkj d:u R;koj mik; dlk lqporkr gs n`'; gksrs] eh

R;kizek.ks eqFFkkthapk gk fopkj ;k xkokae/;s iksgpfo.;kpk iz;Ru d: ykxyks-

'kkafrykythauk HksV.;klkBh NÙkhlx<ps yksd rRijrsus vkys vkf.k NÙkhlx<yk

lkewfgd fookg lksgGk ikj iMykgh- vkrk Hkkjrkr lxGhdMs lkewfgd fookgkps

egÙo iVysys vkgs] lxGhdMs rs gksrkrgh] ;kps Js; ;k dYiusP;k tudkyk &

'kkafryky eqFFkkthauk |k;ykp gos-

;k dkekuarj eqFFkkthauh ekÖ;koj 'kS{kf.kd fodkl dk;kZph tckcnkjh

lksifoyh- R;klkBh eh fo'ks"k Vsªfuax ?ksrys** e/; izns'k] jktLFkku] xqtjkr] rfeGukMw]

mŸkj izns'k] dukZVd] vka/kz izns'k] fcgkj lxGhdMs dke pkyw >kys- tSu lekt ftFks

ftFks vkgs] R;kauk vkiY;k dkekr ,df=r vk.k.ks gs dksBkjhaps dke vfr'k;

dkS'kY;kus o ;'kLohjhR;k pkyw vkgs- ;kryk ,d egÙokpk Hkkx vlk dh] dk;ZdrkZ

tSu vlyk rjh dk;Z ek= lxGîkk ekuotkrhlkBh! Jh- dksBkjh eqFFkkthacíypk vknj

nksu vksGhr O;Dr djrkr- rs Eg.krkr] ^ru lefiZr] eu lefiZr] jDrdk d.kd.k

lefiZr ! vls eqFFkkth dke djrkr- thoukps loZLo lektklkBhp !! txkr v'kk

O;Drh Qkj deh vlrhy T;k iSlk] osG vkf.k vkiya eugh lektklkBh nsrkr-

'kkafrykyth ^dk;ZdrkZ* dlk vlkok gs lkaxrkuk Eg.krkr] ^^dk;ZdrkZ ogh

gS ftlds iSjes gks pDdj] eq¡ges gks 'kDdj] ljis gks cQZdk xksyk vkSj ân;es gks

vkxdk xksyk!** ¼ân;kr ifjorZukph fB.kxh vlk;yk goh½ vkf.k [kjap vkgs gs-

,[kk|k o/kw&oj ifjp; laesyukr ¼xkokrY;k½ ,[kk|k eqyhyk vk.kk;ps rj v{kj'k%

ikp&ikp] lgk&lgk osGk frP;k ?kjh gsyikVs ?kkykos ykxrkr] fryk frP;k ?kjP;k

107

eaMGhauh letkowu lkaxkos ykxrs rsOgk rh r;kj gksrs- ,o<sp uOgs rj laesyukP;k

fno'kh rh mifLFkr jkghi;±r ikBiqjkok djkok ykxrks- ;kr frpsp dY;k.k vlrs gs

fryk vkf.k frP;k ?kjP;kauk iVowu ns.ks] R;krgh yXu teys rj lkewfgd fookg

lksgGîkkr yXu ykowu ns.ks] R;kghiyhdMs Eg.kts yXukuarj dkgh dqjcwj >kyhp rj

R;kgh vMp.kh lksMfo.ks ts.ksd:u rh lq[kkr ukansy! ;k lxGîkkr dk;ZdR;kZyk

gks.kkjk ,deso vkf.k ewY;oku ykHk Eg.kts ^lek/kku*! 'kkafrykyth Eg.krkr] ^^ eh

ts dke dsys] djrks; R;kpa Qfyr ekÖ;k e`R;wi;±r dk;] e`R;wuarjgh feGkys rjh

pkysy** brD;k /khjkua] la;ekua] ldkjkRed fopkjkus rs dke djrkr-

R;kaps ,d okD; rj v{kj'k% vkiya ân; gsykowu lksM.kkjs vkgs- ,o<s

^lxG* dj.kkjh gh O;Drh brdh lk/kh brdh uez\^ik; tfeuhoj* vl.;kps ;kgwu

nqljs dks.krs mnkgj.k lkaxrk ;sbZy\

rs Eg.krkr]

^^ftanxhdh vlyh mMku ckdh gSA

gekjs gkSlyksadk bErgk ckdh gSA

geus rks ukih gS eqBB~hHkj tehA

vHkh rks lkjk tgk¡ ckdh gSA

gs ,sdY;koj vkiys lkjs 'kCnp bFks lairkr-

Jh- dksBkjh lkaxrkr] ^^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusr ;s.;kiwohZ eh lqekjs 17 laLFkkaps

dke djhr gksrks- R;ke/;s jktdh; laLFkkgh gksR;k- i.k R;k lxGîkkP;k lxGîkk

lksMY;k vkf.k 'kkafrykythacjkscj chts,lpa dke d: ykxyks- R;kaP;k

ekxZn'kZuk[kkyh dke dj.;kbrdh HkkX;kph xks"Vp ukgh-

xqtjkr HkwdaikP;k osGh fnolkdkBh 16&18 rkl dke djhr gksrs- vlá

mdkMk vlrkukgh i«;kP;k 'ksMe/;s jkg.ka] tso.ka- - - gs brD;k lgtrsua] lk/ksi.kkua

dks.kh d: 'kdr ukgh- R;keqGs okVrs] ^eqFFkkth gh ,d lkekU; O;Drh ukgh; rj rh

,d nSoh 'kDrhp vkgs] rs ,d ^deZohj* vkgsr vkf.k &

^deZohjds iFkds vkxs iRFkj lk/kd curk gSA

nhokjs Hkh fn'kk crkrh] tc oks vkxs c<rk gSA

'kkafrykythauh ,dnk gkrkr ?ksrysys dke fdrhgh vMp.kh vkY;k] rjh

iw.kZ dsysp- rs dke rj [kwip djrkr] i.k dke dls dsys ikfgts gs R;kaP;kdMwu

108

f'kdk;yk goa- izR;sd osGh dkgh uohu R;kaP;kdMwu f'kdk;yk feGrs- rs Eg.krkr]

^^dkgh t.k dke djrkr] R;keqGs dkekps lek/kku feGra ijarq

dke djk;yk goa] R;keqGs dkekph fn'kk] i)r cnyrs]

lektkrgh pkaxys cny gksrkr-**

'kkafrykythaph dke dj.;kph {kerk] fu;kstu dkS'kY; o lokZauk vkiyal

d:u ?ks.;kph dyk] ;k loZ xks"Vh ok[kk.k.;ktksX;k vkgsr- v'kk i)rhus ,[kk|k

uSlfxZd vkiÙkhoj ekr djrkuk vla[; vuqHko xksGk d:u ?ksrysY;k ;k ek.klkus

ykrwjiklwu] tcyiwj] dksd.k] xqtjkri;±r lkrR;kus ,dsd osxosxGîkk izdkjps

vuqHko ?ksrys- R;krwu fuekZ.k >kysY;k vuqHkokP;k vk/kkjkus ts dqBya dke rs gkrkr

?ksrhy rs 100 VDds ;'kLoh djrhy- gs xqtjkrP;k Hkwdaikps vuqHko ,sdY;kuarj

dks.khgh FkDd gksbZy R;kizek.ks ehgh FkDd >kys-

xqtjkrP;k ;k HkwdaikP;k laiw.kZ dkekr vknj.kh; Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu gs rhu

efgus HkwdaixzLr Hkkxke/;s lkrR;kus 'kkafrykythacjkscj jkghys- ;kpa eyk eksBa

vk'p;Z okVys- dkj.k jktdkj.kh ek.kwl v'kki/nrhus lefiZr dke d: 'kdrks]

;koj ek>k fo'okl uOgrk- Eg.kwu eh 'kkafrykythauk fopkjy dh] lqjs'knknk tSu

;kaP;kcíy vkiya dk; er vkgs\ ;koj 'kkafrykythauh mÙkj fnya-

^^Ekk.klkus brda pkaxya vlw u;s vla eyk Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu ;kaP;kdMs

ikgwu Eg.kkoala okVra- nqnSZokus R;kaP;kcíy yksdkiokn Qkj iljoys xsys- i.k rs

iljfo.kkÚ;kauk nknkauh dsysyk la?k"kZ tk.koyk ukgh- vfr'k; Li"V cksy.kkjs nknk

eukus rso<sp gGos vkgsr] dqByagh iki R;kaP;k eukr ukgh myV lkfRod vkgsr-

rRokapk vkxzg /kj.kkjs ,d ;'kLoh ijQkWeZj vkgsr vla eh ekÖ;k xsY;k ia/kjk o"kkZaP;k

vuqHkokua lkaxsu- dks.kkyk dqBY;kgh izdkjph vMp.k vkyh rj nknk 'kaHkj VDds

enr djrhyp- [kksVa cksy.kkj ukghr- R;kaP;k fopkjkr ikjn'kZdrk vkgs- fnysyh osG

ikGrhy- ts cksyrhy rsp djhrhy- rs jktdkj.kkr vkgsr i.k jktdkj.k R;kaP;kr

ukgh- rs eqRlíh ukghr- R;kaP;kbrds pkaxys xq.k Qkj deh yksdkr vk<Grkr- i.k ;k

tekU;kr brda pkaxya vlwugh pkyr ukgh- v'kkeqGs Hkjiwj yksdkauh R;kapk xSjQk;nk

?ksryk vkf.k R;kaps ,d osxGsp fp= lektkiq<s jaxfoys xsys- LokFkhZ jktdkj.kkr rs

QhV clr ukghr- i.k tGxkoP;k turspk R;kaP;koj iw.kZ fo'okl vkgs- R;kauk uÅ

osGk fuoM.kqdhrwu fuoMwu nsÅu R;kauh rks fl/n dsyk;- eh d/khgh Qk;|klkBh

function oriented

result oriented

109

R;kaP;ktoG vkyks ukgh ek= R;kaP;k ?ksrY;k tk.kkÚ;k ¼xSj½ Qk;|kcíy R;kauk lrr

lrdZ djhr vkyks- R;kaP;ktoGP;k vusd xks"Vhapa vuqdj.k djk;yk goa vla eyk

okVra- eyk R;kaP;kcíy vknj okVrks vkf.k lkS- jRukHkkHkh] dU;k ehuk{kh vkf.k jktsanz

o 'kSys'k ;k eqykacíygh! gk ,d ;qfud ifjokj vkgs vla eyk okVra-

tGxko ;sFkhy Jh- Hkojykyth tSu ;kaP;kcíy eyk Qkj vknj okVrks- rs

vR;ar nwjn`"Vh vlysys] rRoKp vkgsr- chts,l*ph ?kVuk R;kaP;k ekxZn'kZuk[kkyh

r;kj dsyh xsyh- rs tla cksyrkr rls okxrkr uOgs rs cksyrkr deh izR;{k okxwup

nk[korkr- ekÖ;k dkekcíy R;kauk lek/kku okVrs ;kpk eyk vfr'k; vkuan gksrks-

R;kaps vk'khokZn eyk ykHkys gs eh ek>za HkkX; letrks-** HkwdaikeqGs nqHkaxysY;k

tfeuhojgh vkiY;k dkekeqGs 'kkafrykythauh vusd ek.kla tksMyh-

110

xqtjkrP;k Hkwdaikuarj 'kkafrykythauh iqUgk ,dnk lokaZuh dsysY;k

enrhcíy vkHkkj ekuys o iq<s dks.kR;kizdkjps dk;Z djk;ps ;kph fn'kk Bjoyh

ikfgts ;k n`"Vhus okVpky lq: dsyh-

lu 2005 e/;s rfeGukMw] vka/kzizns'k] ikW.Mhpsjh] vaneku&fudksckj]

baMksusf'k;k ;k fBdk.kh Hkwdai gksÅu Rlqukeh vkY;keqGs eksBîkk izek.kkoj uqdlku >kys

vkf.k iqUgk ,dnk Hkkjrkoj eksBs ladV vkys- vaneku&fudksckj] rkfeGukMw]

ikW.Mhpsjh gk loZp Hkkx iq.;kiklwu [kwip nwj vlY;keqGs frdMs Qkj dkgh djrk ;sÅ

'kdsy dh ukgh ;kcíy 'kkafrykyth lk'kad gksrs- R;k osGh rfeGukMwe/;s Hkkjrh;

tSu la?kVusps vfLrRo uOgrs- ijarq rfeGukMwe/;s vl.kkÚ;k yksdka'kh

'kkafrykythapk pkaxyk laidZ gksrk- R;kauh Qksuo:u rfeGukMwe/;s pkyw vlysY;k

enrdk;kZcíy vk<kok ?ksÅu vki.kgh frdMs tkÅu ;kos vlk fopkj d:u

'kkafrykyth izQqYy ikj[k ;kauk ?ksÅu xsys- lqn'kZu tSu

;kaP;k iw.kZ Vheyk R;k fBdk.kh ikBowu]

rfeGukMw ikW.MhpsjhP;k xzkeh.k Hkkxkrwu psUubZP;k dk;ZdR;kZalg 'kkafrykythauh iw.kZ

nkSjk dsyk-

R;k fBdk.kh tSu lektkus brD;k eksBîkk izek.kkoj enrdk;Z dsysys gksrs gs

ikgwu 'kkafrykythauk [kwip vkÜp;Z okVys- gs enrdk;Z osxosxGîkk xkokr tSu

lektkP;k osxosxGîkk yksdkauh dsysys vlY;keqGs] ,dkus dk; dsys gs nqlÚ;kyk

ekfgrh uOgrs- R;keqGs 'kkafrykythauh laiw.kZ Hkkxkpk nkSjk d:u R;k R;k fBdk.kP;k

tSu lektkus dsysY;k dk;kZph ,d NksVh iqfLrdk Nki.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk o loZ

ekfgrh ,d= d:u ,dla?k tSu lektkus fdrh eksBîkk izek.kkojps dke dsys gs R;k

iqfLrdso:u fnlwu ;sr gksrs-

'kkafrykythauh rfeGukMwps jkT;iky lqjftrflax cukZyk ;kaph psUubZrhy

dk;ZdR;kZP;kcjkscj tkÅu HksV ?ksryh- o rsFkhy tSu lektkus dsysY;k dk;kZpk

vgoky R;kauk lknj d:u vk.k[kh dk; dke dsys tkos ;kfo"k;h fopkj&fofue;

tSu lektkP;k

] xkSrepan lapsrh] dkafryky

vksLroky] iznhi tSu] v'kksd iokj

17 : ËgwZm_rÀ`m bmQ>m

111

dsyk- 'kkafrykythauk vls okVys dh] tlk iq.;ke/;s R;kauh ok?kksyh ;sFks 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu izdYi lq: dsyk] rls tj HkkjrkP;k pkjgh dksiÚ;kr eqykaps 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu izdYi lq: >kys rj R;k R;k HkkxkrY;k eqykauk R;kpk Qk;nk gksÅ 'kdsy-

Eg.kwu psUubZP;k tSu lektkleksj v'kkizdkjpk izdYi mHkk dj.;kP;k lanHkkZr izLrko

'kkafrykythauh Bsoyk- vkÜp;Z Eg.kts R;k osGh psUubZe/;s tSu lektkr osxosxGs xV

gksrs- ijarq HkwdaikP;k ;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu dk;kZlkBh loZ xV ,d= vkys- lokZauh

feGwu v'kkizdkjpk 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi mHkk dj.;kpk fu/kkZj dsyk-

psUubZ ;sFkhy dk;ZdrsZ o 'kkafrykythaps izFkeiklwups lg;ksxh

Jh- dSykleyth nqxM] Jh- lqxkypanth tSu] Jh- xkSre cSn] Jh- xkSre lqjk.kk

bR;knh dk;ZdR;kZauh ,d= ;sÅu iq<kdkj ?ksryk- ;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYiklkBh

psUubZe/khy ,d vfr'k; egÙokph o eksD;kph tkxk ;k dk;kZlkBh okijyh tkoh

Eg.kwu R;k ikatjkiksG laLFksP;k loZ fo'oLrkaP;k xkBhHksVh ?ksrY;k- R;kauk lektkP;k

cSBdhr vk.kwu lnj tkxk 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYiklkBh foukewY; ns.;kph r;kjh

tkxkekydkaP;k o fo'oLrkaP;k ek/;ekus O;Dr dj.;kr vkyh- laiw.kZ lektkus

,df=r ;sÅu ;k ?kVusps Lokxr dsys o ;k izdYikph ljdkjdMwu ijokuxh d'kh

vk.kkoh ;k lanHkkZe/;s fopkj&fofue; lq: >kyk-

'kkafrykythauh vknj.kh; Jh 'kjn iokjlkgsc ;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kwu

iq.;klkj[kk 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi rfeGukMwe/;s lq: dsyk ikfgts] vkeP;k

ekydhph tkxk vkgs o vkEgh cka/kdke dj.kkj vkgksr] QDr rqeP;kdMwu ykx.kkÚ;k

loZ ijokuX;k vki.k fnY;k ikfgtsr] v'kkizdkjpk izLrko Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;k

orhus vki.k rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Jherh t;yfyrk ;kaP;kiq<s ekaMkok vlk vkxzg

/kjyk- 'kjn iokjlkgsc psUubZyk vkys- 'kkafrykythauk ?ksÅu Jherh t;yfyrk

;kapscjkscj ,d ehfVax >kyh- feVhaxe/;s t;yfyrkauh loZ ,sdwu ?ksrys-

'kkafrykythauk okVys dh vkrk vkiY;kyk uDdh ijokuxh feGsy- rfeGukMwP;k

tSu yksdkaukgh [kwi lek/kku okVys- ijarq ehfVax >kY;kuarj lnj ijokuxh ukdkj.;kr

vkyh vkgs] vlk fujksi vkyk- ijokuxh ukdkjY;keqGs 'kkafrykyth vfr'k; ukjkt

>kys gksrs- vkrk vki.k enrdk;Z o iquoZlu dk;Z dksBs djkos gk iz'u iqUgk fuekZ.k

>kyk gksrk- loZ dk;ZdR;kZe/;s dk;Z dj.;kpk mRlkg eksBîkk izek.kkoj gksrk- ijarq

rfeGukMw ljdkjus ijokuxh u fnY;kus ;k mRlkgkoj fojt.k iMya- ukbZyktkLro

112

'kkafrykythauh gk;dksVkZe/;s ljdkjP;k ;k fu.kZ;kfo:/n fjV fiVh'kugh dsys- ijarq

fjV fiVh'kupk fu.kZ; ykx.;kl vusd o"kZ ykx.kkj vlY;keqGs 'kkafrykythauh

rfeGukMwe/;s dke dj.;kpk fopkj lksMwu fnyk-

iokjlkgsckauk gs ekfgrh gksrs dh 'kkafrykyth pkaxys dke d: 'kdrhy o

vanekue/;s dke dj.kkÚ;k yksdkaph xjt vkgs o vaneku&fudksckj rls [kwip ykac

vkgs] tk.;k&;s.;kP;k vMp.kh tkLr vkgsr- R;keqGs iokjlkgsc 'kkafrykythauk

?ksÅu vanekuyk xsys- frFkys uk;c jkT;iky izk- jke dkils gs gksrs- iokjlkgsckauh

R;kauk Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk pkaxys dke d: 'kdsu] rqEgh R;kauk loZ ijokuX;k |k]

v'kh fouarh dsyh- R;k osGh vanekuph ifjfLFkrh vfr'k; [kjkc gksrh-

vaneku&fudksckj gs Hkkjrkr vkgs dh] HkkjrkP;k ckgsj vkgs gsgh yksdkauk uhV letr

uls- psUubZo:u nksu rklkpk gokbZ izokl] lxGhdMs leqnz] tk.;klkBh nqljk dqByk

jLrk ukgh- cksVhus yksd tkrkr- psUubZo:u vanekuyk ijarq pkj&ikp fnol

tk.;klkBh ykxr-

iksVZCysvj gh vanekuph jkt/kkuh vkf.k NksVh&NksVh v'kh 37 csVs] tsFks

vkfnoklh lekt eksBîkk izek.kkoj jkgrks- 'kkafrykythauh vaneku iwohZ d/kh cf?krys

uOgrs- ;kfufeÙkkus vanekue/;s tk.;kpk ;ksx vkyk- o 'kjn iokjlkgsckaP;keqGs

'kkafrykythauk rsFks dke dj.;kph la/kh feGkyh- R;kauk 20 'kkGk cka/k.;kph ifgyh

ijokuxh feGkyh- R;kizek.ks dke lq: >kys- vkfdZVsDpj IyWu dk<.;kiklwu rj

iw.kZi.ks vkj-lh-lh-i;±r cka/kdke iw.kZ djsi;±r loZ xks"VhP;k lanHkkZr 'kkafrykythauh

R;kaps dk;ZdkS'kY; nk[koys-

'kS{kf.kd iquoZlukpk ,d eksBk iz'u tlk vanekue/;s gksrk rlk R;k osGh

oS|dh; enrhpk [kwi eksBk iz'ugh fudksckjP;k loZ csVkae/;s fuekZ.k >kysyk gksrk-

R;k fBdk.kps loZ izk;ejh gsYFk lsaVlZ o lc lsaVlZ RlqukeheqGs m/oLr >kyh gksrh-

t'kh 'kkGsph rRdkG xjt vlrs r'kh oS|dh; enrhphgh rRdkG xjt vlrs-

Eg.kwu frFkY;k iz'kklukus 'kkafrykythauk izk;ejh gsYFk lsaVlZ vkf.k lc lsaVlZ

cka/kkosr vlk vkxzg dsyk- 'kkafrykythauh R;klkBh vaneku&fudkscjkP;k 30 is{kk

vf/kd csVkoj gh ;a=.kk d'kh jkcfo.kkj ;kfo"k;h fpark O;Dr dsyh- dkj.k ,dhdMwu

nqljhdMs tk.;klkBh vkB&vkB fnol cksVh ulra o cksVhf'kok; nqljk i;kZ; uls-

RlqukeheqGs cÚ;kp fBdk.kP;k tsV~Vhgh [kjkc >kysY;k gksR;k- R;keqGs cksVhgh dkgh

113

fBdk.kh tkÅ 'kdr uOgR;k- dkgh dkgh fBdk.kh tk.;klkBh nksu&nksu] rhu&rhu

fBdk.kh cksVh cnykO;k ykxr gksR;k- fudksckjyk tk.;klkBh rj [kkl ijokuX;k

ykxr gksR;k- rsFks iz'kklu vfr'k; dMd gksrs o rsFks vkfnoklh lektkP;k

laerhf'kok; rsFkhy iz'kklu dks.krhgh xks"V d: 'kdr uOgrs-

v'kk ifjfLFkrhr vkfnoklh lektkph laerh d'kh ?;koh bFkiklwu lq#okr

gksrh- ;kiwohZ frFks dks.krsgh dke dsysys uOgrs o vksG[khps yksd R;k fBdk.kh

ulrkuk] dnkfpr vki.k eksBîkk izek.kkoj dkgh d: 'kd.kkj ukgh vla

'kkafrykythauk okVr gksrs- ijarq Eg.krkr uk

rqeph tj eukiklwu bPNk vlsy rj ijes'oj loZ xks"Vhyk lkFk nsrks rla

?kMya-

R;k osGh Jh- izQqYy ikj[k gs 'kkafrykythacjkscj vanekue/;s gksrs- izQqYy

ikj[k ;kaps psUubZ ;sFkhy ukrsokbZd Jh- xksyPNk ;kapk eqyxk uohu xksyPNk ;kaph

vanekuyk ,d 'kkGk gksrh o R;kapa jkg.;kp ?kj gksra- R;keqGs izQqYy ikj[k ;kauh

vanekue/;s vksG[k dk<yh o Lor%pa cLrku clok;yk lq:okr dsyh-

'kkafrykythauh izQqYy ikj[k ;kauk fouarh dsyh dh] tj rqEgh ,d o"kZHkj bFk jkgr

vlky rj vki.k izk;ejh gsYFk lsaVlZ o lc lsaVlZ gs cka/k.;kph tckcnkjh ?ksÅ-

dkj.k ,dk csVko:u nqlÚ;koj cjkscj tkÅu frdMs dke d:u ?ks.ks gh dkgh lk/kh

xks"V ukgh o 'kkafrykyth R;kauk vlgh Eg.kkys dh] eh rjh rsFks o"kZHkj Fkkacow 'kdr

ukgh] R;keqGs tj rqEgh Fkkac.;kph r;kjh n'kZfoyh rj vki.k vaneku&

fudksckje/;sgh eksBs dke d: 'kdw-

izQqYy ikj[k ;kauh 'kkafrykythauh dsysY;k fouarhyk eku nsÅu R;kaph

bPNk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh vkiY;k ?kjh Qksu dsyk- izQqYy ikj[k gs ukxiwjps jfgok'kh]

ikp Hkkokapk eksBk ifjokj] R;ke/;s izQqYy ikj[k lokZr eksBs] R;kaps oMhy g;kr

ulY;keqGs lokZr eksBh O;Drh Eg.kts izQqYy ikj[k] loZ ikpgh Hkkokapa dqVqac

ukxiwje/;s] vla vlrkuk R;kapk eksBk dkjHkkj vlrkuk] izQqYythpk Lor%pk m|ksx

vlrkuk] QDr 'kkafrykythaP;k ,dk bPNslkBh R;kauh R;kaP;k ifjokj] ifjokjkrhy

tckcnkÚ;k] Lor%pk O;olk; ;krhy loZ yksdkauk fouarh dsyh dh eyk rqEgh

vanekuyk jkg.;kph ijokuxh |k- 'kkafrykythauk ;k xks"Vhpa vkÜp;Z okVya-

izQqYythauh lokZaph ijokuxh ?ksryh- vkf.k 'kkafrykythauk Eg.kkys dh] eh ,d o"kZ

“If there is a will there is a

way”

114

vanekuyk jkgk;yk r;kj vkgs-

'kkafrykythauh izk;ejh lsaVlZ o lc lsaVlZ cka/k.;kph ijokuxh ?ksryh- 11

'kkGk o 34 izk;ejh gsYFk lsaVj o lc lsaVlZ brds eksBs dke vaneku&fudksckjP;k

loZ csVkaP;ke/;s dj.;kph la/kh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusyk feGkyh- T;k izdYikyk

ftrdh jDde ykxr gksrh frrdh jDde osxossxGîkk laLFkkauh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusyk

fnyh- iqUgk R;ke/;s 'kjn iokjlkgsckauh ldkG fjfyQ QaMkrQsZ o xjokjsDyc rQsZ

rsFks 'kkGk cka/kY;k-

dukZVde/khy /keZLFkG gs [kwi eksBa nsoLFkku vkgs o frFkys izeq[k Jh

fojasnzth gsxMs ;kauk laiw.kZ nf{k.k Hkkxkr ijes'oj ekuys tkrs- R;kauh 'kkafrykytha'kh

laidZ dsyk o vanekue/;s /keZLFkGkP;k ek/;ekus 'kkGk cka/k.;kr vkyh- v'kk vusd

laLFkkaP;k rQsZ 'kkGk cka/k.;kps dke Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus dsys- R;k fBdk.kh R;k R;k

ns.kxhnkj laLFkkaps cksMZ ykowu R;kauk fuea=.k nsÅu R;kaP;k gLrs 'kkGk o izk;ejh gsYFk

lsaVjps mn?kkVu dj.;kr vkys-

izQqYyth vanekue/;s ,d o"kZ jkfgys- izR;sd csVkojrh tkÅu o ,d

o"kkZP;k vkr rsFkhy loZ dkes R;kauh d:u ?ksryh- R;k loZ cka/kysY;k bekjrhapk okij

R;k fBdk.kh gksÅ ykxyk] yksdkauk R;kpk Qk;nk iksgpw ykxyk] vkfnoklh

lektkP;k] T;k iapk;rh gksR;k R;k lokZauh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps Lokxr dsys- R;kauh

Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusyk dke dj.;kph ijokuxh fnyh- gs cka/kdkekpa lkfgR;

vaneku&fudksckje/;s ?ksÅu tkÅu izR;sd csVkoj iksgpo.ks] gh izfØ;k Eg.kts [kwi

eksBa vkOgkup gksra- izk;ejh gsYFk lsaVj vkf.k lc lsaVlZps LyWc 'kkafrykythauh

gSnzkcknP;k ,jdkWu ukokP;k daiuhdMwu ?ksrys gksrs- R;keqGs gSnzkckngwu gs loZ

eVsfj;y fo'kk[kiV~V.keP;k tsVV~hojrh iksgpoys tkr gksrs] fo'kk[kiV~V.keo:u rs

psUubZyk o psUubZe/;s ,dk cksVhrwu mrjowu ?ksÅu frFks dkgh fnol eVsfj;y BsÅu

iqUgk nqlÚ;k cksVhrwu psUubZo:u iksVZCysvjyk rs ikBfoys tkr gksrs- iksVZCysvjyk rs

mrjowu ?ksÅu dkgh fnol rsFks BsÅu osxosxGîkk csVkaP;kojrh rs ikBfoys tkr gksrs-

R;ke/;slq/nk iksVZCysvjo:u dkgh csVke/;s eVsfj;y ikBorkuk nksu&nksu fBdk.kh rs

mr:u ?;kos ykxr vls o dkgh fnol Fkkacwu nqlÚ;k cksVhe/;s Vkdos ykxr vls-

rsOgk dqBs rs 'ksoVP;k fBdk.kkoj iksgpk;ps-

gs dke brds vo?kM o ftfdjhps gksrs dh gs dke dls dsys tkÅ 'kdrs]

115

;kP;kojrh 'kkafrykythauh ,d vWfues'ku fQYe r;kj dsyh o rh vWfues'ku fQYe

vusd vkiÙkh O;oLFkkiu dsanzkdMs] jk"Vªh; o vkarjjk"Vªh; laLFkk o Hkkjr ljdkj

;kaP;kdMs ikBfoyh- rh c?kwu vaneku&fudksckj csVkoj dke dj.ks fdrh vo?kM vkgs

;kph izfprh R;kauk vkyh- 'kkafrykyth efgU;krwu ,[kk|k osGh iksVZCysvjyk ;sr

vlr o laiw.kZ pkyysY;k dkekpk vk<kok ?ksr vlr- Jh- izQqYy ikj[k ;kapk

eqDdke frFksp gksrk- rs loZ O;oLFkkiu djhr gksrs- v'kk i/nrhus

vaneku&fudksckje/;s ,d eksBîkk izek.kkojps dke chts,lP;k ek/;ekus o

izQqYythP;k lgdk;kZus ;'kLohjhR;k dj.;kr vkys] gh vfr'k; egÙokph ckc

vkgs-

116

vaneku&fudksckjpa LVªDpj ljdkjdMs lksio.;kpk dk;ZØe psUubZP;kjkT;ikykaP;k gLrs psUubZe/;s pkyw gksrk- ;k dk;ZØeke/;s LVstoj clysys vlrkuk'kkafrykythauk ,d ,l-,e-,l- vkyk] dh tEew&dk'ehje/;s eksBîkk izek.kkojHkwdai >kyk vkgs o frFks foÙk o euq";gkuh eksBîkk izek.kkoj >kyh vkgs-'kkafrykythuk dkgh dGsukls >kys- ,dk vkiÙkhrwu ckgsj iM.îkkP;k lekjaHkke/;snqlÚ;k vkiÙkhpa fuea=.k gk ,d fofp= ;ksxk;ksx gksrk- gh vkiyh lRoijh{kk rjcf?kryh tkr ukgh uk\ vla R;kauk okVw ykxys- dqBs iq.ks] dqBs ykrwj] dqBs tcyiwj]dqBs xqtjkr] dqBs vaneku&fudksckjph csVs vkf.k vkrk dqBs tEew&dk'ehj!'kkafrykythaP;k u'khckr laiw.kZ ns'kkyk fiatwu dk<k;ps Bjysys gksrs dh dk;\ BkÅdukgh-

Ijarq v'kk izR;sd vkOgkukyk ldkjkRed –f"Vdksukrwu fgerhus lkeksjs tk.ks;kyk eksBs /kkMl ykxrs gs [kja- R;krys R;kr vkiY;koj vkiÙkh vkyh rj vki.kfgaer Bsow 'kdrks- ijarq vkiY;koj vkiÙkh vkysyh ulrkuk dqBsrjh [kwi ykacP;kfBdk.kh vkiÙkh vkyh vkgs o ftFks tk.;kph vkiyh dqByhgh tckcnkjh ulrkuklkekftd dke o ekuork ;k –f"Vdksukrwu R;k fBdk.kh Lor%yk vkiysp dkeletwu] >ksdwu ns.ks gs 'kkafrykythaps oSf'k"Vîk cuys gksrs- tEew&dk'ehje/;s tkÅudke dj.;kP;k lanHkkZr 'kkafrykythaph r'kh eukiklwu bPNk uOgrh- dkj.k Hkkjrh;tSu la?kVusps 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu f'k{k.kkP;k lanHkkZrhy vusd dkes eq[; dk;kZy;kP;kek/;ekus pkyw gksrh- o dk;Z pkyw vlrkuk R;ke/;s tj vk.k[kh O;R;; vkyk rj rseq[; f'k{k.k {ks=krya dke cktwyk jkghy- Eg.kwu tEew&dk'ehjP;k Hkwdaikr utk.;kpk fu.kZ; vk/kh 'kkafrykythauh ?ksryk gksrk- ijarq fu;rhyk rs eatwj uOgra-

R;k osGh uqdrhp Hkkjr ljdkj rQsZ uW'kuy fMtWLVj eWustesaV vWFkkWfjVh¼,u-Mh-,e-,-½ gh eksBh laLFkk lq: dj.;kr vkysyh gksrh- iariz/kku gs Lor% ;klaLFksps v/;{k Eg.kwu ?kVuse/;s n'kZfo.;kr vkys gksrs- o mik/;{k ;kauk dsanzh;dWfcusVpk ntkZ o lnL;kauk dsanzh; jkT;ea«;kapk ntkZ ns.;kr vkyk gksrk- uSlfxZdvkiÙkhojph O;oLFkkiukph brdh eksBh laLFkk o ,d ^fMtWLVj vWDV* Hkkjr ljdkjusikl dsyk gksrk- HkkjrkP;k vkiÙkh O;oLFkkiukP;k loksZPp laLFksps lnL; vknj.kh;Jh esuu o Jh ds- ,e- flax ;kauh ,d fnol 'kkafrykythauk Qksu dsyk-tEew&dk'ehjP;k Hkwdaikr dke dj.;klkBh fnYyhyk ,d cSBd cksykfoyh gksrh- ;kcSBdhyk 'kkafrykythauk cksyfo.;kr vkys-

18 : Oå_y-H$mí_ra ^yH§$n d {~hmaMm nya

117

R;k osGh Hkkjrkps x`gea=h Jh f'kojkt ikVhy] ,u-Mh-,e-,-ps mik/;{k

tujy Oght] ,u-Mh-,e-,-ps lnL; ds-,e- flax o Jh esuu vkf.k 'kkafrykyth o

izQqYy ikj[k ;k lok±ph fnYyh ;sFks ,d cSBd >kyh- x`gea=h Jh f'kojkt ikVhy o

,u-Mh-,e-,-ps mik/;{k tujy fOgt ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya dh] dk'ehjP;k

[kksÚ;ke/;s ikfdLrku ljgnhoj eksBîkk izek.kkoj Hkwdai >kysyk vkgs frFkY;k

yksdkaph ?kjs iMysyh vkgsr- gh ?kjs ijr yodj cka/kwu gksÅ 'kd.kkj ukghr o gh ?kjs

cka/k.;kps lkfgR; gs tj tEewo:u dk'ehjyk OgWyhe/;s U;kos ykxsy- ijarq R;k

fBdk.kh fMlsacje/;s eksBîkk izek.kkoj cQZ iMrks o rsFkhy jLrs can gksrkr o rsFks

dks.krsgh lkfgR; ?ksÅu tkrk ;sr ukgh- tj rls >kys rj rsFkhy yksdkaps [kwi eksBs

uqdlku gksbZy- Hkwdaikr tso<s yksd esys vkgsr R;kis{kk tkLr yksda FkaMhus ejrhy o

;klkBh ljdkjyk lgdk;Z dsys ikfgts] enr dsyh ikfgts] rqepk Hkwdaikrhy dk;Z

dj.;kpk vuqHko eksBk vkgs] rqEgh osxosxGîkk Hkwdaike/;s ;'kLohi.ks dk;Z dsys vkgs-

R;keqGs gs dke rqEgh d'kk i)rhus d: 'kdky] ;kp fu;kstu d:u Hkkjr ljdkjdMs

|kos o ,u-Mh-,e-,-P;k cjkscjhus dke djkos-

gs loZ ,sdwu izQqYyth o 'kkafrykythauh vkikilkr fopkj dsyk- gs

vkOgku vki.k Lohdkjys ikfgts o dk'ehjP;k [kksÚ;ke/;s gks.kkÚ;k =klkiklwu

yksdkauk okpfoys ikfgts- gs vkiys drZO; vkgs vla letwu gs dke dls dsys tkos

;kph O;qgjpuk R;kauh lq: dsyh-

'kkafrykythauh vkrki;±r izR;sd uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s vfr'k; vo?kM

ifjfLFkrhr fu;kstuc/n] osGse/;s] vfr'k; O;ofLFkr i)rhus ;'kLoh dkes

dsY;keqGs loZ izdkjph dkes dj.;kph R;kauk gkrksVh gksrh- bFks R;kauh dke

dj.;klkBh ,d vfHkuo o osxGh ;kstuk vk[kyh- xqtjkrP;k HkwdaikP;k osGh T;k

'kkGk cka/k.;kr vkY;k gksR;k] R;k 'kkGk izh&QWczhdsVsM vlY;keqGs o R;kps

cka/kdke djrkuk R;kpk okij nqlÚ;k uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;sgh gksÅ 'kdsy v'kkizdkjps

fu;kstu xqtjkre/;s lq:okrhiklwup dsY;keqGs o 'kkGsP;k izR;sd eq[;k/;kidkdMwu

R;kaph iDdh 'kkGk cka/kwu >kY;koj gs eVsfj;y chts,lus ijr ?ksÅu tk.;klkBh

laerhi=s 'kkafrykythauh le;lwpdrsizek.ks rh fygwu ?ksryh gksrh- ;k xks"Vhpk Qk;nk

?ksÅu xqtjkre/kY;k 'kkGkapa eVsfj;y tEew&dk'ehje/kY;k yksdkauk jkg.;klkBh

118

|koa- ts.ksd:u rsFks 'ksM mHks dsys tkrhy] izh&QWczhdsVsM LVªDpj mHks dsys tkrhy o

R;k fBdk.kh yksdkauk jkg.;klkBh tkxk feGsy o R;keqGs FkaMheqGs R;kaps laj{k.k gksÅ

'kdsy vls fu;kstu 'kkafrykythauh dsys-

tEew&dk'ehjps rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Jh- xqyke uch vk>kn ;kaP;kcjkscj

fnYyhe/;s 'kkafrykyth o izQqYythaph cSBd >kyh- ;k cSBdhe/;s gh ;kstuk

Jh- xqyke uch vk>kn ;kaP;kdMs ekaMyh- rh R;kauk vfr'k; ;ksX; okVyh- R;kuarj

,u-Mh-,e-,- leksj ekaMyh- ,u-Mh-,e-,-us gh ;kstuk ;ksX; vlY;kps lkaxwu

R;ke/;s dks.kdks.kR;k vMp.kh ;sÅ 'kdrkr ;koj ppkZ lq: dsyh- 'kkafrykythauh

rhupkj eq[; vMp.kh Hkkjr ljdkjP;k leksj BsoY;k- tEew&dk'ehjP;k

ih-MCY;w-Mh-P;k yksdkauh gs LVªDpj xqtjkre/kwu dk<wu tEew&dk'ehje/;s iqUgk

okijys tkÅ 'kdsy dh ukgh ;kph [kkrjtek d:u ?;koh- ts.ksd:u uarj loZ 'kkGk

[kksywu tEew&dk'ehje/;s xsY;koj tj R;k iqUgk okijrk vkY;k ukghr rj eksBh

vMp.k fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdsy- rls gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu ifgyh vV Bsoyh dh]

tEew&dk'ehjP;k ih-MCY;w-Mh-P;k yksdkauh xqtjkre/;s ;sÅu ;k 'kkGspk okij ?kjs

cka/k.;klkBh gksÅ 'kdsy dk ;kpk vgoky lknj dj.;kl lkafxrys- tj gk vgoky

O;ofLFkr vkyk rj xqtjkre/;s ;a=.kk ykowu T;k 'kkGk iDD;k cka/kwu >kysY;k R;k

'kkGkapa izh&QWczhdsV dk<wu Vkdkos- ts eVsfj;y izR;sd 'kkGse/kwu dk<ys tkbZy rs

eVsfj;y R;k R;k 'kkGsrwu xka/kh/kke ;k jsYosLVs'kui;±r dls vk.kys tkbZy ;kps

fu;kstu 'kkafrykythauh dsys-

rlsp Hkkjr ljdkjoj nqljh vV ?kkryh dh xka/kh/kkeiklwu tEewi;±r ,d

efgU;kP;k vkr gs loZ eVsfj;y us.;klkBh rhu&pkj osxGîkk fno'kh eksBîkk

ekyokgrqdhP;k Lis'ky Vsªu miyC/k d:u fnY;k tkO;kr- ts.ksd:u gs eVsfj;y

xka/kh/kkeo:u tEewdMs Vsªuus usys tkbZy- R;kuarj tEew&dk'ehj ljdkjP;k ek/;ekus

tEeqP;k jYosLVs'kuo:u Vsªu vkY;koj rs eVsfj;y dk'ehj OgWyhe/;s f'k¶V

dj.;klkBh nksu'ks Vªd ykxw 'kdrhy- rs miyC/k d:u nsrk vkys ikfgtsr] v'khgh

fouarh dsyh- rlsp vk.k[kh ,d xks"V tEew&dk'ehj ljdkjcjkscj djkj djrkuk

Bjoyh gksrh dh] ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k ek/;ekrwu mHkkj.khps dke d:u ?;kos-

119

dkj.k tEew&dk'ehje/;s gs dke egkjk"Vªkrwu ;sÅu chts,lps dk;ZdrsZ d: 'kd.kkj

ukghr- R;keqGs frdMP;k dkWUVªDVjdMwu gs dke d:u ?;kos v'khgh fouarh dsyh- ;k

loZ fouaR;k ekU; >kY;k-

dke lq: dj.;kP;k iwohZ ,u-Mh-,e-,- cjkscj ,d djkj dj.;kr vkyk-

eqacbZ o fnYyh ;sFks cSBdk dsY;kuarj chts,lus tEew&dk'ehj ljdkjus o

,u-Mh-,e-,-us dk; dk; dsys ikfgts ;k lanHkkZryk ,d djkj dj.;kr vkyk-

fnYyh ;sFkhy dk;kZy;kr 9 uksOgsacj 2005 jksth lnj djkjkoj 'kkafrykyth eqFFkk o

,u-Mh-,e-,-ps mik/;{k tujy Oght ;kauh lgîkk dsY;k- 'kkafrykythauh

BjY;kizek.ks v'kksd iokj o R;kaP;k Vheyk xqtjkre/;s ikBowu loZ 'kkGkaps

izh&QWczhdsVsM eVsfj;y dk<wu ?ksrys- 70&75 fBdk.kh iDD;k bekjrh 'kkGsP;k

cka/kwu >kY;k uOgR;k- R;keqGs R;k 'kkGkaps eVsfj;y dk<rk vkys ukgh- T;k 'kkGkaP;k

iDD;k bekjrh cka/kwu >kY;k gksR;k R;kp 'kkGkaps eVsfj;y eq[;k/;kidkaph

iqu%ijokuxh ?ksÅu dk<wu Vªde/;s Vkdwu xka/kh/kkei;±r ikBfo.;kr vkys-

v'kk i)rhus 1005 oxZ [kksY;kaiSdh toG toG 750 oxZ [kksY;kaps

eVsfj;y dk<wu rhu osxosxGîkk eksBîkk Lis'ky Vsªuus tEew&dk'ehjdMs ikBfo.;kr

vkys- d/kh d/kh dk'ehjP;k yksdkauk okVk;pa dh xqtjkre/kwu gs eVsfj;y] ;sbZy dh

ukgh- d/kh d/kh xqtjkrP;k yksdkauk okVk;ps tEew&dk'ehje/;s gs eVsfj;y tkra; rs

vki.k |k;yk ikfgts dh ukgh- ijarq tEew&dk'ehjyk okijk;ps vlys rjh eVsfj;y

fnys ikfgts v'kh Hkwfedk xqtjkrP;k yksdkauh ?ksryh vkf.k gs loZ eVsfj;y tEewe/kwu

cQZ iM.;kiwohZ dk'ehjP;k OgWyhe/;s ikBfo.;kr vkys- tEew&dk'ehj ljdkjP;k

orhus R;k fBdk.kh mHkkj.khpa dkegh lq: >kya- 'kkafrykyth o izQqYyth ;kauh Lor%

tEew&dk'ehjP;k vf/kdkÚ;kacjkscj gsfydkWIVjus loZ Hkkxkpk nkSjk d:u R;k

eVsfj;ypk okij dqBs dsyk tkr vkgs o mHkkj.khpa dke dsya tkr vkgs gs Lor%

vkiY;k MksGîkkus ikfgys- R;k osGh 'kkafrykythauk ikfdLrkuP;k ckWMZji;±r tk.;kph

la/kh feGkyh o fVVoky ckWMZjP;k cksMZi;±r 'kkafrykyth iksgkspys- leksjp iwy

vksykaMY;kuarj ih-vks-ds-ps yksd 'kkafrykythauk fnlr gksrs- v'kk i)rhus

ikfdLrkuP;k ckWMZji;±r tkÅu dke dj.;kph la/kh 'kkafrykythauk feGkyh-

120

;k loZ dk;kZps tEew&dk'ehjps rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Jh xqykeuch vk>kn

;kauh [kwi dkSrqd dsys- chts,lus dsysY;k dkekpk vgoky x`gea=h f'kojkt ikVhy

;kauh HkkjrkP;k yksdlHkse/;s loZ jktdh; i{kkaP;k leksj Bsoyk o Hkkjrh; tSu

la?kVusyk /kU;okn fnys- v'kk i)rhus tEew&dk'ehjP;k ckWMZji;±r tkÅu

Hkwdaike/;s eksBs dke dj.;kph la/khgh 'kkafrykythauk feGkyh-

ijarq izR;sd uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s 'kkafrykythaps y{k tkbZ rs ygku

eqykaP;kdMs- bFksgh rsp >kys- tEew&dk'ehjpk nkSjk djhr vlrkuk] gs lxGs

eVsfj;y tkr vlrkuk R;k ifjljke/;s fQjr vlrkuk 'kkafrykythauk ;k ygku

eqykaP;k lanHkkZr eksBh dkGth fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh- R;kauh ek- xqykeuch vk>kn

;kaP;kdMs rh cksywu nk[kfoyh dh v'kk izdkjph gh HkwdaixzLr Hkkxke/;s vMdysyh

eqys fdaok ;k ifjljkryh vukFk eqykaps iquoZlu Ogkos] ;k eqykauk enr feGkoh

Eg.kwu] ,d iz;ksx Eg.kwu bFkyh 500 eqys eh iq.;kyk ?ksÅu tkÅu R;kaP;k f'k{k.kkph

tckcnkjh eh mpyw 'kdrks- v'kh bPNk 'kkafrykythauh xqykeuch vk>kn ;kaP;kdMs

O;Dr dsyh- R;kauh ;k bPNsoj vfr'k; xkaHkh;kZus fopkj d:u vusd iz'u

'kkafrykythauk fopkjys-

R;k osGh 'kkafrykythauh izR;sd iz'ukrwu ekxZ dk<.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk o

R;kauk lkafxrys dh iz'u cksMkZpk fdaok ek/;ekpk ukgh] tEew&dk'ehje/;s HkwdaikeqGs

th ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs R;keqGs eqykaP;koj ts ifj.kke gksrhy R;klkBh eh

eqykauk gyorks vkgs- 'kkafrykythauh vlagh lkafxrya dh] eh ;k eqykauk iq.;kyk

?ksÅu tkrkuk R;kaP;kcjkscj rqeps f'k{kdgh ?ksÅu tkbZu- gsp f'k{kd rqeP;k eqykauk

iq.;ke/;s osxGîkk oxkZe/;s clowu f'kdorhy- Eg.kts tEew&dk'ehjP;k 'kkGs,soth

chts,lph 'kkGk vlsy o fo|kFkhZ o f'k{kd tEew&dk'ehjpsp vlrhy o R;kauk

ijh{kslkBh tEew&dk'ehjyk jsYosus ikBfo.;kr ;sbZy- R;keqGs f'k{kdke/;s]

ek/;eke/;s] ijh{kse/;s vkEgh dqBykgh cny dj.kkj ukgh- QDr ;k fBdk.kh tks =kl

eqykauk gksrks; R;klkBh vkEgh tkxk cnyrks;- xqykeuchlkgsckauk gs loZ iVya- R;kauh

fopkj d:u nksu fnolkr fu.kZ; fnyk dh] rqEgh 500 eqys ?ksÅu tk.;kph r;kjh

djk- R;kauh ljdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kaph cSBd cksykoyh o R;k cSBdhr ;k fu.kZ;kph

121

dYiuk fnyh-

eqys 'kks/k.;klkBh o R;kaP;k ikydkaph laerhi= ?ks.;klkBh chts,lps

dk;ZdrsZ o rsFkhy 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh ;kaP;k tksMîkk Bjfo.;kr vkY;k- R;k osGh

'kkafrykythauh egkjk"Vªkrwu Jh- dkarhykyth vksLroky] flYyksM] lqn'kZu tSu]

izfni tSu] cMusjk] fnid ikj[k bR;knh toGP;k dk;ZdR;kZauk Qksu d:u R;kauk

tEew&dk'ehjyk cksykowu ?ksrys- tEew&dk'ehjP;k vf/kdkÚ;kcjkscj vukFk eqys

;kaP;k ?kjh tkÅu] R;kaP;k ikydkauk HksVwu R;kaph laerh ?ks.;kps l= lq: dsya-

ikgrkikgrk 5&6 fnolke/;s 500 eqykaph ;knh r;kj >kyh- R;kaps laerhi=

feGkys] R;kauh f'k{k.kklkBh iq.;kyk ;s.;kph r;kjh n'kZoyh- ;kpk lokZauk vkuan

okVyk- ;k eqykauk tEeqo:u jsYosus fujksi ns.;kpk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dj.;kr

vkyk-

;k loZ dk;kZph ekfgrh ek- xqykeuch vk>kn ;kauh Jherh lksfu;k xka/kh

;kauk fnyh- ;k 500 eqykauk iq.;kyk ?ksÅu tk.;kpk fu.kZ; vkEgh ?ksryk vkgs]

vlsgh lkafxrys- R;kosGh Jherh lksfu;k xka/kh ;kauh vfr'k; vkuan O;Dr dsyk-

R;kauh lkafxrys dh] ekÖ;k ok<fnolkP;k fno'kh eh Lor% Jhuxjyk ;sÅu ;k eqykauk

fujksi nsbZu- xqykeuch vk>kn ;kauh gk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsyk- 12 fMlsacj jksth

Jherh lksuh;k xka/kh ;kauh Hkkjrkr vkY;kuarjpk R;kapk ifgykp ok<fnol fnYyhP;k

ckgsj lktjk dsyk vlkok] rksgh tEew&dk'ehjP;k ;k vukFk eqykaP;kcjkscj- R;kaP;k

leosr vk;ksftr dsysY;k ;k dk;ZØekrwu lksfu;k xka/khauh ;k eqykauk fujksi fnyk- R;k

osGh R;kauh 'kkafrykyth o chts,lyk lkekftd dk;kZcíy iqUgk ,dnk /kU;okn

fnys-

;k 500 vukFk eqykauk o HkwdaixzLr Hkkxkrhy eqykauk iq.;kr 'kS{kf.kd

iquoZlu izdYike/;s jsYosus vk.k.;kr vkys- R;k osGh izR;sd LVs'kuoj R;kaps izpaM

Lokxr dj.îkkr vkys- vusd yksdkauh o chts,lP;k inkf/kdkÚ;kauh jLR;ke/;s ;k

lokZaph pgkik.;kph o uk"Vîkkph O;oLFkk dsyh gksrh-

T;k fno'kh ;k eqykauk iq.;kr vk.kys] R;kfno'kh ok?kksyh ;sFks ,u-Mh-,e-

,- ps mik/;{k tujy Oght] lnL; ds-,e- flax o Jh esuu ;kaP;k mifLFkrhr ;k

eqykaP;k vkxeukpk dk;ZØe >kyk- vfr'k; pkaxY;k i)rhus dk dk;ZØe >kY;kuarj

122

gh eqys ok?kksyhr jkgw ykxyh- yksdkauk eksBa vkÜp;Z okVr gksra- tSu lektkrhy dkgh

yksd rj 'kkafrykythauk Eg.kw ykxys dh] gs loZ eqys ekalkgkj dj.kkjs vkgsr- vkiY;k

laLFkse/;s 'kkdkgkjp fnyk tkrks] ex dla gks.kkj\ i.k 'kkafrykythaP;k dr`ZRokus o

R;kaP;k brjkauk letkowu lkax.;kP;k LoHkkokeqGs lxGa Bhd pkyw >kya-

chts,lus ;k eqykauk vkiY;kr lkekowu ?ksrysp gksrs o R;kaP;koj vgksjk=

esgurgh ?ksryh tkr gksrh- ijarq frdMs tEew&dk'ehje/;s ;k ?kVusps rhoz iMlkn

meVys- tEew&dk'ehjP;k yksdkauh vkiY;k eqykauk brD;k ykac egkjk"Vªkr

ikBfo.;kcíy o fo'ks"kd:u chts,l lkj[;k tSu lektkP;k ,dk laLFksdMs

ns.;koj oknfookn fuekZ.k dsyk xsyk- frdMP;k orZekui=ke/;s ;k ?kVusP;k lanHkkZr

myVs&lqyVs izokn meVw ykxys-

eqykauk fMlascje/;s iq.;kyk vk.kY;kuarj R;kapa laxksiu vfr'k; pkaxY;k

i/nrhus dj.;kr vkys- eqyagh [kw'k gksrh] R;kaP;kcjkscj vkysys f'k{kdgh [kw"k gksrs-

orZekui=ke/;s myVÓkk&lqyVÓkk ;sr vlysY;k ckrE;keqGs eq[;ea«;kauh [kkl ikg.kh

dj.;klkBh tEew&dk'ehjps nksu&rhu vk;-,-,l- vkWfQlj] ;kapa ,d iFkd

iq.;kyk ikBoys- R;kauh loZ izdkjph eqykaph vl.kkjh O;oLFkk ikgwu o loZ dkGth

?ksrY;kpa ikgwu vkuan O;Dr dsyk- v'kk i)rhus loZp xks"Vh vfr'k; O;ofLFkr

pkyY;k vlrkuk ijh{kk ns.;klkBh Eg.kwu djkjkizek.ks eqykauk tEew&dk'ehjyk ijr

ikBfo.;kr vkys- tEew&dk'ehjyk gh eqys ijr xsY;kuarj rsFkhy dkgh Lo;alsoh

laLFkkauh o rsFkhy ckj vlksfl,'kuus tEew&dk'ehjP;k gk;dksVkZe/;s fjV fiVh'ku

nk[ky d:u ;kojrh LVs feGfo.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- lq:okrhP;k dkGkr R;kauk LVs

feGkyk ukgh- ijarq tsOgk eqys ijh{kslkBh tEew&dk'ehjyk xsyh rsOgk lUekuuh; mPp

U;k;ky;kus ;k loZ laLFkkaP;k fjV fiVh'kuoj fu.kZ; nsÅu eqykauk iqUgk iq.;kyk

tk.;klkBh LFkfxrh fnyh- R;keqGs gk izdYi iq<s ljdyk ukgh- ijarq tks dkgh vuqHko

;k fufeRrkus 'kkafrykythauk vkyk rks [kwip osxGk gksrk- osxosxGîkk i)rhus]

osxosxGîkk jkT;krY;k] osxosxGîkk yksdka'kh izR;sd fo"k;koj ppkZ dj.;kph la/kh

R;kauk feGrp gksrh- R;k izR;sd la/khrwu R;kauh iq<s pkaxys dk;Z dsys-

123

fcgkjpk iwj

v'kk i)rhus tEew&dk'ehjps dk;Z lairs u lairs rksp fcgkje/;s eksBîkk

izek.kkoj iwj vkY;kph o R;keqGs 'ksdMks xkos iqjke/;s m/oLr >kY;kps ,d eksBs ladV

fcgkjoj vkys- dkslh unhyk iwj ;sÅu eksBîkk izek.kkoj foÙkgkuh R;k osGh >kyh

gksrh- ;k iqjkrgh chts,lus dke dsys ikfgts vlk vkxzg dk;ZdR;kZauh /kjyk-

tEew&dk'ehje/kwu fcgkje/;s frFkY;k usikG ckWMZji;±r tkÅu dke dj.;kph la/kh

'kkafrykythauk feGkyh- izQqYyth o 'kkafrykyth ;kauh ;k laiw.kZ Hkkxkpk nkSjk

dsY;keqGs ldkG fjfyQ QaMkP;k lgk¸;kus eksBîkk izek.koj oS|dh; lsok dj.;kph

la/kh chts,lyk izkIr >kyh-

chts,lps inkf/kdkjh Jh vHk; equksr ;kaP;k ofMykauh ,d vWEC;qyUl nsÅu

chts,lP;k dk;kZlkBh gkrHkkj ykoyk- v'kk i/nrhus chts,lus fcgkje/;s lq/nk

vkiY;k dkekpk Blk meVfoyk o eksBîkk izek.kkoj dk;Z dsys- rsFksgh tkÅu loZ

ifjfLFkrh ikg.;kph la/kh 'kkafrykythauh lksMyh ukgh- ,dw.kp ykrwjiklwu

fcgkji;±r NksVîkk&eksBîkk v'kk 13 uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s 'kkafrykythauk dke

dj.;kph la/kh feGkyh- ;k lanHkkZr laiw.kZ Hkkjrke/;s dkukdksiÚ;kr tkÅu

'kkafrykythauk dke djhrk vkya- gh ,d O;Drh d'kkizdkjph ;a=.kk mHkh djrs] dls

fu;kstu djrs o d'kk i)rhus dsysys fu;kstu vfr'k; vo?kM vlrkukgh

lq#okrhyk v'kD;izk; vl.kkjs dk;Z rh ;'kLoh djrs] gs loZ fyghr vlrkuk o

,sdr vlrkuk T;k T;k xks"Vh leksj ;sr gksR;k R;k lxGîkk ikgwu o ;k loZ

ifjfLFkrhps voyksdu d:u brdk nkaMxk vuqHko o brdh dk;Z{ke O;Drh R;kauk

ikgwu fyfg.;kph la/kh eyk feGkyh ;krp eyk lek/kku okVys-

v'kk i)rhus uSlfxZd vkiÙkh O;oLFkkiukrhy 'kkafrykythapk gk izokl

1993 lkykiklwu tks lq: >kyk rks lkrR;kus pkywp jkfgyk- e/kY;k dkGkr tsOgk

njo"khZ dksd.kke/;s iwj ;sr vls rsOgk R;k iqjxzLrkaP;k enrhlkBh 'kkafrykyth

vkiyh ;a=.kk lTt djhr vlra o rh ikBfor vlr- v'kk osGh njo"khZ rsp rsp

dke djk;yk ykxr;a gs ikgwu 'kkafrykythaP;k eukr ,d dYiuk vkyh] R;kauh vlk

fopkj dsyk dh] njosGh iwj vkY;koj vki.k enrhyk tkrks- R;k,soth gk njo"khZ iwj

124

dk ;srks\ ;kpk mxe d'kkr vkgs\ gs fdrh o"kkZiklwu lq: vkgs- ;kP;koj la'kks/ku

dsys tkos- ;kP;koj l[kksy vH;kl dsyk tkok o ;k iq<hy dkGkr ;k iwjkph rhozrk

deh gks.;klkBh vki.k dk; d: 'kdw fdaok ljdkj dk; d: 'kdsy] v'kk i)rhpk

la'kks/ku dj.;kps dke 'kkafrykythauh gkrh ?ksrya-

;klkBh R;kauh Hkkjrkrhy ,d eksBs 'kkL=K MkW- ih- clkd ;kapk 'kks/k ?ksryk-

rs dksydkR;kyk jkgr vlr- R;kauk iq.;kyk cksyfo.;kr vkys] cÚ;kp

ikBiqjkO;kuarj MkW- clkd iq.;kr vkys- rs ;k fo"k;krys rTK gksrs- dksd.kke/;s

v'kkizdkjpk iwj dk ;srks] R;kP;k ikBhekxph dkj.ka 'kks/kwu 'kkL=h;– VÓkk vH;kl

d:u] ;k lanHkkZrhy laj{kd f"Vdksu ?ks.ks v'kk izdkjpk vH;kl chts,lus dj.;kpk

fu.kZ; ?ksryk vkgs o vki.k ;k izdYikoj dke djkos v'kh fouarh MkW- clkd ;kauk

dsyh- MkW- clkd ;kauh dkgh vVh ?kkrY;k] rs iq.;kyk ;sÅ 'kdr uOgrs] Eg.kwu

R;kauh dksydkR;kyk ;klkBh vkWfQl lq: djk;pa Bjoya- rh O;oLFkk chts,lus

dsyh- R;kaP;k gkrk[kkyh LVkQ fnyk- lax.kd] Qksuph O;oLFkk o ckdh loZ ;a=.kk

fnyh- rlsp dksd.kke/;s dkgh yksd fu;qDr dsys xsys o R;kauk dksd.kke/;s Bsowu

R;kaP;kdMwu la'kks/kuklanHkkZrhy dkes d:u ?ks.;kr vkyh- MkW- clkd ;kauh R;kauk

dkekph foHkkx.kh d:u fnyh- nhM rs nksu o"ksZ gs dke lkrR;kus pkyw gksrs- R;kuarj

laiw.kZ la'kks/kukps ,d iqLrd r;kj dj.;kr vkys-

'kkafrykythauk ;krhy rkaf=d ekfgrh uOgrh ijarq izR;{k dke dj.;kP;k

lanHkkZrhy dsysys gs la'kks/ku] ;kizek.ks ifjfLFkrh] ;krY;k f'kQkj'kh cjkscj vkgsr dh

ukgh ;k loZ ckchaoj fopkj&fofue; dj.;klkBh R;kauh dksd.kk'kh lacaf/kr ,d

dfeVh LFkkiu dsyh- MkW- ih- clkd] egkjk"Vª jkT;kps ekth eq[; lfpo ek- Jh- Mh-

,e- lq[krudj] egkjk"Vª jkT;kps ekth lfpo ek- Jh- ,e- Mh- isaMls] MkW- lqcks/k

okxGs] Jh- fot; tksxGsdj o ik.kh O;oLFkkiukrhy rTK ek- lrh'k dker] T;s"B

i=dkj v'kk rTK yksdkaph lferh LFkkiwu R;kaP;k dkgh cSBdk iq.ks ;sFks ?ksrY;k-

laiw.kZ vgoky R;kauk okpk;yk fnyk o R;koj R;kaP;k lwpuk ?ksÅu

lfoLrji.ks ppkZ d:u dksd.k iwjkojhy ,d foLr`r vgoky chts,lP;k ek/;ekus

r;kj dj.;kr vkyk- Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu ;kaP;kcjkscj dksd.kkrys ,d ea=h Jh-

125

HkkLdjth tk/ko ;kapk rks ernkj la?k ;sr vlY;keqGs R;kaP;kdMs gk vgoky lqiwnZ

dj.;kr vkyk o R;kuarj ;k lanHkkZr ikBiqjkokgh dj.;kr vkyk-

ijarq R;koj iq<s dqBykgh fu.kZ; >kyk ukgh- v|kii;±r rjh ;k fo"k;koj

dk; djkos ;kojgh chts,lus dqBykgh fu.kZ; ?ksrysyk ukgh- v'kkizdkjs iqjkeqGs

gks.kkÚ;k vkiÙkhP;k lanHkkZr [kksyoj lfoLrj la'kks/ku d:u] R;kpk vgoky r;kj

d:ugh R;kpk vtqui;±r dkgh mi;ksx >kyk ukgh ;kph [kar 'kkafrykythauk uDdhp

vkgs- ijarq gs dke dsY;kps lek/kkugh okVr vkgs- d/kh uk d/kh dks.khrjh O;Drh ;kpk

mi;ksx d:u ?ksbZy o dksd.kkrY;k iqjkP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s cny ?kMowu vk.kw 'kdsy

vlk fo'okl 'kkafrykythauk vktgh okVr vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZ vkrki;±r uSlfxZd

vkiÙkhe/;s enrdk;Z djhr vlrkuk vkiÙkhiwohZgh vki.k dkgh d: 'kdw dk\ ;k

egÙokP;k ckchoj R;kauh y{k dsafnzr dsys- v'kk i)rhus 'kkafrykyth vkiÙkhe/;s

dke djhrp jkfgys-

126

'kkafrykythaP;k lkekftd dk;kZph ?kksMnkSM iq<s pkywp jkfgyh-

,dkekxksekx ,d v'kk uSlfxZd vkiÙkhe/;s O;oLFkkiukps dke dj.ks] vkiÙkhxzLr

Hkkxkr tk.ks] dk;ZdR;kZauk izksRlkfgr dj.ks] enrdk;Z d:u ?ks.ks gs loZ dke

,dhdMwu pkyw gksrs- rj nqljhdMwu Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusP;k egkjk"Vª o NRrhlx< ;k

nksUgh jkT;ke/;s izR;sd [ksMÓkk&ikMÓkkr 'kk[kk LFkkiu >kysY;k gksR;k o LFkkfud

dk;ZdrsZ R;kaP;k ikrGhoj eksBîkkizek.kkoj osxosxGs lkekftd dk;Z djhrp gksrs-

frljhdMs 1985 iklwu 1993 i;±r dke djhr vlysY;k laLFksph 1993 e/;s

uksan.kh d:u rh O;ofLFkri.ks iq<s pkyoyh- pkSFkhdMwu ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu

izdYike/;s osxosxGîkk lqfo/kk dj.;kr vkY;k o ikpohdMwu Lor%pk O;olk; deh

deh djhr tkLrhrtkLr osG lkekftd dk;kZlkBh ns.ks v'kk ikp&lkr osxosxGîkk

ikrGÓkkaoj 'kkafrykythaph vkiY;k thoukph y<kbZ y<.ks pkyw gksrs-

1985 iklwu R;kauh O;olk;ke/kwu 50 VDds vkf.k 1995&96 P;k

vklikl 90 VDds fuo`Ùkh Lohdkjyh- Eg.ktsp R;kaP;kdMs T;k dkgh tkxk ?ksÅu

BsoysY;k gksR;k] rso<Ókk lksMY;k rj R;kauh ckdh dqBysgh uohu dke dsya ukgh-

1995&96 uarj rj 'kkafrykythauh toG toG O;olk; canp dsY;klkj[ka gksra-

ijarq 'kkafrykyth vfr'k; prqj gksrs- vkiY;k lkekftd dk;kZlkBh iSlkgh eksBîkk

izek.kkoj ykxsy gs x`ghr /k:u R;kauh iq.;kr rhu&pkj vk;-Vh- vkWQhlsllkBh

bekjrh cka/kwu] R;k HkkMÓkkus nsÅu] R;kiklwu dkgh mRiUu feGw 'kdsy v'kh ;kstuk

ek= vk[kwu Bsoyh- T;keqGs rs tjh O;oLkk;kr dk;Zjr ulys] O;olk;klkBh tkLr

osG nsÅ 'kdys ulys rjh mRiUu ek= ;sr gksra-

;k loZ xks"Vh djrk djrk vki.k 1985 lkykiklwu 2002 lkyki;±r ;k

17 o"kkZr useda dk; dsya] fdrh eksBÓkk izek.kkoj dsys] d'kk i)rhus dsys ;kcíy

vkReijh{k.k] voyksdu d:u] ys[kktks[kk r;kj d:u R;kauh vfr'k; xkaHkh;kZus

fopkj dsyk-

19 : gVam dfm©Mo AmË_narjU

127

;kcíy 'kkafrykythauk tsOgk eh iz'u fopkjyk dh gs ts rqEgh vkReijh{k.k

dsys Eg.krk] rs d'kk i)rhus dsys o gs dj.;kph osG rqeP;koj dk vkyh o ;krwu

rqEgh fu"iUu dk; dsys gs rqEgh rqeP;k 'kCnkrp lkaxk- rsOgk R;kauh ts lakfxrys] ^^eh

17 o"kkZiklwu Eg.ktsp 1985 iklwu 2002 i;±r lkekftd dkeke/;s iw.kZ lgHkkx

?ksrysyk vkgs- Hkjiwj vuqHko ?ksrysys vkgsr- egkjk"Vª ik;h fiatwu dk<ysyk vkgs-

dk;ZdR;kZauk vksG[k.;kph dyk voxr >kY;kus] ;ksX; dk;ZdR;kZph fuoM

dj.;ke/;s eh ;'kLoh gksr vkgs- oSokfgd iz'ukojrh eh eksBîkk izek.kkr mik;;kstuk

d:u lkewfgd fookg] o/kw&oj esGkO;kP;k lanHkkZr eksBîkk izek.kkoj pGoG fuekZ.k

dsyh- osxosxGîkk uSlfxZd vkiÙkhr eh ;'kLohjhR;k dke djhr xsyks- ok?kksyhP;k

'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikps fu;kstu O;ofLFkr lq: vkgs- R;keqGs eh 17 o"kk±r ts

dkgh dsys R;kP;kr eh lek/kkuh vkgs dk\ vlk iz'u tj eyk dks.kh fopkjyk fdaok

ekÖ;k dk;ZdR;kZayk dks.kh iz'u fopkjyk rj R;kpa mRrj gks] gsp feG.kkj] gs 100

VDds- dkj.k ts dkgh dke mHks jkfgys gksrs] T;k dkekpk Blk loZ fBdk.kh fnlwu

;k;yk ikfgts gksrk] rks fnlwu ;sr gksrk R;keqGs fuf’prp vki.k lek/kku ekuk;yk

ikfgts v'khp ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh-

ijarq brds lxGs ;'k laiknu d:ugh eh Lor% vLoLFk gksrks- dkj.k

egkjk"VªHkj o HkkjrHkj fQ:u [ksMîkkikMîkke/;s yksdkaP;k vMhvMp.kh fdrh vkgsr]

gs ikgwu Hkkjrke/;s pkaxys lkekftd dke dj.;klkBh vkiY;kyk eksBk oko vkgs-

vkrk vki.k ;k 17 o"kkZr osxosxGîkk i)rhus dke d:u ;'k laiknu dsY;keqGs

vki.k dkghrjh d: 'kdrks ;kph [kk=h o 'kk'orhgh vkiY;kyk o brjkauk >kysyh

vkgs- vkiyh dk;Z{kerk fl) >kyh vkgs- vkiY;k dk;kZrhy izkekf.kdi.kk vkrk

yksdkaP;k leksj vkgs- dks.krsgh eksBs vkOgku isy.;klkBh dk;ZdR;kZaph vQkV 'kDrh

o rkdn o QGh vkiY;kdMs r;kj vkgs- gh ,d egÙokph ckc vkgs- v'kk

ifjfLFkrhr tjh vki.k vkrki;±r dsysys dke gs eksBs o pkaxys vlys rjhlq/nk vki.k

;k iq<hy dkGkr vk.k[kh [kwi eksBs LoIu ikfgys ikfgts o useda dke gkrkr ?ksrys

ikfgts o R;k dkekP;k vkre/;s [kksyoj xsya ikfgts o R;krwu dkghrjh eksBs dke

fuekZ.k djrk vkys ikfgts vls ekÖ;k eukr lkj[ks okVr gksrs-

128

eyk vk.k[kh ,dk ckchph [kar okVr gksrh dh] lkewfgd fookg o o/kw&oj

esGkO;kph pGoG gh tSu lektkiklwu lq: d:u] ekÖ;k ?kjkiklwu d:u] ekÖ;k

eqyk&eqyhps yXu R;kr d:u] iw.kZ egkjk"Vª ik;h fQ:u gh pGoG foLrkj.;ke/;s

eh [kkjhpk okVk fnyk gksrk- ijarq T;k i)rhus laiw.kZ Hkkjrke/;s eh mHkh dsyh vkgs

;klanHkkZrhy izfØ;k fdaok izpkj&izlkj fdaok R;kph ^cWz.M fcfYMax* dj.;ke/;s

vi;'kh Bjyks gksrks- dke t:j dsys gksrs ijarq R;kph ^czW.M fcfYMax* dsysyh uOgrh-

R;keqGs dke dsY;kps lek/kku 100 VDds gksrs- ijarq dkghrjh v/kqjs jkfgys vkgs] rs

riklys ikfgts vls lkrR;kus okVr gksrs-

nqlÚ;k ,dk xks"Vhph [kar okVr gksrh dh] eh dke rj tkLr djhr gksrks]

dk;ZdrsZgh dke djhr gksrs- ijarq ;k loZ dk;kZP;k uksanh] eqnz.k] vgokya]

ys[kk&tks[kk gs T;k i)rhus eh Bsok;yk ikfgts gksrs] R;k i)rhus eh ;kP;ke/;s

dkghgh d: 'kdyks ukgh- gh ,d [kar eyk uDdhp okVyh- frljh ,d [kar eyk

okVyh dh] eh dke djhr vlrkuk] dke dj.;kpk ek>k vkokdk tjh eksBk vlyk

rjh ekÖ;k gkrk[kkyh QDr ,d&nksup deZpkjh gksrs o gs dk;Z eh R;kaP;k tksjkojp

djhr vls- tj brds eksBs dke vkiY;k gkrwu dsys tkr vlsy rj gs dke djhr

vlrkuk rs O;kolkf;d i)rhus dsys ikfgts- R;kP;ke/;s loZ izfØ;k letwu ?ksrY;k

ikfgtsr-

;k loZ ckche/kwu eh v{kj'k% dkghgh dsys uOgrs- R;keqGs eh tsOgk 17

o"kkZuarj 2002 lkyh vkReijh{k.k dsya rsOgk ek>s dkgh lgdkjh ekÖ;k cjkscj

ppsZyk clys gksrs- R;kiSdh Jh izdk'kpanth lqjk.kk ts tGxkoP;k cksnoM ;sFks jkg.kkjs

odhy vkgsr rs 1985&86 lkykiklwu ekÖ;k laidkZr vkgsr- ekÖ;kcjkscj laiw.kZ

HkkjrHkj Hkjiwj nkSjs R;kauh dsys gksrs- rlsp R;kaP;kcjkscj izQqYy ikj[k] lqn'kZu tSu

vls 10&12 dk;ZdrsZ ppsZlkBh clr rsOgk ;k ppsZe/;s eh lkaxr vls dh] vki.k ts

dkgh djhr vkgksr R;kP;kus ek>a lek/kku ukgh- izdk'kpanthlg loZ dk;ZdrsZ ¼rs

loZt.k eyk iszekus HkkÅ Eg.kr½ eyk Eg.kr] ^^HkkÅ] vki.k ,o<s dke dsys]

vkrki;±r brds dke lektkr dks.kh dsys ukgh] vki.k ,o<h la?kVuk ok<foyh] brds

129

dk;ZdrsZ lxGhdMs dke djrkr rjh rqEgh lek/kkuh dk ukgh\**

[kkl d:u R;k osGh ;orekG fuoklh loZJh egsanz lqjk.kk] lqHkk"k

vkpfy;k] vkSjaxkcknps rulq[k >kacM] xkSre lapsrh] chMps furhu dksVspk] jktsanz

equksr] ukansMps vkseizdk'k iks[k.kkZ] ck'khZps vkseizdk'k ckQuk] flYyksMps dkarhyky

vksLroky] ekysxkops xksdqG pksjfM;k] ?ksojpan dkadfj;k] NÙkhlx<e/;s th-lh- tSu]

egs'k dksBkjh vls vusd yksd lkrR;kus [kwi dke djhr-

rs loZt.k Eg.kr dh] vki.k lek/kkuh vkgksr vkf.k vkiys dke vfr'k;

pkaxys pkyya;- ijarq Jh- izdk'kpan lqjk.kkcjkscj lrr ek>k oknfookn gksr vls

vkf.k eh R;kauk lkaxr vls dh] vki.k vk.k[kh [kwi dke dsys ikfgts] ;kP;kr

vk.k[kh lq/kkj.kk djk;yk ikfgts- izdk'kpanthlg ckdh loZt.k vkrki;±r >kysY;k

dk;kZoj rs larq"V gksr o vkiY;kyk uohu dkgh djk;ph xjt ukgh vla rs lkrR;kus

lkaxr vlr-

ijarq eh vLoLFk gksrks vkf.k eh th [kar O;Dr dsyh R;kP;krwu dkghrjh

ekxZ dk<yk ikfgts vla eyk okVw ykxya- vk.k[kh ,d lokZr egŸokph xks"V ekÖ;k

fun'kZukyk vkyh rh Eg.kts ;k iq<s ts dke djk;ps rs ,d ^Qksdl* leksj Bsowu

djk;ps- Eg.kts eh tj vls Eg.kr vlsy dh vkrk vkiY;kyk tj dke djk;ps

vlsy rs d'kk i/nrhus djk;yk ikfgts- rj gs dke djrkuk rhu xks"Vh lkrR;kus

y{kkr ?ksrY;k ikfgtsr] dks.kR;k rhu xks"Vh\ ^,d xks"V Qksdl] nqljh xks"V Qksdl

vkf.k frljh xks"V Qksdl* Eg.kts vkiY;k dkeke/;s Qksdl ikfgts- Eg.kts vki.k

tkLr eksBs dke d: 'kdw- vU;Fkk d/kh gs dsya] d/kh rs dsya vls tj vki.k osxosxGs

dke djhr jkfgyks rj vki.k d'kkrp ,DliVZ gksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh- ex vkiY;k

{kerspk mi;ksx vkf.k okij T;k i)rhus ns'kkyk gks.ks visf{kr vkgs] rs gks.kkj ukgh

vla eyk okVr gksra- R;keqGs eh ;k loZ xks"Vhps vfr'k; [kksyoj vkRefparu dsys]

vkReijh{k.k dsys] voyksdu dsys] >kysY;k pqdk leksj vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk]

uohu djk;P;k xks"Vh d'kk dsY;k ikfgtsr ;koj fopkj djhr jkfgyks-

Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuse/;s gs lkekftd dke 1985 lkykiklwu lq:

130

dsY;kuarj 1985&93 ;k vkB o"kkZe/;s ,dk fof'k"V izdkjkus chts,l dke djhr

gksrh fdaok eh dke djhr gksrks- rs QDr oSokfgd iz'ukoj y{k nsÅu- la?kVuspk rks

,d ekbZyLVksu&VIik gksrk- 1993 lkyh ekÖ;k vk;q";ke/;s ^VfuZax ikWb±V* vkyk-

ykrwjP;k HkwdaikeqGs vkiÙkh O;oLFkkiu o eqykaP;k 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikeqGs

f'k{k.k gs nksu osxGs foHkkx 1993 lkyh ekÖ;k vk;q";kr vkys- b- l- 2002 e/;s

ek>s o; 48 o"kk±ps gksrs- ekÖ;k o;kP;k 48 O;k o"khZ eyk 17 o"kk±pk iznh?kZ vuqHko

vkysyk gksrk- Eg.kwu bFkwu iq<P;k dkGkr ts dke gkrkr ?ksrys tkbZy rs dke

dj.;klkBh eyk dehr deh 15&20 o"ksZ feGkyh rj ;k ns'kkr dks.kR;kgh eksBîkk

ifjorZuklkBh gk dkyko/kh fufÜprp iqjslk vkgs- vlk fopkj d:u vkrk ek=

^Qksdl* dke d:u eksBîkk izek.kkojrh dj.;kpk fu.kZ; gk ,d ekÖ;k vk;q";krhy

^VfuZax ikWb±V* Eg.kwu eh c?kw ykxyks vkf.k R;k n`"Vhus eh ek>h fn'kk uDdh

dj.;klkBh iz;Ru d: ykxyks- rsOgk eh dk; fu.kZ; ?;k;yk ikfgts gk fopkj ekÖ;k

eukr ;sr gksrk-

b- l- 2002 e/;s eh ,d xks"V fufÜpr dsysyh gksrh- tj vkiY;kyk

Hkkjrke/;s vkewykxz cny ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh iw.kZi.ks vk;q";Hkj dke djk;ps

vlsy o ,dp {ks= ?ksÅu R;kP;krp dke djk;ps vlsy rj vki.k f'k{k.k ;k {ks=kr

dke djk;yk ikfgts- dkj.k f'k{k.kkeqGsp [kwi dkgh cny ?kMw 'kdrhy- Hkkjrkph

yksdla[;k lxGîkkr tkLr vlY;keqGs ;k yksdkauk l{ke cuo.ks] lqf'kf{kr cuo.ks]

lqlaLÑr cuo.ks- gs dke tj vki.k d: 'kdyks rj nqljs dqBysgh dke dj.;kph

vko';drk Hkkl.kkj ukgh- tsOgk eh f'k{k.k {ks=kr dke dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk vkf.k

ekÖ;k dkgh fe=eaMGhapk lYyk ?ksryk] vusd yksd eyk lkaxw ykxys dh] rqEgh

iq.;ke/;s v'kh ,d pkaxyh 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk lq: djk dh th laiw.kZ ns'kke/;s pkaxyh

ukoktysyh vlsy o R;krwu pkaxys f'k{k.k eqykauk fnys tkbZy- dkj.k r'kh rqeP;kr

{kerk vkgs- R;koj eh [kwi fopkj dsyk vkf.k Bjfoys dh] vkiY;kyk mPp

f'k{k.kke/;s dke ukgh djk;pa-

;koj eh l[kksy fopkj dsyk rsOgk vls y{kkr vkys dh tj ,[kkns eksBs

,e-ch-,-ps] O;oLFkkiukps] baftfuvfjaxps dkWyst lq: dsys rj eyk iq.;kr tkxk

131

?;koh ykxsy] R;klkBh pkaxys cka/kdke djkos ykxsy] pkaxys QfuZpj vk.kkos ykxsy]

pkaxys mPp f'kf{kr f'k{kd usekos ykxrhy- gs lxGs dsY;kuarj eqykauk izos'k |kok

ykxsy- vkf.k tj eh brds pkaxys QfuZpj vk.kys] brdh pkaxyh DokfyVh Bsoyh rj

eqykauk f'k{k.k nsrkuk R;kaP;kdMwu eyk ns.kxhP;k :ikus Hkjiwj fu/kh |kok ykxsy o rks

ns.;kph {kerk QDr Jhear yksdkaP;kdMs vlw 'kdrs- fdaok ek>h Qh tkLr vlsy o

ekÖ;kdMs ;s.kkjk eqyxk QDr Jhearkpk vlsy-

eh tjh laLFkk fdrhgh pkaxyh pkyoyh rjh laLFkk mHkh djk;yk 5&7 o"ksZ

ykxrkr- R;kr izos'k nsÅu vkiys izkWMDV ckgsj dk<k;yk vk.k[kh 5&7 o"ksZ

ykxrhy- Eg.kts 15&20 o"ksZ vki.k dke dsY;kuarj vki.k 20 o"kkZr fdrh

eqykaP;klkBh dke d: 'kdw\ ,d gtkj] nksu gtkj] rhu gtkj] pkj gtkj] ikp

gtkj\ ;kP;kis{kk eqykaph la[;k tkLr gks.kkj ukgh- vkiY;kdMs yksdla[;k brdh

eksBh vkgs dh] R;krwu eh tj QDr ikp gtkj eqykalkBhp ek>a dkS'kY;] ek>a Mksda]

ek>h {kerk okijkoh ;kr eyk dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk jl uOgrk- eyk loZlkekU;

turslkBh lksbZps vls] mi;qDr Bjsy vla dkghrjh djk;ps gksrs- eyk dqBykgh ns.kxh

|koh ykxsy vls fdaok tkLr Qh |koh ykxsy vlk vH;klØe pkyw dj.;ke/;s jl

uOgrk- f'k{k.kkdMs ikg.;kpk –f"Vdksu O;olkf;d ulkok rj lkekftd o 'kS{kf.kd

vlkok vls ek>s er gksrs-

2002 lkyke/;s Hkkjrkr ckjk yk[k 'kkGk gksR;k vkf.k ohl gtkj

dkWystsl gksrh- ohl gtkj dkWystsle/;s lq/nk ikp&lkr gtkj O;kolkf;d dkWystsl

gksrh- R;kaP;krgh mPp f'k{k.kkpk fopkj dj.;kpk eh iz;Ru dsyk rsOgk tkLrhrtkLr

mPp f'k{k.k gs [kktxh laLFkkaP;k ek/;ekus fnys tkr vkgs- Eg.kts T;k fBdk.kh eksBîkk

izek.kkojph Li/kkZ vkgs] T;k fBdk.kh iS'kklkBhph Li/kkZ vkgs R;k fBdk.kh eyk dke

dj.;kpk eqGhp jl uOgrk- dkj.k eyk iSlkp deok;pk vlrk rj ekÖ;k Lor%pk

brdk pkaxY;k xqMfoypk O;olk; eh lksMyk ulrk- R;keqGs iSlk defo.;klkBh ;k

f'k{k.k {ks=ke/;s vkysyks ukgh vlk eh eukseu fopkj d: ykxyks-

eh nqljk fopkj vlk dsyk dh] tj vkiY;k vuqHkokpk] vkiY;k

cqf)eÙkspk okijp djk;pk vlsy rj rks vki.k izkFkfed f'k{k.kke/;s djk;pk

132

ts.ksd:u ;k fBdk.kh eqykaph la[;k tkLr vlrs- mPp f'k{k.kke/;s DokfyVh

,T;qds'ku Qkjp pkaxys vkgs- rs vk.k[khp ok<r tk.kkj vkgs- ijns'kkrY;kgh laLFkk

bFks ;srhy] ijarq mPp f'k{k.kke/;s izos'k ?ks.kkjk eqyxk&eqyxh gs ngkoh fdaok ckjkoh

rjh ikl >kys ikfgtsr- ngkoh o ckjkohpk ik;k tj HkDde vlsy rj R;kaP;klkBh

[kwip lksia gksbZy Eg.kwu eh ik;k HkDde dj.;kpk fopkj dsyk-

mPp f'k{k.kkr dke dj.;kP;k ekÖ;k bPNsojrh fdaok yksdkauh fnysY;k

lYY;kojrh Qqyh ekjyh- ex 'kkys; f'k{k.kkdfjrk dke dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr

vkyk- ex iqUgk vusd yksd eyk lYyk nsr gksrs dh] tj rqEgkyk 'kkys; f'k{k.kkr

dke djk;pa vlsy rj pkaxY;k izdkjph] vkarjjk"Vªh; ntkZph mRÑ"V 'kkGk mHkh

djk- ts.ksd:u gh 'kkGk Hkkjrke/ks pkaxyh >kyh ikfgts- eh fopkj d: ykxyks]

v'kk izdkjP;k 'kkGkaph xjt vkgs dk\ rj rh 'kaHkj VDds vkgs gs eh ekU; dsys- ijarq

eh tsOgk HkkjrkP;k f'k{k.kkph vkdMsokjh ikfgyh rsOgk vls y{kkr vkys dh b- l-

2002 e/;s ckjk yk[k 'kkGk gksR;k vkf.k ckjk yk[k 'kkGkae/;s 90 rs 95 VDds

'kkGk ;k 'kkldh; laLFkkaP;k ekQZr pkyfoY;k tkr gksR;k- 5 rs 10 VDds 'kkGk ;k

[kktxh laLFkk pkyfor gksR;k- Eg.kts ;kpk vFkZ vlk gksrk dh 95 VDds f'k{k.k ;k

ns'kkr gs ljdkjP;k ek/;ekus fnys tkr vkgs vkf.k T;k dkgh 'kgjke/;s vki.k

[kktxh 'kkGk ikgrks] ukoktysY;k 'kkGk ikgrks] ftFks vkiyh eqys tkrkr v'kk

'kkGk ;k ns'kkr QDr 5&10 VDds vkgsr- gs tsOgk eh letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk

rsOgk ek>s MksGs m?kMys- vkf.k ekÖ;k eukus eyk iz'u dsyk] ^vjs ckck tj 90 &

95 VDds 'kkGk ljdkjP;k vlrhy vkf.k rqEgh&vkEgh f'kdrks R;k 'kkGk 5&10

VDdsp vlrhy rj ljdkjP;k 'kkGsph xq.koÙkk ok<fo.;kpa dke gs rj lxGîkkr

eksBs jk"Vªh; dke Ogkos-

eh vk.k[kh tkLr [kksykr tk.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk rsOgk eyk vlsgh dGys

dh ;k izkFkfed 'kkGkaph la[;k Hkkjrkr lxGîkkr tkLr vkgs- izkFkfed 'kkGk Hkkjrkr

izR;sd oLrhr] okMhr mHkh vkgs- Hkkjrkr jkg.kkÚ;k izR;sd O;Drhyk ,d fdaok nksu

fdyksehVjis{kk deh varjkoj 'kkGk miyC/k vkgs- gh lxGh vkdMsokjh ikgwu eh

133

v{kj'k% FkDd >kyks- vkf.k ;k loZ [ksMîkkikMîkkaP;k 'kkGkae/;s oxkZrhy eqykaph

la[;k vxnh ikp] ngk] ia/kjk] ohl v'kh vkgs- ftYgk ifj"knsP;k ’kkGkae/;s ljkljh

eqykaph la[;k 20 rs 30 P;k njE;ku vkgs- v'kk 'kkGkaph la[;k lxGîkkr tkLr

vkgs- Eg.kts bFks rj dks.kh [kktxh laLFkk ;sÅ 'kdr ukgh- dkj.k R;k [kktxh laLFkk

pkydkyk] [ksMîkkikMîkkr tk.;kr jl vl.kkj ukgh- tjh rks [ksMîkkikMîkkr xsyk rj

rsFks eqykaph la[;k ,dne deh vl.kkj vkgs- vkf.k tjh [ksMÓkkr tk.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk rjh R;kP;krwu R;kyk dkghgh iSlk feG.kkj ukgh- dkj.k bFks loZlkekU; xjhc

turk jkgrs Eg.kwu ;kP;ke/;s [kktxh laLFkk ;s.;kojrh [kwi eksBîkk e;kZnk vkgsr

vlk eh fopkj dsyk- ekÖ;k MksD;ke/;s [kwi fopkjkapa }a} 2002 lkyh mHka jkfgya-

;k loZ xks"Vhapk vfr'k; ckjdkbZus vH;kl d:up eh gk fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh

2002 lkykiklwu eh ek>a iw.kZ vk;q"; vkf.k ek>k R;kP;k vk/khpk 17 o"kkZpk

vuqHko] dk;ZdrsZ] iSlk] /kksj.k] cqf)eÙkk ;k lxGîkk xks"Vh ,dkp fBdk.kh [kpZ

djk;P;k vkgsr vkf.k R;k Eg.kts HkkjrkrY;k 'kkys; f'k{k.kke/;s vkewykxz ifjorZu]

^vkewykxz ifjorZu* vkf.k ^vkewykxz ifjorZu*- ifjorZu gk ,dp /;kl eh ?ksryk

vkf.k ekÖ;k eukrhy }a} laiya- v'kk izdkjs 'kkys; f'k{k.k {ks=kr dke dj.;kpk eh

Bke fu.kZ; ?ksryk-**

134

’kkafrykythauh 17 o"kk±P;k R;kaP;k lkekftd dk;kZP;k iznh?kZ vuqHkokuarj

eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkReijh{k.k d:u] vkRefparu d:u dk; djk;yk ikfgts] d'kk

i/nrhus djk;yk ikfgts] Qksdl dqBa djk;yk ikfgts] >kysY;k pqdk nq#Lr d'kk

dsY;k ikfgtsr ;k loZ ckchaoj y{k dsafnzr dsys- [kksyoj vkReijh{k.k dsY;kuarj

vFkkZrp R;kauh vkrk 'kkys; f'k{k.k {ks=ke/;s 2002 iklwups R;kaps laiw.kZ moZfjr

vk;q"; lefiZr dj.;kpk fu/kkZj O;Dr dsyk- rs dke vfr'k; [kksyoj tkÅu]

la'kks/ku d:u] vuqHkoh yksdkauk usewu o O;kolkf;d i/nrhusp djk;ps Bjfoys-

;kosGh R;kaP;kiq<s vl.kkjh vkOgkua fdrh gksrh] dks.kR;k izdkjph gksrh o

R;kauh vkiya dke dj.;kps /kksj.k dls vk[kys gs loZ letwu ?ks.;kph ek>h mRlqdrk

[kwip ok<yh- eh 'kkafrykythauk fopkjys] dh 'kkys; f'k{k.k {ks=kr dke dj.;kpk

fu.kZ; rqEgh ?ksryk vlrkuk rksgh QDr ljdkjh 'kkGk MksGîkkleksj Bsowu- gs ,d eksBa

vkOgkukRed dke vkgs- dkj.k dqBY;kgh ljdkjh 'kkGse/;s ckgsjP;k ek.klkauh dke

dj.;ke/;s fdrh e;kZnk ;sÅ 'kdrhy vkf.k rqEgh frFks tkÅu dk; dj.kkj vkf.k

xsykr rj fdrh 'kkGkae/;s tkÅ 'kd.kkj vlk iz'u leksj mHkk jkgrks- T;k fBdk.kh

vkiys laca/k vlrkr v'kk ikp&ngk 'kkGkae/;s tkÅu fdaok R;kis{kk tkLr

'kkGkae/;s tkÅu rqEgh useda d'kk i/nrhus dke d: 'kd.kkj\ ;k iz'ukyk

'kkafrykythauh ts mRrj fnys rs vls gksrs ^^eh 'kkys; f'k{k.k {ks=ke/;s dke dj.;kpk

fu.kZ; ?ksrkuk eyk v'kkizdkjps dke djk;ps gksrs dh] ts.ksd:u ,dk fBdk.kh clwu

eh ftYgk ifj"knsP;k] uxjikfydsP;k] egkuxjikfydsP;k 'kkGkaph xq.koÙkk

lq/kkj.;klkBh dk; d: 'kdsu o d'kk i/nrhus d: 'kdsu ;kfo"k;h loZizFke fopkj

lq: dsyk-

vusd fBdk.kh yksdkaP;k Hkk"k.kkrwu eh ,sdya gksra dh vkiY;kdMs

f'k{kdkaph xq.koÙkk pkaxyh ukgh] vki.k f'k{kd cnyys ikfgtsr] Eg.kts f'k{k.k

{ks=ke/;s Qjd iMsy- i.k f'k{kdkauk vki.k dkeko:u dk<w 'kdr ukgh- v'kk

20 : e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_(EÁ`wHo$eZ ¹$m{bQ>r Båàyìh_|Q> àmoJ«m_)

135

i)rhus cksy.ks vkf.k izR;{kkr ,dkgh f'k{kdkyk tj dks.kh dkeko:u dk<w 'kdr

ulsy rj R;k cksy.;kyk dkgh vFkZ jkgkr ukgh- R;keqGs vkgs ;k f'k{kdkph xq.koÙkk

vki.k d'kk i)rhus cnyw 'kdw ;koj Hkj ns.;kpk eh iz;Ru dsyk- [ksMîkkikMîkkrY;k

ik;kHkwr xks"Vhae/;s Qkj deh vo/khr tkLr cny djrk ;sÅ 'kdr ukgh- ;klkBh ts

fo|kFkhZ vkgsr R;k fo|kF;kZalkBh vki.k dk; d: 'kdw v'kk osxosxGîkk i)rhps

fopkj ekÖ;k eukr ;sr gksrs- gs fopkjeaFku djhr vlrkuk vls okVr gksrs dh vki.k

gs d: 'kd.kkj ukgh- gs lxGa dj.ka vfr'k; vo?kM vkgs vkf.k ;kph eyk izfprh

;sr gksrh- ijarq rjh lq)k ;k fn'ksus tk;pk fu.kZ; ?ksryk vlY;keqGs lq#okrhyk

vo?kM okV.kkjh dkealq/nk dsY;kf'kok; i;kZ; ukgh vlk eh fopkj dsyk- ijarq gs

dke djrkuk ekÖ;k fun'kZukyk vkys gksrs dh] bFks dehrdeh 20&25 o"ksZ dke

dsY;kf'kok; yksdkauk vkiY;k dkekpk ifj.kke fnlwu ;s.kkj ukgh- ijarq brdk eksBk

la;e vkiY;kyk Bsok;yk ikfgts gs ek= ekÖ;k R;kp {k.kkyk y{kkr vkya gksra-

eh rlk 2002 i;±rlq)k vusd fBdk.kh fQjr gksrks- R;keqGs cÚ;kp

fBdk.kP;k xks"Vh c?kwu f'kdr vls- Hkkjrke/;s 1995&96 lkykiklwu mPp

f'k{k.kkyk dkWyste/;s uWd vWfØfMVs'ku gksr vls- ljdkjP;k uohu /kksj.kkeqGs o

iz;RukeqGs gh ;kstuk ;'kLoh >kyh gksrh- 'kkGslkBh v'kh i/nr vkgs dk gh ekfgrh

?ks.;kpk eh vrksukr iz;Ru dsyk- ijarq Hkkjrke/;s 'kkGslkBh ns'kikrGhoj]

jkT;ikrGhoj] ljdkjh 'kkGk] [kktxh 'kkGk ;kiSdh dqBsgh vWfØfMVs'kuph flfLVe

vfLrÙokr uOgrh- vkf.k vWfØfMVs'ku gk rj 'kkGsP;k DokfyVhpk lxGîkkr ifgyk

vkf.k HkDde vlk ik;k vkgs- ex eyk okVya] gh flfLVe vki.k r;kj d: 'kdw

dk\ ek>a rj dkgh rs {ks= uOgra- ijarq vkrk f'k{k.k {ks=ke/;s dke djk;pa EgVY;kuarj

gh dkea R;k R;k {ks=krhy rTK yksd vkiY;k is&jksyoj ?ksÅu vkiY;k dYiuk

R;kaP;kiq<s ekaMwu] R;kizek.ks R;kaP;kdMwu vkiY;kyk gos rls dke d:u ?ksÅu ex

vki.k iq<s tk;pa vlk fu.kZ; eh R;k osGh ?ksryk vkf.k gk fu.kZ; ?ksr vlrkuk

vWfØfMVs'ku gs dk egÙokpa vkgs] rj vWfØfMVs'kueqGs 'kkGsph ifjfLFkrh d'kh vkgs gs

let.kkj gksrs-

R;klkBh dkgh izksxzkEl r;kj djk;yk gosr vlk fopkj R;kosGh eh dsyk o

12&15 izksxzke r;kj dsys- ;k lok±uk feGwu eh R;kyk uko fnya- ^,T;qds'kuy

136

DokfyVh bEizqOgesaV izksxzke* ,MÓkqfDoi vlk R;kpk 'kkWVZQkWeZ r;kj dsyk- gs lxGa

>kY;koj Eg.kts vkrk eh dke dls dsys ikfgts ;kP;klkBh izksxzke r;kj dsys

ikfgtsr gk fopkj lq: >kyk- gs lxGs izksxzke r;kj d:u 'kkGse/;s jkcfoys ikfgtsr-

Eg.kts ;kpk vFkZ vlk vki.k ,ds fBdk.kh clwu vkiyh 'kDrh] {kerk] cqf)eÙkk

dkekyk ykowu] vkiY;k gkrkrhy lk/kukapk mi;ksx d:u v'kkizdkjpk izksxzke

fM>kbu djk;pk dh tks izksxzke HkkjrkrY;k ckjk yk[k 'kkGkaP;ke/;s ykxw gksÅ

'kdsy-**

'kkafrykythaP;k mÙkjkeqGs R;kaph nwjn`"Vh fufÜprp vkiY;kleksj ;srs- fdrh

ckjdkbZus fopkj d:u R;kaP;k vuqHkokpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu o laiw.kZ R;kaph dk;Zdq'kyrk

i.kkyk ykowu R;kauh d'kk i)rhus ldkjkRed –f"Vdksu leksj Bsoyk o iw.kZ ;kstuk gh

ekÖ;kleksj ekaMyh-

R;kuarj eh 'kkafrykythauk R;kauh lkafxrysY;k loZ ckchapa fparu d:u

gk iz'u fopkjyk dh] ts dkgh dke vki.k dj.;kps fu;kstu

djhr vkgkr] iz;Ru djhr vkgkr gs rj 'kklukps dke vkgs] gs 'kklukus dsys ikfgts]

'kklukps R;klkBh ,d osxGa [kkra vkgs] R;klkBh osxosxGs dWfcusV ea=h] jkT;ea=h

vkgsr] lfpo vkgsr] osxosxGîkk izdkjps lapkyd vkgsr] gtkjks yksda R;kaP;k

gkrk[kkyh ns[kjs[khps o ijh{k.kkps dke djrkr- ts dke rqEgh d: bfPNrk rs dke

dj.;klkBh ljdkj eksBîkk izek.kkoj iz;Ru djhr vlrkuk] brdh ljdkjh ;a=.kk

dke djhr vlrkuk] rqeP;klkj[;k ,[kk|k O;Drhus gs dke lq: dj.ks Eg.kts gs

ljdkjP;k /kksj.kkP;kfo#) ukgh dk\ rqeph Li/kkZ ljdkj'kh vkgs dk\ gs dke lq:

djrkuk brdh ljdkjph ;a=.kk vlrkuk rqEgh gk fopkj dsyk gksrk dk] vki.k ,d

O;Drh fdaok laLFkk Eg.kwu dk; d: 'kdw- ex gs rqepa dke ljdkjyk iwjd vkgs dh

fo#) vkgs\

v'kh eh iz'ukaph ljcÙkh 'kkafrykythauk dsyh vlrk] R;kauh ts mÙkj fnys

rs vla ^^vki.k ts lkaxr vkgkr ;kpk eh xkaHkh;kZus fopkj dsysyk vkgs- ts dke eh

d: bfPNrks rs ljdkjpa dke vkgs gs eyk ekU; vkgs- ijarq eh ts dke lq: dj.kkj

vkgs rs 'kklu d: 'kdr ukgh Eg.kwu dj.kkj vkgs vla uOgs fdaok eh ts dkgh dke

dj.kkj vkgs rs dke 'kklukus djko;kl ikfgts gksrs Eg.kwu 'kklukojrh Vhdk d:u

eh dkgh dke dj.kkj vkgs vlagh ukgh- eh ts dkgh dke dj.kkj vkgs rs ljdkjP;k

vfr'k; O;ofLFkri.ks

137

/kksj.kk'kh fuxfMrp dke vl.kkj vkgs- ek>a dke gs 'kkldh; /kksj.kkyk iwjd vl.kkj

vkgs fo#) vl.kkj ukgh- ijarq gs lxGs dke ljdkjus dsys ikfgts v'kh vkiyh

vis{kk vlrs o rh LokHkkfod vkgs- i.k 'kklukP;k iq<s] 'kklukP;k i)rhizek.ks]

l/;kP;k O;oLFksizek.ks] fdrhrjh vkOgkus mHkh vkgsr- [kwi eksBîkk tckcnkÚ;k

'kklukoj vkgsr vkf.k ;k tckcnkÚ;k ikj ikMr vlrkuk R;kaukgh dks.khrjh enr

dsyh rj R;kaP;k tckcnkÚ;k ikj ikM.;klkBh R;kauk lksis gksbZy- R;keqGs R;kaP;k

[kqphZoj vki.k clyks vkgksr vla letwu R;kaP;k vMp.kh y{kkr ?ksrY;k ikfgtsr-

vxnh Hkkjrke/;s 12 yk[k 'kkGk vkgsr- HkkjrkP;k f'k{k.kea«;kaoj gîkk 12

yk[k 'kkGkaph tckcnkjh vkgs- uqlR;kp 'kkGk uOgs rj dkWystsl] VsfDudy LdwYl]

izksQs'kuy dkWystsl] baftfuvfjax] MkWDVjh v'kk fdrhrjh eksBîkk izek.kkojP;k

dkekpk yksM gk tj ,dk O;Drhoj vlsy rj gk fopkj dj.ks egÙokps vkgs- vki.k

Hkkjrkph xks"V d'kkyk ?;koh] vki.k ,dk jkT;kiklwu lq#okr d:- vxnh

egkjk"Vªke/;s jkgr vlY;keqGs] egkjk"Vªke/;s 'kkGkaph la[;k toGikl ,d yk[k

vkf.k egkjk"Vªke/;s f'k{kdkaph la[;k ikp rs lgk yk[k- eh vlk fopkj djrks dh ,d

egkjk"Vªkpk f'k{k.k ea=h R;kP;k varxZr ,d yk[k 'kkGk o lgk yk[k f'k{kd o brj

'kkldh; deZpkjh vlrkr- Eg.kts ;kph O;kIrh fdrh eksBh vkgs- izR;sd

[ksMîkkikMîkkr] oLrh&oLrhoj ,d&,d] nksu&nksu fd-eh- varjkoj 'kkGk vkgsr-

Eg.kts ,dk O;Drhus ;k lxGîkkapa fu;a=.k dls djk;ps\ nSuafnu dkelq)k

djrk&djrk ukdhuÅ ;srkr vkf.k R;kr vusd iz'u ifgY;kiklwu mHks jkfgysys

vlrkr- nj o"khZ izos'kkpk iz'u vlrks] f'k{kdkaps iz'u vlrkr] f'k{kdkaP;k la?kVusps

iz'u vlrkr] osru vk;ksxkizek.ks R;kaP;k ixkjok<hps iz'u vlrkr] nqljhdMwu

fo|kF;k±ps ikyd rØkjh djhr vlrkr- R;kaps iz'u vlrkr] frljhdMwu ,desdkaP;k

cnY;k dj.;ke/;s ,uthZ ok;k tkrs- pkSFkhdMwu f'k{kdkauk ixkj oxSjs osGsoj

ns.;kP;k lanHkkZr ;a=.kk jkcokoh ykxrs- rlsp vkgs rs O;oLFkkiu letwu ?ks.ks vkf.k

R;ke/;s dke dj.ks- gs dke [kksyoj tkÅu djkos ykx.ks] gsgh fdrh vo?kM vlrs-

eyk gs dGra; dh ljdkjh 'kkGkaps f'k{k.k lq/kkj.;kpa dke ljdkjus dsys

ikfgts- gs eyk dGr ukgh vls ukgh- ijarq uqlra dGwu mi;ksx ukgh- R;kaP;k vMp.kh

tj eh y{kkr ?ksrY;k rj ex eh vlk fopkj djrks dh] R;kauk nks"k ns.;k,soth vki.k

138

dkghrjh r;kj djkos vkf.k R;kaP;kiq<s Bsokos dh] gk ,d izksxzke eh dsysyk vkgs- gh

vWfØfMVs'kuph i)r vkgs] gh eh fl) d:u nk[kfoysyh vkgs- gh eh vusd ljdkjh

'kkGkar okijysyh vkgs] rh izHkkoh Bjysyh vkgs vkf.k gh ;kstuk rqEgh ljdkjh

;kstuk Eg.kwu Lohdkjk- ;ke/;s ek>k dks.krkp O;kolkf;d mís'k ukgh vkf.k

R;kP;krwu ek>k iSls feGfo.;kpkgh mís'k ukgh- ek>k R;kP;ke/;s dqByk nqljk Nqik

gsrw ulsy rj fufÜprp ljdkje/;s cl.kkjh eaMGh vkt uk m|k dkgh o"kkZuarj dk

gksbZuk ek>k dk;ZØe tj pkaxyk vlsy] ekÖ;k dk;ZØekrwu tj ;ksX; funku gksr

vlsy] ifj.kke gksr vlsy rj ek>k dk;ZØe ljdkj Lohdk: 'kdsy- Eg.kwu gs

vkiya lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro Eg.kwu vki.k gs dsya ikfgts- ljdkjiq<s Bsoya ikfgts

vla eyk okVya- R;keqGs eh gs dke ljdkjyk fojks/kh ulwu iwjd vla djrks;- ek>a

dke eh ljdkjP;klkBh djrks;- tjh eh ljdkjP;k ckgsj vlyks rjh eh ;k ns'kkpk

ukxfjd vlY;keqGs ;k lanHkkZe/;s eh gs {ks= fuoMysys vkgs vkf.k ;k {ks=ke/;s eyk

tkLrhrtkLr dke djk;ps vkgs- ekÖ;k LVkQyk ?ksÅu eyk izR;sd eksMîkwy r;kj

dj.;ke/;sp ek>k osG [kpZ djk;pk vkgs- R;keqGs eh tj gs dke pkaxya d: 'kdyks

rj ekÖ;k –f"Vdksukrwu [kwi eksBs dke gksbZy vla eyk okVw ykxya-**

'kkafrykythauh ljdkjh ;a=.ksP;k ckcrhrhya foLr`r fo'ys"k.k dsya- Eg.kts

R;kauh fdrh ckjdkbZus fujh{k.k dsya] fdrh lw{ei.ks izR;sd xks"VhdMs ikfgya] fdrh

ykac VII;kpk fopkj dsyk] gs dke djhr vlrkuk vkf.k tj brdk fopkj R;kauh dsyk

vlsy rj fufÜprp rs ;ke/;s pkaxya dke d: 'kdrhy vla eyk okVw ykxya-

R;kuarj 'kkafrykytha'kh iqUgk ppkZ lq: >kyh- R;kaP;k'kh foLr`ri.ks cksy.ks

dsY;kuarj R;kauh T;k i/nrhus f'k{k.k {ks=ke/;s dke dj.;kP;k iwohZ th Hkwfedk] ts

vkReijh{k.k] ts vkRefparu dsysys gksrs R;k i)rhizek.ks R;kauh ,MÓkqfDoi izksxzWeph

ckLdsV r;kj dsY;koj] ckLdsV Eg.kts QDr izksxzWeph ;knh r;kj dsyh- R;kizek.ks

dke dj.;klkBh R;kauh deZpkÚ;kaph fu;qDrh dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

R;kauh orZekui=ke/;s f'k{k.k {ks=kr gs dk;ZØe r;kj dj.;klkBh] R;k R;k

{ks=krhy rTK yksd ikfgtsr v'kkizdkjP;k tkfgjkrh fnY;k- ohl rs iapohl yksdkapk

LVkQ R;kauh 2002 e/;s fu;qDr dsyk-

139

vkrk 'kkafrykythaph uohu Hkwfedk lq: >kyh- gs dke R;kauh lq: dsys-

R;kauh c?krk c?krk ;klkBh dkgh dk;ZØekps vkjk[kMs r;kj d:u ?ksrys- dkgh

ckgs:u d:u ?ks.;kpk iz;Rugh dsyk- i.k gs lxGs dk;ZØe jkcfo.kkj dqBs] dks.kR;k

'kkGsr dj.kkj o R;klkBh ljdkj vkiY;kyk ijokuxh ns.kkj dk fdaok d'kh ijokuxh

?;k;ph ;kcíy eksBîkk izek.kkoj fopkjfofue; lq: >kyk vkf.k 'kkafrykythauh ,d

dYiuk leksj ekaMyh- R;kauh vls Bjfoys dh] lq#okrhyk tSu lektkus LFkkiu

dsysY;k 'kkGkar gs izksxzke lq: djkosr- 'kkafrykythauk rj Hkkjr ikrGhojp dke

djk;pa gksra- ,dkp jkT;kr dke djk;pa uOgra- Hkkjrke/;s tSu lektkP;k 'kkGk

fdrh vkgsr ;kph rj ekfgrh vki.k ?ksryh ikfgts- Eg.kwu vls Bjoys dh]

HkkjrkrY;k tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkapa ,d QsMjs'ku LFkkiu djk;pa-

'kkafrykythadMs egkjk"Vªke/;s] NÙkhlx<e/;s dk;ZdR;k±ph QGh eksBîkk izek.kkoj

gksrh- R;kauh vkiY;k loZ dk;ZdR;k±uk ,d= cksykoys vkf.k cSBdhe/;s fo"k;

ekaMyk- loZ dk;ZdR;kZauk dYiuk vkoMyh- kkafrykythauh 17 o"kk±iklwu

R;kaP;kcjkscj ts ofj"B inkf/kdkjh o dk;ZdrsZ dke djhr gksrs v'kkauk ?ksÅu dke lq:

dsys- ikp&ngk yksdkapk xV r;kj d:u ,dk ,dk jkT;kph tckcnkjh ,dk ,dk

xVkoj fnyh- HkkjrkrY;k loZ jkT;kae/;s R;k R;k xVkyk frFks tkÅu R;kauh d'kk

i)rhus dke djk;ps gs lkafxrys- rlap 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk d'kk fuoMk;P;k] R;klkBh

dks.krh dk;Ziz.kkyh okijk;ph] ;qDrh d'kh djk;ph] R;k laLFkkaph ekfgrh feGsy

v'kh ;kstuk d'kh vk[kk;ph gsgh lkafxrys-

'kkafrykythauh gs dke osxosxGîkk dk;ZdR;k±P;k Vhe gkrk'kh ?ksÅu

R;kaP;kdMwu djowu ?ksrya- R;k inkf/kdkÚ;kaph ukos & Jh- izdk'kpanth lqjk.kk]

izQqYyth ikj[k] lqn'kZuth tSu] egs'kth dksBkjh] MkW- ikjlth cksjk] egkjk"Vª] Jh-

lqjs'kHkkbZ dksBkjh] xqtjkr] Jh- psujktth tSu] Jh lqjsaædqekjth gsxMs] Jh- Ogh- Ogh-

xqatkG] dukZVd] Jh- ljnkjeyth dkadfj;k] dksydkrk] Jh dSykleyth nqxM

rfeGukMw] Jh- Mh- vkj- esgrk] Jh- ?ksojpanth dkuqaxks] jktLFkku] Jh- lkxjpanth tSu

iatkc] MkW- ,u- ih- tSu] Jh- usehukFkth tSu] e/;izns'k] Jh- th- lh- tSu]

NRrhlx<] Jh- ftrsanzdqekj tSu mÙkjizns'k v'kh lkaxrk ;srhy-

140

c?krk c?krk vfr'k; FkksMÓkk vo/khe/;s QsMjs'kue/;s lgHkkxh gks.;klkBh

r;kj vkgsr v'kk 1700 laLFkkaph ekfgrh o laerhi=s 'kkafrykythauh dk;ZdR;k±P;k

ek/;ekus xksGk dsyh- fdrh eksBh xks"V vkgs! T;k lektkph yksdla[;k ns'kkP;k laiw.kZ

yksdla[;sP;k v/kkZ VDdk vkgs] R;k lektkus brD;k eksBîkk izek.kkoj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk

mH;k djkO;kr o R;kpk tj bfrgkl cf?kryk rj 100 o"kk±iwohZ lq: dsysY;k ;k

'kS{kf.kd laLFkk vkgsr- tSu lektkus lq: dsysY;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkiSdh 95 VDds

'kS{kf.kd laLFkk ;k ns.kX;kaoj vk/kkfjr vkgsr- izR;sd fBdk.kh dqBY;kudqBY;k

lk/kqlarkaP;k izsj.ksus R;k R;k fBdk.kh laLFkk mH;k jkfgysY;k vkgsr- tj 100

o"kk±iwohZph laLFkk vlsy rj iS'kkpk eqíkp ;sr ukgh- rjh i.k ;k laLFkk mH;k dsY;k

vkgsr- fo'ks"k Eg.kts ;k laLFkse/;s tSu lektkph eqya v/kkZ VDdklq)k f'kdr ukghr-

dkj.k rs vkiY;k eqykauk ntsZnkj laLFkkae/;s ?kkyrkr- ijarq Lor%P;k eqykauk u

f'kdork nqlÚ;kaP;k eqykaP;klkBh ns'kikrGhoj brD;k eksBîkk ik;kHkwr lqfo/kk ns.ka gh

lk/kh xks"V ukgh] ;kps 'kkafrykythauk vkÜp;Z okVys-

'kkafrykythauh QsMjs'ku LFkkiu dsys- T;kP;ke/;s 1700 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkauh

'kkafrykythauk laerh fnyh- dnkfpr ;kP;kis{kk tkLr vk.k[kh v'kk laLFkk vkgsr

T;kaP;ki;±r 'kkafrykythaps dk;ZdrsZ iksgpysys ukghr- R;k QsMjs'kuyk

'kkafrykythauh uko fnya ^^QsMjs'ku vkWQ tSu ,T;qds'kuy bfULVVÓkwV~l**

- R;kuarj 'kkafrykythauh iw.kZ Hkkjrkrhy ;k QsMjs'kuP;k fo'oLrkaps

,d HkO; vf/kos'ku tGxko ;sFks 1 o 2 ekpZ 2003 jksth ?ksrys-

laiw.kZ Hkkjrkrwu tSu lektkP;k Hkjiwj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps fo'oLr R;k

fBdk.kh vkys- cjsp f'k{k.krTK ;k dk;ZØeke/;s yksdkauk f'k{k.kkpa egÙo letwu

lkax.;klkBh eh cksykoys gksrs-** Hkkjr ljdkjP;k ,p-vkj-fMikVZesaVps jkT;ea=h Jh-

oYyHkHkkbZ dFksfj;k ;k vf/kos'kukyk vkys gksrs- Hkkjr ljdkjps nqljs ea=h Jh-

fnyhith xka/kh] vgenuxj gsgh vkys gksrs- yksderps Jh- fot; nMkZ] lqjs'knknk tSu]

Hkojykyth tSu ;kaP;klg HkkjrkrY;k izR;sd jkT;krwu 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps fo'oLr ;k

fBdk.kh vkys gksrs- nksu fnolkapk gk dk;ZØe vfr'k; lqanj >kyk- 'kkafrykythauk

;kpa lek/kku okVya-

¼,Q-ts-bZ-vk;-½

141

laiw.kZ HkkjrkrY;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaP;k fo'oLrkauk ;keqGs ,d izdkjps cG

feGkys- ,dtwV gks.ks t#jh vkgs- vls R;kauk okVw ykxys- f'k{k.kke/;s xq.koÙkk

lq/kkj.;klkBh tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkauh vkrk iq<kdkj ?ksryk ikfgts vls

izR;sdkyk okVw ykxys- ;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh O;kolkf;d dke djk;ps Bjfoysys

vlY;keqGs R;kps iw.kZ MkWD;qesaVs'ku dsys- ;k QsMjs'kupk gsrw dk;] ^fOgtu* dk;]

^fe'ku* dk;] ^FkzLV* ,fj;k dk; o rs d'kk i/nrhus r;kj dsys tkrkr] rs d'kk

i/nrhus 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkauk iqjoys tkrhy gs fopkjkr ?ksrys- ,dgh uok iSlk ,dkgh

laLFksdMwu] fo'oLrkadMwu] fo|kF;kZadMwu ?ksryk tk.kkj ukgh gs Bjoys- iq.;kgwu gs

dk;ZØe laiw.kZ HkkjrHkj foukewY; dls iljfoys tkrhy gs /kksj.k Bjowu

O;kolkf;drsoj vk/kkfjr vR;ar i)r'khji.ks gs loZ yksdkaP;kleksj vk.kys- rsOgk

lokZauk vfr'k; vkÜp;Z okVys-

lq#okrhyk gs dk;ZØe jkcfo.;klkBh Lor%P;k gDdkP;k laLFkk ikfgtsr

Eg.kwu tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps QsMjs'ku LFkkiu d:u R;k laLFkkae/;s

dk;ZØe vk/kh jkcok;ps] R;kaph pkp.kh ?;k;ph] R;kaP;ke/;s ;s.kkÚ;k vMhvMp.kh

letkowu ?;k;P;k] ts.ksd:u uarj ljdkjcjkscj dqBysp dke djrkuk v/kZoV

jkg.kkj ukgh] myV rs tkLr ifjiw.kZ vlsy vls 'kkafrykythauk okVw ykxys- R;keqGs

R;kauh izR;sd dk;ZØekph vk[k.kh f'kLrc/ni.ks vkf.k ljdkjP;k –f"Vdksukrwu dsyh

vkf.k rks dk;ZØe tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkae/;s jkcoyk- v'kk i)rhus

,MÓkqDohi 15&20 izksxzkeph ckLdsV r;kj d:u rh 1700 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaiSdh T;k

laLFkk pkaxyk izfrlkn nsrhy] T;k laLFkk vk/kh i= ikBorhy v'kk laLFkkauk |k;ph

vls Bjoys- gGwgGw tSu 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkae/;s gs dk;ZØe jkcok;yk lq#okr >kyh-

;k izksxzke ckLdsV dk;ZØekrhy ifgyk dk;ZØe gksrk rks xq.koRrk lq/kkj.kspk

;kr ?kVd gksrs & 'kkGsps eq[;k/;kid]

f'k{kd] fo|kFkhZ oxSjs- R;kcjkscjp ljdkj vkf.k laLFkkgh gksR;k- ;k izR;sdklkBh

dkghuk dkgh dk;ZØekph vk[k.kh dsysyh gksrh- T;keqGs R;kr lq/kkj.kk gksbZy- ;k

lxGÓkk FkzLV ,fj;kte/;s dkgh uk dkgh izksxzWEl gksrs- R;kaps o.kZu lkaxko;kps >kY;kl

rs vls lkaxrk ;sbZy- 1½ 'kkGk & xq.koRrk ewY;ekiu 2½

ljdkj ¼fu.kZ; ?ks.kkjs½ & ljdkjh inkf/kdkÚ;kaps izf'k{k.k] xOguZesaV vkWfQllZ Vsªfuax

(Accreditation) (Steakholders)

(Accreditation)

142

& eWustj MsOgyiesaV izksxzWEl] VªLVh ,EikWojesaV izksxzWEl 3½ fizfUlikWy] VhplZ &

,EikWojesaV izksxzWEl 4½ fo|kFkhZ & vWlslesaV VsLV izksxzWEl & 4 Fkh] 8 oh] 10 ohlkBh-

;kr 'kkGk ;k ?kVdke/;s VsDukWykWth vosvjusl fdaok bUÝkLVªDpjpkgh lekos'k gksrk-

ekpZ 2003 e/;s vf/kos'ku >kY;kuarj ,fizye/;s 'kkafrykythauh

vkWfQle/kY;k deZpkÚ;kauk vkiY;k dk;ZØekapk vkjk[kMk yodj djk;yk lkaxwu rs

izR;{k jkcfo.;klkBh osxGs deZpkjh fu;qDr dsys- gGwgGw deZpkÚ;kaph la[;k ok<w

ykxyh- ifgyk 20&25 pk LVkQ vkrk 50 i;±r iksgkspyk- ex 'kkafrykythauh ;k

deZpkÚ;kauk izf'k{k.k nsÅu] izksRlkgu nsÅu] Lor% loZ xks"Vh R;kauk letkowu lkaxwu gs

loZ dk;ZØe R;k R;k Hkkxkr ikBfo.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ,dnk ,d ,Q-ts-bZ-vk;-ps

jk"Vªh; vf/kos'ku >kY;koj 'kkafrykythauh laiw.kZ Hkkjrkpk nkSjk lq: dsyk o izR;sd

jkT;kr R;k jkT;krhy 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps vf/kos'ku >kys ikfgts vlk iz;ksx lq:

dsyk- R;k fBdk.kh tkÅu ;k laLFkkaP;k xq.koÙkk lq/kkj.;klkBhP;k ;kstuk rs

lxGîkkaP;k iq<s ekaMr xsys o R;kaukgh izksRlkfgr djhr xsys-

c?krkc?krk 'kkafrykythauh Hkkjrke/kY;k NÙkhlx<] e/; izns'k] jktLFkku]

fnYyh] iatkc] fcgkj] panhx<] dukZVd] egkjk"Vª] vka/kz izns'k] rkfeGukMw v'kk vusd

jkT;kaP;ke/;s tkÅu jkT;ikrGhojph vf/kos'kus vk;ksftr dsyh o rh ;'kLoh dsyh-

jkT; vf/kos'ku ?ks.ks gs Eg.k.ks vfr'k; lksis vkgs- ijarq R;k jkT;kae/;s

vf/kos'ku ?ks.;klkBh tckcnkjh ?ks.kkjh ek.kls 'kks/k.ks vkf.k R;kauh rh tckcnkjh

?ks.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ks.ks] R;kauh tjh nksu fnolkP;k vf/kos'kukph tckcnkjh ?ksryh rjh

R;k jkT;kae/;s brj yksdkauk fQjowu] nkSjs d:u 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaP;k fo'oLrkauk R;k

fBdk.kh ,df=r dj.;klkBhph ;a=.kk jkcfo.ks ;k lxGîkk xks"Vh [kwi vo?kM

vlrkr- ijarq 'kkafrykyth cksyr vlrkuk vfr'k; lgti.ks lkaxr dh] eh lxGîkk

jkT;kr vf/kos'kus ?ksryh- R;k jkT;kaph rs ukos lkaxrkr- tssOgk eh iz'u fopkjrs gs

vf/kos'ku ?ks.ks Eg.kts useda dk;\ tsOgk rs loZ fo'ys"k.k djrkr rsOgk vkÜp;Z

okVrs- ,dk jkT;kr vf/kos'ku ?ksrkuk fdrh vMp.kh ;srkr- ;k loZ vMp.khauk

'kkafrykyth lkeksjs dls tkrkr- frFka R;k izdkjps dk;ZdrsZ dls r;kj djrkr] gs

dk;ZdrsZ nkSjs dls djrkr] R;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkauk iVowu dls lkaxrkr] R;k R;k

jkT;krhy fo'oLr rsFks ;srkr dls] nksu&nksu fnol 'kkafrykyth ts Eg.krkr rs

143

,sdrkr dls] ex frFkwu xsY;koj R;kauk izksRlkgu dls feGrs] R;kapk mRlkg iq<s fVdrks

dk\ rs iq<s dke djrkr dh ukgh\ v'kk fdrh rjh vfr'k; vo?kM xks"Vh vlrkr

T;k 'kkafrykyth lgti.ks lkaxwu eksdGs gksrkr-

tGxkoP;k vf/kos'kukuarj loZ jkT;kr ,Q-ts-bZ-vk;-P;k fo'oLrkaph

vf/kos'kua R;kauh ?ksryh- R;kuarj yxsp ,d&nhM o"kkZe/;s csaxyksjyk jk"Vªh;

vf/kos'ku ?ksrys- Eg.kts ifgys vf/kos'ku tGxkoyk ?ksrys] loZ jkT;kr vf/kos'kus

?ksryh vkf.k nqljs eksBs vf/kos'ku csaxyksjyk ?ksrys- csaxyksjyk Jh- psujktth tSu ;k

O;Drhps tSu baVjuW'kuy Ldwy vkgs- psujktth tSu gs 'kkafrykythaps vfr'k;

toGps fe= vkgsr- tsOgk 'kkafrykyth HkkjrHkj fQjr vlr] rsOgk R;k R;k

fBdk.kP;k pkaxY;k yksdkauk fuoMwu R;kaP;kcjkscjps vkiys laca/k ok<or vlr] rs

iq<s vk;q";Hkj fVdor vlr- r'kkp izdkjP;k laca/kkus dukZVdkryh 'kkafrykythauh

cka/kysyh ,d O;Drh Eg.kt Jh- psujkt tSu-

;k O;Drhpk bfrgkl osxGkp vkgs- R;kaps f'k{k.k 7 oh i;±r >kysys- ,d

7 oh i;±r f'k{k.k ?ksrysyk vlk fo|kFkhZ vk/kh Lor%P;k O;olk;kr ofMykaP;k

gkrk[kkyh osxosxGh NksVhNksVh dkea djhr vls- o;kP;k 35 O;k o"khZ csaxyksjtoG

dudiwjk jksMoj 100 ,dj tehu ?ksÅu rsFks eksBh 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk dtZ dk<wu mHkh

djrks] rh ok<or tkrks] gs ,d vkÜp;Zp vkgs- iq<s rj rks ,d fo|kihB lq: djrks

vkf.k v'kk [kktxh fo|kihBkpk dqyxq: gksrks- ek.kwl ,d ngk o"kkZP;k dkyko/khe/;s

fdrh eksBh izxrh d: 'kdrks ;kps gs ,d osxGsp mnkgj.k vkgs-

'kkafrykythauh frFks vf/kos'ku ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ; ;klkBh ?ksryk dh] psujkt

vkf.k R;kaph eS=h gksrh gk ,d Hkkx] psujktthauh vf/kos'ku ?ks.;kph bPNk O;Dr

dsyh gk nqljk Hkkx] frljk Eg.kts ,d lkrohi;±r f'k{k.k >kysyh O;Drh brD;k

eksBîkk izek.kkoj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk mHkh d: 'kdrs] ;'kLohjhR;k pkyow 'kdrs] rh

ok<ow 'kdrs rj vki.k 100&150 o"kkZiklwu 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk lq: dsY;k vkgsr R;k

d'kk ok<ok;P;k gs yksdkauk izR;{kkr dGsy] ikgk;yk feGsy gk R;k ikBhekxpk

'kkafrykythapk mís'k gksrk- Eg.kts izR;sd xks"Vhe/;s fopkj djrkuk rs ,dkp cktwus

d/khp fopkj djhr ukghr- ,dk xks"Vhrwu vusd Qk;ns yksdkauk gksÅ 'kdrhy vlk

fopkj d:u rs fu.kZ; ?ksrkr-

144

psujktthauh vfr'k; mRÑ"V O;oLFkk rsFks Bsoyh- R;k ,dk dk;ZØeklkBh

R;kauh R;k dkGkr 2004 lkyP;k ;k vf/kos'kuke/;s dehrdeh 50 yk[k #i;s [kpZ

dsyk vlkok- iw.kZi.ks okrkuqdwfyr racw mHkkj.;kr vkys gksrs- loZ yksdkaph

jkg.;kph] tso.kkph QkbZOgLVkj O;oLFkk dj.;kr vkyh gksrh-

'kkafrykythauh vf/kos'kukcjkscj tSu lektkrhy 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps ,d

izn'kZugh R;k fBdk.kh vk;ksftr dsys gksrs- R;k izn'kZukyk [kwi eksBk izfrlkn

feGkyk- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh nksu o"kkZP;k dkyko/khe/;s nksu jk"Vªh; vf/kos'kus

Hkjowu] loZ jkT;kaph jkT; vf/kos'kus Hkjowu] QsMjs'ku vkWQ tSu ,T;qds'kuyP;k loZ

fo'oLrkae/;s ,d vlk mRlkg fuekZ.k dsyk dh] xq.koÙkk] ntkZ lq/kkj.;klkBh loZ

yksdkauh iq<kdkj ?;k;yk lq#okr dsyh- gs lxGs eksBs dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djhr

vlrkuk nqljhdMs gs lxGs izksxzke xzkeh.k Hkkxke/;s izR;sd 'kkGse/;s iksgkspys

ikfgtsr- rs iksgporkuk rsFkhy fo'oLrkauh rs xaHkhji.ks ?ksrys ikfgtsr- v'kk loZ

xks"Vhaph vk[k.kh 'kkafrykyth djhr vlr- R;keqGs vkrk eq[; dk;kZy;kr clwu ;k

loZ xks"Vhaps fu;kstu] O;oLFkkiu vkf.k ns[kjs[k dj.;kps dke 'kkafrykyth d:

ykxys-

,dsd dk;ZØe r;kj dj.ks Eg.kts [kwi fdpdV dke- vWfØMhVs'ku dk;ZØe

r;kj djrkuk R;k osGh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh Jh- lquhy

QMds gksrs- rs lax.kd {ks=krhy rTK gksrs- rsOgk vWfØMhVs'ku izksxzke r;kj djrkuk

R;kauh loZ cktwauh R;koj fopkj dsyk- vla[; xks"Vh ,d dk;ZØe r;kj djrkuk

fopkjkr ;sr- i.k 'kkafrykyth Lor% vktgh dkEI;qVj pkyor ukghr vkf.k rs ;k

vk/kh d/kh dkEI;qVj pkyok;yk f'kdysgh ukghr- Eg.kts th O;Drh dkEI;qVj

pkyor ukgh R;k O;Drhus lax.kd rTKkacjkscj clwu izksxzke r;kj dj.;klkBh ppkZ

dj.ks gkgh ,d [kwi egÙokpk Hkkx gksrk- gs lq)k dj.ka lk/ks ukgh] lksis ukgh- ijarq

'kkafrykyth gs loZ dke vfr'k; lgtxR;k d: ykxys- cksyrk cksyrk

vWfØMhVs'ku izksxzke r;kj >kyk] cksyrk cksyrk rks jkcok;yk lq#okr >kyh] cksyrk

cksyrk yksdkauh R;koj ers iznÆ'kr djk;yk lq#okr dsyh] lwpuk |k;yk lq#okr

dsyh] dk;ZØe Lohdkjk;yk lq#okr dsyh- v'kk vla[; xks"Vhaps loZp dk;ZØekae/;s

osxosxGîkk izdkjps vuqHko 'kkafrykyth ?ksÅ ykxys- gs vuqHko Eg.kts R;kaP;klkBh

145

,d ioZ.khp gksrh-

R;kaps ifgys mfí"V ek=] eyk ljdkjlkBh dk;ZØe r;kj djk;psr] R;k

n`"Vhus rks izksxzke r;kj djk;yk ikfgts vls gksrs- eh jkcforkuk rs tSu laLFkse/;s

jkcosu] ek>s mfí"V ljdkjyk gk dk;ZØe ykxw >kyk ikfgts gs gksrs- izR;sd fBdk.kh rs

fopkj d:up fu.kZ; ?ksr vlra-

T;kaP;ktoG {kerk vkgs i.k osG ukgh v'kh ek.kls ;k tSu laLFkkae/;s

fo'oLr gksÅ ykxyh- R;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkse/;s f'k{k.kkP;k –f"Vdksukrwu vkrkP;k 21

O;k 'krdkP;k xjtk y{kkr ?ksÅu] xq.koÙkk vk.kyh ikfgts] R;kapk ntkZ lq/kkjyk

ikfgts gs euke/;s tj Bjoys rj rs d: 'kdr gksrs- ijarq v'kh ekufld r;kjh deh

vlk;ph- cÚ;kp fBdk.kh yksd o"kkZrwu ,[kk|k osGh 'kkGsr tkr vlr- vU;Fkk ?kjh

clwup eq[;k/;kid fdaok f'k{kd ;sÅu vko';d dkxni=koj rs lgîkk ?ksÅu tkr

vlr- Eg.kts ikjaifjd i)rhus 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk pkyfo.ks v'kk izdkjs gs 'kS{kf.kd

laLFkk pkyfor gksrs-

;k lxGîkkaP;k laLFkk pkyfo.;kP;k i/nrhe/;s] ekufldrse/;s cny

dj.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh chts,lps dkgh inkf/kdkjh ikBfoys- ts inkf/kdkjh

nkSÚ;koj ikBfoys gksrs rs vfr'k; O;Lr] izksQs'kuy] ukeoar O;kikjh vlrkuklq)k

R;kauh gs nkSjs vfr'k; f'kLrc)i.ks dsys- Jh- th-lh- tSu] Jh- lairth >kcd]

jk;iwj] Jh- izdk'kpanth lqjk.kk] cksnoM] Jh- izQqYyth ikj[k] Jh- egssanzth dVkfj;k]

ukxiwj] Jh- lqn'kZuth tSu] cMusjk] vejkorh] Jh- iznhith tSu] cMusjk] Jh- egs'kth

dksBkjh] Jh- uhyepanth iqaxfy;k] xksafn;k] MkW- ikjlth cksjk] vkSjaxkckn] Jh- vejth

xka/kh] panziwj] Jh- Hkojykyth equksr] gSnzkckn] Jh- panueyth ckQuk] laxeusj] Jh

gLrheyth cac] tkyuk] Jh- egsanzth lqjk.kk] ;orekG] Jh- fnyhith cksjk] Jh-

nhidth ikj[k] Jh- gsejktth [kkch;k] Jh- nhidth pksiMk] ukf'kd] Jh-

dkafrykyth vksloky] flYyksM] Jh- vkseizdk'kth ckQuk] ck'khZ] Jh- lksHkkxeyth

Mqaxjoky] Jh- lat;th fla?kh] Jh- jktsanzth yaqdM] bZjksM] rfeGukMw bR;knh

inkf/kdkÚ;kaoj fofo/k jkT;kaph tckcnkjh lksifo.;kr vkyh gksrh-

;k yksdkauk 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrys dh] rqEgkyk eh Hkkjrke/;s osxosxGîkk

jkT;kr ikBorks;- rsFks 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaP;k fo'oLRkkauk rqEgh izf'k{k.k |k;ps vkf.k

146

'kkGsP;k xq.koÙksr lq/kkj.kk dj.;klkBh R;kaP;kcjkscj ppkZ djk;ph- rsOgk gs loZ

ofj"B yksd lkaxw ykxys dh] Vªsfuaxpk vkEgkyk vuqHko ukgh] rj vkEgh R;kauk Vsªfuax

dls |k;ps- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh pkSd'kh d:u fnYyhyk ,d vkarjjk"Vªh; ntkZps

[kwi eksBs ukoktysys ^ekLVj Vsªuj* gksrs] R;kaP;k'kh laidZ dsyk o R;kauk iq.;kyk

cksykoys- R;kaps uko gksrs MkW- vxksfp;k- R;kauh R;kizek.ks Vsªfuax |k;yk dks.k tk.kkj

vkgs gs fopkjys\ Vsªfuax |k;yk tk.kkÚ;k yksdkaph o MkW- vxksfp;kaph 'kkafrykythauh

HksV d:u fnyh-

MkW- vxksfp;kauh Vsªfuax |k;yk tk.kkÚ;k yksdkaph {kerk ikfgyh vkf.k

T;kauk Vsªfuax |k;ps R;kaphgh {kerk ikfgyh- gs d:u R;kauh ;k loZ Vsªuj yksdkauk Vsªfuax

ns.;kpk dk;ZØe r;kj dsyk- ;k loZ yksdkauh vfr'k; O;ofLFkr i)rhus Vsªfuax ?ksrys

vkf.k Vsªfuax ?ksÅu R;kauk HkkjrHkj ikBfo.;kps iz;Ru lq: >kys-

f'k{k.k {ks=kps egÙo dk; vkgs gs lxGs letkos Eg.kwu osxosxGîkk izdkjP;k

15 fefuVkaP;k] v/;kZ rklkP;k ikp&lgk fQYe r;kj dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- dkj.k

,[kk|k O;Drhus ofj"B ek.klkyk letkowu lkax.;kis{kk tj frFks R;kauh v/;kZ rklkph

fQYe nk[koyh rj fQYee/kwu R;k ek.klkoj R;kpk ifj.kke pkaxyk gksÅ 'kdsy- gk

'kkafrykythapk mís'k o –f"Vdksu gksrk- Eg.kwu R;kauh fQYe r;kj dj.;kpk m|ksx

lq: dsyk-

gk loZ bfrgkl ikfgyk rj eq[; mís'k dk; rj ljdkjh 'kkGsph xq.koÙkk

lq/kkj.;klkBh osxosxGÓkk dk;Ziz.kkyh ¼eksMîkwy½ r;kj dj.ka gk gksrk- R;k ljdkjyk

ykxw gksrhy v'kk gO;k gksR;k- R;k r;kj dj.;klkBh vkf.k jkcfo.;klkBh

vkWfQle/;s deZpkjh useys- ;k dk;Ziz.kkyh ¼eksMîkwy½ ljdkjdMs tk.;kiwohZ vkiyk

vuqHko nkaMxk vlyk ikfgts gs egÙokpa gksra-

,dk xks"VhlkBh ,dk O;Drhus brdk eksBk min~O;ki] brdh eksBh ;a=.kk]

brdh eksBh 'kDrh okij.ks] Lor% vkfFkZd >G lkslwu laiw.kZ [kpZ Lor% d:u]

Lor%P;k iS'kkauh ek.kls fu;qDr d:u R;kauk ixkj Lor% ns.ks gs lxGs Qkj osxGsp

gksrs-

v'kk i)rhus ,d&,d dk;ZØe tkLr pkaxyk gks.;klkBh 'kkafrykyth

iz;Ru d: ykxys o gGwgGw 'kS{kf.kd {ks=krY;k dkeke/;s Lor%ps ik; jksow ykxys o

vuqHko ?ksÅ ykxys- gs loZ dke QsMjs'kuP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkae/;s 'kkafrykyth djhr

147

vlrkuk fof'k"V izdkjP;k vkysY;k loZ vuqHkokao:u rs Lor%ph o dk;ZØekph

{kerk ok<forp jkfgys- v'kk izdkjs tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkaps tkGs iljowu

R;kP;k ek/;ekus tSu lektkP;k laLFkkapk ntkZ lq/kkj.;kps dke 'kkafrykythauh dsys-

148

tSu lektkP;k 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkae/;s 2002 iklwu 2005 i;±r ;k rhu

o"kk±P;k dkyko/khe/;s ,dhdMs jk"Vªh; Lrjkojhy nksu vf/kos'kus] nqljhdMs jkT;

vf/kos'kus o frljhdMs chts,lP;k dk;kZy;ke/;s r;kj dsysys dk;ZØe ;kph

vaeyctko.kh tSu lektkP;k 'kkGkae/;s dj.ks vls rhu ikrGhaoj dke pkyw gksrs-

R;krwu vuqHko ;srp gksrs-

2005 P;k Rlqukehuarj chts,lus vanekue/;s eksBîkk izek.kkoj dsysys

lkekftd dk;Z vanekups jkT;iky Jh- jke dkils ;kauh ikfgys gksrs- R;kauh

chts,lP;k eq[; dk;kZy;kyk iq.;kyk vkY;koj HksV fnyh- R;kosGh Jh- izrkijko

iokj ;kaukgh chts,lP;k dk;kZy;kr dk;ZØeklkBh fuea=.k ns.;kr vkys- R;kosGsl

chts,lus 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr pkyysY;k dkekph ekfgrh lUekuuh; jkT;ikykauk fnyh-

rlsp chts,lus ljdkjh 'kkGkalkBh xq.koÙkk lq/kkj.kk dk;ZØekarxZr r;kj dsysyh

10&12 dk;ZØekaph ,d ,MÓkqDohi ckLdsV Hkkjrkrhy tSu lektkP;k 400&500

'kkGkae/;s rhu o"kkZr ;'kLohi.ks jkcfo.;kr vkyh vkgs] ;kph ekfgrh o isz>saVs'ku

tsOgk ek- jkT;ikykauk fnys xsys rsOgk R;kauh rs dk;ZØe dk; vkgsr gs eqGkiklwu

letwu ?ksrY;kuarj 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrys dh gs lxGs dk;ZØe vanekuP;k 400

'kkGkae/;s jkcfo.;kph ek>h r;kjh vkgs- 'kkafrykyth v'kk la/khph okV ikgkr gksrs-

dkj.k 'ksoVh R;kapk mís'k rksp gksrk dh] ljdkjh 'kkGkaP;ke/;s eyk gs dk;ZØe

jkcok;ps vkgsr- R;krY;k R;kr vaneku&fudksckj gk NksVk dsaæ'kkflr izns'k vkgs o

'kkGk deh vkgsr- lq#okrhyk deh 'kkGk gkrkGk;kyk lksia vl.kkj gksra-

vanekulkBh ,d rkjh[k Bjfo.;kr vkyh- R;k fno'kh 'kkafrykyth Lor%

R;kaP;k lkr&vkB yksdkaP;k Vhelg vanekuyk xsys- iksVZCysvjyk Bjkfod vls

lqekjs 100 eq[;k/;kid o 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh ;kaP;kleksj ,d fnolHkj]

ldkGiklwu la/;kdkGi;±r ;k loZ 12&15 dk;ZØekapa izs>saVs'ku ns.;kr vkya-

'kkafrykythauk vkuan okVyk dh R;kaP;k loZp dk;ZØekyk eq[;k/;kidkauh Lor%gwu

90 VDdsis{kk tkLr ilarh n'kZfoyh-

21 : e¡j{UH$ H$m`©H«$_-gaH$mar emim§_Ü`o

149

,MÓkqfDoi dk;ZØekyk vanekuP;k rTKkaP;k lferhus o eq[;k/;kidkauh

Lor%gwu ekU;rk fnyh o vkEgkyk dk;ZØe gok vkgs vls lkafxrys- ;k nksUgh xks"Vh

feG.ka Eg.kts 'kkafrykythaP;k n`"Vhus 90 VDds dk;ZØe ;'kLoh gks.ka! ijarq ;k

lxGîkk xks"Vh tjh O;ofLFkr ?kMr vlY;k rjh vkrk vaeyctko.kh d'kk i/nrhus

dsyh tk.kkj gk fopkj leksj gksrkp- Eg.kwu vanekupa f'k{k.k [kkra vkf.k Hkkjrh; tSu

la?kVuk ;kaP;ke/;s djkj dj.;kP;k lanHkkZryk fu.kZ; >kyk- ^rhu o"ksZ lkrR;kus

vkEgh vanekue/;s ;sÅu vkeps yksd gs loZ dk;ZØe jkcorhy o R;k cnY;kr

vkEgh vaneku 'kklukdMwu ,dgh iS'kkph ekx.kh dj.kkj ukgh- gs loZ dk;ZØe

foukewY; fnys tkrhy-* vla R;k fBdk.kh 'kkafrykythauh dcwy dsys o

vaneku&fudksckj cjkscj vfr'k; foLr`r vlk djkj dsyk- T;k djkjkpk etdwj

f'k{k.k [kkra o chts,l vkf.k jkT;iky ;kauh ekU; dsyk o R;koj Lok{kÚ;k dj.;kr

vkY;k-

eh 'kkafrykythauk vlk iz'u fopkjyk dh rqEgh gk djkj dsyk- R;kP;ke/;s

rqepa ts eq[; mfí"V gksra dh ljdkjP;k 'kkGkae/;s gs dk;ZØe ?ksÅu tk;ps- ijarq gk

djkj dsY;kuarj rqEgh rqeps dk;ZØe vkf.k rqeps 50&60 yksd gs vanekuyk ?ksÅu

tk.kkj vkf.k vanekue/;s rqeps yksd gs lxGs dk;ZØe jkco.kkj! ijarq rsOgk R;k

'kkGsP;k eq[;k/;kidkapk fdaok f'k{kdkapk fdaok fo|kF;k±pk rqEgkyk osG dlk feGsy

fdaok rqeps vkns'k rs ikGrhyp dk\rqEgh lkaxky R;k i/nrhus tj rqeps yksd

,[kk|k fBdk.kh xsys vkf.k frFkY;k eq[;k/;kidkauh lkafxrys dh vkEgkyk osG ukgh]

rqEgh m|k ;k] vkB fnolkauh ;k rj rqEgh dk; dj.kkj- ;k lanHkkZr fdaok rqEgh R;kauk

iwoZdYiuk nsÅu] fnol Bjowu R;kauk gk dk;ZØe rsFks dsyk tk.kkj vkgs ;kph ekfgrh

tjh fnyh rjh gs vkns'k ikG.;kps R;kaP;koj dkgh ca/ku ukgh] ex v'kk osGh rqeP;k

dk;ZØekcíy xaHkhji.ks fopkj dsyk tkbZy dk\

rsOgk 'kkafrykythauh R;kpa ts mRrj fnya rs vfr'k; leiZd gksra- rs

Eg.kkys ^^'kkldh; vf/kdkjh o eq[;k/;kid fdaok f'k{kd ;kapk dqBY;kgh izdkjpk

fojks/k gksÅ u;s gh ek>h bPNk gksrh- ekÖ;k n`"Vhus gh lÙoijh{kk gksrh- tks iz;ksx eh

vanekue/;s djsu rksp iz;ksx eyk nqlÚ;k jkT;kr djk;pk vkgs- R;keqGs gk iz;ksx

djhr vlrkuk eyk tkLrhr tkLr dkGth ?;k;ph gksrh- vfr'k; fu;kstuiwoZ o

i/nr'khji.ks dke d:u ?;k;ps gksrs- Eg.kwu ;k dk;ZØe jkcfo.;kP;k lferhr ikp

150

yksd vlkosr vls eh ljdkjyk lkafxrys- gh ljdkjph lferh vlkoh- ts.ksd:u ;k

lferhps v/;{k gs ^Mk;jsDVj vkWQ ,T;qds'ku* vlkos vkf.k nksu yksd vk.k[kh

f'k{k.k [kkR;krys R;kr vlkosr- Eg.kts rhu yksd 'kklukps o nksu yksd chts,lps-

nj efgU;kyk ;k lferhph cSBd Ogkoh vkf.k iq<P;k efgU;kr chts,lus

dks.krs dk;ZØe] dks.kR;k 'kkGse/;s] dks.kR;k rkj[ksyk ?ksÅu tk.kkj vkgsr] ;k

iq<P;k efgU;kpk Ñrh dk;ZØe ;k dfeVhleksj Bsokok- ts.ksd:u ^Mk;jsDVj vkWQ

,T;qds'ku* vkf.k 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh gs R;kaP;k n`"Vhus R;kaps tj dkgh dk;ZØe

vlrhy rj R;k i/nrhus rs cny lqporhy o lqpoysY;k cnykizek.ks chts,l

;kstuk r;kj d:u R;kauk nsbZy- izR;sd efgU;kpk vaeyctko.kh rDrk lapkydkaP;k

lghus loZ eq[;k/;kidkauk fnyk tkbZ] R;keqGs rks ljdkjh vkns'k ikG.ks gs R;kaps

drZO; gksrs-

v'kk i/nrhus ;k ^,EikWojesaV dfeVhph* LFkkiuk ljdkjdMwu d:u ?ksryh

vkf.k R;keqGs eyk rhu o"kk±P;k dkGkr ,dgh fno'kh ,dgh =kl] ,dgh vMp.k

leksj vkyhp ukgh-** 'kkafrykythapa dkS'kY; gs brda osxGa gksra dh] R;kauh vfr'k;

ckjhdlkjhd o lw{e i/nrhus ;k loZ ckch letwu ?ksÅu ljdkjP;k xGh mrjowu]

ljdkjdMwu ekU;rk ?ksÅu] ;k loZ xks"Vh ;'kLoh dj.ka gh eqGhp loZlkekU; xks"V

uOgrh] rj iw.kZi.ks osxGîkk izdkjph xks"V gksrh-

ijarq gs loZ 'kkafrykythauh 'kD; dsya- Eg.kts eksBh y<kbZ R;kauh ftadyh-

uqlrk fu.kZ; tjh ?ksryk rjh ;k loZ xks"Vh iw.kZ d:u R;krp R;kauh 90 VDds ;'k

feGoya gs rj uDdhp- ijarq rhu o"ksZ gs lxGs dk;ZØe vanekue/;s jkcfo.;klkBh

50 is{kk tkLr yksd fu;qDr dsys xsys- eq[; dk;kZy;ke/;s iq.ks ;sFks R;kauk O;ofLFkr

izf'k{k.k fnya xsya- gs izf'k{k.k fnY;kuarj rs vanekuyk xsys- frFks ;k 50 yksdkauk

jkg.;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh HkkMÓkkus ¶yWV ?ksrys- ;k lxGîkk LVkQyk cl.;klkBh

,d vkWQhlgh ?ksrya- QfuZpj dsya- ;klkBh 'kkafrykythauk [kwip =kl >kyk-

gh loZ 50 yksdkaph Vhe ?ksÅu 'kkafrykyth vanekue/;s nk[ky >kys- R;k

fBdk.kh 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kaP;kcjkscj cSBd >kyh- R;kaukgh brdk eksBk mRlkg o

brds yksd ckgs:u fu;qDr d:u ,d Lo;alsoh laLFkk vk.krs o bFka ;sÅu vkWQhl

r;kj djrkr] ;k ifjfLFkrhr jkgrkr- ;k loZ xks"Vh ikgwu vaneku ljdkjyk o

frFkY;k 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kauk [kwip vk'p;Z okVya- vkiY;k 'kkGkaph xq.koRrk

151

ok<fo.;klkBh] vkiY;k f'k{kdkapk ntkZ ok<fo.;klkBh gs iz;Ru djhr vkgsr-

R;keqGs loZ 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh] loZ eq[;k/;kid] loZ f'k{kd ;kauh eukiklwup

fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh ;k lxGîkk yksdkauk lgdk;Z djk;pa- v'kk i/nrhus 'kkafrykythauh

lok±pa lgdk;Z ?ksrya- Eg.kwu frFkyk dk;ZØe ;'kLoh gksÅ 'kdyk-

rhu o"ksZ lkrR;kus ,d dk;ZØe jkT;ke/;s jkcfo.;klkBh o vkiY;k 50

yksdkaph Vhe iw.kZi.ks R;k fBdk.kh Bsoyh- brD;k foijhr ifjfLFkrhr 37 csVkae/;s

vfr'k; d"Vkus ;k Vheus Hkjiwj esgur ?ksryh o gk dk;ZØe rhu o"ksZ lkrR;kus R;k

fBdk.kh pkyw Bsoyk- rhu o"kk±P;k vo/khe/;s iw.kZ vanekue/;s ;k dk;ZØeklkBh

,dkgh O;Drhus fojks/k dsyk ukgh- ex rs f'k{kd vlks] eq[;k/;kid vlks] 'kkldh;

vf/kdkjh vlks] xkokrys yksd vlks- lokZauh ;k ;kstusyk vfr'k; eukiklwu lgdk;Z

dsya-

;k loZ 'kkGk lh-ch-,l-lh-P;k 'kkGk gksR;k- gh Hkkjrkrhy 12&15 gtkj

'kkGk vl.kkjh lxGîkkr eksBh laLFkk o R;k lh-ch-,l-lh-P;k 'kkGk lxGîkkP;k

lxGîkk vanekue/;s gksR;k- Eg.kwu R;k loZ 'kkGkaP;ke/;s fo|kFkhZ vlks] f'k{kd vlks

;kauh dk;ZØe O;ofLFkr letwu ?ksrY;keqGs o R;kr rhu o"kk±pa lkrR; jkfgY;keqGs

'kkafrykythauk vis{kk gksrh dh pkSF;k o"kkZuarj vanekuP;k 10 ohP;k fudkyke/;s

Qjd iMsy-

vk'p;Z Eg.kts rhu o"kk±uarj vanekuP;k lh-ch-,l-lh- cksMkZP;k

fj>YVe/;s Qjd tk.kow ykxyk- vanekups fj>YV rhu o"kk±uarj ok<w ykxys o

frFkY;k 'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kauh gs fj>YV ok<Y;kpa Js; 'kkafrykythauk fnya]

chts,lyk fnya- v'kk i/nrhus rhu o"ksZ gk izdYi vanekue/;s ;'kLoh Bjyk-

frFkY;k cksMkZP;k fudkykpk vkys[k xsY;k 40 o"kk±e/;s brdk oj d/khp xsyk uOgrk-

v'kk i/nrhus vfr'k; pkaxys fudky ykxys- 'kkafrykythauk eukiklwu

[kwi lek/kkugh >kys- Hkkjrkps rRdkyhu x`gea=h o dsanz'kkflr izns'kkaps izeq[k Jh-

f'kojkt ikVhy ;kauk vla letwu vkya dh vanekupk fudky xsY;k 40 o"kk±is{kk

vkrk tkLr pkaxyk ykxysyk vkgs- ;kpa dkj.k R;kauh fopkjya vlrk R;kauk

lkax.;kr vkya dh iq.;kph ,d laLFkk vkgs ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk*] R;kauh ;sFks

xq.koÙkk lq/kkj.kk dk;ZØe ;'kLohi.ks jkcfoys] Eg.kwu gk fudky ok<yk-

152

Jh- f'kojkt ikVhy gs 'kkafrykythauk vksG[krgh gksrs o R;kauh tEew

dk'ehjP;k Hkwdaike/;s 'kkafrykythauh dsysya dke ikfgysgh gksrs- R;keqGs f'kojkt

ikVhy lkgsckauh 'kkafrykythauk fnYyh ;sFks cSBdhlkBh cksyoya- R;kfBdk.kh vaneku

fudksckjps 'kkldh; vf/kdkjhgh cksyoys- 'kkafrykyth] lqjs'knknk tSu ;kauk ?ksÅu

fnYyhyk cSBdhlkBh xsys- R;k fBdk.kh cjspls 'kkldh; vf/kdkjhgh gksrs-

'kkafrykythauh ;k loZ xq.koRrk lq/kkj.kk dk;ZØekph ekfgrh lUekuuh; x`gea=h ;kauk

fnyh- gh ekfgrh ,sdY;kuarj R;kauk vfr'k; vkÜp;Z okVys- vaneku fudksckjP;k

'kkldh; vf/kdkÚ;kauh gs dk;ZØe dls jkcfoys] dls djkj dsys] d'kh lferh useyh

o ;k yksdkauh 50 yksd usewu vanekue/;s dla dke dsya gs foLr`ri.ks x`gea«;kaP;k

iq<s Bsoya- R;keqGs x`gea«;kauh gs dk;ZØe ljdkjP;k dkgh 'kkGkae/;s vtwu eksBîkk

izek.kkoj dls tkÅ 'kdrhy ;kpk fopkj dsyk-

;k cSBdhl ,p-vkj- fMikVZesaVps dkgh yksd mifLFkr gksrs- R;keqGs ,p-

vkj- fMikVZesaVP;k yksdkauh fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh uoksn; fo|ky; lferhP;k HkkjrkrY;k

izR;sd ftYgîkke/;s ,d v'kk 'kkGk vkgsr- v'kk toG toG 550 'kkGk Hkkjrkr

vkgsr- ;k 550 'kkGkae/;s gk dk;ZØe jkcfoyk tkok- ;k uoksn; fo|ky;kaP;k

'kkGkae/;s dke dj.;klanHkkZr vkeph gjdr ukgh vls 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrys-

R;kuarj ,u-fOg-,l-ps ¼uoksn; fo|ky;½ fnYyhe/;s vl.kkjs loZ

dfe'kulZ o R;kaps lgdkjh ;k loZ yksdkaph Vhe iq.;kyk vkyh- R;kauh nksu fnol gs

loZ dk;ZØe dls vkgsr gs ikfgys- vanekuP;kcjkscj djkj dlk dj.;kr vkyk

^,EikWojesaV dfeVh* d'kh LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh gsgh R;kauh ikfgys o R;kp /krhZojrh

R;ke/;s FkksMklk cny dsyk-

;ko:u ,d tk.koya dh tsOgk tsOgk 'kkafrykyth dqBys fu.kZ; ?ksrkr

fdaok dqBY;k xks"Vhoj tsOgk rs fopkj djrkr rsOgk rs O;ogk;Z xks"Vh y{kkr ?ksÅu

fopkj djrkr vkf.k iq<s ;s.kkjh ladVa rs vk/khp letwu ?ksrkr- R;krwu ekxZ

dk<.;kph izfØ;k fu.kZ; ?ks.;kP;k ifgY;k fno'kh djrkr- R;keqGs dke dla d:u

?;k;pa gs R;kosGh R;kaP;k MksD;kr iDda >kysya vlra- gs vkrki;ZUrP;k R;kaP;k

izoklko:u fuf'prp vkiY;k y{kkr ;sra- R;keqGs 'kkafrykyth ts dqBya LoIu

ikgrhy rs tjh vo?kM okVya] brjkauk v'kD; okVya rjh rs LoIu iw.kZ gksÅ 'kdsy

v'kh [kk=h eyk okVrs- dkj.k izR;sd LoIu ikg.;ke/;s rs gosr cksyr ulrkr- rs

153

[kwi ykacpa cksyrkr i.k R;kph izfØ;k] /kksj.k r;kj vlrs- Eg.kwup 'ksoVh R;kauk

fufÜpr ;'k ;sra gs ;ko:u fnlra-

v'kk i/nrhus 'kkafrykythauh ,u-Ogh-,l-lkBh djkj d:u R;kaps yksd

2006 rs 2010 v'kk pkj o"kk±lkBh ,u-Ogh-,l-P;k osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh jokuk dsys-

,dhdMs ,u-Ogh-,l-pa dke pkyw gksra- nqljhdMs vanekupa dke laiysya gksra-

vanekue/khy vkWQhl 'kkafrykythauh can dsya- vkiys lxGs yksd iq.;kyk vk.kys-

rksi;ZUr ;k loZ izfØ;k pkyw vlrkuk vaneku fudksckjps f'k{k.k lfpo Jh- mnhIr js

;kaph cnyh xksok ;sFks >kyh- 'kkafrykythauh f'k{k.k {ks=kr dsysya dke o R;keqGs

vanekue/;s ok<ysys fudky gs mnhIr js ;kauh Lor% cf?krysys vlY;keqGs xksO;kyk

vkY;kcjkscj R;kauh xksO;kP;k f'k{k.kea«;ka'kh ¼gs rRdkfyu eq[;ea=hp gksrs½ ppkZ

dsyh- R;kauk lkafxrya dh Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps 'kS{kf.kd xq.koÙkk lq/kkj.kk dk;ZØe

xksO;ke/;s jkcfoys xsys ikfgtsr-

ek- eq[;ea«;kauh eatqjh fnY;kuarj Jh- mnhIr js ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk

cksyoya o R;kauk lkafxrya dh eq[;ea«;kauh eatqjh fnyh vkgs vkf.k rqEgh ;klkBh

xksO;ke/;s ;koa o xksO;kP;k 'kkGkaph xq.koRrk lq/kkj.;klkBhps iz;Ru djkosr-

'kkafrykythaukgh vkuan okVyk- xksO;ke/;s ljdkjP;k 1700 'kkGk gksR;k- 400

'kkGkaiklwu 1700 'kkGkai;±r o ,u- Ogh- ,l-P;k izR;sd ftYgîkkrhy loZ 'kkGk

v'kh R;kaP;k dkekph O;kIrh ok<r pkyysyh gksrh-

'kkafrykythauk bFksgh deZpkjh usekos ykxys- R;kauh xksO;ke/;s tkfgjkr

fnyh o vanekups ts 50 yksd gksrs R;krys 25&30 yksd gs ,u-Ogh-,l-P;k

osxosxGîkk 'kkGkae/;s ikBok;pk fu.kZ; ?ksryk o 15&20 yksd gs xksO;ke/;s

vk.k.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- xksO;ke/;s ek= 'kkafrykythauh Lor% vkWQhl HkkMÓkkus

?ksrya ukgh rj ljdkjyk vkWQhllkBh tkxk ekfxryh- R;kizek.ks f'k{k.k [kkR;kP;k

bekjrhe/;s 'kkafrykythaP;k 50 yksdkauk cl.;kph O;oLFkk ljdkjus d:u fnyh-

xksO;ke/kys dkgh yksd fu;qDr dsys gksrs o R;kaukgh iq.;ke/;s cksyowu vfr'k;

O;ofLFkri.ks izf'k{k.k ns.;kr vkya- xksO;ke/;s lq/nk r'kkp izdkjph ^bEIyhesaVs'ku

,EikWojesaV dfeVh* LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh o vanekuizek.ksp xksok ljdkjcjkscj djkj

dj.;kr vkyk vkf.k dk;ZØe vxnh lqyHkrsus jkcfoyk tkÅ ykxyk-

154

ijarq xksO;ke/;s dk;ZØe lq: >kY;koj 15&20 fnolkrp ,d eksBh

vMp.k fuekZ.k >kyh- xksO;ke/;s t'kk ljdkjP;k 1700 'kkGk vkgsr] r'kk rsFks

f[zk'pu /kekZP;k dkgh [kktxh 'kkGk vkgsr- R;kaph ,d ,df=r laLFkk vkgs- frpa uko

,-ch-bZ- LdwYl vla vkgs- R;k laLFksua

lkafxrya] gk dk;ZØe ljdkjh 'kkGsr pkyw |k- vkEgkyk rks ekU; ukgh- vkEgh

vkeP;k 'kkGsr tSu la?kVusP;k yksdkauk ;sÅ ns.kkj ukgh o vkEgkyk rks dk;ZØe udks-

tsOgk gh ckreh vknj.kh; Jh- mnhIr js ;kaP;kdMs xsyh rsOgk mnhIr js uh R;kauk

cksyowu ?ksÅu letwu lkafxrya- rjhgh R;kauh udkj fnyk- rsOgk mnhIr js ;kauh

'kkafrykythauk Qksu dsyk o R;kauk lkafxrya dh] v'kkizdkjpk ,-ch-bZ-pk lqekjs

300&400 'kkGkapk xzqi vkgs- rks dk;ZØe jkcfo.;kl r;kj ukgh] vkrk vki.k

dk; djk;pa\ rqEgh bdMs ;sÅu R;kauk letkowu lkaxw 'kdky dk\** rsOgk

'kkafrykythauh Qksuoj R;kauk mRrj fnya dh] ^l/;k ;k 'kkGk rqEgh cktwyk Bsok-

1700 ljdkjh 'kkGkae/;s vkiyk dk;ZØe pkyow ;k vkf.k frFkap vki.k y{k dasfær

d: ;k- vkrk vki.k ;kauk letwu lkax.;kP;k HkkuxMhr iMw u;s-*

'kkafrykythauk xksO;kyk tkÅu R;kauk letwu lkax.;kr dqByhp vMp.k

uOgrh- ijarq 'kkafrykythauh R;kosGh vlk fopkj dsyk dh] rs ts ukgh Eg.krkr rs

dk;ZØe cf?krysyk ulY;keqGs Eg.kr vkgsr- QDr dqByh rjh tSu la?kVuk vkeP;k

'kkGsr ;srs o vkEgkyk f'kdors gs R;kauk ekU; uOgra] Eg.kwu rs ukgh Eg.kr gksrs-

R;keqGs 'kkafrykythauh fopkj dsyk dh eh tjh frFks xsyks vkf.k R;kaP;k iq<s MksdsQksM

dsyh rjh mi;ksx gks.kkj ukgh- dkj.k R;kaph 'kadk osxGh gksrh- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh

mnhIr jsa uk lkafxrya dh vkrk eh dkgh ;s.kkj ukgh- ijarq ;k 'kkGk lksMwu ckdhP;k

'kkGkar vkiyk dk;ZØe jkcow ;k- R;kizek.ks ;k 'kkGkae/;s chts,lus dk;ZØe

jkcoyk ukgh-

R;k ,-ch-bZ- laLFksP;k fuo`Rr >kysY;k dkgh eq[;k/;kidkauh vkf.k

brjkauhgh ;k tkfgjkrhlkBh tsOgk vtZ dsys gksrs R;kauk 'kkafrykythauh vkotwZu

vkiY;kdMs uksdjh fnysyh gksrh- R;kauh iq.ks ;sFks izf'k{k.k ?ksrya gksra o ,d o"kZ

xksO;ke/;s loZ dk;ZØe jkcfoY;kus R;kps mRÑ"V fj>YV ckgsj vkys gksrs- R;kuarj

,-ch-bZ- LdwyP;k vf/kdkÚ;kauh R;kaP;k MksGîkkus ikfgys dh] gs dk;ZØe vfr'k;

pkaxys vkgsr- vkiysp yksd frFks dke djrkr vkf.k laiw.kZ xksO;krhy 'kkGkauh

(Archdiocesan Board of Education)

155

dk;ZØe Lohdkjys vkgsr- R;kauh xksO;krY;k 'kkGk vWfØMsV dsY;k vkgsr vkf.k

vkiyh 'kkGk vWfØMsV >kysyh ukgh- ;kaps f'k{kd izf'k{k.k] eq[;k/;kid izf'k{k.k

dk;ZØe ifj.kkedkjd vkgsr vkf.k gs [kwip mRÑ"V dke djhr vkgsr-

gs ikfgY;koj ,d o"kkZuarj ,-ch-bZ- Ldwyus Lor%gwu 'kkafrykythauk i=

ikBoya- R;kauh 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya dh gs dk;ZØe jkcfo.;kph vk/kh vkeph

r;kjh uOgrh- ijarq vkrk gs dk;ZØe vkEgkyk bFks ikfgtsr vkf.k rqEgh gs dk;ZØe

vkeP;klkBh |k- rks fnol 'kkafrykythaP;klkBh vfr'k; egÙokpk gksrk- R;kph

vusd dkj.ka gksrh- R;kP;krya ,d egÙokpa dkj.k dh R;kauh Lor%gwu gs dk;ZØe

ikfgtsr v'kh eksBÓkk eukus chts,lyk fouarh dsyh- Eg.kts R;kauk dGya dh gk

dk;ZØe fdrh pkaxyk vkgs- nqljh egÙokph xks"V v'kh >kyh dh chts,l

EgVY;kuarj gh tSu lektkph la?kVuk vkgs- ex vkeP;k f 'pu lektke/;s ;sÅu

rqEgh dk; dj.kkj\gk tks R;kaP;k MksD;kryk Hkze gksrk] rks Hkze fu?kwu xsyk- frljh

eksBh xks"V v'kh gksrh dh f 'pu /kekZrhy yksd f'k{k.k {ks=kr [kjks[kjp vfr'k;

mRÑ"V dk;Z ns'kikrGhoj djhr vkgsr- f'k{k.kke/;s xq.koRrk vk.k.;kpa dke

f 'pu lektkus xsY;k 50 o"kk±iklwu lkrR;kua dsya vkgs- f'k{k.kke/;s R;kauh >ksdwu

fnysya vkgs- Eg.kwu f 'pu lektkcíy 'kkafrykythauk [kwi vknj okVr vkyk

vkgs-

f 'pu lektkus f’k{k.k {ks=kr [kwi eksBs ;ksxnku fnys vkgs vla

'kkafrykythauk okVra vkf.k Eg.kwu tks lekt f'k{k.kke/;s vusd o"kk±iklwu dke djhr

vkgs] T;k lektkus R;kaP;k ntsZnkj 'kkGk laiw.kZ Hkkjrkr fuekZ.k dsysY;k vkgsr v'kk

lektkus chts,lus dsysys dk;ZØe Lor%gwu Lohdkj.ks] R;kph iz'kalk dj.ks o

chts,lyk lkaxwu rs dk;ZØe vkeP;kdMs dj.;kP;k lanHkkZryk fu.kZ; tkghj dj.ks

gh 'kkafrykythaP;k –f"Vdksukrwu lokZr LrqR; xks"V gksrh- R;keqGs 'kkafrykythauk

vkuan okVyk o R;kauh rRijrsus ;k loZ f 'pu laLFkkae/;s vkiys dk;ZØe

jkcfo.;klkBhph ;a=.kk lTt dsyh-

xksO;ke/;s 'kkafrykythauh rhu o"ksZ loZ 'kkGkae/;s vfr'k; eksBîkk

izek.kkoj dk;ZØe jkcoys- rhu o"kk±P;k dkekpkp djkj gksrk- ijarq xksO;kps f'k{k.k

lapkyd o 'kS{kf.kd {ks=krhy ikp milapkyd] f'k{k.kkf/kdkjh v'kk loZ yksdkaph

,d Vhe rhu o"kk±uarj chts,lP;k dk;kZy;kr iq.;kyk vkyh- R;kauh chts,lP;k

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156

dk;ZdR;k±cjkscj lHkk ?ksryh- loZ vf/kdkjh brds [kw"k gksrs dh LVkQP;k feVhaxe/;s

xksO;kP;k f'k{k.k lapkyd MkW- lsYlk fiaVks ;kauh 'kkafrykythauk lkafxrya dh tjh rhu

o"ksZ >kysyh vlyh rjh vk.k[kh ,d o"kZ rqEgh bFka jkfgyap ikfgts o xksO;kyk enr

dsyhp ikfgts- rh 100 VDds rqEgh ekU; djky v'kh ek>h [kk=h vkgs vkf.k rqEgkyk

gs vkeP;klkBh djkoap ykxsy gs lkax.;klkBh vkEgh xksO;kgwu iq.;kyk vkyks

vkgksr-

MkW- lsYlk fiaVks ;kauh iq.;kP;k dk;kZy;kr chts,lcíy pkaxys mn~xkj

dk<ys- tsOgk ljdkjP;k orhus o ,-ch-bZ- Ldwylkj[;k f 'pu lektkP;k orhus

,d o"kZ vk.k[kh tkLr dke dj.;kph 'kkafrykythauk fouarh dsyh xsyh rsOgk

'kkafrykythauh xksO;kpa dke vk.k[kh ,d o"kZ dsya- xksO;kpa pkj o"kk±pa dke laiya-

'kkafrykythauh frFkya vkWQhl can dsya- vkiys yksd iq.;kyk vk.kys vkf.k nqlÚ;k

dkekpk fopkj lq: >kyk-

xksO;kps ,l-,l-lh cksMkZps fudky ykxys- xsY;k 40&50 o"kk±e/;s

xksO;kr brds pkaxys fudky d/khp ykxysys uOgrs- 40 o"kk±P;k fudkykP;k

bfrgklkph eksMrksM d:u ekxP;k o"kk±is{kk 20 VDds fudky ok<ys- tsOgk i=dkjkauh

xksok cksMkZP;k v/;{kkauk ;k o"khZP;k fudkykr [kwi eksBh LrqR; ok< >kyh vkgs

;kP;kcíy rqEgh dk; lkaxky\ vls fopkjys] rsOgk xksok cksMkZP;k v/;{kkauh i=dkj

ifj"knse/;s Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus bFka ;sÅu th dkea dsysyh vkgsr R;kP;keqGs gk

fudky ok<ysyk vkgs gh dcqyh 'kkafrykythaP;k xSjgtsjhe/;s Lor%gwu i=dkjkauk

fnyh- rlsp lapkfydk MkW- lsYlk fiaVks ;kauhgh Lor% i=dkjkauk Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus

dsysY;k dkekeqGs vkeps fudky ok<ysys vkgsr ;kph dcqyh fnyh- gh nksUgh

orZekui=s tsOgk 'kkafrykythauk okpk;yk feGkyh rsOgk R;kauk okVya dh vki.k ts

dkgh dke pkj o"kkZr dsya] ts dkgh ifjJe vkiY;kyk >kys] R;kpa pht >kya o ;k

pkaxY;k fudkykeqGs xksO;kP;k uohu fi<hyk pkaxyh la/kh feGkyh- gk vkuan o

okVysya lek/kku 'kkafrykythaP;k cksy.;krwu O;Dr gksr gksra-

v'kk i/nrhus xksO;ke/;s 'kkafrykythauk dke dj.;kr eksBîkk izek.kkoj

;'k vkys- xksok ljdkjus ;k lanHkkZrya /kU;oknkpa i= chts,lyk fnya- ,u-Ogh-,l-

phgh rhu o"kkZph eqnr laiyh- ,u-Ogh-,l-us [kwi vkuan O;Dr dsyk o rhu o"kk±P;k

dkekpa Js; 'kkafrykythauk fnya- vanekups f'k{k.k lfpo mnhIr js] ;kauhgh chts,lps

vuqHko fo'kn dsys- R;kapk rhu o"kZ vaneku] rhu o"kZ xksok vlk lgk o"kk±pk eksBk

¼

157

vuqHko] lgokl chts,lyk ykHkyk o ;krwu ,d [kwi pkaxyk vuqHko chts,lyk

?ks.;kph la/kh feGkyh-

;k loZ xks"Vh lairk lairk 'kkafrykythauk xqtjkrps eq[;ea=h ek- Jh ujsanz

eksnh ;kaP;kdMwu Qksu vkyk- rs Eg.kkys] ^^'kkys; f'k{k.kkoj rqEgh ts dkgh dke

dsysya vkgs rs dk; dke dsysya vkgs] d'kk i/nrhus dsysya vkgs rs vkEgkyk nk[kok-

vkEgkykgh rqeP;k vuqHkokpk Qk;nk ?;k;pk vkgs o xqtjkr ljdkj Lor%gwu

rqEgkyk ;k lanHkkZryh ppkZ dj.;klkBh fuea=.k nsr vkgs-** 'kkafrykyth R;kaP;k

ofj"B inkf/kdkÚ;kauk ?ksÅu ek- Jh- ujsanz eksnh ;kaP;k HksVhlkBh xsys-

ek- Jh- ujsanz eksnh ;kauh ;k loZ xks"Vh letwu ?ksrY;kuarj xqtjkre/;s gs

dk;ZØe dls dsys tkrhy ;kcíy ppkZ lq: dsyh- 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrya dh eh

laiw.kZ jkT;kph tckcnkjh vkt ?ksÅ 'kdr ukgh- dkj.k rqeP;k jkT;krY;k 'kkGk Qkj

eksBîkk vkgsr- vkeph rso<h {kerk ukgh- R;kauh vlagh lkafxrya dh vkEgh yodjp

vkrk vkeps ts lxGs dk;ZØe vkgsr rs ;k 7&8 o"kk±P;k vuqHkokuarj vkrk iw.kZi.ks

uohu dj.kkj vkgksr] vkeP;k /kksj.kke/;s cny ?kM.kkj vkgs- vWfØMhVs'ku vlks

fdaok f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vlks] gs [kwi osxGîkk i/nrhus iq<s ?ksÅu ;s.kkj vkgksr-

R;keqGs iw.kZ jkT;kph vkrk tckcnkjh eh ?ksÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh- ijarq rqEgh nksu ftYgs

vkEgkyk |k- R;k nksu ftYgîkkae/;s eh vlk iz;ksx d: bfPNrks dh ,dk ftYgîkke/;s

ek>s dk;ZØe eh tqU;k i/nrhus jkcorks vkf.k ,dk ftYgîkke/;s ek>s dk;ZØe eh

uohu i/nrhus jkcorks o ;k lxGîkke/;s egÙokpk dk;ZØe vkgs rks ewY;kadukpk

¼vWfØMhVs'kupk½] R;keqGs ckdhps ts dk;ZØe] Hkysgh eh nksUgh ftYgîkkae/;s lkj[ks

nsbZu- ijarq vWfØMhVs'kupk tks dk;ZØe vkgs gk eh tqU;k i/nrhizek.ks ,dk ftYgîkkr

djsu o uohu i/nrhus nqlÚ;k ftYgîkkr djsu-

'kkafrykythauh ;klkBh nksu ftYgs fuoMys- xqtjkr ljdkjus ;klkBh

'kkafrykythacjkscj djkj dsyk- vaneku o xksO;kizek.ksp djkj dj.;kr vkyk- r'kkp

izdkjph ^,EikWojesaV dfeVh* dj.;kr vkyh- R;k /krhZoj ueZnk o Hk:p ;k nksu

ftYgîkkr dke lq: >kya- ,dk ftYgîkke/;s loZ 'kkGk vWfØMsV >kY;k o ckdhps

dk;ZØe nksUgh ftYgîkke/;s jkcfo.;kps dke lq: >kya- ijarq nqlÚ;k ftYgîkkP;k

'kkGk 'kkafrykythauh vWfØMsV dsY;k ukghr dkj.k R;kauk R;k uohu i/nrhus vWfØMsV

djk;P;k gksR;k- rksi;ZUr xqtjkr ljdkjus R;kaP;k Lor%pa vWfØMhVs'ku izksxzke vlkok

Eg.kwu ,d tkfgjkr fnyh- laiw.kZ Hkkjrkrwu yksdkaps VsaMj ekxoys-

'kkafrykythauh gs VsaMj Hk:u ikBok;pa Bjoya- rs VsaMj Hkjrkuk rs tsOgk

158

xqtjkre/;s nksu&rhu osGk xsys rsOgk xqtjkr ljdkjus ds-ih-,e-th- laLFksyk gs loZ

vf/kdkj fnys gksrs- ds-ih-,e-th-us mRÑ"V o vk/kqfud i/nrhus xqtjkr ljdkjP;k

'kkGk vWfØMsV dj.;klkBh eksBh tkfgjkr fnyh- VsaMj vfr'k; eksBa o izHkkoh

cufo.;kr vkya- R;ke/;s rkaf=d Nkuuhph ¼VsfDudy LØqVhuhph½ th i/nr

ykoysyh gksrh rh [kwip mRÑ"V gksrh- rh 'kkafrykythauk [kwi vkoMyh- ijarq R;k

laiw.kZ VsaMje/khy ,d vV 'kkafrykythauk [kVdyh- rh v'kh gksrh dh th laLFkk

fuoMyh tkbZy rh vkepk vWfØMhVs'kupk dk;ZØe r;kj djsy- frus nqlÚ;k dqBY;k

jkT;ke/;s tkÅu vWfØMhVs'ku djko;kps ukgh fdaok djk;pa vlsy rj fryk xqtjkr

ljdkjph ijokuxh ?;koh ykxsy- xqtjkryk iUukl VDds R;kryk uQk |kok ykxsy-

'kkafrykythauh xqtjkrP;k vf/kdkÚ;kauk tkÅu lkafxrya dh vkEgh laiw.kZ

Hkkjrke/;s dke djhr vkgksr] R;keqGs rqEgh QDr xqtjkre/;sp dke djk;pa gh vV

dk<wu Vkdk- rh xks"V xqtjkr ljdkjus ,sdyh ukgh o rh vV r'khp Bsoyh- R;keqGs

lq#okrhyk 'kkafrykythauh vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh vki.k VsaMj Hkjk;ppa ukgh- dkj.k

vkiY;kyk rs dke djk;pap ukgh- ijarq chts,lP;k lapkyd eaMGkus vla lkafxrya

dh vki.k VsaMj Hkjkoa] ;keqGs vki.k dqBa vkgksr ;kpa vkReijh{k.k vkiY;kyk

nqlÚ;kaP;k ek/;ekus djrk ;sbZy- t.kw dkgh vkiY;k vWfØMhVs'ku dk;ZØekps rs

vkWMhVp gksbZy- vlk ^Mk;jsDVj cksMkZpk* fopkj gksrk- 'kkafrykythauk rks fopkj

iVyk- R;kauh gs VsaMj Hkjya-

159

Rh lxGh izkslsl iw.kZ >kyh- tsOgk R;k VsaMlZps fj>YV ykxys rsOgk ts ifgys

lgk yksd vkys R;k lgk yksdkae/;s Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuspk uacj ifgyk ykxyk- brj

ikp yksd gs R;k ekukus [kwip ikBhekxs gksrs- R;kgh laLFkk vfr'k; eksBîkk gksR;k- ijarq

'kkafrykythauh ;k {ks=kr ckth ekjyh vkf.k laiw.kZ HkkjrkP;k VsaMjP;k] eksBeksBîkk

yksdkaP;k Nkuuhe/kwu rTK yksdkauh r;kj dsysY;k iz.kkyhis{kk ¼ekWMsy½ lq/nk

'kkafrykythaph iz.kkyh lxGîkkr ljl Bjyh- ;keqGs R;kauk [kwi lek/kku okVya- ijarq

'kkafrykythauk rh vV ekU; uOgrh Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauh rs VsaMj ?ksrya ukgh- ek=

Lor%pk dk;ZØe vfr'k; mRÑ"V vkgs gs fl/n d:u nk[koya-

tjh 'kkafrykythauh xqtjkr ljdkjpa VsaMj ?ksrysya ulya rjh o"kZ&nhM

o"kk±uarj pkSd'kh dsyh vlrk vla letya dh vtwugh rs dke nqlja dq.kh iw.kZ d:

'kdysya ukgh!

NksVîkkNksVîkk jkT;krY;k] dsaæ'kkflr izns'kkrY;k o ,u-Ogh-,l-P;k v'kk

osxosxGîkk izdkjP;k 'kkGk] R;kaps eq[;k/;kid] f'k{kd] 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh ;k

lxGîkkaP;k cjkscjhus dke dj.;kpk lkr&vkB o"kk±pk vuqHko ,MÓkqfDoiP;k

ek/;ekus chts,lyk feGkyk- 'kkafrykythauh 2002 rs 2012 i;ZUr v'kk ngk

o"kk±P;k dkyko/khe/;s vaneku] xksok] ,u-Ogh-,l- o ,Q-ts-bZ-vk;- P;k 4500 is{kk

tkLr 'kkGkae/;s ;'kLohjhR;k vkiyh Vhe] vkiyk iSlk gk ik.;klkj[kk [kpZ d:u

'kS{kf.kd {ks=kryk eqGkiklwu loZ vuqHko ?ksryk- gh 10 o"kZs 'kkafrykythaP;k n`"Vhus

vfr'k; egÙokph Bjyh-

;k 10 o"kk±P;k fof'k"V izdkjP;k vuqHkoko:u 'kkafrykythauh vkiys /kksj.k

cny.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk o ;k pkyysY;k dk;ZØekae/;s] /kksj.kkae/;s] i/nrhe/;s

vuqHkokus cny d:u gs iw.kZ HkkjrHkj ?ksÅu tk.;klkBh uohu i/nr dk; vlkoh

Eg.kwu iqUgk ,dnk vkReijh{k.k dj.;kP;k lanHkkZryk fu.kZ; ?ksryk- R;keqGs 2012 gs

o"kZ vkReijh{k.kkps o"kZ iqUgk ,dnk la?kVusP;k leksj vkys- Eg.kts oSf'k"VÓk vla dh

1985 lkyh la?kVuk lq: >kyh- 1985 rs 1993 gk ,d VÉux ikWbZUV vkB o"kkZpk]

iq<pk 9 o"kkZpk] R;kosGsyk dsysya eksBa vkReijh{k.k o R;kP;kuarj 2012 e/;s

Eg.kts 10 o"kk±uarj] Eg.kts frljk VÉux ikWbZUV vkf.k vkrk ;kosGh dsysya

vkReijh{k.k- Eg.kts 8] 9 vkf.k 10 o"ksZ lkrR;kus dke djrkuk rhu uohu VÉux

ikWbZUV o rhu fBdk.kh eksBs vkReijh{k.k v'kk i/nrhus 'kkafrykythapk gk izokl lq:

jkfgyk-

160

22 : A°{H«$S>rQ>oeZ d {ejH$ à{ejU'kkafrykyth >ikVwu dke djrkr i.k R;kuarj vkReijh{k.kgh djrkr gs

R;kapa ,d oSf’k"V - rs gs ijh{k.k dla djrkr ;kcíy eyk Qkj mRlqdrk okVs Eg.kwu

eh R;kauk fopkjya] ^^

~;

2012 e/;s ekxP;k 10 o"kk±P;k dkekpa vkReijh{k.k ts dkgh

vki.k dsysya vkgs R;kpa fo'ys"k.k vki.k dla djky\**-

R;kauh ts mRrj fnys rs vls] ^^2002 lkyh eh 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr 'kkys;

f'k{k.kke/;s y{k dsafnzr d:u dke dj.;kpk tks fu.kZ; ?ksryk] R;ke/;s ljdkjP;k

ftYgk ifj"knsP;k] uxjikfydsP;k] egkuxjikfydsP;k 'kkGkaP;ke/;s eyk bFkwu iq<P;k

vk;q";kr dke djk;pa vkgs] vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk gksrk- vkrk gk fu.kZ; ?ksÅu eyk 10

o"ksZ iw.kZ >kyh vkgsr- brdk eksBk osG ?kkyfoY;kf'kok; R;kpa [kja :i] [kja mRrj

¼lksY;w'ku½] ykac VII;kpa lksY;w'ku] ifjorZukph ukanh vl.kkja lksY;w'ku] ,d Økarh

?kMow 'kdsy vla lksY;w'ku gs 'kks/k.;klkBh ts dkgh 10 o"kkZr dk;Z dsya xsya

R;kP;keqGs gs eq[; mfí"V eh lk/; d: 'kdyks- eyk R;kpk xkHkk dGw ykxyk o rks

lxGk dGwu vkY;keqGs fuf'prp iq<P;k dk;ZØeklkBh vkrk eh 'kaHkj VDds lTt

>kyks vkgs gs eyk vuqHkoko:u fuf'pri.kkus lkaxrk ;sÅ 'kdsy- [kwi vFkd

ifjJekuarj tkusokjh 2012 e/;s chts,lps vWfØMhVs'kups uohu vkn'kZ eksMÓkwy

iw.kZi.ks r;kj >kysys vkgs-

^^gs uohu eksMÓkwy jkcfo.;kps /kksj.k dls vk[kkos ;k lanHkkZrgh fopkj&

fofue; iw.kZ >kysyk vkgs- R;klkBhph dk;Zi/nrh uDdh dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

R;keqGs vWfØMhVs'ku ;k dk;ZØekyk lxGîkkr tkLr egÙo nsÅu Hkkjrke/;s v'kk

izdkjps dk;ZØe miyC/k ulY;keqGs R;kojrh vki.k ^fn'kkn'kZd dk;ZØe* Eg.kwu

R;kyk O;ofLFkr r;kj d:u lTt Bsoyk vkgs- R;keqGs bFkwu iq<ph fn'kk R;koj

voyacwu jkg.kkj vkgs- gs 10 o"kkZrY;k d"Vkpa Qfyr vkgs vls eh ekurks-

vkrk iq<P;k 10 o"kk±lkBh eh vlk fu.kZ; ?ksrysyk vkgs dh gk tks

vWfØMhVs'ku uohu izksxzke r;kj dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs] gk dk;ZØe [kÚ;k vFkkZus loZ

'kkGkaps vWfØMhVs'ku d: 'kdrks- txke/;s loZ= 'kS{kf.kd xq.koRrk ok<fo.;klkBh

vWfØMhVs'ku

161

vWfØMhVs'kuyk vuU;lk/kkj.k egÙo ns.;kr vkysys vkgs- vkiY;kdMsgh dkWystyk

tls uWd vWfØMhVs'ku d:u R;kauk ntkZ fnyk tkrks] rlap 'kkGse/;sgh 'kkGkaps

vWfØMhVs'ku d:u R;kauk ntkZ nsÅu rks ntkZ ok<fo.;klkBh Eg.ktsp xq.koRrk

ok<fo.;klkBh Ñrh dk;ZØe r;kj d:u dke dsya tkoa- vla dsya ukgh rj dnkfpr

iq<P;k dkGkr vk.k[khup tkLr vMp.kh fuekZ.k gks.;kph 'kD;rk vkgs- Eg.kwu

vWfØMhVs'kupa dke gs loZ jkT;krY;k 'kkGkai;ZUr dla iksgpsy ;kojrh ek>k

fopkj&fofue; lq: vkgs- gs dke vfr'k; ftdhjhpa o vo?kM vkgs ;kph eyk

dYiuk vkgs- ;kiwohZ eh 'kklukP;k cjkscj djkj d:u R;kaP;k 'kkGk foukewY;

vWfØMsV dsY;k vkgsr-

;k lxGîkkr iSls feGfo.ka gk ek>k mís'k uOgrk o eyk ,d ewyHkwr izdYi

r;kj d:u vWfØMhVs'kups osxosxGs vuqHko ?;k;ps gksrs- Eg.kwu eh rs d: 'kdyks-

eh r;kj dsysyk vWfØMhVs'kupk gk dk;ZØe ljdkjP;k f'k{k.k [kkR;kdMs dlk fnyk

tkok] rks laiw.kZ HkkjrHkj dlk il: 'kdsy ;k lanHkkZr fopkj dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

;kph vaeyctko.kh jkT; ikrGhoj dj.;kP;k n`f"Vdksukrwu vusd jkT;ka'kh laidZ

dj.;kps dke pkyw vkgs- gk dk;ZØe] dkS'kY;] lkW¶Vosvj] MkWD;qesaVs'ku] ÝseodZ]

jkcfo.;kP;k ;kstuk] izf'k{k.k bR;knh ckch chts,l loZ jkT;kauk foukewY; ns.;kl

r;kj vkgs- ;k ;kstusuqlkj jkT; ljdkjus fofo/k vWfØMhVs'ku dj.kkÚ;k laLFkk usewu

R;kaP;kdMwu vWfØMhVs'ku d:u ?ks.;kph geh ns.ks vko';d vkgs- v'kk i/nrhus gk

dk;ZØe ns'kHkj jkcfo.;kpk iz;Ru lq: vkgs- ;sR;k 5&10 o"kkZar gs dke iw.kZ

gks.;kph 'kD;rk vkgs-

f'k{kd gk Hkkjrkrhy f'k{k.k i/nrhrhy lokZr tkLr egÙokpk ?kVd o

dsanzfcanw vkgs- ljdkjh i/nrhe/;s f'k{kdkauh uksdjh feG.;klkBh vko';d vlysys

Mh-,M-] ch-,M- lkj[ks dkslsZl dsysys vlrkr gs ekU; vkgs- ijarq izR;sd jkT;kr

fu;qDr dsysY;k uohu f'k{kdkauk vkiY;k ljdkjh ;a=.kse/;s dke djhr vlrkuk

R;kauk fof'k"V izdkjps vfr'k; pkaxys] ;ksX;] egÙoiw.kZ vls baMD'ku Vsªfuax ns.;kph

vR;ar vko';drk vkgs- myVi{kh cÚ;kp jkT;kr vls izf'k{k.k fnya tkr ukgh-

f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe %

baMD'ku Vsªfuax

162

dkgh dkgh jkT;kr rs vfr'k; FkksMa o =ksVd vlra- rs ifjiw.kZ vlr ukgh-

l/;kP;k ifjfLFkrhr [kktxh {ks=kr rlsp ljdkjh ;a=.kse/;slq)k cÚ;kp

osxosxGîkk foHkkxkr izf'k{k.k ;k fo"k;koj [kkl y{k fnya tkr vkgs- fdrhgh eksBs

vk;-,-,l-] vk;-ih-,l- vf/kdkjh vlys rjhlq)k R;kauk izf'k{k.k fnya tkra-

vkehZe/;s] oS|dh; {ks=krlq)k izf'k{k.kkoj Hkj ns.;kr vkysyk vkgs-

'kkys; f'k{k.kke/;s ljdkjus f'k{kdkaph Hkjrh djrkuk baMD'ku Vsªfuaxus

izHkkoh lq#okr dj.ka t#jh vkgs- uksdjh ykxysY;k O;Drhyk vk;q";Hkjke/;s rs dke

dla dsya ikfgts] eqyka'kh&ikydka'kh d'kk izdkjpa orZu vlkoa] eqykaps iz'u dls

lksMok;ps] Lor%e/;s dks.krs cny t#jh vkgsr] Lor%P;k O;fDreÙoke/;s dls cny

dsys tkosr v'kk vla[; xks"Vh ;k baMD'ku VsªfuaxP;k ek/;ekus dsY;k tk.ks vR;ar

vko';d vkgs- gk lokZr eksBk vuqHko eyk ;k 10 o"kk±P;k dkyko/khr feGkyk-

ekÖ;k –f"Vdksukrwu ;k loZ xks"Vhaph [kksyh y{kkr ;s.ka] R;kph dkj.ka letwu ?ks.ka gs

vuqHko o f'k{k.k eyk feGkya] gs eh ek>a HkkX; letrks- R;keqGs eh gk fo"k;

vfr'k; lw{ei.ks gGwgGw] VII;kVII;kus Ñrhr vk.k.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

T;k xq#tukaojrh vkeP;k iq<P;k fi<hps laLdkj voyacwu vkgsr] f'k{k.k

voyacwu vkgs] R;kauk f'k{k.k ns.kkjh f'k{kd ukokph ,deso ;a=.kk ns'kkr miyC/k

vkgs- R;keqGs ;k fo"k;kdMs vf/kd tkLr xkaHkh;kZus y{k ns.;kph vko';drk vkgs

vla ;k 10 o"kk±P;k vuqHkoko:u okVw ykxya- chts,lP;k ek/;ekus 10 o"kkZr

13]660 f'k{kdkauk izf'k{k.k ns.;kpk iznh?kZ vuqHko vkEgkyk feGkyk- gs osxosxGîkk

jkT;krys f'k{kd tjh vlys rjh vuqHko FkksMÓkkQkj izek.kkr lkj[ksp vkgsr- R;keqGs

;k fo"k;koj lq)k iq"dG vuqHko o fparu d:u eh [kwi uouohu ;kstuk leksj

vk.kY;k- Hkjiwj la'kks/ku d:u f'k{kd izf'k{k.kkP;k loZ i/nrh letwu ?ksrY;k-

osxosxGîkk jkT;kaph ;k lanHkkZryh /kksj.ka letwu ?ksryh- ;k lanHkkZrys dsanzh; /kksj.k o

dk;ns gsgh letwu ?ksrys- R;keqGs ;k izR;{k vuqHkokcjkscj la'kks/ku o ljdkjh /kksj.ka

;kaph tksM R;kyk ykowu f'k{kd izf'k{k.k] eq[;k/;kidkaps l{kehdj.k o f'k{k.k

{ks=krys 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh ;kaps l{kehdj.k ;k fo"k;koj eh Bksl ikoya mpyk;yk

lq#okr dsyh- gh ikoya mpyr vlrkuk lokZr egÙokpk o tkLr Hkj gk izkFkfed

izf'k{k.kkyk & baMD'ku Vsªfuaxyk & fnyk-

163

;k izf'k{k.kkpk vkjk[kMk r;kj djrkuk iznh?kZ vuqHkokeqGs eh Bjoya dhR;kP;ke/;s fnolkrwu 10 fefuValq)k izf'k{k.k ns.kkÚ;k ek.klkyk daVkGk ;srk dkeku;s- rs iw.kZi.ks ijLij laoknh] glr[ksGr] ppkZRed i/nrhus] vfr'k; [ksGhesGhP;kokrkoj.kkr o R;kp cjkscj R;kpa xkaHkh;Z gjork dkek u;s ;k xks"Vhapk fopkj d:ulq#okrhyk 2002 iklwu f'k{kd izf'k{k.kkpk ,d laqnj dk;ZØe r;kj dj.;krvkyk- R;ke/;s feGkysY;k ;'kkus eh vfr'k; lek/kkuh vkgs-

l/;k Hkkjrkr 13 yk[k 'kkGk vlwu 5]23]000 f'k{kdkaph derjrk vkgs-rlsp uqdrkp ^jkbZV Vw ,T;qds'ku* dk;nk ikl >kY;keqGs o loksZPp U;k;ky;kus;koj f'kDdkeksrZc dsY;keqGs vk.k[kh 5]10]000 f'k{kdkaph Hkjrh ;k dk;|keqGsdjkoh ykx.kkj vkgs- l/;k ts vfLrRokr vl.kkjs f'k{kd vkgsr R;ke/;s7]74]000 f'k{kd f'k{k.kklkBh vko';d vl.kkÚ;k inoh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ >kysysukghr- fofo/k jkT; ljdkjs o Hkkjr ljdkjyk ;k loZ f'k{kdkaph fu;qDrh dks.kR;kghifjfLFkrhr yodjkr yodj dj.ks lnj dk;|keqGs ca/kudkjd vkgs- v'kk osGh ;kuohu f'k{kdkauk ;ksX; baMD'ku Vsªfuax izksxzke fnyk rjp f'k{k.k {ks=kr vkewykxz cny?kMw 'kdrhy] gs chts,lus vksG[kys vkgs-

R;keqGs chts,lus r;kj dsysyk 60 fnolkapk baMD'ku Vsªfuax izksxzke xsY;kvusd o"kk±iklwu lq: vkgs- R;kps ifj.kke 500 ljdkjh 'kkGkae/kwu fnlwu vkysysvkgsr- ;k 'kkGkaps fp= cnyysys vkgs- gs lacaf/kr lok±uh ekU; dsys vkgs- ;kpsbEiWDV vWlslesaV dsfEczt ;qfuOgflZVh o brj vkarjjk"Vªh; rTK yksdkauhgh dsysys vkgso ;k VsªfuaxeqGs chM ftYgÓkkrhy vk"Vh o ikVksnk rkyqD;krhy loZ ftYgkifj"knsP;k'kkGkae/;s vkewykxz ifjorZu >kY;kps fl/n >kys vkgs- gs dke chts,l mRÑ"Vi.ksd: 'kdrs- R;keqGs f'k{k.k {ks=kr fuf'prp eksBh Økarh gksÅ 'kdsy] v'kkizdkjphO;wgjpuk chts,lus r;kj d:u Bsoyh vkgs-

T;k 'kkGkaP;ke/;s gs izf'kf{kr >kysys f'k{kd f'kdor vkgsr R;kaps fo|kFkhZo ikyd gsgh ;koj [kwi lek/kkuh vkgsr- tj gk f'k{kd ,[kk|k fno'kh 'kkGsr xsykukgh rj 'kkGsryh eqya vLoLFk gksrkr- eqya f'k{kdkaph vkrqjrsua okV ikgr vlrkr-brdk eksBk cny ;k izf'k{k.kkus ?kMoyk vkgs- T;k 'kkGse/;s gs f'k{kd tkr vkgsr]rsFkhy eqykaP;k la[;srhy xGrh deh >kyh vkgs- eqykauk f'kLr ykxysyh vkgs-vkivkilkrhy ekjkekÚ;k vfr'k; deh >kysY;k vkgsr- vkivkilkrhy izse oln~Hkko ;ke/;s o`/nh >kysyh vkgs- nqlÚ;kyk enr dj.;kph izo`Rrh fo|kF;kZae/;sfuekZ.k >kyh vkgs- izf'k{k.kkpk gk mik; 'kks/kwu rks ;'kLoh dj.;ke/;s feGkysY;k;'kkus eyk vfr'k; lek/kku okVrs-

164

bulfOgZl Vsªfuax eksMîkwYl

ftrds baMD'ku Vsªfuax egÙokps vkgs] frrdsp bulfOgZl Vsªfuax egÙokpsvkgs- ;k nksUghlkBh izR;sd jkT;ke/;s ;k fo"k;koj /kksj.ka Bjfoysyh vkgsr- fu;kstupkaxya vkgs o jkT;ikrGhiklwu ftYgk ikrGhi;±r dkgh fu;ekaP;k ek/;ekus o brjjkT; 'kklukP;k dkgh laLFkkaP;k ek/;ekus izf'k{k.k ns.;klkBh ik;kHkwr lqfo/kk miyC/kdj.;kr vkysY;k vkgsr- R;keqGs laiw.kZ Hkkjrkr f'k{kdkauk bulfOgZl Vsªfuaxns.;klkBh ljdkjus tk.khoiwoZd pkaxys iz;Ru d:u] R;klkBh osxGîkk fu/khph lks;d:u] izR;sd jkT;kus vkivkiY;k n`"Vhus ;k foHkkxkyk egÙo fnysya vkgs-

chts,lus bulfOgZl VsªfuaxlkBh laiw.kZ la'kks/ku d:u o Lor%P;k 25o"kk±P;k vuqHkokuarj 4 o"kk±P;k dkyko/khr uksdjh pkyw vlrkuk 800 rklkapsosxosxGs f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe r;kj dsys vkgsr- ;klkBh ns'kHkj ojkT;k&jkT;kr tkfgjkrh nsÅu loZ fBdk.kP;k f'k{k.k izf'k{k.kkph ekfgrh xksGk d:u?ksÅu] xsY;k 50 o"kk±r ;k fo"k;koj lkrR;kus ;'kLoh dke dj.kkÚ;k laLFkkauk ,d=d:u R;kiSdh dkgh laLFkka'kh Hkkfxnkjh d:u chts,lus ;k fo"k;kr 800 rklkapsvfr'k; izHkkoh] ifj.kkedkjd] lok±xh.k n`f"Vdksukpk mi;ksx d:u]vkRefo'oklke/;s ok< d:u] vusd dykxq.kkaph o`/nh d:u] Lor% f'k{kdkae/;svk/kh ifjorZu d:u uarjp fo|kF;k±uk cny.;kph tckcnkjh R;kaP;koj lksiowu ,difjiw.kZ f'k{kd cufo.;klkBhps chts,lps gs [kkl iz;Ru ;'kLoh >kysys vkgsr-;klkBh Kku izcksf/kuh o brj dkgh R;kxh o vuqHkoh laLFkka'kh fof'k"V dkj.kklkBhHkkxhnkjh dj.;kr vkyh vkgs-

ts vkn'kZ eksMÓkwy eyk ikfgts gksrs] rs ekÖ;k lek/kkukizek.ks cuoys vkgsr-

R;keqGs ekÖ;k vko';drsuqlkj eksMÓkwy r;kj d:u ?ksr vlrkuk R;kapk ;krhy

vuqHko vfr'k; nkaMxk vlY;keqGs rs dke vfr'k; O;ofLFkr lq: >kya-

f'k{k.kkpk ntkZ tj vkiY;kyk pkaxyk djk;pk vlsy] rj l{kef'k{kdkf'kok; nqljk dks.krkgh i;kZ; ukgh- vki.k dks.kR;kgh f'k{kdkyk dkeko:udk<w 'kdr ukgh- R;keqGs baMD'ku Vsªfuax o bulfOgZl Vsªfuax ;k nksUgh Vsªfuaxyk HkDdedsY;kf'kok; f'k{k.k {ks=kr dks.krkgh cny ?kM.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwup chts,l xsyh 20o"ksZ ;k fo"k;kyk lokZr tkLr izk/kkU; nsr vkgs-

'kkafrykythaP;k loZp dkekaph n[ky ?ks.kkÚ;k ek- Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu ;kauh;kgh dkekph iz'kalk vxnh eukiklwu dsyh- rs Eg.kkys ^^'kkafrykytha'kh ek>k ifjp;lqekjs 35 o"ksZ tquk- vfr'k; drZ`Rooku vlk gk dk;ZdrkZ vkgs- 'kwU;krwuLodrZ`Rokoj fo'o fuekZ.k dj.kkjk! chM lkj[;k ftYgîkkrwu & ejkBokMÓkkrhy

165

ekxkloxhZ; izns'kkrwu vkysya gs dqVqac iq.;ke/;s LFkkf;d >kya- 'kkafrykyth vktvxzx.; lektlsod Eg.kwu vksG[kys tkrkr- ekÖ;kis{kk o;kus rs 10&12 o"kk±uhygku vkgsr i.k dkgh {ks=kr eh R;kauk egku usrk ekurks-

lektlsok] vkiRrh O;oLFkkiu vkf.k 'kS{kf.kd v'kk rhu {ks=kr rsvfr'k; vkRefo'oklkua] nwjn`"Vhua Qkj pkaxya dke djhr vkgsr- fo'ks"kr%ekxklysY;k Hkkxkrhy eqyk&eqyhauk f'k{k.kklkBh izsfjr dj.ka] dkSVqafcd vkf.klkekftd iz'ukr ;ksX; ekxZn'kZu dj.ka gk R;kapk Nan vkgs- fu%LokFkZ Hkkousua] Lor%psiSls [kpZ d:u gh O;Drh lektlsok djrs- pkaxyk ek.kwl r;kj Ogkok]fo|kFkhZn'ksiklwup R;kP;koj pkaxys laLdkj Ogkosr gs R;kaps ewG /;s; vkgs- R;klkBhrs eq[;r% osG nsrkr] iSls [kpZ djrkr- lxGîkk HkkjrHkj fQjrkr-

R;kaph vis{kk v'kh vkgs dh] dkWyste/;s izksQsljkaph fuoM usVlsV ijh{ks}kjsgksrs r'kh izkFkfed vkf.k ek/;fed 'kkGsrY;k f'k{kdkaphgh Ogkoh ¼vWfØMhVs'ku½- ;ko;krp R;kaP;koj pkaxys laLdkj gks.ka visf{kr vlra- ;klkBh 'kkafrykythauh ,deksMÓkqy r;kj dsya vkgs- ts txkr dqBsgh Lohdkjya tkbZy- T;kosGh rs izlkfjr gksbZy]rsOgk f'k{k.k{ks=kr Økarh gksbZy-

lsokHkkoh] nku'kwj] eS=h dj.kkjk vkf.k dj.;kyk;d vl.kkjk ek.kwl]vR;ar LokfHkekuh] thoukr pqdhpa rj dkgh djk;pa ukghp] i.k ts djk;pa rsmRÑ"Vp vlya ikfgts] lk/kh jkg.kh ;k v'kk xq.kkaeqGs 'kkafrykyth vkeP;k lektkrf'kjks/kk;Z ekuys tkrkr- eh vla vusd fBdk.kh Eg.kkyks] Eg.krksgh] ^'kkafrykythapadke brD;k pkaxY;k ntkZpa vkgs dh R;kauk ^HkkjrjRu* gk fdrkc fnyk xsyk rjh rksdeh okVkok- 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr >ksdwu nsÅu R;kauh dsysya dke gs ;k 10&15 o"kk±rfuf'pr fnlsy vkf.k Qkj eksBh Økarh gksbZy!**

'ksoVh 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys] ^^ ek>k gsrw LoPN] Li"V vlsy o ekÖ;kdsysY;k dkeke/;s ne vlsy rj fuf'prp rs lok±uk vkoMsy o R;krwu ek>a ;kns'kkrhy f'k{k.kkph xq.koRrk lq/kkj.;kpa dke iw.kZ gksÅ 'kdsy o eh R;kyk dehrdeh pkaxyh fn'kk nsÅ 'kdsu] gkp ;k ikBhekxpk mís'k vkgs- Eg.kwu bFkwu iq<P;k 10o"kk±P;k dkGke/;s gs loZ dj.ka ;klkBh ykx.kkjh loZ ;a=.kk mHkh dj.ka o jk=afnol[kwi esgur d:u gs iw.kZ dj.ka gh ek>h iq<hy 10 o"kk±rhy ;kstuk vl.kkj vkgs-**

'kkafrykythaps vWfØMhVs’ku o f’k{kd izf’k{k.k ;kcíyps gs fopkj R;kaP;k/;klkps izrhd vkgsr-

166

2012 i;ZUr 'kkafrykthaP;k lkoZtfud thouke/;s dke dj.;kP;kizfØ;syk 27 o"ksZ iw.kZ gksr vkgsr- R;keqGs eh 'kkafrykythauk ,d iz'u fopkjyk dhl/;kP;k lkekftd ifjfLFkrhcíy vki.k dk; fopkj dsyk vkgs o vkiY;k ;k xgufparukrwu] vuqHkokrwu 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu dk;kZcjkscj vki.k vk.k[kh nqljs dkghuohu dke gkrkr ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dj.kkj vkgkr dk\ l/;kP;k lkekftd ifjfLFkrhpsvki.k FkksMD;kr fo'ys"k.k dls djky\

R;koj 'kkafrykythauh lkafxrys ^^eh 2002 lkyh f'k{k.k {ks=kr Lor%ykiw.kZi.ks lefiZr dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk o R;k n`"Vhus ek>h okVpky pkyw vkgs-'kkys; f'k{k.kkP;k lanHkkZr dkgh Bksl fopkj xsY;k vusd o"kk±iklwu pkyw vkgsr-brjgh ;k lanHkkZrys dkgh iz;ksx eh xsY;k vusd o"kk±iklwu djhr vkgs- ijarq gs tsdkgh iz;ksx lq: vkgsr ;k iz;ksxkae/;s dk; dke pkyysys vkgs gs lkxa.;kP;k iwohZ ehl/;k Hkkjrkrhy 'kkys; f'k{k.kkP;k i/nrhe/;s ,dhdMwu xq.koRrk lq/kkj.;kP;klanHkkZr dke djhr vlrkuk nqljhdMwu ewY;o/kZu ¼ihl ekWjy vkf.k OgWWY;q,T;qds'ku½ ;k fo"k;kojrhlq/nk dk;Z lq: dsys vkgs- v'kk izdkjps dk;Z lq:dj.;kekxph ik'oZHkweh dk; fdaok fopkj/kkjk dk; ;k lanHkkZr eyk vktP;kifjfLFkrhph lkekftd ik'oZHkweh fo'kn dj.ks t#jh okVrs-

vki.k ikgkr vkgksr xsY;k 25 o"kkZr laiw.kZ txke/;s eksBîkk izek.kkojifjorZu >kysys vkgs- uohu 'kks/k ykxys vkgsr] VsDukWykWth vkysyh vkgs] feMh;kvkysyk vkgs- txkrhy loZ ekfgrh ,d cVu nkcY;koj vkiY;kyk feGw 'kdrs-ekxhy 500 o"kkZr cny gks.;kph izfØ;k gh vfr'k; /khE;k xrhus vlk;ph- ijarq ;kVsDukWykWtheqGs vkrk cny vfr'k; osxkus gksÅ ykxys vkgsr- izR;sdkP;k dk;kZph odkekph i/nr gh cnyr pkyyh vkgs-

;k cnykeqGs eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkfFkZd izxrh gksÅ ykxyh vkgs- Hkkjrkphyksdla[;k tkLr vkgs- gh yksdla[;k Hkkjrkiq<s vkrki;ZUr ,d ;{k iz'u Eg.kwu]leL;k Eg.kwu nk[kfoyh tkr gksrh fdaok lacks/kyh tkr gksrh- ijarq ;k VsDukWykWtheqGso ekfgrh feG.;kP;k osxkus ghp yksdla[;k vkrk ^vWlsV*e/;s cnyysyh vkgs-Hkkjr o phu ;k nksu ns'kkaph yksdla[;k tkLr vlY;keqGs laiw.kZ txke/;s gks.kkÚ;kvkfFkZd izxrhr ;k nksu ns'kkapk flagkpk okVk vlw 'kdsy v'kh ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kyhvkgs- tsOgk v'kk izdkjps eksBs ifjorZu gksr vlrs] rsOgk vla[; xks"Vh vkiY;kleksj

23 : _yë`{ejUmMr Amdí`H$Vm

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;sr vlrkr- rsOgk uDdhp 100 pkaxY;k xks"Vhae/;s 2&5 VDds dk gksbZuk ;kvuko';d xks"Vh R;kcjkscj ;sr vlrkr-

laiw.kZ Hkkjr ns'k izxfriFkkoj pkyysyk vlrkuk ;k vk/kqfud izxrhcjkscjT;k 5 VDds vuko';d xks"Vh vkre/;s ?kqlr vkgsr o R;k Ogk;jlizek.ks 95 VDdsizxrhyk myV fn'ksus ?ksÅu tkÅ 'kdrkr brdh rkdn t'kh dEI;qVjP;k Ogk;jle/;svlrs r'kh ;k 2&5 VDds vuko';d xks"Vhae/;s vlrs- R;keqGs ns'kkP;k gks.kkÚ;kvkfFkZd izxrhyk ck/kk ;sbZy] v'kk vuko';d xks"Vh d'kk 'kks/kY;k tkO;kr o R;kvuko';d xks"Vhae/kwu gks.kkjs uqdlku deh dj.;klkBh dks.krs fo/kk;d dk;Z dsystkos fdaok dks.krh iz.kkyh r;kj dsyh tkoh] ;koj ek>s fparu xsY;k vusd o"kk±iklwulq: vkgs-

l/;k Hkkjrke/;s eksBeksBîkk leL;k fuekZ.k >kysY;k vkgsr- Hkz"Vkpkj]fgalkpkj] [kwu] njksMs] u{kyokn] vkradokn] vuSfrdrk] ,d nqlÚ;koj vkjksidj.;kph Li/kkZ] iSls feGfo.;kP;k fofo/k ;qDR;k] LokFkkZlkBh dks.kR;kgh Lrjkojtk.;kph r;kjh] jktdkj.kke/;s vfrØe.k dsysY;k viizo`Rrh] O;luk/khurk]cykRdkj] efgykaojhy vR;kpkj] ok<R;k vkRegR;k] ok<rh ckyxqUgsxkjh bR;knhvusd vls iz'u l/;k Hkkjrke/;s [kwip ok<ys vkgsr- dks.kR;kgh fnolkps odks.kR;kgh xkokps orZekui= m?kMys rj 80 VDdsis{kk tkLr ckrE;k ;kp eFkGîkkusHkjysY;k vlrkr- ;k ckchaoj vkiY;kdMs i;kZIr dk;ns miyC/k vkgsr- vlsvlwugh ;k ?kVukapk Øe T;k rsthus eksBîkk izek.kkoj ok<r pkyyk vkgs gh ckclaiw.kZ ns'kkP;k n`"Vhus vfr'k; ?kkrd vkgs-

izR;sd fBdk.kh ;k loZ fo"k;kaojrh [kwi ppkZ gksrs] Ågkiksg gksrks] eksBeksBîkk;a=.kk dkekykgh ykxrkr- ijarq Bksl mik; tkLr d:u leksj ;sr ukghr- ;k loZckchaoj eh vfr'k; xkaHkh;kZus xsyh vusd o"ksZ fopkj djhr vkgs- fdR;sd osGkjkstP;k ;k ckrE;k ,sdwu] ckrE;kp u ,sd.;kpk] Vh-Ogh- u ikg.;kpk fu.kZ; eh?ksryk- ijarq rks tkLr fnol fVdyk ukgh- tsOgk brD;k lxGîkk xks"Vh laiw.kZ ns'kkrlq: vkgsr] rsOgk ;koj fdrhgh fopkj dsyk rjh dkgh ekxZ lkiMr uOgrk- ;kpk vFkZ25 o"kk±iwohZ fdaok bfrgkldkGkrlq)k xqUgs] cykRdkj] fgalk] Hkz"Vkpkj gs loZ gksrpgksrs- ijarq brD;k eksBîkk yksdla[;se/;s ;k loZ ckchaph vkdMsokjh iwohZ vfr'k;deh vlk;ph- R;ke/;s xsY;k 25 o"kkZr ;k loZp ckchus vkrk mPpkad xkBys vkgsr-[kwi ckjdkbZus fopkj dsyk rj ;k loZ xks"Vh ,dkp fnolkr ?kMrkr dk\fdaokefgU;kr] nksu o"kkZr] ikp o"kk±r ?kMrkr dk\rj mRrj feGra brD;k loZ xks"Vhok<.;kikBhekxs 2&5 o"kk±pk dkyko/kh ukgh] rj ;kph lq#okr gh xsY;k 25&30o"kk±iklwu >kyh vlkoh vla okVra-

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osxosxGîkk O;Drhacjkscj ;k xks"Vhoj fopkjeaFku djhr vlrkuk gk ;ksX;laLdkj u feGkY;kpk ifj.kke vkgs o R;kph ifj.krh ;k loZ ?kVukaP;ke/;s gksrs vlsokVk;yk lq#okr >kyh- Eg.kts izR;sd xks"V laLdkjk'kh tksMyh tkÅ ykxyh- Hkkjrgk ,d izkphu ns'k vkgs] Hkkjrkph laLd`rh vfr'k; pkaxyh vkgs- Hkkjrke/;s fdrhghtkfr/keZ vlys rjh lyks[;kps okrkoj.k vkgs- lk/kq&larkapk ns'k Eg.kwu] ,d pkaxyhlaLd`rh vl.kkjk ns'k Eg.kwu txkleksj Hkkjrkph vksG[k vkgs- brdh eksBh mRÑ"V]pkaxyh ijaijk Hkkjrke/;s gksrh o vkgs- tj brdh pkaxyh ijaijk gksrh rj useda25&30 o"kkZr dk; ?kMya] ts.ks d:u ;k viizo`Rrhauh f'kjdko dsyk o R;keqGsHkkjrkP;k ewG laLÑrhoj ?kkyk clk;yk lq#okr >kyh] ;kpa fopkjeaFku dj.ka vR;art#jh vkgs vla eyk okVw ykxya-

Hkkjr uqlrkp pkaxyk laLÑrhiz/kku ns'k uOgs rj bFks ,d= dqVaqc i/nrhojfo'okl BsÅu] ,df=rjhR;k izxrh d:u ,desdkae/kys nks"k lkewfgdjhR;k dk<.;kpsiz;Ru dsys tkr vlr- ,d= dqVqac i/nrh ifjokjkpk izR;sdkoj pkaxY;k vFkkZus FkksMkvadq'k vlrks- ,d= dqVqac i/nrheqGs ygkui.kkiklwu eqykauk ?kjke/;s bufcYVOgWY;qt fnY;k tkr vlr- pkaxys o okbZV gs ygkui.kkiklwu ?kjke/;s letfo.;kr;sr vls- ;k vfr'k; NksVîkk xks"VheqGs vkiksvkip laLdkjkaph nsok.k?ksok.k gksr vls-25 o"kk±iwohZ Hkkjrke/;s QDr nwjn'kZu gksra- ,dp pWuy laiw.kZ Hkkjrkr pkyw vlk;pa-izR;sd jfookjh jkek;.k o egkHkkjrklkj[kk dk;ZØe ikg.;klkBh ldkGh izR;sd'kgjkrhy o [ksMÓkkryh jgnkjh can vlk;ph o loZ yksd ,d= ;sÅu jkek;.kegkHkkjr ikgr vlr- R;kp ;k Hkkjrke/;s xsY;k 25 o"kk±P;k dkyko/khrdE;qfuds'ku {ks=kr >kysY;k ØkarheqGs 150&200 osxosxGh pWuYl vkyh vkgsr-laiw.kZ HkkjrkP;k 'kgjh Hkkxkiklwu xzkeh.k Hkkxki;ZUr gh lqfo/kk miyC/k >kyh- R;keqGsVh-Ogh- gk ?kjkpk ,d fgLlk cuyk- izR;sd o;ksxVkrhy izR;sd O;Drhpk rks lokZrtoGpk cuyk- gh Økarh Eg.kts Qkj eksBh Økarh vkgs- ;k 150&200 pWuYle/;s90 VDds pWuYl gs vfr'k; pkaxys o mRÑ"V vkgsr- R;ke/kwu brda dkgh Kku oekfgrh feGw 'kdrs o R;kP;k vk/kkjkoj [ksMÓkkryk ek.kwllq/nk Lor%ph [kwi izxrhd: 'kdrks- txkrhy loZ ekfgrh ,dk {k.kke/;s loZ txkr iksgp.;kph {kerk orkdn ;k ek/;eke/;s fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs- R;keqGs laiw.kZ txp ,dk NksVîkk ;qfuVe/;scan dj.;kr vkys vkgs- ijarq tla eh ;kiwohZ lkafxrya dh ;s.kkÚ;k pkaxY;kxks"Vhacjkscj 2&5 VDds okbZV xks"Vhgh iWdste/;s ;sr vlrkr- ;k 2&5 VDds okbZVxks"Vhaiklwu tj vki.k lrdZ jkfgyks ukgh rj ;k 99 VDds pkaxY;k xks"Vhaoj lq)k;kps nq"ifj.kke gksrkr o 1&2 VDds okbZV xks"VhaeqGs 98 VDds xks"Vhaoj ik.kh QsjyatkÅ 'kdra- vlkp dkgh izdkj nwjn'kZuP;k ;k 'ksdMks pWuYleqGs fuekZ.k >kyk vkgs-

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T;k pWuYlP;k ek/;ekus Kku feGrs] mRÑ"V ekfgrh feGrs] laLdkjfeGrkr nqnSZokus v'kk loZ pWuYlpk Vh-vkj-ih- gk lokZis{kk deh vkgs- lkgftdpO;olk; dj.kkÚ;k ek.klkyk ftFks tkLr Vh-vkj-ih- feGsy o rks dlk feGw 'kdsy;klkBhp rks iz;Ru dj.kkj gs LokHkkfod vkgs- R;k izdkjpk O;olk; dj.;kr pwdukgh o tsOgk fofo/k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dj.kkÚ;k yksdkauk vla dGw ykxya dh ehBelkyk vlysY;k v'kk dk;ZØekauk tkLr Vh-vkj-ih- feGrks Eg.kwu dkgh dk;ZØev'kk i/nrhus r;kj dsys tkrkr o nk[koys tkrkr- R;keqGs v'kk dk;ZØekapkVh-vkj-ih- ,dk >VD;kr ok<w ykxrks- tltlk v'kk dk;ZØekauk ikfBack feGwykxyk vla O;kolkf;dkauk okVw ykxya rlsrls gs dk;ZØe vk.k[kh tkLr [keaxd:u ns.;klkBh p<kvks< lq: >kyh- ;k p<kvks<he/;s 98 VDds mRÑ"V ekfgrhfeG.kkÚ;k pWuYl T;kaps Vh-vkj-ih- lxGîkkr deh vkgsr o 2&6 VDds pWuYl ts[keax ekfgrh iqjorkr v'kkaps Vh-vkj-ih- ok<w ykxY;keqGs R;kps nq"ifj.kke gs laiw.kZtursoj iMw ykxys-

nwjfp=ok.kh] fp=iV] eksckbYl] baVjusV] dkWEI;qVj bR;knh gh ;k fo'okryhlxGîkkr tkLr izHkkoh ek/;es vkgsr- R;keqGs ;kpk izHkko gk loZ tursoj gksÅykxyk- R;keqGs ,dw.kp loZ fBdk.kh oj mYys[k dsysY;k xks"Vh gksÅ ykxY;k-;ke/;s nwjn'kZups dkgh Bjkohd dk;ZØe gs ,dp dkj.k ulwu brj vusd dkj.kavkgsr- T;ke/;s iSlk feGfo.;kP;k Li/ksZe/;s djkO;k ykx.kkÚ;k osxosxGîkktkfgjkrhaps ifj.kke] ,d= dqVqac i/nrhpk Úgkl gksr pkyY;keqGs dks.kkojgh vadq'k ujkg.;kps izek.k] uojk&ck;dks nks?kgh uksdjhyk tkÅ ykxY;keqGs eqykaP;k laLdkjkojgks.kkjs ifj.kke] vfr'k; ygku o;kr eqykaoj Vh-Ogh-eqGs gks.kkjs ifj.kke] ok<rtk.kkjk fgalkpkj] deh d"Vkr iSlk feGfo.;kph ?kksMnkSM] ek>a rs ek>a vkf.k rq>a rsghek>a ;k o`Rrhe/;s >kysyh ok<] iwohZP;k dkGkr 'kkGse/kwu ygku eqykauk f'k{k.kfeGr vls o ?k:u laLdkj feGr vlr- R;keqGs O;Drh ifjiw.kZ ?kMr vls- vkrk'kkGsrwu f'k{k.k feGrs t#j] ,dhdMs f'k{k.kkph xq.koÙkkgh ok<r pkyyh vkgs vkf.knqljhdMs ewY;s deh gksr pkyysyh vkgsr-

v'kkizdkjpa f'k{k.k ?ksÅu ek.kwl lqf'kf{kr t:j gksrks- ijarq R;kP;ke/;s tjewY;s ulrhy] laLÑrh ulsy] pkfj«; ulsy rj v'kk izdkjP;k Kkukyk dkghgh vFkZukgh- ijarq nqnZSokus l/;k loZp dy ;k n`"Vhus iq<s tkr pkyyk vkgs vkf.k ;k loZxks"Vhapk gGwgGw ifj.kke gksrks vkgs- ;k loZ ifj.kkekapk ,df=r ifj.kke Eg.ktspvktP;k dkGkr ok<ysyk fgalkpkj] vkradokn] Hkz"Vkpkj] [kwu] njksMs] cykRdkj]vuSfrdrk ;k loZ ckch gGwgGw ok<Y;k vkgsr- R;keqGs l/;k v'kh fofp= ifjfLFkrhfuekZ.k >kysyh vkgs dh ;koj dqByhgh mik;;kstuk] fdrhgh izdkjpk 'kks/k ?ksryk

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rjh leksj ;srkuk fnlr ukgh- myVi{kh xsY;k dkgh o"kkZr Vh-Ogh-eqGs ygku eqykaojgks.kkÚ;k ifj.kkekaps txke/;s 'ksdMks o gtkjks izdkjps la'kks/ku ckgsj vkysys vkgs-txkrhy v'kk vla[; ek/;ekapk ygku eqykaoj gks.kkjk nq"ifj.kke ;k fo"k;koj>kysY;k la'kks/kukpk eh Lor% vH;kl dsyk vkgs o bFkwu iq<P;k dkGkr th ifjfLFkrhvkt vkgs] R;kP;kis{kk fdrhrjh iVhus Hk;kud ifjfLFkrh o eksBs ladV gh ygku eqyat'kh t'kh eksBh gksrhy r'kh r'kh ok<r tkrhy] gk fu"d"kZ dk<yk-

eyk Lor%yk iq<P;k dkGkrhy gk [kwi eksBk /kksdk okVrks- ijarq ;kifjfLFkrhoj laiw.kZ ns'kkr vla[; fBdk.kh fopkjfofue; d:u] ppkZl= vk;ksftrd:u] ;k loZ xks"Vhaps xkaHkh;Z lok±uh letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk ikfgts vls eykokVrs- tltlk ;k fo"k;kpk ek>k vH;kl o fjlpZ ok<r pkyyk rlrlk vusdjkT;kps nkSjs djhr vlrkuk R;k R;k fBdk.kph ifjfLFkrh ikgwu jkstP;k Vh-Ogh-P;kckrE;k o orZekui=kps eFkGs okpwu gh ifjfLFkrh vkrk vlgÓk gksÅ 'kdsy bFki;ZUrtkÅu iksgpysyh vkgs- ;k loZ ckchaojrh xsY;k 27 o"kk±iklwu lkekftd o 'kS{kf.kd{ks=kr dke djhr vlrkuk [kwi vuqHko ikgk;yk feGkys- Eg.kwup gs loZ fparu R;kvk/kkjkoj dj.;kr ;sr vkgs-**

l/;kP;k ifjfLFkrhps ts o.kZu 'kkafrykythauh dsys] rs ,sdr vlrkukdks.kkphgh erh xqax gksÅu tkbZy- brD;k [kksyojpk vH;kl d:u] fparu d:uR;koj brds fo'ys"k.k mRÑ"V i/nrhus dsysys vkgs- R;keqGs 'kkys; f'k{k.kkpk ntkZlq/kkj.;klkBhps R;kaps dke tksjkr pkyw vkgs- nqljhdMs l/;kP;k pkyysY;kifjfLFkrhps o.kZu R;kauh dsys- ygku eqykaP;k eukr T;k xks"Vh ygkui.kkiklwufcacysY;k vlrkr R;kpkp izHkko R;kaP;k thoukoj vlrks- R;keqGs ygkui.khp tjlaLdkj >kys ukghr] rj iw.kZ fi<hpa uqdlku gksÅ 'kdra] brdk eksBk lans'k ;kfo'ys"k.kko:u vkiY;kyk feGw 'kdrks- gs ,d vfr'k; xgu fparu vkgs-

v'kk n`"Vhus ;kpk fopkj dsyk tkr vkgs gs ,sdwu eyk vkuan okVyk-;kuarj eh 'kkafrykythauk ,d iz'u fopkjyk dh] ^^,o<a tj vki.k l/;kP;kifjfLFkrhpa o.kZu dsysya vlsy o iq<P;k dkGkr gh ifjfLFkrh vk.k[kh okbZVgks.;kdMs tj dy pkyysyk fnlwu ;sr vlsy rj v'kk osGh vki.k ;k fo"k;kojdkgh dke dj.kkj vkgkr dk\ ;kcíy vki.k dkgh fopkjfofue; dsyk vkgsdk\dkgh mik;;kstuk vki.k lqpfoY;k vkgsr dk\ ;kcíy vkiya dk; er vkgs];koj vki.k dla dke dj.kkj vkgkr**\

'kkafrykythauh ;k iz'ukpa mRrj fnya rs vla ^^;k fo"k;kojrh Hkjiwj fparudsysya vkgs] cÚ;kp ppkZ dsY;k vkgsr] dkgh dkgh NksVs iz;ksx d:u cf?krys vkgsr-ijarq R;k ygkulgku iz;ksxkus ifjfLFkrhe/;s dkgh Qjd iMsy vla eyk okVr ukgh-

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mnk- 'kS{kf.kd xq.koRrk lq/kkj.;kps dk;ZØe 'kkGse/;s jkcfor vlrkuk ihl ekWjy oOgWY;w ,T;qds'ku gk ,d dk;ZØe eh R;ke/;s lekfo"V dsyk gksrk- 'kkGsP;kosGki=dkr v/kwue/kwu vkB&ia/kjk fnolkus ,[kknh rkfldk ?ks.;kph lwpuk dsyh-ijarq R;kpk dkghgh mi;ksx o ifj.kke >kysyk ukgh- dkj.k iz'u o leL;k brD;keksBîkk o rhoz vkgsr dh dqBY;kgh izdkjps NksVs miØe lq: dsY;keqGs gk iz'u lqVw'kdr ukgh] ;k Hkwfedsyk eh ;sÅu iksgkspyks-

R;krhy egÙokph xks"V Eg.kts eqykaoj laLdkj dj.;kpa ,d o; vlra- rso; fu?kwu xsY;kuarj ,dnk eqykaph eua ?kV~V >kyh dh ex R;ke/;s cny ?kMo.kavfr'k; vo?kM gksra- vktdkyP;k tekU;ke/;s 15&17 o"kk±P;k eqykyk dks.krhghxks"V f'kdok;yk xsya rj gh eqya vkiY;kykp 10 osxGs myV&lqyV iz'ufopkjrkr- dkj.k R;kauk Kku feGkysya vlra o R;kauh brj fBdk.kh ?kMr vlysY;kxks"Vh ikfgysY;k vlrkr- R;keqGs rs izHkkfor >kysys vlrkr o rh mnkgj.ka nsÅuvkiY;k fopkjkaps njokts can dsys tkrkr- R;keqGs 15&20 o;ksxVke/;s uhfrewY;kapaf'k{k.k gs tkLr ifj.kke d: 'kdr ukgh] vla eyk Lor%yk okVya- R;keqGslaLdkjkpa gs ckGdMw ygkui.kkiklwu fnya tkoa- tla vki.k jksiVa ykow rlap ihd;sbZy- eqykaph tM.k?kM.k gh ygkui.khp gksrs- R;keqGs R;kaP;koj gks.kkjs laLdkj gsygkui.kkrp gksrkr- vU;Fkk gh izfØ;k o; fu?kwu xsY;koj fDy"V curs o uarjdkghgh djrk ;sr ukgh- R;keqGs ,d rj uDdh >kya dh ts dkgh djk;pa rs ygkuo;kr dsya tkoa- R;kpk ifj.kke fpjdkG fVdw 'kdrks-

Hkkjrkrys ,d ukeoar f'k{k.krTK Jh- ts-ih- ukbZd ;kauh 'kkys; f'k{k.kkoj,d vfr'k; fofp= ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k >kY;kph fpark O;Drh dsyh gksrh- rs Eg.kkysdh 'kkys; f'k{k.kkrwu eyk ts dkgh feGkys R;kP;kiSdh 5 VDdsp xks"Vh eh ekÖ;kmoZfjr vk;q";ke/;s mi;ksx d: 'kdyks o 95 VDds xks"Vh T;k vk;q";ke/;smi;ksxkP;k gksR;k] T;k eyk gO;k gksR;k R;k 'kkys; f'k{k.kke/kwu feGkY;k ukghr-

R;keqGs 'kkys; f'k{k.kke/;s bfrgkl] lk;Ul] ra=f'k{k.k] xf.kr] Hkwxksy]la[;k'kkL= v'kk dkgh fo"k;kaph ewyHkwr ekfgrh vl.ka t#jh vkgs- Eg.kwu 1 yh rs10 oh i;ZUrp f'k{k.k loZp fo|kF;k±lkBh lkj[ka vlra- 10 oh >kY;kuarj izR;sdfo|kFkÊ vkikiY;k dkS'kY;kizek.ks iq<hy osxosxGîkk f'k{k.kkP;k fn'ksizek.ks dqBatk;pa ;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksÅ 'kdrks- R;keqGs 10 oh uarj T;kyk dkWelZe/;s baVjsLV vlsyR;kyk iwohZP;k f'k{k.kkrhy QDr xf.krkpkp okij djrk ;sbZy] ckdhP;k fo"k;kapktkLr mi;ksx gks.kkj ukgh- 10 oh uarj ,[kk|kyk lk;Ulyk tk;pa vlsy rj 10 ohi;±r lk;Ul ;k ,dk fo"k;kpk R;kyk eksBk mi;ksx gksbZy o ckdhP;k fo"k;kapk vYi

ewY;f'k{k.kkckcr 'kklukP;k bPNk'kDrhpk vkHkko

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mi;ksx gksÅ 'kdsy- vlp izR;sd 10 oh uarjP;k f'k{k.kkpa vkgs- Eg.ktsp vki.k ts'kkGsr f'kdrks] vusd fo"k; f'kdrks R;kiSdh ,[kk|k fo"k;kpk tkLr mi;ksx gksrks ockdhP;k fo"k;kpk gksr ukgh-

;k fo#) laLdkjkapa vkgs- tj ygku eqykaoj pkaxys laLdkj dsys xsys rjR;k izR;sd laLdkjkpk mi;ksx gk R;k eqykyk R;kP;k laiw.kZ vk;q";ke/;s izR;sd{k.kkyk tks fu.kZ; ?;kok ykxrks rks rqeP;koj ygkui.kke/;s >kysY;k laLdkjkrwu ?ksrk;srks- rh i/nr r;kj gksrs- mnk- tj ,[kk|k eqykus eyk dkWyste/;s vlrkuk ekjya rjR;koj ek>h izfrfØ;k dk; vlkoh] R;k{k.kh eh R;kyk dk; dsya ikfgts gs KkudqBY;kgh iqLrdkrwu feG.kkja ukgh- gs QDr laLdkjkrwu feGw 'kdra- R;keqGs laLdkj;k fo"k;kyk ,d vuU;klk/kkj.k egÙo vkgs- tls Jh ts-ih- ukbZd ;kauh fnysY;kmnkgj.kkP;k vk/kkjkojrh vkt eyk vla Eg.kkola okVra dh tj vkEgh ygku eqykauk'kkGse/;s jkst ,d rkfldk laLdkjkph fnyh rj 10 ohuarj R;k eqykyk R;kP;kvk;q";kP;k 'ksoVP;k {k.kki;ZUr rks ts ts dkgh fu.kZ; ?ksbZy rs loZ fu.kZ; R;kP;k ;klaLdkjkojrh voyacwu vlrhy-

vktdkyP;k ifjfLFkrhr tj 'kkGkae/;s izR;sd b;Rrsyk ,d laLdkjoxZlDrhpk dsyk rj izR;sd O;Drhyk R;kP;k vk;q";ke/;s ts ykxra rs 95 VDds ;k,dk fo"k;krwu R;kyk okijrk ;sra o 5 VDds brj fo"k;kpk R;kyk mi;ksx gksÅ'kdrks vla vkt eyk fuf'pr o Bkei.ks Eg.krk ;sra- R;keqGs vFkkZrp vkrk ek>kQksdl gk ygku eqykauk pkaxys laLdkj ns.;kP;k fo"k;ki;ZUr vkysyk vkgs- tsiwohZP;k dkGkr yksdkauk vkiksvki ?kjkrwu feGr gksra- dkj.k ygku eqya gh nqlÚ;kpa,sdwu f'kd.;kis{kk c?kwup tkLr f'kdrkr o l/;kph ifjfLFkrh gh brdh fofp= vkgsdh gh c?kwu ygku eqykaP;kojrh pkaxY;k laLdkjk,soth vkiksvkip u f'kdork okbZVxks"Vh rs vaxhdkjrkr] gh izo`Rrh vkgs-

xsY;k ikp o"kkZr 7 oh 8 ohrhy eqykauh oxkZe/;s R;kaP;k fe=kaps fdaokf'k{kdkaps pDd [kwu dsY;kP;k ?kVuk ?kMrkuk vk<Grkr- ;kpk vFkZ dk;\ 7 oh 8ohP;k eqykauk [kwu dj.;klkBh u d/kh vkbZ&oMhy f'kdorhy] u d/kh f'k{kdf'kdorhy- ex ts f'kdorkr rs y{kkr ;sr ukgh o ts f'kdoya ukgh rs uqlrp y{kkr;sr ukgh] rj R;kpk ifj.kke brdk gksrks dh 7 oh 8 ohr [kwu djk;yklq)k eqyxkekxaiq<a c?kr ukgh- gh ifjfLFkrh vkgs-

Hkkjrklkj[;k vfgalsps izorZd vl.kkÚ;k ;k ns'kke/;s v'kkizdkjpkfgalkpkj tj eksBîkk izek.kkoj gksÅ 'kdr vlsy rj lok±ph >ksi mM.kkj ukgh dk;\;kpk vFkZ vlk dh vki.k eqykauk laLdkj ns.;ke/;s l/;k deh iMr vkgksr gs fl/n>kysya vkgs- gh njh Hk:u d'kh dk<koh gk ,d eksBk ;{k iz'u vkgs- fo'ks"k Eg.kts

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laLdkj ns.;kP;k –f"Vdksukrwu ihl ekWjy o OgWY;q ,T;qds'kuP;k ek/;ekus 'kkys;vH;klØekr eqykauk dk; fnya tkra ;koj tjh osxosxGîkk jkT;kP;k 'kS{kf.kdcksMkZpk vH;klØe ikfgyk vlrk [kwi eksBk vk'p;kZpk /kDdk clrks-

;k fo"k;krhy mnkflurk gh vkt lokZr tkLr faparktud vkgs- ;klanHkkZrhy vH;klØe fnyk tkok dh ukgh ;kP;koj ppkZ dj.;ke/;s 15&20 o"ksZfu?kwu tkr vkgsr- vtwugh QDr ppkZ pkyw vkgs- ;k lanHkkZrhy Hkkjr ljdkjph ofofo/k jkT;ljdkjph /kksj.ka ikfgyh vlrk ;k fo"k;koj d/khgh ,der >kysya fnlwu;sr ukgh- ;krp eksBeksBs fopkjoar yksd osxosxGîkk i/nrhus vkX;qZesaV d:u eq[;fo"k; cktwyk lksMwu HkyrhdMs HkVdrkuk fnlrkr- uohu vH;klØe r;kj d:ujkcfo.;kph bPNk'kDrh jktdh; i{kkae/;s vk<Gwu ;sr ukgh- R;klkBh fof'k"VIyWfuax dj.;kpk l/;k eksBk vHkko vkgs o vMp.kh vkgsr- ;k vH;klØeke/;scny dj.;klkBh] ,[kk|k /kMÓkke/;s cny djrkuk R;ke/;s lq/nk jktdkj.k dsystkrs o ljdkj cnyya dh fu.kZ; cnyrks-

uqdrsp 2011 e/;s Hkkjr ljdkjps dsanzkps ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=hJh- dfiy flCcy ;kauh 'kS{kf.kd rTKkaph ,d cSBd cksyoyh- ihl ekWjy o OgWY;w,T;qds'kupk ,d fo"k; 'kkGsr uohu lq: djkok vlk fo"k; R;kauh ;k cSBdhe/;sekaMyk- ijarq v'kkizdkjs uohu fo"k; lq: dsY;keqGs vMp.kh ;srhy] R;k d'kklksMoY;k tkrhy] R;k,soth izR;sd fo"k;kr osxosxGîkk i/nrhus gk fo"k; ?kkyrk;sbZy v'kh rTKkaph nksu osxGh osxGh Vksdkph era iMyh- 'ksoVh R;koj ljdkjusdks.krkgh fu.kZ; ?ksryk ukgh-

174

l/;kP;k fc?kMr pkyysY;k ifjfLFkrhcíypa apa gs fparu

dq.kkykgh vareqZ[k djk;yk yko.kkja vkgs! ek= uqlra fparu d:u rs Fkkacys ukghr rj

R;koj R;kauh mik; kks/kys] rs nh?kZdkyhu dls ifj.kkedkjd B: kdrhy] R;klkBh

ykac VII;kph mik;;kstuk d’kh jkcfork ;sbZy gsgh R;kauh lkafxrys- rs Eg.kkys]

[kkyhy rhu VII;kae/;s ;klkBh mik;;kstuk dj.;kr ;sr vkgsr %

1- ykac VII;kph mik;;kstuk & ewY;o/kZu gk uohu fo"k; 1 yh iklwu lq: dj.ks-

2- e/;e VII;kph mik;;kstuk & lnj ifjfLFkrheqGs Hkfo";kr foLdGhr gks.kkjh

dqVqacO;oLFkk lkoj.;kpk o ok<R;k ?kVLQksVkyk jks[k.;klkBhpk iz;Ru-

3- Rofjr VII;kph mik;;kstuk & 15 rs 25 o;ksxVkrhy eqyhauk 21 O;k

'krdkrhy lkekftd vkOgkukauk lkeksjs tk.;kph {kerk fuekZ.k dj.;kpk

iz;Ru dj.ks-

1 ykac VII;kph mik;;kstuk & ewY;o/kZu gk uohu fo"k; 1 yh iklwu lq: dj.ks %

Lor%p ,d vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh 1 yh iklwu 4 Fkh i;ZUr izR;sd b;Rrsyk jkst ,d

rkfldk f'kdoyh tkÅ 'kdsy- v'kk i/nrhus vki.kp Lor% vH;klØe r;kj

djkok o uarj c?kw;k rks dlk jkcoyk tkbZy] R;kP;kfo"k;hpa fu;kstu vki.k gGwgGw

d:;k- ijarq ;k fo"k;kpk 1yh rs 4 Fkh pk vH;klØe rj vki.k r;kj d:- Eg.kwu

iwohZP;k vkysY;k vuqHkoko:u o vi;'kko:u vk/kkfjr vH;klØe r;kj dj.;kph

izfØ;k eh lq: dsyh- ;k loZ xks"Vhae/;s eyk iq<s vusd vMp.kh ;srhy- dnkfpr eh

dsysya lxGa dke dpjkisVhr tkÅ 'kdsy] mi;ksxkyk ;s.kkj ukgh] vlagh gks.;kph

'kD;rk vkgs- rjh lq/nk gs dke dsyp ikfgts vlk eh fu.kZ; ?ksryk- gs dke djrkuk

eyk dks.kR;k vMp.kh ;sÅ 'kdrhy ;kpk eh tsOgk fopkj djhr gksrks rsOgk eyk

10&15 rjh vMp.kh fnlY;k-

1- ekÖ;k la?kVusps uko ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk* vkgs- Eg.kwu ;k vH;klØeke/;s

tSukapk fdaok /kkÆed xks"Vhapk mYys[k vlw 'kdsy dh dk;\v'kk 'kadk

fuf'pr ;sÅ 'kdrhy- dnkfpr dkgh tkrh /kekZP;k yksdkapk fojks/k gksÅ

'kdsy-

2- eh r;kj dsysyk vH;klØe 'kklu Lohdkj.kkj ukgh] vlagh gksÅ 'kdsy-

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3- ;klkBh jkst ,d rkfldk izR;sd b;RrslkBh ns.ks gs 'kklukyk 'kD; gksbZy

dh ukgh ;kphgh 'kadk ekÖ;k eukr gksrh-

4- tjh 'kklukus gk vH;klØe Lohdkjyk rjh f'k{kd o eq[;k/;kid ;kyk

Lohdkjrhyp vla gks.kkj ukgh-

5- ;k fo"k;ke/;s th ewY; eh nsÅ bfPNrks R;k ewY;kacíy lq/nk osxosxGîkk

fopkjlj.khP;k yksdkae/;s varj vlw 'kdsy- dnkfpr iz'ufpUggh vlw

'kdrhy-

6- gk vH;klØe nsÅugh Qjd iMsy dh ukgh ;kph [kk=h nsrk ;s.kkj uOgrh-

7- l/;kph jktdh; ifjfLFkrh ikgrk ;k fo"k;kyk ?ksÅu lq/nk jktdkj.k gksbZy

dh dk; gsgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh-

8- vktgh dkgh 'kS{kf.kd {ks=krys rTK ihl ekWjy ,T;qds'kupk osxGk fo"k;

'kkGse/;s f'kdoyk tkok ;k ladYiusyk fojks/k djhr vkgsr-

9- 'kkGse/kyk ,[kknk fo"k; ,[kk+|k [kktxh O;Drhus fdaok laLFksus r;kj d:u

'kklukyk fnyk vkgs o 'kklukus rks vH;klØe Lor%pk Eg.kwu

vaxhdkjysyk vkgs vla vkrki;ZUr HkkjrkP;k bfrgklkr ?kMysya ukgh-

10- jkst ,d rkfldk f'kdo.;kpk brdk eksBk miØe [kktxh O;Drhus 'kkys;

O;oLFkkiukr lq: dj.ka o 'kkGsP;k loZ Lrjkaoj rks Lohdkjyk tk.ka gsgh

v'kD;p vkgs-

11- eh ,[kknk fo"k; d:u 'kklukdMs fnyk] rj R;k fo"k;kP;k lacaf/kr vusd

yksd vkEgh i.k ;kP;kojrh dke dsysya vkgs] vkepa i.k er fopkjkr

?;koa] vkepk i.k R;kr lgHkkx vlkok- vlkgh izdkj gksÅ 'kdsy-

12- tSu lektkP;k ek.klkus o la?kVusus gk fo"k; d:u fnY;keqGs brj tkrh

/kekZps yksdgh vkEgh i.k vkeP;k i/nrhus d:u nsÅ vla Eg.kw 'kdrhy o

fo"k; cklukr iMw 'kdrks-

13- l/;kP;k ekdk±P;k Li/ksZe/;s o osGsP;k ekjkekjhe/;s ;k fo"k;kyk izR;sd

b;Rrsyk jkst ,d rkfldk ns.ka gs dnkfpr dkgh laLFkkauk ekU;gh gks.kkj ukgh

fdaok jkT; ljdkjyk] laLFkkauk ekU; gks.kkj ukgh-

ex v'kk vla[; o vo?kM v'kk xks"Vhaph vkOgkua leksj vlrkuk R;kr

vki.k osG ?kkyok;pk dh ukgh] vki.k gk vH;klØe r;kj djk;pk dh ukgh]

176

mxhpp vkiyh 'kDrh dk ok;k ?kkyok;ph] tj R;krwu dkgh fu"iUu gks.kkj ulsy rj

Lor%ph cqf)eRrk] iSls o osG dk ok;k ?kkyok;pk\ v'kk vla[; iz'ukapk Mksaxj

ekÖ;kiq<s mHkk gksrk-

fdR;sd o"ksZ eyk dkgh lqpr uOgra- lkrR;kus ;kP;koj fopkjeaFku gksr

gksrs o vusd osxosxGîkk myVlqyV fopkjkauh dqBY;kp fu.kZ;ki;ZUr ;sÅu eh iksgpr

uls- Hkkjr ljdkjus ;k lanHkkZr vkrki;ZUr ?ksrysys fu.kZ; o /kksj.k ;kpkgh eh

ckjdkbZus vH;kl dsyk o ;k xks"Vhpk fopkjfofue; d:u ekÖ;k ,dk eukus fopkj

dsyk dh vki.k ;k fo"k;koj dkgh djk;ps ukgh- ijarq ek>ap nqlja eu eyk lkaxr

gksra dh vki.k ;ke/;s dkghrjh dsya ikfgts- tj vkiY;kyk 27 o"kk±pk vuqHko vkgs]

'kkys; f'k{k.kke/;s vki.k xq.koÙkk lq/kkj.;kpa dke djhr vkgksr] ckgsjph ifjfLFkrh

brdh fonkjd gksr pkyyh vkgs o rh ok<rp tk.kkj vkgs v'kk osGh vki.kp

;ke/;s iq<kdkj ?;kok- vH;klØe r;kj d:u vkiys f'k{kd fu;qDr d:u rks

jkcok;pk o iz;ksx djhr jkgk;pa] vla nqlj eu lkaxr gksra-

'ksoVh 2009 P;k lq#okrhyk eh vafre fu.kZ; ?ksryk o vki.k 1 yh rs 10

ohi;ZUr ihl ekWjy o OgWY;w ,T;qds'kupk varHkkZo vlsy vlk ,d osxGk fo"k;

'kkGsr f'kdoyk tkÅ 'kdsy vla fu;kstu d:u R;k –f"Vdksukrwu fopkj d:

ykxyks- ifgyk VIik Eg.kwu 1 yh rs 4 Fkh vki.k gk ,d ekxZn'kZd izdYi ¼ik;yV

izkstsDV½ d:u ikgkok o uqlrk vH;klØe d:u pky.kkj ukgh rj rks vH;klØe

r;kj djk;pk] rks f'kdfo.;klkBh f'k{kdkauk izf'k{k.k dla fnya tkoa ;kph iz.kkyh

cufoyh tkoh] izR;{kkr rs izf'k{k.k fnya tkoa] uarj rks fo"k; 'kkGse/;s f'k{kdkdMwu

f'kdfoyk tkok] R;kuarj 'kkGsrhy brj f'k{kd] eq[;k/;kid] fo|kFkhZ] 'kkldh;

vf/kdkjh] ikyd ;kaP;k gGwgGw izfrfØ;k ?;kO;kr o vfr'k; gGqokj i/nrhus iq<a

tkoa] gk /kkMlkpk fu.kZ; eh ?ksryk- gksÅu gksÅu dk; gksbZy\ rj ljdkj gk

vH;klØe ekU; dj.kkj ukgh- vkf.k vkiys dsysys iz;Ru ok;k tkrhy o iSlk ok;k

tkbZy- ijarq dehr deh eh ;k fo"k;oj dkghrjh dj.;kph /kMiM dsysyh vkgs]

iz;Ru dsysys vkgsr o rsgh eukiklwu dsysys vkgsr ,o<a rj ekÖ;k eukyk lek/kku

ykHksy- R;keqGs lxGa tjh ok;k xsya rjh pkysy i.k gk iz;ksx dj.;klkBh vki.k

vkiyk osG |k;pk o loZ i;kZ; myC/k d:u |k;ps vla eh Bjoya- gk fu.kZ;

ekÖ;k –"Vhus 2009 e/;s vfr'k; vo?kM vlk gksrk- ijarq rks eh ?ksryk o

177

vH;klØe r;kj d:u dkekyk ykxyks-

R;k osGP;k ifjfLFkrhuqlkj miyC/k >kysY;k lk/kukao:u ikpx.kh ;sFks MkW-

,p-Mh- jksLV ;kauh ^ihl ,T;qds'ku* Eg.kwu vls miØe dkgh fnolkaiklwu jkcfo.;kps

dke lq: dsysya vkgs vla vk<Gwu vkya- rlsp MkW- jksLV ;kaph ikpx.kh ;sFks ,d

f'k{kd izf'k{k.k laLFkk vkgs] gsgh letya gksra- R;kauh T;k 'kkGkae/;s izf'k{k.k fnysya

vkgs R;k lacaf/kr yksdka'khgh eh ppkZ dsyh-

ekÖ;kdMs miyC/k >kysY;k loZ i;kZ;ka}kjs MkW- jksLV ;kaP;k'kh laidZ

dj.;kpk fu.kZ; eh ?ksryk- R;kauk iq.;kyk cksyo.;kr vkya o R;kapk vuqHko] R;kaph

ik'oZHkweh letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- MkW- jksLV gs rls vesfjdu ukxfjdRo vlysys

vkgsr o vesfjdsps jkg.kkjs vkgsr- ijarq xsY;k 40 o"kk±iklwu R;kaps okLrO; ikpx.kh

;sFks vkgs- R;kauh xqtjkre/khy jk/kk ;kaP;k'kh fookg dsysyk vkgs-

izFke eh R;kaP;kdMwu ekÖ;k ok?kksyhP;k f'k{kdkalkBh ,d f'k{kd izf'k{k.k

dk;ZØe jkcowu ?ksryk- R;kuarj R;kauh r;kj dsysY;k

dk;ZØekpk vH;kl dsyk- iq<s MkW- jksLV ;kaP;k vH;klØeke/;s ts cny eyk gos

gksrs] rs cny d:u ?ksÅu rks vH;klØe ejkBhr :ikarfjr d:u eh 1 yh rs 4 Fkh

vlk pkj o"kk±pk vH;klØe r;kj d:u R;kph iqLrds Nkiyh-

vkrk ekÖ;k iq<s lxGîkkr egÙokpk iz'u mHkk jkfgyk dh eh ;k

vH;klØekps iz;ksx dqBs djkos- ;koj eh cjkp fopkjfofue; dsyk- gs dke eyk

ftYgkifj"knsP;k [ksMîkkikMîkkrhy 'kkGake/kwu lq: djko;kps gksrs- R;keqGs lq#okrhyk

egkjk"Vªkrhy 'kkGk fuoMY;k tkO;kr vlk eh fopkj dsyk- Eg.kwu eh ejkBhr

vH;klØe r;kj dsyk o R;koj vfr'k; l[kksy fopkj d:u eh chM ftYgîkkrhy

ikVksnk rkyqD;ke/khy 159 'kkGkae/;s] iw.kZ ,dk rkyqD;kr gk iz;ksx lq#okrhP;k o"khZ

jkcoyk ikfgts vlk fopkj dsyk-

R;k –"Vhus chM ftYgkifj"knsdMs ,d jhrlj vtZ nk[ky dj.;kr vkyk-

;k fo"k;kyk ^ewY;o/kZu* vls uko ns.;kr vkys o Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusrQsZ ewY;o/kZu

gk fo"k; ikVksnk rkyqD;krY;k loZ ftYgkifj"knsP;k 'kkGse/;s f'kdfo.;kph vkeph

bPNk vkgs o R;klkBh vkEgh vH;klØe r;kj dsysyk vkgs- vki.k gk vH;klØe

riklwu ikgkok o gk vH;klØe ikVksnk rkyqD;krhy loZ 159 'kkGse/;s

jkcfo.;kph vki.k ijokuxh |koh o R;klkBh jkst ,d rkfldk gh ewY;o/kZulkBh

Peace Education

178

[kkl jk[kwu Bsokoh v'kh R;k vtkZe/;s fouarh dsyh gksrh-

eyk vfr'k; vkuan >kyk dh chM ftYgkifj"knsus eh fnysyk izLrko

dqBysgh jktdkj.k u djrk] ,derkus Lohdkjyk- jkst ,d rkfldk ewY;o/kZulkBh

jk[kwu Bso.;kpkgh /kksj.kkRed fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr vkyk- ijarq ;klkBh chts,lus R;kaps

f'k{kd usekosr o chM ftYgkifj"knsyk dks.krkgh vkfFkZd ckstk iM.kkj ukgh ;k

'krhZoj ftYgkifj"knsus ijokuxh fnyh- ek>k vkuan f}xqf.kr >kyk- eh Lor% ;k

izkstsDVoj ek>k iw.kZ osG nsÅ ykxyks- vkrk 159 'kkGkae/;s jkst izR;sd b;Rrsyk ,d

rkfldk f'kdok;ph gs eksBa vkOgku ekÖ;kleksj mHka gksra- R;klkBh eyk f'k{kdkaph

use.kwd dj.ka t#jh gksra- eh chM ftYgk o ejkBokMÓkkP;k orZekui=ke/;s dkWUVªWDV

cslhloj f'k{kd ikfgtsr Eg.kwu tkfgjkr fnyh- [kwi vtZ vkys- eqyk[krhP;k rkj[kk

uDdh dsY;k- Mksaxjfd.kh ts ek>a tUexko vkgs R;k fBdk.kh eh ,d ^VsfDudy Ldwy*

LFkkiu dsya- ewY;o/kZupa eq[; dk;kZy; Eg.kwu rsFkwu dke lq: dsya- Lor% eqyk[krh

?ks.;klkBh Mksaxjfd.khyk xsyks- vkysY;k 500&600 yksdkarwu 100 yksda fu;qDr

dsys o R;kaP;klkBh iq.;kyk chts,lP;k ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYikr 17

fnolkapk baMD'ku o f'k{kd izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsyk-

ftYgkifj"knsph ijokuxh feGkyh] f'k{kd fu;qDr dsys] R;kauk izf'k{k.k

fnys- ijarq ,o<Ókkus eh lek/kkuh uOgrks- ikVksnk rkyqD;krhy f'k{k.kkf/kdkjh] xV

vf/kdkjh] DyLVj vkWfQlj] fo"k;rK vls 30&35 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh T;kapk

laca/k ;k rkyqD;krhy loZ ftYgkifj"knsP;k 'kkGka'kh ;sr vlrks- eh ekÖ;k ;a=.ksyk

dkekyk ykowu] ftYgkifj"knsph ijokuxh ?ksÅu ;k loZ 30&35 vf/kdkÚ;kauk

iq.;kyk cksyowu eh iw.kZ fnolHkj R;kaP;k'kh ppkZ d:u gk fo"k; dk lq: dsyk]

R;klkBh eh f'k{kd dk useys] R;kauk eh izf'k{k.k dk fnya o gk fo"k; eh dlk

f'kdo.kkj vkgs] izR;sd b;Rrsyk jkst ,d rkfldk th eyk feG.kkj vkgs R;kpk

mi;ksx eh dlk d:u ?ks.kkj vkgs] ;kph loZ ik'oZHkweh lkaxwu vkiY;kdMwu eyk

lgdk;kZph vis{kk vkgs o vkiY;k rkyqD;krhy eqykalkBh o ikydkalkBh gk

dk;ZØe jkcor vlrkuk vki.k eyk gs lgdk;Z djkos] v'kh fouarh dsyh-

Mksaxjfd.kh ;sFks loZ eq[;k/;kidkaph cSBd vk;ksftr dsyh- T;k cSBdhe/;s eh Lor%

xsyks ukgh- ijarq ekÖ;k orhus chts,lps 25 o"kkZiklwups lgdkjh ;orekG fuoklh

Jh- lqHkk"k vkpyh;k] ,d fuo`Rr eq[;k/;kid vlY;keqGs eh R;kauk ;orekGgwu

179

Mksaxjfd.khyk vk.kys- R;kauh gh tckcnkjh Lohdkjyh-

;k loZ dkeklkBh Mksaxjfd.kh ;sFks O;olk; izf'k{k.k dsanzkps izkpk;Z Jh- oS|

lj] chts,lps lg;ksxh Jh- lqjs'k cynksVk] chts,lps chM ;sFkhy inkf/kdkjh Jh-

jktsanz equksr o ok?kksyh izdYikrhy Jh- /kus'k xka/kh lj ;kauh vFkd ifjJe ?ksrys- MkW-

jksLV ;kaps fpjatho Jh- dkWyhl jksLV ;kauk Mksaxjfd.kh ;sFks vkiY;k laLFkse/;s Bsoys-

rlsp eq[; dk;kZy;krwu ;kckcrhr laiw.kZ rkyqD;ke/;s gs dke dj.;kP;k

–f"Vdksukrwu ofj"B lapkyd inkojhy nksu yksdkaph fu;qDrh dj.;kr vkyh gksrh-

duZy iokj o eksgu ns'keq[k ;kauk lq/nk Mksaxjfd.khyk jkgk;yk ikBoya-

v'kk i/nrhus tqyS 2009 e/;s ikVksnk rkyqD;kP;k 159 'kkGkae/;s gk

eksBk izdYi ;'kLohjhR;k lq: >kyk- laiw.kZ 'kkGsr gk rkl vkoMrk gksÅ ykxyk-

gGwgGw 'kkGsrhy fo|kF;k±ph la[;k ok<w ykxyh- eq[;k/;kid o 'kkldh;

f'k{kdkapsgh lgdk;Z feGw ykxys- R;kaukgh ;krys cny tk.kow ykxys- eqykaP;k

ekjkekÚ;k deh >kY;k- brj f'k{kdkapa eqykauk ekj.ka can >kya- eqykaP;koj :tysys

laLdkj R;kaP;k jkstP;k vuqHkokr ;k;yk ykxys- ikydkaukgh eqykaP;k cnykrhy

tk.kho gksÅ ykxyh o izdYi ;'kLohrsdMs okVpky d: ykxyk- rhu efgU;kauh eh

loZ xkbZMuk ¼ewY;o/kZu f'k{kd½ iqUgk iq.;kyk cksyoys o ,d fnolHkj R;kaP;kcjkscj

clwu R;kaps vuqHko ,sdwu ?ksrys vlrk] xkbZMpk vkRefo'okl [kwi mapkoysyk

fnlyk- o"kkZP;k 'ksoVh eh loZ eq[;k/;kidkauk ftYgkifj"knsP;k ijokuxhus iq.;kyk

cksyoya o R;kaP;kcjkscj nksu fnol ppkZ d:u ewY;o/kZuP;k ,d o"kkZP;k

vaeyctko.khpk vk<kok o izfrfØ;k R;kaP;kdMwu ?ksrY;k- R;kps loZ jsdkWÉMxgh

¼/ofueqnz.kgh½ d:u Bsoys- loZp eq[;k/;kidkauh gk izdYi vfr'k; mRÑ"V

vlY;kcíy Xokgh fnyh-

dkgh [kktxh mnwZ 'kkGk gksR;k- R;kauhgh gk fo"k; vkeP;kdMs ikfgts Eg.kwu

ys[kh fouarh dsyh- Rofjr R;kaP;k 'kkGsrgh fo"k; f'kdfo.;kl lq#okr dsyh- ,dkgh

O;DrhdMwu fdaok vf/kdkÚ;kdMwu fdaok eq[;k/;kidkdMwu fdaok eqykaP;k

ikydkadMwu fdaok fofo/k jktdh; i{kkadMwu] dks.kkdMwugh dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk

NksVklklq/nk fojks/k ;k brD;k eksBîkk izdYikyk o"kZHkjkr >kyk ukgh- gs ;k izdYikps

lokZr eksBs oSf'k"VÓk vkgs] vls Eg.kkos ykxsy- R;keqGs ek>k vkRefo'okl [kwip

eksBîkk izek.kkoj ok<yk gksrk-

180

o"kZHkjkP;k vuqHkoko:u dkgh dkgh fBdk.kh fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr ekÖ;k pqdk

>kY;k] gs eyk fun'kZukyk vkys- R;k loZ pqdk xkaHkh;kZus y{kkr ?ksÅu iqUgk iq<P;k

o"khZ gks.kkj ukghr] ;kph [kk=h eh d:u ?ksryh- R;k izR;sd pqdkarwu ekxZ o i;kZ;

'kks/kwu R;k n`"Vhus gkypky lq: dsyh- v'kk i/nrhus ewY;o/kZu ,d o"kZHkj ikVksnk

rkyqD;kP;k 159 'kkGkaP;ke/;s vfr'k; O;ofLFkrjhR;k jkcfoys xsys- R;ke/kwu eh

cjap dkgh f'kdyks-**

'kkafrykythauh ,d o"kZHkjke/;s ewY;o/kZu gk fo"k; jkcfo.;kph

lkafxrysyh dgk.kh ,sdY;kuarj gs ,o<a lxGa dla 'kD; vkgs ;kpkp eh fopkj

djhr gksrs- ,drj ewY;o/kZu gk fo"k; lq: djrkuk fdrh vMp.kh ;sÅ 'kdrhy o

ljdkj gk fo"k; dk ekU; dj.kkj ukgh R;kph [kwi eksBh ekfydkp 'kkafrykythauh

okpwu nk[koyh- R;krhy izR;sd fo"k; ?ksÅu rks gkrkG.;kpk rs iz;Ru djrhy o

'ksoVi;ZUr tkÅu gh y<kbZ ftadw 'kdrhy- R;kaP;k vkrki;ZUrP;k >kysY;k

dkeko:u o R;kauh T;k i/nrhus ;'k laiknu dsysya vkgs] R;kP;ko:u gs lxGa

lgtklgth 'kD; gksÅ 'kdsy vla tjh ulys rjh gs dj.ka iw.kZ v'kD; vlagh ukgh

vla ek>a er vkgs- 'kkafrykyth gs vkOgku isyrkr vkf.k R;k –f"Vdksukrwu rs

;'kLoh d:ugh nk[korkr-

loZ 'kkldh; vf/kdkjh] eq[;k/;kid] fo|kFkhZ o ikyd ;kapa tj lgdk;Z

eukiklwu feGkysya vlsy rj ;kpk vFkZ ;k loZ xks"Vhaph dkGth 'kkafrykyth ?ksr

vkgsr- ts.ksd:u 5&10 o"kk±uarj ljdkjyk gk fo"k; Lohdkj.;kf'kok; nqljk i;kZ;

jkg.kkj ukgh- ;kph dkGth 'kkafrykyth inksinh ?ksrkgsr- [kjks[kjp iq.;kgwu brD;k

ykac vkf.k v'kk i/nrhus ;'kLohjhR;k ,[kknk fo"k; jkco.ka vkf.k R;kP;klkBh 100

yksdkaph QGh vkf.k ckdhps 15&20 yksd vls 125 yksd ,dk fBdk.kh fu;qDr

dj.ka vkf.k R;kapk ixkj ns.ka vkf.k R;kaP;kdMwu dke d:u ?ks.ka gsgh vfr'k;

egÙokpa] eksBa dke 'kkafrykythaP;k ek/;ekus >kysya vkgs- Eg.kts uqlrp ;k

fBdk.kh ,d osGsl yksdakuk dkghrjh lkaxwu rqEgh o"kZHkj dke djhr jkgk] v'kk

izdkjpa gs dke ukgh-

rjhgh gk dk;ZØe gGwgGw eksBa ;'k laiknu d: 'kdsy vla ;k ,d

o"kkZP;k vuqHkoko:u Eg.k.;kl gjdr ukgh vla eyk okVra- eh 'kkafrykythauk iz'u

fopkjyk dh ;k ,d o"kkZe/;s rqEgkyk vuqHko dk; vkys rs rqEgh lkafxrys- ijarq

181

QDr vfr'k; FkksMD;kr ,o<ap lkaxk dh gk vH;klØe ns'kkP;k mi;ksxkpk gksbZy

dh ukgh o gk vH;klØe ljdkj ekU; djsy dh ukgh fdaok ;kP;ke/;s vkrk ,d

o"kkZP;k vuqHkokeqGs rqEgh iw.kZ vk;q"; ;kP;ke/;s ?kkyfo.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk vkgs dh

;kP;krwu ckgsj iM.;kP;k lanHkkZr fopkj djhr vkgkr\

;koj mRrj nsrkuk 'kkafrykyth vla Eg.kkys ^^eh ,d o"kZ ewY;o/kZu 159

'kkGse/;s jkcfoys- ;k izdYikrhy izR;sd xks"V eh Lor% dsysyh vkgs- izR;sd

[kkyP;k ek.klkpk vgoky ekÖ;kdMs ;sr gksrk- izR;sd ?kVuk dk; ?kMr gksrh rh

eyk Rofjr dGr gksrh- eh Lor% ;kP;k ikBhekxs gksrks- R;keqGs eyk ;k fo"k;koj

100 VDds vla lkaxkola okVr dh gh ,d >yd vkgs- vkrk ekÖ;k y{kkr vkysya

vkgs dh ;k Hkkjrke/;s ewY; f'k{k.k ns.;klkBh ygkui.kkiklwu dk; dsya xsya ikfgts]

dla dsya xsya ikfgts o rs d'kk i/nrhus ;'kLoh gksbZy ;kpk laiw.kZ vankt vkyk

vkgs- ;kps ladsr eyk feGkysys vkgsr- ijarq ts dke eh lq: dsysya vkgs rs 10

o"kk±i;±r fpdkVhus d:u 10 o"kk±uarj ek>a ckgsj iM.kkja ifgya izkWMDV gs dla vkgs gs

tsOgk brjkaP;k leksj ;sbZy] brjkauk letsy rsOgk fuf'prp R;koj la'kks/ku dsys

tkbZy] R;kP;koj fopkjfofue; gksbZy ;kph eyk [kk=h vkgs-**

'kkafrykythapk gk vkRefo'okl gk fuf'prp Qkthy vkRefo'okl ukgh]

vls R;kaP;k iznh?kZ vuqHkokuarj o R;kaP;k Lor%P;k dk;Z'kSyhdMs ikgrk o

fpdkVhdMs ikgrk] lpksVhdMs ikgrk o R;kapk la;e ikgrk Eg.kkosls okVrs- 25&27

o"kk±P;k lkekftd dk;kZuarj vk.k[kh 10&15 o"ksZ okV ikgk;ph vkf.k uqlrpa

osMÓkklkj[ka dke djhr jkgk;pa gk izdkj vkrki;ZUr dqBsgh ikgk;yk feGkysyk ukgh-

v'kk izdkjpk gk vuqHko eh 'kkafrykythaP;k ppsZo:u ?ksr vkgs] cksy.;ko:u ?ksr

vkgs vkf.k gs ,d vkxGîkk o osxGîkk izdkjpa pfj= fl/n gksbZy vla eyk rjh

Lor%yk okVra;- tsOgk 'kkafrykythauh laiw.kZ ekfgrh lkafxryh rsOgk eh R;kauk nqljk

iz'u fopkjyk] nqlÚ;k o"kkZps ewY;o/kZu jkcfo.;kps rqeps /kksj.k dk; vlsy\

R;koj rs mRrjys] ^^lgk efgU;kae/;sp eyk dGwu pqdya gksra dh gk izdYi

100 VDds ;'kLoh gks.kkj vkgs- R;keqGs 159 'kkGkais{kk vk.k[kh tkLr 'kkGkaP;ke/;s

gk jkcfoyk xsyk ikfgts] vlk eh fopkj d: ykxyks gksrks- eh ewY;o/kZu lq:

dsY;koj ifgY;k lgk efgU;kae/;s eyk vkysys vfr'k; ldkjkRed vuqHko ikgrk

iq<P;k o"khZ ikVks|kP;k 'kstkjpk vk.k[kh ,[kknk rkyqdk ?;kok vla eh Bjoya o

R;klkBh vk"Vh rkyqdk fuoMyk- vk"Vh o ikVksnk rkyqD;krY;k 'kkGk] tGxko

182

egkuxjikfydsP;k 'kkGk ;k loZ HkkxkrY;k izkFkfed 'kkGkaph tj csjht dsyh rj rh

toG toG 500 'kkGk ¼35000 eqya½ gksrkr vkf.k ifgY;k o"kkZP;k ikVksnk

rkyqD;kr QDr 159 'kkGkae/;s gk iz;ksx eh dsyk gksrk- Eg.kts ifgY;k o"kkZuarj

nqlÚ;k o"khZ nqiVhis{kk tkLr 'kkGk ;k izdYikarxZr eh vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

vk.k[kh eksBa /kkMl djk;pa Bjoya- Eg.kwu R;k n`"Vhus eh ek>a fu;kstu lq: dsya

gksra-**

ok ! Eg.kts 'kkafrykyth rqEgh lgk efgU;krp ;k izdYikP;k ;'kkpk

vankt ?ksryk o R;kph O;kIrh ok<fo.;kpkgh fu.kZ; ?ksryk- ex vki.k gk fu.kZ;

?ksrkuk tla vk/kh vki.k ikVksnk rkyqdk fuoMyk] uarj vk"Vh rkyqdk fuoMyk o

vki.k tGxko 'kgj fuoMya rj vkiY;k ;k rkyqds o 'kgj fuoM.;kekxps /kksj.k

dk;\ rqEgh vk"Vh,soth nqlÚ;k ,[kk|k ftYgîkkr dk ukgh xsykr fdaok tGxkoP;k

,soth brj ,[kk|k egkuxjikfydsr dk ukgh xsykr- Eg.kts rqeph ;k ikBhekxph

Hkwfedk dk; vkgs\

'kkafrykyth R;koj Eg.kkys] ^^izFke eh ikVksnk rkyqdk ;klkBh fuoMyk dh

ek>k tUe ikVksnk rkyqD;krY;k Mksaxjfd.kh xkoke/;s >kysyk gksrk- ftFks eh

ewY;o/kZupa eq[; dk;kZy; Bsoya] ftFks eh bekjr cka/kwu O;olk; izf'k{k.k dsanz lq:

dsya gksra rs eyk okijrk ;sbZy vla eyk okVr gksra- nqlja ;kpa dkj.k vla gksra dh eh

brD;k NksVîkk xkokrwu vkysyks vkgs] T;k xkokus] T;k ekrhus T;k yksdkauh eyk R;k

fBdk.kh lgdk;Z dsya vkgs] ftFks ek>k tUe >kyk vkgs] ftFka ek>a ckyi.k xsya vkgs

frFkwu ckgsj xsY;kuarj ek>h izxrh >kY;koj eh ekÖ;k xkokyk] rkyqD;kyk o

ftYgîkkyk folj.kkj ukgh- eh R;kaP;klkBh Bksl dkghrjh dke djsu v'kh ek>h

eukiklwuph bPNk gksrh- rh bPNk iw.kZ dj.;kph la/kh ;k fufeRrkus eyk feG.kkj

gksrh- nqljgh ,d dkj.k gksra] dh eh ;k rkyqD;krhy jfgoklh vlY;keqGs o eh

cÚ;kp osGk xkoh tkr vlY;keqGs yksdkaP;k leksj Hkk"k.ka djhr lY;keqGs fdaok

lkewfgd fookgkP;k pGoGheqGs eh laiw.kZ egkjk"VªHkj nkSjs dsY;keqGs gk iksjxk

vkeP;k xkopk vkgs] gk iksjxk vkeP;k rkyqD;kpk vkgs] gk iksjxk vkeP;k

ftYgîkkpk vkgs vla yksd vfr'k; Bkei.kkus yksdkauk lkaxr-

R;keqGs eh tj gk fo"k; frFks f'kdok;yk lq#okr dsyh rj R;k

rkyqD;krhy f'k{kd o eq[;k/;kid ekÖ;koj 'kadk ?ks.kkj ukghr] dh gk dqBwu

ckgs:u 'kgjkrwu ek.kwl vkyk;a o vkeP;kdMs ;sÅu useda dk; dj.kkj vkgs\ vla

183

R;kauk okV.kkj ukgh- R;kauk vla okVsy dh gk vkiY;k rkyqD;kryk eqyxk vkf.k

vkiY;k rkyqD;klkBh gs lxGa djrks;- Eg.kwu R;kapa lgdk;Z eyk feGsy vkf.k rs

eyk letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru djrhy-

vkrk vk"Vh rkyqdk fuoMrkuk vk.k[kh ,d fopkj dsyk- tla ikVksnk

rkyqD;krY;k Mksaxjfd.khe/;s ek>k tUe >kyk- rlk vk"Vh rkyqD;krY;k veksyd

tSu fo|ky;] dMk ;sFks ek>a f'k{k.k >kya- eh 11 oh i;ZUrpa f'k{k.k ;k 'kkGsr ?ksrya-

nqlja vk"Vh vkf.k ikVksnk gs rkyqds 'kstkjh 'kstkjh vkgsr- R;keqGs ikVksnk rkyqD;kr ts

dkgh dke pkyya; R;kP;keqGs vk"Vh rkyqD;krhy yksd fuf'prp izHkkoh vkgsr o

izHkkoh gksÅ 'kdrhy-

,desdkaP;k 'kstkjh vlY;keqGs tsOgk vkEgh f'k{kd usew rsOgk R;kauk ,dk

xkokgwu nqlÚ;k xkokyk tk.;k;s.;klkBh vMp.k ;s.kkj ukgh- gk R;k ikBhekxpk

vkepk nqljk mís'k gksrk Eg.kwu eh vk"Vh rkyqdk fuoMyk- ftYgkifj"knsus ekxP;k

ikVksnk rkyqD;kr ijokuxh fnysyhp gksrh- R;keqGs vk"Vh rkyqD;kr iqUgk ijokuxh

ns.;klkBh dqByh vMp.k ;s.kkj ukgh gsgh eyk okVr gksra- dkj.k izdYikpa ;'k

loZt.k c?krp gksrs- Eg.kwu eh vk"Vh rkyqdk iq<P;k o"khZ ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

vkrk iz'u f'kYyd jkgrks dh eh tGxko egkuxjikfydk dk fuoMyh\

ftFks eh l/;k jkgrks rh iq.ks egkuxjikfydk dk ukgh fuoMyh- tj gsp la;qfDrd

vlsy dh eh ftFks tUeyks] ftFks f'kdyks ex eh ftFks dkjdhnZ djrks frFkyh

egkuxjikfydk dk ukgh ?ksryh\ rh lksMwu tGxko egkuxjikfydk dk ?ksryh\

vlkgh iz'u fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdsy- ijarq tGxko egkuxjikfydk fuoM.;kP;k ikBhekxs

ek>h dkgh dkj.ka gksrh- rh dkj.ka v'kh vkgsr dh eyk egkuxjikfydk fuoMrkuk

[kwi eksBh egkuxjikfydk ,dne lq#okrhyk udks gksrh] gs ,d dkj.k vkgs- nqlja

dkj.k vla dh tGxko 'kgjke/;s eyk ,d eksBk vk/kkj gksrk- frFks Hkkjrh; tSu

la?kVusps fo'oLr Jh- Hkojykyth tSu] Jh- lqjs'knknk tSu gs ek>s vfr'k; toGps

Lusgh vkgsr] fe= vkgsr-

R;kpizek.ks tSu lekt tGxko 'kgjkr eksBîkk izek.koj fo[kqjysyk vkgs-

frFks dqBY;k vMhvMp.kh vkY;k rj eh frFks tk.;kph vko';drk jkg.kkj ukgh o

rs yksd R;kph dkGth ?ksÅ 'kdrhy vlagh eyk okVr gksra- vk.k[kh ,d dkj.k gh

egkuxjikfydk fuoM.;kP;k ekxs gksra dh ;k ,d egkuxjikfydse/;s mnZw 'kkGkaph

184

la[;k tkLr vkgs- eyk gk tks dk;ZØe vkgs gk mnwZ 'kkGkaP;ke/;s lq/nk jkcowu R;kps

vuqHko ?;k;ps gksrs- Eg.kwu R;kpk vuqHko ;kok] R;krY;k vMhvMp.kh letkO;kr

Eg.kts eyk gk vH;klØe uarj baxzthe/;s] fganhe/;s rlsp mnwZe/;s dlk djrk ;sbZy

;klkBh eyk fopkjfofue; djrk ;sbZy- Eg.kwu eh R;k –"Vhus tGxko ftYgk

fuoMyk-**

'kkafrykythauh iq<P;k o"khZph r;kjh [kwi tksjkr dsY;kpa y{kkr vkya-

osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh ;k dk;ZØekph O;kIrh ok<owu vk.k[kh eksBh mMh ?ks.;kpk fu.kZ;

R;kauh ?ksÅu Bsoysyk gksrk- iq<s eh 'kkafrykythauk iz'u fopkjyk dh vki.k gs lxGa

lgk efgU;kae/;s dla Bjoya\ R;koj 'kkafrykythauh mRrj fnya] ^^tGxko

egkuxjikfydk o chts,l ;kaP;ke/;s gk dk;ZØe jkcfo.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr vkyk-

iqUgk chts,lus Lor%psp yksd f'k{kd Eg.kwu fdaok R;kaP;koj i;Zos{kd Eg.kwu rsFks

fu;qDr djk;ps- chts,lusp R;kapk ixkj |k;pk- dqBY;kgh izdkjpk vkfFkZd ckstk

tGxko egkuxjikfydsoj iM.kkj ukgh ;kph dkGth ;k fBdk.kh ?ks.;kr vkyh o

ifgyh rs pkSFkh izR;sd b;RrslkBh jkst ,d rkfldk ewY;o/kZulkBh ns.;kps fuf'pr

>kys- v'kk i/nrhus tGxkoph ijokuxh ?ksryh] vk"Vh o ikVks|kph ijokuxh ?ksryh

o iq<P;k o"khZ 500 'kkGkaP;ki;ZUr tk.;kP;k lanHkkZr fu.kZ; ?ksryk- tlk gk fu.kZ;

?ksryk rlkp ;k fu.kZ;kph vaeyctko.kh d'kh dsyh tkoh] rh dj.;klkBh eyk

iwoZr;kjh dk; djkoh ykxsy ;kP;kojrhgh eh fopkj dsyk-

chMe/;s yxsp f'k{kd feGr gksrs] rls tGxko 'kgjke/;s eyk rkcMrksc

f'k{kd feGkys ukghr- R;keqGs tGxkoe/;s tkfgjkr nsÅu frFks ifgY;k o"khZ

ykx.kkÚ;k yksdkaph fu;qDrh dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- eyk gk fo"k; QDr ihl

,T;qds'kuiqjrk e;kZfnr u Bsork ekWjy vkf.k OgWY;wt iw.kZ djk;P;k gksR;k- R;k

–f"Vdksukrwu eh vH;klØeklkBh eq[; dk;kZy;ke/;s ,d osxGk foHkkx r;kj dsyk-

MkW- jksLV ;kaP;kcjkscj ,d djkjgh dsyk- eyk vH;klØe cnyk;pk vkgs vkf.k

cny dsY;koj rqEgh lq/nk riklwu ikgkok vkf.k R;kP;klkBh eyk lgdk;Z |koa-

izf'k{k.kklkBh lq/nk rqepa lgdk;Z ikfgts] v'kk i/nrhus MkW- jksLV ;kaP;kcjkscj

djkjgh dj.;kr vkyk-

ckyHkkjrhP;k fd'kksj ekfldkP;k laikfndk Jherh Kkunk ukbZd ;kauk

fouarh d:u R;kaph eh ;k vH;klØe xVkP;k izeq[kinh use.kwd dsyh o eq[;

185

dk;kZy;ke/;s lapkydinkoj ?ksÅu vH;klØe r;kj dj.;kph tckcnkjh

R;kaP;kdMs ns.;kr vkyh-

nqlÚ;k o"khZ uohu vH;klØe izdkf'kr djrkuk vk.k[kh nksu o"kk±e/;s

eksBîkk izek.kkr cny d:u uohu vH;klØe yksdkauk |k;pk gkgh fu.kZ; vkEgh

R;kp osGh ?ksryk o R;k –"Vhus vkEgh osxGîkk dkekyk ykxyks- v'kk i/nrhus ifgya

o"kZ lai.;kP;kiwohZp nqlÚ;k o"kkZlkBhph brdh eksBh r;kjh iw.kZi.ks d:u R;k

–f"Vdksukrwu vaeyctko.kh d:u gh loZ dkea dj.;kr vkyh-**

'kkafrykythaP;k ;k vFkd ifjJekyk o ;k iz;Rukauk [kjks[kjp [kwi egÙo

vkgs- brdh nwj–"Vh o v'kkizdkjpa eqGkiklwupa dke Lor%P;k utjs[kkyh d:u

?ks.;kpa R;kapa oSf'k"VÓk vkgs rs ekukoa ykxsy- brj fBdk.kh QDr lwpuk fnY;k

tkrkr- rqEgh gs djk] rqEgh rs djk] vla lxGa lkafxrya tkra- ijarq bFks

'kkafrykythaP;k ckcrhr iw.kZi.ks myV ?kMra- 'kkafrykyth Lor% lwpuk nsrkr] /kksj.k

Lor% Bjorkr] izR;sd fu.kZ; 'ksoVi;ZUrpk rs ?ksrkr] izR;sd O;Drh'kh rs Lor%

cksy.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr] dkeke/;s iw.kZ osG nsr vlY;keqGs o d:u ?ksr

vlY;keqGs fuf'prp ,d vkxGaosxGa dke gksra ;kcíy eyk vfr'k; vkuan o

vk'p;Z okVys-

R;kauh ifgY;k o"khZ f'k{kdkauk ixkj dls fnys ;k fo"k;h tsOgk R;kauk

fopkjya gksra rsOgk R;kauh eyk vla lkafxrya dh] ^,dk f'k{kdkyk f'k{k.k lsod

Eg.kwu ljdkj tso<k ixkj nsra rso<k ixkj R;k f'k{kdkauk eh fnyk-* vla ukgh dh

'kkafrykythauh nksu&ikp'ks #i;ke/;s R;k f'k{kdkauk jkcowu ?ksrya- R;kauh Mh-,M-

>kysY;kauk 3000@& #i;s efguk] ch-,M- >kysY;kauk 4000@& #i;s efguk o

,e-,M- @ mPp inoh/kj >kysY;kauk 5000@& #i;s ixkj fnyk- 'kkafrykythauk

;kphgh tk.kho gksrh dh tks dkgh eh ixkj nsrks; rks f'k{k.k lsod Eg.kwu ljdkj tjh

ixkj nsr vlyk rjh gk ixkj R;kapk iziap pkyfo.;klkBh iqjslk ukgh- ,o<Ókk

iS'kke/;s dkgh R;kapk iziap Hkkxr ukgh- gsgh 'kkafrykyth tk.kwu gksrs-

ijarq R;kauk loZp izdkjP;k xks"Vh djk;P;k gksR;k- Eg.kwu R;kauh ifgya o"kZ

laiY;kuarj loZ f'k{kdkapk 500@& #i;kus ixkj ok<oyk vkf.k lkafxrya dh eh ;k

f'k{kdkapk njo"khZ 500@& #i;s ixkj ok<o.kkj vkgs- Eg.kts ;ke/;s 'kkafrykythapa

dkSrqd djkoa ykxsy dh gGwgGw rs ,dhdMwu ixkjgh ok<or vkgsr] nqljhdMs R;kauk

186

ixkj deh vlY;kph tk.khogh vkgs- ijarq gs laLdkjkpa dke vkgs o R;kP;ke/;s

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:torkgsr vkf.k rs ,d R;kxh] l{ke o pkaxyk vlk f'k{kd fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru

djhr vkgsr] gsgh ;ko:u fl/n >kya-

fo'ks"k Eg.kts tGxkoe/;s mnwZ 'kkGk tkLr gksR;k- R;keqGs ts dkgh xkbZM

fu;qDr dsys gksrs R;ke/;s mnwZ Hkk"kk ekfgrh vl.kkjs xkbZMl~gh cjsp gksrs- ijarq

'kkafrykythadMs vH;klØe ejkBhe/;s gksrk- ts xkbZM fu;qDr dsys gksrs R;kauk ejkBh

i.k ;sr gksrh o mnwZgh ;sr gksrh- v'kk i/nrhus R;k loZ xkbZMl~uk 'kkafrykythauh

fouarh dsyh dh vk/kh rqEgh gs ejkBhrya iqLrd ?;k- eh mnwZe/;s ;kpk vH;klØe

dsysyk ukgh- R;kpa dkj.k eyk vH;klØe vtwu cnyk;pk vkgs o R;klkBh nksu

o"ksZ ykxrhy- ek>k vH;klØe eyk ikfgts rlk tsOgk r;kj gksbZy rsOgk rks eh

mnwZe/;s Hkk"kkarfjr djhu-

;k fBdk.kh vk'p;Z Eg.kts mnwZ f'k{kdkaiSdh dkgh f'k{kdkauh pDdi.ks

mnwZe/;sp gkrkus fygk;yk lq#okr dsyh vkf.k eqykauk f'kdorkuk gk fo"k; R;kauh

mnwZe/;s f'kdoyk- eqykauh vkf.k ikydkauh gk fo"k; vfr'k; pkaxY;k izdkjs ekU;

dsyk- v'kk i/nrhus dqBY;kgh izdkjph dkea 'kkafrykythauh djk;ph ckdh Bsoyh

ukghr- loZ tkfr/kekZyk gk fo"k; LohdkjkgZ gksbZy] loZ izdkjP;k yksdkauk ;kP;kr

vMp.khpa rj dkgh ukgh uk\ ;kP;kryk dqByk etdwj dks.kkyk v{ksikgZ rj okVr

ukgh uk\ gs dVk{kkus letwu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru 'kkafrykyth vfr'k; ckjdkbZus djhr

vkgsr] gs eyk ;k fBdk.kh dGya- tsOgk ,[kknk ek.kwl brD;k ckjdkbZus eu LoPN

Bsowu loZ izdkjP;k yksdkauk lekfo"V d:u ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru djrks] nqlÚ;kaP;k

fopkjkaph dnj djrks] R;kaP;k lwpukaph dnj djrks ;k loZ xks"Vh tj fopkjke/;s

?ksrY;k rj gs ,d dke vfr'k; osxGîkk i/nrhus iq<a pkyysya vkgs vla fnlwu ;sra-

v'kkizdkjs vk"Vh] ikVksnk rkyqD;krhy ftYgkifj"knsP;k loZ 'kkGk o

tGxko egkuxjikfydsP;k loZ 'kkGk v'kk 500 'kkGakP;ke/;s 35000 eqykaP;koj

nqlÚ;k o"khZpk gk iz;ksx lq: >kyk- R;kuarj 'kkafrykythaP;k MksD;kr vusd dYiuk

;sÅ ykxY;k-

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187

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fo"k;koj ppkZ djk;ph o fparu djk;ps vls Bjys- lIVsacj 2010 e/;s BjY;kizek.ks

;k fo"k;koj chts,lP;k lapkyd eaMGkus 8 fnol eksBîkk izek.kkoj fopkjeaFku dsya-

;k fo"k;kdMs osxosxGîkk n`f"Vdksukrwu ikgwu usedh iq<ph /kksj.ka d'kh vlkohr ;k

fo"k;h fopkj dj.;kr vkyk o dkgh /kksj.kkRed fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr vkys- R;krhy ,d

lokZr eksBk /kksj.kkRed fu.kZ; vlk gksrk dh 'kkafrykythauk vkrk frlÚ;k o"khZ chM

ftYgîkkrys vk.k[kh cjsp rkyqds ?;k;ps gksrs o gk iz;ksx iw.kZ ftYgîkke/;s jkcok;ph

bPNk R;kaP;k euke/;s gksrh- R;kauh rh bPNk lapkyd eaMGkdMs cksywu nk[koyh-

ijarq cksMkZus ,df=r fopkjfofue; d:u 'kkafrykythauk R;kapk fu.kZ; ekxs

?;k;yk Hkkx ikMys o 'kkafrykythauh Lor%gwu laiw.kZ ppsZvarh rks ijr ?ks.;kps

Bjfoys- dnkfpr R;kaP;k vk;q";krhy v'kkizdkjs ?ksrysyk fu.kZ; fopkjkarh ijr

?ks.;kph osG gh ifgyhp vlkoh- Eg.kwu eh 'kkafrykythauk vki.k gk fu.kZ; dk ijr

?ksryk gs fopkjys vlrk 'kkafrykythauh fnysys mRrj [kwip egÙokps vkgs-

'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys ^^ek>h v'kh bPNk gksrh dh 2&3 o"kk±r iw.kZ chM ftYgîkke/;s

ewY;o/kZu 10 o"ksZ jkcok;pa- tj vkiY;kyk gk fu.kZ;] gk iz;ksx Hkkjr ljdkjyk

lqiwnZ djk;pk vlsy rj 500 iSdh ,d rjh ftYgk vki.k ;k i/nrhus d:u

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,dk ftYgîkkpk vuqHko ikgk;yk feGkyk vlrk- gs loZ eh lapkyd eaMGkiq<s

ekaMya- ijarq la[;kRed ok<his{kk tj vki.k 500 'kkGkae/;s y{k dsafær dsya o

dk;ZØe vf/kd izHkkoh dj.;kps tj O;ofLFkr iz;Ru dsys rj rs vf/kd pkaxys gksbZy

v'kh Hkkouk loZ lapkyd eaMGkus eyk letkowu lkafxryh- rh eh ,sdyh-

v'kkizdkjs ;koj l[kksy ppkZ >kY;kuarj [kkyhy i/nrhus ewY;o/kZu vf/kd

ifj.kkedkjd&izHkkoh&dj.;klkBhps fu.kZ; ?ks.;kr vkys-**

1- ewY;o/kZupk vH;klØe vk.k[kh tkLr izHkkoh dj.;klkBh loZp fBdk.kh

R;kyk ekU;rk feGw 'kdsy v'kkizdkjpk mRÑ"V vH;klØe r;kj

dj.;kdMs y{k dsafær dsys tkos-

2- l/;kps 60 fnolkaps ^lCtsDV Vsªfuax* @ ^baMD'ku Vsªfuax* vkgs] R;kP;k

188

ys[kh uksanh Bsowu vfr'k; O;ofLFkr r;kj d:u rs vk.k[kh pkaxY;k

i/nrhus dls r;kj djrk ;sbZy ;klkBhph ;a=.kk jkcfo.ks-

3- izR;sd xkbZMdMwu tks lkIrkfgd vgoky eq[; dk;kZy;kdMs ikBfoyk

tkrks] tks R;k xkbZMus jkstP;k jkst Hk:u vkBoMÓkkrwu ,dnk ikBok;pk

vlrks- rks vgoky vfr'k; osxGîkk vk/kqfud o pkaxY;k i/nrhus r;kj

d:u R;kyk tkLr ifj.kkedkjd dj.ks-

4- ewY;o/kZu jkcfo.;kps /kksj.k vfr'k; O;kogkfjd /krhZoj vk/kkfjr r;kj

d:u R;kpk ys[kktks[kk r;kj dj.ks-

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izWfDVlsl* r;kj d:u loZ izfØ;sph ,d i/nr r;kj dj.ks-

6- ewY;o/kZu jkcfo.;kP;k i/nrhps lkW¶Vosvj r;kj dj.ks-

7- fjiksÉVx o ekWfuVfjax flfLVe r;kj dj.ks-

8- la'kks/ku foHkkx eksBk d:u R;koj ckgsjhy rTK yksdkaph fu;qDrh d:u gk

foHkkx vf/kd l{ke dj.ks-

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izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk[kwu nsÅu rs jkcfo.kss-

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o rs jkcfo.ks-

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x`ghr /k:u R;k 180 rkfldkaps osGki=d r;kj d:u R;kpa lkW¶Vosvj

r;kj d:u rs dla f'kdoya tkra R;koj y{k Bso.ks-

12- ewY;o/kZuP;k dkekps vkarjjk"Vªh; ukeoar O;kolkf;d laLFkkadMwu

ifj.kkedkjd ewY;ekiu ¼bEiWDV vWlslesaV½ d:u ?ks.ks-

13- ihl ekWjy o OgWY;w ,T;qds'kuP;k lanHkkZr jk"Vªh; o vkarjjk"Vªh; ikrGhoj

osxosxGs la'kks/kukRed izca/k r;kj d:u ikBfo.ks o R;ke/;s lgHkkx ?ks.ks-

;k loZ ckcrhe/;s vfr'k; pkaxY;k i/nrhus dke lq: d:u oj mYys[k

dsysyh izR;sd ckc iw.kZi.ks ;'kLoh dj.;ke/;s eyk iq<P;k dkGkr uDdhp ;'k

feGkys] ;kps eyk lek/kku vkgs-

baXyMe/khy dsfEczt ;qfuOgflZVh'kh laidZ lk/kwu ;k dk;ZØekP;k ifj.kkekps

189

ewY;ekiu dj.;klkBh djkj dj.;kr vkyk- R;kizek.ks vfr'k; lw{ei.ks izR;sd

xks"Vhpk lkaxksikax fopkj d:u ;kstukc/n i/nrhus ekpZ 2011 e/;s dsfEczt

;qfuOgflZVhus ifgY;k o"khZ ikVks|krhy 159 'kkGkaps ewY;ekiu dsys- R;klkBhps

O;ofLFkr izf'k{k.k R;kaP;k lwpukaizek.ks nsÅu fdacgquk fOgMhvks dkWUQjfaUlaxus

baXyMgwu iq.;kP;k eq[; dk;kZy;kr 2&3 fnol iw.kZ izf'k{k.kgh ns.;kr vkys-

2011 e/;s ;kpk vfr'k; pkaxyk vgoky dsfEczt ;qfuOgflZVhus tkghj dsyk-

ikydkaP;k ekfgrhlkBh Kkuizcksf/kuh o lkS- uhfyek fdjk.ks ;kaP;kdMwu

vkEgkyk ikfgts r'kh iz.kkyh r;kj d:u ?ks.;kr vkyh- ewY;o/kZups lkW¶Vosvj

iWdst r;kj >kys- 35000 eqykapk ukoklg MkVk dEI;qVje/;s QhM dj.;kr vkyk-

,d vfr'k; ^Mk;uWfed lkW¶Vosvj* r;kj d:u ;krwu xsY;k o"kZHkjkr vk.k[kh eksBa

vkÅViqV ckgsj ;sÅ 'kdsy v'kh ;kstuk vk[k.;kr vkyh-**

'kkafrykythauh iq<s lkafxrys] ^^laiw.kZ txke/;s ihl ekWjy OgWY;w

,T;qds'kuP;k lanHkkZr 4 osxosxGîkk izdkjP;k fQykWlkWQht vkt r;kj vkgsr-

txkrhy loZ yksd ;k 4 iSdh dqBY;k uk dqBY;k ,dk fQykWlkWQhoj vk/kkfjr jkgwu

vkiys dk;ZØe djhr vlrkr- ;k T;k 4 fQykWlkWQht r;kj vkgsr] R;ke/;s

Hkkjrkryh ,dgh fQykWlkWQh ukgh- R;keqGs eh Lor% vlk fopkj dsyk dh tls

txke/;s vkt ;k fo"k;koj 4 fQykWlkWQht vkgsr r'kh vki.k ,d osxGh HkkjrkP;k

laLd`rhP;k lkP;kr clsy v'kh 5 oh fQykWlkWQh r;kj djkoh o frP;koj tkLrhr

tkLr dke d:u R;krwu pkaxys fu"d"kZ ckgsj dk<kosr- ts.ksd:u dkgh o"kk±uarj

txkrys cjsp yksd iwohZP;k 4 fQykWlkWQhis{kk Hkkjrkus cufoysY;k 5 O;k

fQykWlkWQhpk okij djrhy! vlk eh fopkj d:u fQykWlkWQh r;kj dj.;klkBh

tkLr osG ns.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

vkWDVkscj 2011 e/;s txke/khy ihl ekWjy o OgWY;w ,T;qds'kuoj eksBîkk

izek.kkoj la'kks/ku o dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k laLFkkaph ,d tkxfrd ifj"kn ukuthax ¼phu½ ;k

fBdk.kh vk;ksftr dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- ;k ifj"knse/;s eh ewY;o/kZupk ,d isij

fygwu ikBoyk- ifj"knsus gk isij eatwj d:u ;kps izs>saVs'ku txkrhy yksdkaP;kleksj

ns.;klkBh eyk rsFks fueaf=r dsys- eh Lor% o ekÖ;k dk;kZy;krhy nksu ofj"B

la'kks/kd vls vkEgh ukuftaxyk xsyks- gs nksu la'kks/kd Eg.kts MkW- tLoky irh&iRuh-

nks?ksgh ih- ,p-Mh- dsysys mPpf'kf{kr- f'k{k.k {ks=kr] R;kpizek.ks lkekftd dk;kZrgh

190

vxzslj- ^eqya 'kkL=&xf.krkr ukikl dk gksrkr* ;k leL;sP;k eqGki;±r tkÅu 'kks/k

?ksÅu R;koj R;kauh mik;;kstuk dsyh gksrh- vkiY;k ixkjkrhy ngk VDds jDde

xjhc eqykalkBh] dq"BjksX;kalkBh [kpZ dj.kkÚ;k ;k nkaiR;kph ekfgrh eyk baVjusVo:u

letyh o eh R;kauk chts,le/;s la'kks/kudk;kZlkBh cksykowu ?ksrya- ukuftaxyk

chts,lP;k isijps lknjhdj.k dj.;kr vkys- lok±uh R;kph Qkj iz'kalk dsyh-

txkrhy osxosxGîkk rTKkaP;k vksG[kh >kY;k] [kwi ekfgrh feGkyh- ;k fo"k;koj

txkr dqBs fdrh dke pkyw vkgs ;kpk vH;kl >kyk o tkxfrd ikrGhoj gks.kkÚ;k

v'kk eksBeksBîkk ifj"knkae/;s Hkkjrkps izfrfuf/kRo [kjs rj [kwi tkLr vlk;yk gos vls

okVys-

ijarq ;k ifj"knsyk chts,lP;k vkEgk fr?kkaO;frfjDr Hkkjrkrwu QDr 2&3

p O;Drh mifLFkr gksR;k- txkrhy loZ yksdkauk ihl ekWjy OgWY;w ,T;qds'kulkBh

HkkjrkdMwu eksBîkk vis{kk vkgsr- ;k fo"k;koj dke dj.kkÚ;kaph la[;k Hkkjrkr

ok<yh ikfgts gsgh ;ko:u fl/n >kys- rhu o"kZ dk;ZØe jkcfoY;kuarj ;k o"khZ iqUgk

uohu ewY;ekiu dj.;kpk fu.kZ; >kyk- iwohZP;k o"khZ dsfEczt ;qfuOgflZVhus ^bEiWDV

vWlslesaV* dsya] Eg.kwu ;kosGh vk.k[kh txkrY;k dq.khrjh ;k {ks=krY;k eksBîkk

rTKkaP;kdMwu rs Ogkoa ;kps iz;Ru dsys xsys- cÚ;kp la'kks/kukuarj vesfjdsrhy MkW-

esjh MXyl gs v'kk izHkkohi.ks ewY;ekiu dj.;klkBh vfr'k; pkaxys vkgsr gs

letys- dnkfpr txkrY;k 5&10 O;Drhae/;s rs vlw 'kdrhy] vls letY;ko:u

vkEgh R;kaP;k'kh laidZ lk/kyk-

ekpZ 2012 e/;s ewY;ekiukps gs dke vfr'k; osxkus >kys vkgs- tqyS

2012 e/;s ;k ewY;ekiukP;k vgokykph izrh{kk vkgs- R;kp i/nrhus uohu

vH;klØekph loZ r;kjh iw.kZ dj.;kr vkyh vlwu twu 2012 e/;s lq: gks.kkÚ;k

'kS{kf.kd l=ke/;s Eg.kts ;k pkSF;k o"khZ iw.kZi.ks uohu vH;klØekP;k n`"Vhus

f'kdfo.;kl lq#okr gks.kkj vkgs- R;k –f"Vdksukrwu uohu vH;klØe r;kj dsyk

xsyk vlwu ;k osGpk vH;klØe gk vfr'k; mRÑ"V cufo.;kr vkyk vkgs-

eqykaP;ke/;s ifgyhiklwu ¼o;ksekukuqlkj½ dks.kdks.krh ewY;s :tyh xsyh ikfgtsr o

rh d'kk o dks.kR;k i/nrhus :tyh xsyh ikfgtsr ;kpk iw.kZ vkjk[kMk r;kj dj.;kr

vkyk vkgs- R;keqGs izR;sd b;RrsP;k vH;klØekps fo|kF;k±lkBhps osxGs o

f'k{kdkauk ekxZn'kZd rÙo Eg.kwu osxGs v'kh izR;sd b;RrslkBh izR;sdh rhu iqLrds

191

Nki.;kr vkyh vkgsr o gk vH;klØe f'kdo.;klkBh xkbZMl~uk ,fizy&ese/;s

izf'k{k.k ns.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs-

ewY;o/kZuph rhu o"ksZ laiyh- ;k dk;ZØekus vfr'k; pkaxyk osx ?ksryk o

vkiY;k Lor%pk ,d ntkZ fuekZ.k dsyk- pkSF;k o"kkZiklwu ;ke/;s vk.k[kh [kwi eksBs

cny ?kMrhy o ewY;o/kZu vk.k[kh nenkj gksr tkbZy- izR;sd ckjhdlkjhd xks"VhdMs

y{k nsÅu BjY;kizek.ks loZ xks"Vh O;ofLFkr d:u T;k i/nrhus gk dk;ZØe osxkus iq<s

ljdr vkgs] ,dkgh O;Drhpk R;kyk fojks/k gksr ukgh] Lor%gwu R;ke/;s tkLr

la'kks/ku dsya tkr vkgs- ;ko:u eyk Lor%yk vls okVrs dh 2015 i;ZUr ;k

fo"k;kps ifj.kke eksBîkk izek.kkoj fnlwu ;srhy- R;kP;k ewY;ekiukoj osxosxGîkk

ikrGhoj ppkZ gksbZy- Hkkjr ljdkjyk ;koj fopkj djk;yk Hkkx iMkoa ykxsy] rTK

yksdka'kh ppkZ d:u FkksMÓkk Qkj izek.kkr vH;klØekr cnygh dsys tkrhy o gk

dk;ZØe iq<P;k dkGkr eksBîkk ;'kLohrsdMs okVpky djsy ;kcíy ekÖ;k eukr

'kadk ukgh-**

192

25 : Eånm°da_|Q> Am°\$ H$nëg (EOC)

'kkafrykythauh ts dk;ZØe lkekftd] 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr lq: dsys] R;kps

izFke vkiY;k tSu lektkoj iz;ksx dsys vkf.k R;kps ;ksX; rs ifj.kke fnlwu vkY;koj

rs loZ iz;ksx laiw.kZ lektklkBh lefiZr dsys- QDr tSu lektklkBh vls dkghgh

dj.;kph R;kaph ;kstuk ukghp- myV ^laiw.kZ ns'kklkBhp* gk fopkj R;kaP;k eukr

lrr vlrks- nqljk tks fookfgr tksMI;kP;k l{kehdj.kkpk dk;ZØe vkgs]

R;ke/;s yXukuarj uojk&ck;dks ,desdkauk letwu ?ksrkuk deh iMrkr] rMtksMhyk

pVdu r;kj gksr ukghr] eqyhP;k vkbZofMykapk eqyhaP;k lalkjkryk ok<rk gLr{ksi]

eqyhP;k fdaok eqykP;k vis{kk bR;knh leL;kapk fopkj d:u R;koj mik; 'kks/kys

vkgsr- ;klkBh eqyhP;k vkbZofMykalkBh nksu rkl] eqyklkBh ,d rkl] eqyhlkBh

,d rkl] eqykeqyhaps ,d= vkf.k lok±lkBh ,d= v'kh l=s vk;ksftr dsyh tkrkr-

gs vla dj.;kph [kwi vko'Ókdrk l/;k fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs-

;kiwohZ lkewfgd fookgkP;k lanHkkZr dke djhr vlrkuk ¼20 o"kk±iwohZ½

eqyhaP;k tUenjkr gks.kkjh ?kV 'kkafrykythaP;k y{kkr vkyh gksrh- rlsp vkrkgh

bFkwu iq<P;k dkGkr ?kVLQksVkps izek.k [kwi ok<.kkj vkgs- vxnh ,dkvkM ,d

yXukuarj ?kVLQksV gksÅ 'kdrks- ;keqGs dqVqacO;oLFkk /kksD;kr ;sÅ 'kdrs- vFkkZr gh

dkgh Hkfo";ok.kh ukgh rj 'kkafrykythaP;k vuqHkoko:u] la[;kRed ekfgrho:u gs

lkaxrk ;srs- ;kpk dqVqacO;oLFksoj] O;fDrthoukoj okbZV ifj.kke gksrks- tj ek.klkyk

izxrh djk;ph vlsy rj R;kps dkSVqafcd thou lq[kh vlk;yk gos- ckdhP;k ns'kkr]

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okrkoj.k pkaxys ulY;kl ,dkdhi.kk] fujk'kk ok<wu O;luk/khurk ok<hyk ykxysyh

vk<Grs] vkRegR;k dsysY;k fnlwu ;srkr- Eg.kwu 'kkafrykythauk okVya]

dqVaqcO;oLFkk okpok;ph vlsy] ok<ok;ph vlsy rj ewyHkwr cny Ogk;yk gosr- gs

cny vxnh ygku o;kiklwu & ifgyhiklwu ewY;o/kZuP;k dk;ZØekrwu dj.;kl

cht,slus lq#okr dsyh- R;kps ;'k fnlwu ;sÅ ykxys vkgsp- i.k ;k fookfgr

E.O.C.

193

tksMI;kae/khy ?kVLQksVkaps ok<rs izek.k leksj fnlr vkgs- R;klkBh mik; dj.ks xjtsps

vkgs-

yXuca/ku rqVw u;s Eg.kwu vk/kh iz;Ru djk;yk gosr- rs rqV.;kph okV

ikgk;yk udks- ,dnk rqVY;koj fBxG ykowu iqUgk rs tksM.;kis{kk vkf.k rs uhV

tksMys tkrgh ukghr] gs y{kkr ?ksÅu 10 rs 25 o;ksxVkrhy eqyk&eqyhalkBh

gk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr d:u ?kjkrhy nksu fi<Ókk toG vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru chts,l

djrs vkgs- ;klkBh vkbZofMykauh nksu ikoya dla ekxa ;koa] eqykauh nksu ikoya dla

iq<s ;koa vlk ,d e/;eekxZ dk<.;kpk iz;Ru 'kkafrykyth djhr vkgsr- R;kp

vuq"kaxkus yXu dla dsya tkoa] ;kcíygh tkx`rh fuekZ.k dj.;kpa dke dsya tkr

vkgs-

yXu gs nksu thokaps ifo= ehyu vlrs vkf.k rsOgk nksu vifjfpr O;Drh

,desdkaP;k toG ;srkr] ,d= jkgrkr vkf.k thou;k=k ,d= pkyrkr- R;kauk

usgehp ijes'oj vk'khokZn nsr vlrks- yXus oj vkdk'kkr tqGr vlrhy] i.k rh

;k i`Fohrykoj laiUu gksrkr- ex] vls dk gksrs dh yXukuarj dkgh tksMih lq[kkus

ukanr ukghr] ifr&iRuhe/;s] lklw&lqukae/;s] dkgh osGk lkljk&lqukae/;sgh

rk.kr.kko vlrkr- vkt vkiyk lekt forq"V vlysY;k dqVqackauh xzklysyk vkgs-

gk txkrhy loZ lektke/khy r#.k tksMI;kae/khy Toyar iz'u vkgs- chts,lus r#.k

eqys o eqyhaleksjhy iz'u vkf.k fooapukapk] yXukvk/khP;k vkf.k yXukuarjP;k

dkGkpkgh vH;kl d:u fookfgr tksMI;kauh lq[kkus ukankos ;klkBh R;kauk l{ke

dj.;kpk fu'p; dsyk vkf.k R;klkBh ^^fookfgr tksMI;kaps l{kehdj.k**

gk ,d lksik] O;ogk;Z vkf.k vkReijh{k.k djk;yk yko.kkjk vkxGk vH;klØe

r;kj dsyk-

;k vH;klØeke/;s [kkyhy rDR;kr nk[kfoY;kizek.ks nkaiR;kus

vkivkilke/;s ?kjke/;s jkgkr vlrkuk vk/kh ,desdka'kh ,d:i gks.;klkBh dk;

djk;yk gos] rlsp nks?kkauh feGwu ifjokj lq[kh Bso.;klkBh R;kx] rMtksM] ijLij

ca/ku] lksf'kd o`Rrh] ,desdka'kh tqGowu ?ks.ks] lfg".kqrk] lkeatL;] laokn bR;knh

n`f"Vdksukrwu lnj dk;ZØekr Hkj ns.;kr vkyk vlwu gk dk;ZØe loZ n`"Vhus mRÑ"V

fl/n >kyk vkgs-

E.O.G.

E.O.C.¼ ½

194

ijLijca/ku

R;kx

Lksf’kd o`Ùkh

laokn

lkeatL;

lfg".kwrk

rMtksM

,desdka’khtqGow.k ?ks.ks

,EikWojesaVvkWQdiYl

195

196

Lkq[kkus tx.;klkBh izR;sd euq";ek=kyk dqBY;k uk dqBY;k dBh.kleL;kauk rksaM |kos ykxr vkgs- v'kk izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhr] ts Lor%ps j{k.k d:'kdrkr vkf.k iq<s tkÅ 'kdrkr] rsp [kjks[kj lqf'kf{kr o lqlaLÑr Eg.kk;yk gosr-

dkWyste/khy l/;kps okrkoj.k vR;ar x<wGysys vkgs- Vh-Ogh- vkf.k brj

ek/;ekapk Qkj foijhr ifj.kke fnlrks vkgs- baVjusVo:u yksd dsoG vfu"V xks"Vh

mpyr vkgsr- vuSfrdrk vkf.k xqUgsxkjh lkrR;kus ok<r vkgs- Eg.kwu dkgh eqyhauk

dkWyste/;s ikBok;psp ukgh fdaok R;kauh fe=eSf=.kh djk;P;k ukghr & gs dkgh ;k

iz'ukps mRrj gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- R;kpizek.ks] cnyR;k ifjfLFkrhr vkbZofMykauh

eqyha'kh ;ksX; izdkjs laokn dj.ks Qkj egÙokps vkgs-

v'kk iznwf"kr okrkoj.kkr jkgkr vlrkuk] r#.k eqyhauh ;k i;kZoj.kkykleFkZi.ks rksaM nsÅu] ckgsjhy b"V vfu"V xks"Vhaph ikj[k d:u] Lor%ps vfu"Vxks"Vhaiklwu laj{k.k djkos- ;k n`"Vhus R;kaph r;kjh d'kh djkoh\ ;k loZ fo"k;kaojifjiw.kZ vH;kl vkf.k l[kksy la'kks/ku dsY;kuarj] Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusus vfookfgreqyhalkBh 28 rklkapk ,d izek.ki= vH;klØe r;kj dsyk vkgs- ;k dk;ZØekps ukovkgs] ^^21 O;k 'krdkrhy lkekftd vkOgkukauk rksaM ns.;klkBh eqyhaps l{kehdj.k**

;k vH;klØekr T;k fo"k;kapk lekos'k dsyk vkgs] rs fo"k; vls %

1- nksu fi<Ókkarhy varj o ijLij laoknkpk vHkko-

2- eqys o eqyh ;kauk fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k f'k{k.kkrhy fo"kerk-

3- dkWyst o ckgÓk okrkoj.kkpk izHkko-

4- fe=eaMGhapk izHkko-

5- dqVqackP;k cnyR;k Lo:ikpk izHkko-

6- vk/kqfud ra=Kkukpk izHkko ¼eksckbZy Qksu o baVjusV½

7- lkoZtfud ek/;ekapk izHkko-

8- ckgÓk i;kZoj.kkpk izHkko & ukxjh o xzkeh.k

9- ;ksX; tksMhnkj fuoM.;klkBh ekxZn'kZukpk vHkko-

10- vkbZofMykaph laefr u ?ksrk yXu dj.kkÚ;k 18 rs 22 o;ksxVkrhy eqyhaps

ok<ysys izek.k-

26 : Eånm°da_|Q> Am°\$ Jëg© (EOG)

197

11- ?kVLQksVkaps ok<rs izek.k-

1- dqVaqc vkf.k vkbZofMykaps egÙo-

2- dqVqackrhy lnL;kr vkilkr vf/kd laokn-3- ikydkauh ?kjklkBh vFkZiw.kZ osG ns.ks-4- eqyhauh vkbZoMhy o cjkscjhP;k eSf=.khadMwu fofo/k dkS'kY;s

f'kd.ks-5- eqyhauh vkRelUeku jk[k.;klkBh fofo/k ra=s vkRelkr dj.ks-6- fe= eSf=.kh o eS=h d'kh vlkoh\ fe=eSf=.khaph fuoM dj.ks o

R;kaP;k ;ksX;k;ksX; izHkkokps vkdyu d:u ?ks.ks-7- ek/;ekapk fdrir izHkko vlkok\ vk/kqfud ra=Kkukpk mRre okij

dj.ks-8- nksu fi<Ókkae/khy varj deh dj.ks-9- Lor%e/;s vkRefo'okl o ifjiDork fuekZ.k dj.ks & eqyhauk

fu.kZ;izfØ;sr lgHkkxh dj.ks-

10- Hkkjrh; lektkrhy fookgkph ijaijk o thoukr fookgkps egÙo-

11- dkSVqafcd ehyu & fookglaLdkjkeqGs iq<hy fi<Ókkaoj gks.kkjs

ifj.kke-

12- vk;q";kpk tksMhnkj fuoMrkuk tk.khoiwoZd] ifjiDo fu.kZ;

?ks.;klkBh eqyhauk enr dj.ks-

Lknj dk;ZØe chts,lP;k ek/;ekus 10 jkT;kae/;s jkcfo.;kr vkyk o ,dw.k

151 dk;ZØeka}kjs 4500 eqyhauh ;kpk ykHk ?ksryk vkgs- vktdkyP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s

eqyhauk fe=eaMGhaP;k laxrhus O;lukyk ykowu] VsDukWykWthP;k nq"ifj.kkekus] ok<R;k

ikf'pekR; laLÑrhP;k vkxeukus o HkVdysY;k ;qodkaP;k dpkVÓkkrwu eqyhauh

Lor%ps laj{k.k dj.ks gs ,d vkOgku Bjys vkgs- lnj dk;ZØe gk eqyhauk Lor%P;k

laj{k.kklkBh ,d dop Eg.kwu mi;ksxkyk ;sr vkgs- vkrki;ZUr >kysY;k

dk;ZØekae/kwu izR;sd ?kjkrys okrkoj.k iw.kZi.ks cnyysys fnlr vkgs- vkiY;k iq<P;k

fi<hyk HkVd.;kiklwu jks[k.;klkBh gk ,d jkeck.k mik; vkgs- yodjp fo|kihB

vFkok egkfo|ky;kaP;k ek/;ekus lnj dk;ZØe HkkjrHkj iljfo.;kpk chts,lpk

ekul vkgs-

lnj vH;klØekps Qk;ns %

198

27 : {nË`mÀ`m ^y{_Ho$V

;k ys[kukP;k fufeRrkus 'kkafrykythaP;k ^?kjkyk* HksV.ka vifjgk;Zp gksra- lkS-

ljykrkbZ ;kaP;k o.kZuklkBh ifrozrk] vkn'kZ ekrk gs 'kCngh viqjs iMkosr-

R;kiyhdMsgh R;kapa O;fDreÙo vkgs! R;kaph dks.kk'kh rqyuk dj.;k,soth eh Eg.ksu

R;kaP;klkj[;k QDr R;kp vkgsr-

Jh- lehj] lkS- usgk] lkS- lksukyh ;kaukgh vkiY;k fiR;kcíy fdrh cksyw u~

fdrh udks vla >kya gksra-

R;kuarj 'kkafrykythaukgh R;kaP;k eukrys fopkj O;Dr dj.;kph fouarh

dsyh- R;kuqlkj R;kauh vxnh Li"V] LoPN 'kCnkar gs fopkj O;Dr dsys-

lxGÓkkaP;k ;k Hkkouk] fopkj R;kaP;kp 'kCnkar iq<s vkY;k vkgsr-

vkepa dqVaqc NksVa & eh] ekÖ;kgwu nhM o"kkZua eksBk lehj] eEeh vkf.k

iIik- iIikauk ns'k&fons'kkr fQjk;yk ?ksÅu tk.;kph izpaM gkSl- lxGîkk xks"Vhapa

O;ofLFkr IyWfuax d:u exp rs vkEgkyk U;k;ps- R;kauk fQj.;kizek.ks ek.klkaphgh

vkoM- lrr ek.klkae/;s felGk;yk vkoMs- T;k o;kr ek.kwl iSls feGo.;klkBh

/kMiM djhr vlrks] R;k o;kr gk ek.kwl lkekftd dk;kZua >ikVyk gksrk- R;kapa gs

dke Eg.kts ^ykbZQVkbZe vfpOgesaV* lkj[ka- R;kaP;k R;k dk;kZr vkEgh i.k vxnh

lgt lgHkkxh >kyks-

dqBykgh dk;ZØe ikj iMyk dh vkEgh lxGs ,d= clwu R;koj ppkZ

djk;pks- R;ke/;s eEeh] dkghgh Qkjla u dG.kkjs vkEgh nks?ka] lxGs dk;ZdrsZ]

iIikaph fe=eaMGh lxGs vlk;ps- lkewfgd fookg] in;k=k] 'kkafr;k=k vkf.k iIikaP;k

lxGîkkp lkekftd dk;kZae/;s eEehpk egÙokpk jksy vlk;pk] vlrks- fdrh

ckjhdlkjhd xks"Vhaiklwu vxnh cMscMs ea=h egksn;] lektkrY;k izfrf"Br O;DrhaP;k

vknjkfrF;ki;±r loZ dkgh vxnh glreq[kkus frus lkaHkkGya vkgs-

lkS- lksukyh oSHko pksjfM;k

199

iIikaps O;ki fnolsafnol ok<rp pkyys gksrs- i.k rjhgh R;kaps vkEgk

nks?kkaP;k vH;klkdMs] laxrhdMs ckjhd y{k vls- d/kh d/kh rs vkEgkyk 'kkGsr

lksMok;yk ;k;ps- R;kosGh rj brdh /keky ;k;ph & rs xkMh fpDdkj QkLV

pkyok;ps vkf.k R;kcjkscj lrr glr&[ksGr pky.kkÚ;k xIikgh vlk;P;k- R;kauk

lksMwu xkMhrwu mr:u 'kkGsr tkoalap okVk;pa ukgh-

eyk ngkohr 84 VDds ekDlZ feGkys gksrs- iIikauk eh iq<s dk; f'kdw vla

fopkjY;koj rs Eg.kkys] baftfu;jhaxyk tkoa vla eyk okVra- i.k rq>a rw Bjo dk; rs-

eh fopkj dsyk dkWelZyk xsya rj cjkp osG eyk eksdGk feGsy- ex

eEeh&iIikacjkscj jkgrk ;sbZy- vkf.k Eg.kwu eh dkWelZyk xsys- ch-dkWe- >kys- i.k

vkt eyk okVra] R;kapa R;kosGh ,sdya vlra] rj - - -!

ngkohuarj R;kauh eyk ukfldP;k ^Hkkslyk fefyVjh Ldwy* ;sFks pky.kkÚ;k

,d efgU;kP;k dkslZyk ikBoya- rks dkslZ vR;ar VQ vlk- eyk lq#okrhyk

eEeh&iIikaP;k vkBo.khua jMw ;k;pa- ekÖ;kcjkscjP;k nksu&rhu eqyh ifgY;k

rhu&pkj fnolkarp dkslZ lksMwu R;kaP;k ?kjh xsY;k gksR;k- eykgh rksp eksg >kyk-

i.k iIikauh lrr Qksu d:u] 15 fnolkauh HksVk;yk ;sÅu eyk rks dkslZ iw.kZ djk;yk

ykoyk- R;k ^VQ ykbZQpk* eyk iq<s [kwi mi;ksx >kyk-

iIik lrr lkaxk;ps] lkaxrkr & vki.k usgeh pkaxya dke djkoa-

leksjP;kdMwu dlyhgh vis{kk Bsow u;s- vki.k vkiya dke djkoa- vkf.k rs yxsp

fol:ugh tkoa- rs dke izkekf.kdi.kkua] fu%LokFkhZi.kkua djk] vkiY;k cksy.;kr]

Hkk"ksr usgeh uezrk vlk;yk goh-

vkEgh lgkt.ka & eh] vkbZ] iIik o brj rhu t.ka teZuhyk fu?kkyks gksrks-

eqyxk ^ikg.;klkBh*! eh vBjk o"kk±ph >kys gksrs vkf.k iIikaP;k eukr ekÖ;k yXukps

fopkj lq: >kys- eyk ek= brD;kr yXu eqGhp djk;pa uOgra- iIikauk lksMwu

vki.k ,d fefuVgh nwj jkgw 'kd.kkj ukgh] gs eyk ekghr gksra- eh ,d&nksunk R;kauk

rla lkaxk;pk iz;Rugh dsyk gksrk- eyk gsgh iw.kZi.ks BkÅd gksra dh rsgh eyk lksMwu

jkgw 'kd.kkj ukghr- QDr rs vla cksywu nk[kor ulr- dkj.k eqyxh ofMykaph

fdrhgh ykMdh vlyh rjh frpa [kja ?kj frP;k irhpa vlra] gs ,d oMhy Eg.kwu

200

R;kapa Eg.k.ka gksra- vkf.k rs [kja vlya] rjh ekÖ;k rs Qkjla xGh mrjr uOgra-

R;kaP;kiklwu nwj tk.;kP;k uqlR;k dYiusuagh ek>a eu vkf.k MksGs Hk:u tkr- izR;sd

eqyhyk vkiY;k ofMykacíy vlap izse okVr vlra vkf.k izR;sdhyk vkiys oMhy

;k txkrY;k brj ofMykais{kk osxGsp okVr vlrkr- - - ehgh R;kyk viokn uOgrs-

ygkui.kkiklwu ek>s [kwi [kwi ykM dj.kkjs iIik - - - R;kauh vk.kysY;k

ÝkWde/;s eh d'kh fnlrs gs eksBîkk dkSrqdkua ikgk;ps- [kwi diMs vk.k.;kph R;kauk

gkSl- i.k rs uqlrs gkrkr Bsok;ps ukghr & ,dsd diMk myxMwu nk[ko.kkj- ex eyk

?kkywu ikg.kkj- R;kaP;k gkSlsyk eksyp ukgh! v'kk ;k ekÖ;k ofMykauh & iq.;krY;k

vkeP;k ?kjkiklwu ngk fefuVkaP;k varjkoj jkg.kkÚ;k eqykyk & rks teZuhr f'kdk;yk

xsyk vlY;kua & teZuhyk tkÅu R;kP;kcjkscj nksu fnol jkgwu R;kP;k lo;h]

okx.;kph i/nr vktekowu tkobZ Eg.kwu ilar dsya vkf.k vkrk [kjapp yXu gks.kkj--

- eqyxh nwj tk.kkj ;k fopkjkua MksGîkkar ;s.kkjs vJw iz;klkua iqlwu Vkdwu lkeqnkf;d

fookg lksgGîkkr ek>a oSHko'kh yXu ykowu fnya- tkobZ Eg.kwu oSHko R;kauk ,dnep

ilar iMyk gksrk & vkoMyk gksrk- R;kua vkf.k pksjfM;k dqVqackua lkeqnkf;d fookg

lksgGîkkr vkepa yXu ykok;yk dks.krhgh gjdr ?ksryh ukgh] gk R;kaP;k eukpk

eksBsi.kk - - - R;kaph gh lkekftd tk.kho iIikauk Qkj Hkkoyh- vkiyh eqyxh ;k ?kjkr

lq[kkua ukansy ;kpk fo'okl okVyk- lkeqnkf;d fookg lksgGîkkP;k iz.ksR;kP;k eqyhpa

yXu vlap Ogk;yk goa gksra-

eyk vkBor gksrh rh iIikaph lkeqnkf;d fookg lksgGîkkph Økafrdkjh

pGoG- xkokxkokr vkf.k yksdkaP;k eukr #to.;klkBh R;kauh dsysyh in;k=k]

R;kr dsysyh Hkk"k.ka - - - iIikauh ?ksrysys vrksukr d"V! v{kj'k% rs >ikVwu xsys gksrs-

R;kaph in;k=k lq: gksrh- eh vkf.k lehj R;kosGh vkbZtoG iq.;kr

vlk;pks- i.k 'kfuokj&jfookj 'kkGsyk lqV~Vh vlyh dh] rs T;k xkokr vlrhy

frFks d/kh ,dnk tkÅu R;kauk HksVrks; vla Ogk;pa- R;kapa Hkk"k.k pkyw vlya dh eh

xkodÚ;kae/;s clwu R;kaP;k izfrfØ;kadMs y{k Bsok;ph- vkf.k jk=h iIik HksVys dh

R;kauk lkaxk;ph] ^iIik] rqepk veqd ,d eqík R;kauk Qkj vkoMysyk eyk fnlyk-

rj veqd eqík rqEgh m|kP;k Hkk"k.kkr vlk - - -vlk lkaxk* R;kosGh R;kaP;k MksGîkakr

201

eyk dkSrqd fnlk;pa- i.k rs dkSrqd ygkuxh lksukyh uO;k ÝkWde/;s d'kh fnlrs

;kis{kk Qkjp osxGa vlk;pa-

lkljP;k eaMGhauk eku nsÅu R;kaP;kdMP;k fjrhHkkrh lkaHkkGwup jkfgya

ikfgts gk ea= R;kauh eyk fnyk- vkbZua dsysY;k laLdkjkaeqGs vkf.k iIikaP;k ;k ea=keqGs

oSHkocjkscjpk ek>k lq[kkpk lalkj pkyw vkgs vkf.k eyk ,d 'kadk ¼xksM½ ;srs;] - - -

ekÖ;k nksu eqykaoj iIikapa tso<a izse vkgs] rso<kp oSHkogh R;kauk fiz; vkgs vkf.k

vkrk ;k lxGîkkaP;kuarj ek>k uacj vkgs dh dk; - - -\

[kksVa cksy.ka] jktdkj.k dj.ka] nqlÚ;kyk Qlo.ka v'kk xks"Vhapk eukiklwu

frVdkjk vl.kkjs iIik ,dnk tsOgk xaHkhj vktkjh >kys] rsOgk 'kkari.ks R;k nq[k.;kyk

rs lkeksjs xsys- R;kaP;k i/nrhua vkf.k MkWDVjkaP;k lYY;kuqlkj R;kauh R;krwu ekxZ

dk<yk vkf.k iw.kZi.ks cjsgh >kys - - - i.k rsOgk R;kauk vkeP;kcíy dk; okVra gs rj

letyap i.k R;kgwugh vkEgkyk rs vkeP;klkBh dks.k vkgsr] - - - gs Qkj izd"kkZua

tk.koya-

eEehus dsysys laLdkj vkf.k iIikaph gh v'kh f'kdo.k ekÖ;k lq[kh lalkjkps

jgL; vkgs] vla eyk okVra- yXukuarj eh d/kh ekgsjh vkys dh iIik fopkjk;ps] ^?kjh

lkaxwu vkyh vkgsl uk\ Qkj osG bFks Fkkacw udksl & osGsr ?kjh tk- rs ?kj vkrk

rqÖ;klkBh egÙokpa vkgs- R;k lxGîkkapk eku Bso-* ,dnk vla >kya lehjpa vkf.k

ekÖ;k u.kanspa yXu v'kh nksu yXua 15 fnolkaP;k varjkua gks.kkj gksrh- ek>k tho

lehjP;k yXukr vki.k vla d: & rla d: Eg.kwu vMdyk gksrk- i.k iIikauh

ctkoya] vk/kh rqÖ;kdMP;k yXukph dkea dj- rs >kY;koj exp bdMs ;s- ehgh

R;kaP;k lkax.;kizek.ksp okxys-

vkbZ&oMhy vkiY;k eqykalkBh & iq<P;k fi<hlkBh iSlk & /kulaiRrh

dekowu Bsorkr- rs ;ksX; vkgs- ijarq eyk okVra iIikauh vkeP;k iq<P;k fdR;sd

fi<ÓkkalkBh dekowu Bsoya; rs iq.;] rs uko d/khgh u lai.kkja vkgs! R;kauh dsysya

lkekftd dk;Z Eg.kts vkEgk eqykalkBh ,d dop vkgs- R;keqGs iq<hy vk;q";kr

vkEgkyk nq%[k Li'kZgh d: 'kd.kkj ukgh & rs dop dks.kkykgh Hksnwu Vkdrk ;s.kkj

ukgh!

202

eEeh&iIikapa uojkck;dkspa ukragh brda ifo=] lqanj vkgs dh vla

vkrkP;k dkGkr Qkjla vk<G.kkj ukgh- nks?ka ,desdkaf'kok; tso.kkj ukghr]

,desdkalkBh Fkkacrhyp- tsorkuk eEehua ,dnkgh mBysya R;kauk pkyr ukgh-

glr&[ksGr xIik ekjr tso.ka gksrkr- R;k tso.kkr ex vxnh pV.kh&Hkkdjh vlyh

rjh R;kyk iDokUukph xksMh ;srs- vxnhp tj ckgsjxkoh xsys rj tsok;P;k osGh

eEehyk Qksu djrhy] frP;k tso.kkph pkSd'kh djrhy] brjgh xks"VhalkBh

pkj&pkjnk Qksu djrkr- eEehoj R;kapa brda vijaikj izse vkgs dh] rs 'kCnakr o.kZu

djrkp ;sr ukgh- frP;k ekgsjP;k ek.klkaph rs vkiqydhua pkSd'kh djrkr- ekÖ;k

ekeka'kh R;kapa fe=Rokpa ukra vkgs- eEehoj dlyhgh ca/kua R;kauh ?kkryh ukghr-

frP;klkBh dk; okV~Vsy rs djk;yk R;kaph r;kjh vlrs- eEeh&iIikapa irhiRuhpa

ukra Eg.kts ,d vkn'kZ ukra vkgs-

iq<pk tUe oxSjs vlsyp rj eyk ;k vkf.k ;kp vkbZofMykaph eqyxh

Ogk;pa vkgs- - - ;kis{kk osxGa fdrh vkf.k dk; lkaxw\- - -

'kkGsyk lqV~Vh ykxyh dh] iIik vkEgkyk Hkkjrkr&ijns'kkr fQjk;yk

?ksÅu tkr- vla vkEgh [kwi fQjyks- 'kkGk pkyw vlrkuk ek= mxkpp 'kkGk

cqMoysyh R;kauk vkoMr uls- rlk R;kapk /kkd okVk;pk- i.k R;kauh ekÖ;koj gsp

dsya ikfgts] rsp dsya ikfgts v'kh tcjnLrh d/kh dsyh ukgh- 1995 e/;s rs

vesfjdsyk xsys vlrkuk R;kauh eyk ifgyk yWiVkWi vk.kyk- R;kosGh eh ngkohph

ijh{kk fnyh gksrh- R;kauh eyk dEI;qVjP;k osxosxGîkk dkslsZluk ?kkrya- eyk

dEI;qVjpa osMp ykxya gksra- nksu o"kkZapk ,d dkslZ rj eh 8&9 efgU;krp iw.kZ dsyk-

rs iwohZ cka/kdke O;olk; djhr gksrs] rksp O;olk; eh iq<s pkyw Bsokok v'kh R;kauh

ekÖ;kdMwu vis{kk u Bsork dkWelZ 'kk[ksr f'kdk;P;k ekÖ;k bPNsuqlkj eh

flEckW;fll dkWyste/;s izos'k ?ksryk- izos'kklkBh Mksus'ku ns.ks oxSjs eyk vkoMr

uOgrs-

Jh- lehj eqFFkk

203

eh dkWyste/;s vlrkuk iIik ekÖ;k fe=eaMGhacíy vkotZwu fopkjr - -

ek>s fe= dks.k vkgsr] Eg.kts R;kaP;k n`"Vhus laxr egÙokph gksrh- R;kauh eyk eh

dkWystP;k ifgY;k nqlÚ;k o"kkZr vlrkukp osxosxGîkk dkWUQjUlsluk ikBok;yk

lq#okr dsyh- R;kosGh eyk frFks dk; pkyya; gs dkghp dGr uls- i.k ekÖ;k

udGr eh frFks ?kMr xsyks gs vkt y{kkr ;sra;-

eh dkWyste/;s frlÚ;k o"kkZr f'kdr vlrkuk dWuMkP;k ,dk vk;- Vh-

daiuh eWustjyk fnYyhe/;s HksVyks- iIikauh R;k daiuhr eyk ikVZujf'ki feGowu

fnyh- R;kuarj ek= dkekpa 'kaHkj VDds Lokra«; eyk fnya- R;k daiuhcjkscj eh ikp

o"k± dke dsya- rs dke pkyw vlrkukp cka/kdkekrgh y{k ?kkyw ykxyks- eyk okVra

ekÖ;k jDrkrp dULVªD'ku] fjvy bLVsV - - - vkgs] R;keqGs vk;-Vh-P;k dkekr ek>a

eu Qkjla jeya ukgh- rs eh lksMwu fnya-

iq<s cka/kdkekrp iw.kZi.ks y{k ?kkrya- fnolkrys 8&9 rkl izR;{k lkbZVoj

dke djk;pa vkf.k ?kjh vkY;koj usVoj! ekÖ;kleksj iIikapk vkn'kZ vlY;kus

R;kaP;klkj[ka pkaxY;krya pkaxya dke dla djrk ;sbZy vlk fopkj ekÖ;k MksD;kr

lrr pkyw vls- iIikauh ek= ekÖ;k dkekr d/khgh <oGk<oG dsyh ukgh- dqBY;kgh

fo"k;koj ppkZ dj.;kph R;kaph r;kjh vls- R;krwu dkgh pkaxya fu"iUu gksr vls-

R;kpk eyk mi;ksx gksbZ- iIik lrr lkaxk;ps] ^^ts dkgh dj'khy rs pkaxyap dj

vkf.k rs osxGagh vlk;yk goa- LekVZ odZ vlkoa] MkWUdh ukgh! iq<s ekÖ;k lxGîkk

izkstsDVl~e/;s R;kauh eyk Lokra«; fnya i.k ^ykxsy frFks ek>h enrgh ?ks* vlagh

lkafxrya- dke djrkuk pqdk gksrkr i.k R;krwu f'kdk;yk feGra] vla R;kapa Eg.k.ka

gksra- eyk ;k lxGîkkpk iq<s izR;; ;sr xsyk-

iIik Lokoyach jkg.ka ilar djrkr- Lor%pa dke rs Lor% djrkr- lxGîkk

dkekaph lo; vlk;yk goh gs R;kapa rÙo rs Lor% vkpj.kkrwu ikGrkr- QDr ekÖ;k

O;olk;krp uOgs rj ekÖ;k laiw.kZ thoukr R;kapk vkn'kZ ekÖ;kleksj vkgs- vls

oMhy ykHk.ka gs eh ek>a eksBa HkkX; letrks-

204

lkS- usgk lehj eqFFkk

ek>a xko tkyuk- frFkY;k 'kkGsr f'kdr vlrkuk ngkohe/;s njo"khZ pkaxys

xq.k feGkysY;k fo|kF;k±pa dkSrqd ,dk Fkksj O;DrhP;k gLrs gksr vls- R;kizek.ks

R;ko"khZ eyk Jh- 'kkafrykyth eqFFkk ;kaP;k gLrs lfVZfQdsV feGkya- R;kosGh eyk

R;kapa izFke n'kZu >kya- i.k R;kosGh eyk fdaok vkeP;k ?kjP;k dks.kkykgh 'kadklq/nk

vkyh ukgh dh gsp gkr iq<s ekÖ;koj vk'khokZnkpk o"kkZo dj.kkj vkgsr- iq<s ;ksx

vkyk rsOgk iIikauh ekÖ;k'kh osxosxGîkk fo"k;kaoj cksywu ekÖ;k eukryh Hkhrh nwj

dsyh- tkyU;kgwu iq.;klkj[;k 'kgjkr ;s.ka] iIikalkj[;k egku O;Drhph lwu gks.ka

;k lxGîkkph eyk Qkj Hkhrh okVr gksrh- i.k iIikth] eEehth] lksukyh] lehj

lxGîkkauh vfr'k; vkiqydhP;k okx.kqdhrwu ekÖ;koj [kwi izse dsya- gs ?kj] ;k

?kjkryh lxGhp ek.kla Qkj Qkj pkaxyh vxnh fo'okl clw u;s brdh pkaxyh vkgsr

dh eyk ekÖ;k vkbZofMykaph] cgh.kHkkokph vkBo.kgh ;sr ukgh!

vkti;±r dqByhgh xks"V eyk ekxkohp ykxyh ukgh- rh R;k vk/khp

ekÖ;kleksj gtj vlrs- eEehthapa lxGîkk xks"Vhrya fu;kstu] euke/kyk LoPN

ljyHkko] izse brda Nku vkgs dh eyk R;kaP;kcíy vknj rj okVrksp] i.k ;k brda

lxGa dla d: 'kdrkr ;kpa uoygh okVra-

iIikapa ukroaMkaoj & vkeP;k uhy o 'kkS;Z ;k eqykaoj Lor%P;k ftokis{kkgh

vf/kd izse vkgs- rs R;k nks?kkaP;k [ksGkcíy] vH;klkcíy vxnh ckjdkbZus pkSd'kh

djrkr- R;kaps fj>YVl ikgrkr- ,[kk|k fo"k;kr deh ekDlZ fnlys rj v'kh v'kh

r;kjh d:u ?ksrk ;sbZy vla lqporkr vkf.k iq<P;k fj>YVe/;s ;k fo"k;kr izxrh

>kyh vkgs dh ukgh gs y{kkr Bsowu c?krkr- ;k lxGîkkacíy eyk vknj okVrks] isze

okVra- i.k izR;sd xks"V cksywu nk[kork ;sr ukgh- Eg.kwu iIikacíyP;k ekÖ;k Hkkouk

eh ,dk NksVîkk'kk dforsrwu O;Dr dsY;k vkgsr-

205

ikikth vkids xq.kxku dks

ns ugha ldrs fojkeA

fd;k ugha vkius thou esa

dHkh vkjkeA

?kj ds laLdkjksa dh gS

vkids gkFk esa yxkeA

nku iq.; lsok

vkius dh csukeA

?kj esa lgt gh crkrs gSa

uhrh] ewY; dk ekuA

vkids ifjokjdks ns[kdj

yksx ysrs gSa [kq'khls vkidk ukeA

ikikth ds fy, eSa

brukgh dg¡wxhA

;s oks lwjt gS

ftlds ihNs ihNs vkdk'k pysxkA

;s oks nhid gS

ftlds ihNs ihNs izdk'k pysxkA

thu jkgksaij Hkh ikikth vki py iMsaxs

mu jkgksaij vkids ihNs ihNs bfrgkl pysxkA

206

Mksaxjfd.kh izdYi %

'kkafrykythauh 'kS{kf.kd o lkekftd dk;kZcjkscj brjgh dkgh egÙokP;k

izdYikae/;s vkiyk Blk meVoyk- R;kauk ekukps dkgh iqjLdkjgh feGkys- ;k

izdYikaps dke dj.;kekxph R;kaph Hkwfedk R;kauh foLrkjkus dFku dsyh-

Mksaxjfd.kh gs 'kkafrykythapa tUexko- R;kosGh ekxklysya i.k vkrk ek=

laiw.kZ izxr >kysya- gh izxr voLFkk 'kkafrykythaP;k iq<kdkjkrwu >kysyh- vkrk

brD;k O;Lrrsrwu R;kapa Mksaxjfd.khyk d/kh o d'kklkBh tk.ka gksra\ ;k ekÖ;k

iz'ukyk R;kauh mRrj fnya dh] ^^eh iwohZ Mksaxjfd.khyk o"kkZrwu ,dnk iw.kZ ifjokjklg

vkeP;k xzkensorkP;k&nsohP;k&n'kZuklkBh tkr gksrks- uarj uarj R;ke/;s FkksMklk

[kaM iMyk- xkokiklwu ,d fd-eh- varjkoj ,d [kwi eksBk Mksaxj vkgs o R;koj nsohpa

o Hkokuhekrspa ,d eafnj vkgs- rsFks tk.;klkBh jLrk fdaok ik;okVlq)k uOgrh-

R;keqGs rks Mksaxj p<.ka Eg.kts dkS'kY;kpa dke- ehgh v'kkp i)rhus rks Mksaxj p<wu

nsohpa n'kZu ?;k;pks- e/;arjh 2002 P;k vklikl eh chMo:u vgenuxj ;sFks

ck;jksM ;sr gksrks- jLR;kr Mksaxjfd.kh ykxra Eg.kwu n'kZuklkBh Fkkacyks o ik;h oj

p<wu nsohP;k n'kZuklkBh fu?kkyks- ygkui.kkiklwu gk Mksaxj p<.;kph eyk lo;

gksrh- ijarq ;kosGh ek= Mksaxj p<rkuk ek>k jLrk pqdw ykxyk- eh lkj[kk xksyxksy

fQ: ykxyks- dkj.k ekÖ;k y{kkr ;sbZuk- cjkp osG v'kk i)rhus xsY;kuarj 'ksoVh

eh oj iksgpw 'kdyks- ijarq R;klkBh eyk [kwip ifjJe djkos ykxys- R;k fno'kh eh

fu'p; dsyk dh eh bFks jLrk dj.kkj-

R;klkBh xzkeiapk;rhleksj fo"k; ekaMyk- R;kauh laerh fnyh o eh dkWUVªWDVj

usewu iw.kZi.ks [kkyiklwu oji;±r xkMh tkÅ 'kdsy v'kk i/nrhus pkaxyk iDdk

nxMkpk jLrk cuoyk- R;kosGh xkodÚ;kauh ek>k ,d lRdkj dsyk gksrk- laiw.kZ

28 : {d{dY àH$ën d nwañH$ma

207

xkokrys yksd ,d= vkys gksrs- lok±uk jLrk >kY;keqGs nsohn'kZukpa dke lksia >kya

gksra- eykgh vkarfjd lek/kku okVya o vla okVya dh rks jLrk ekÖ;k gkrwu Ogk;yk

ikfgts Eg.kwup R;kfno'kh eyk xjxj fQjfoya vlkoa- T;k fno'kh lRdkj >kyk R;k

fno'kh eh ;k xkokr ,d dkWyst mHkkj.;kpk fu/kkZj O;Dr dsyk- R;k n`"Vhua

xkodÚ;kauh feGwu Jh- xqykcjko dksYgs o Jh- ukenso jkÅr ;kaph tkxk dkWystlkBh

|k;yk lgerh n'kZfoyh- eh R;k tkxsoj dkWystph bekjr o ,d olfrx`gkph bekjr

v'kk nksu bekjrh cka/k.;kpa Bjfoya- R;kizek.ks IyWu r;kj dsys o vgenuxj

chts,lps dk;ZdrsZ Jh- v#.k nqxM o Jh- 'kf'kdkar equksr ;kauk lkaxwu ukeoar

dkWUVªWDVj Jh- tokgj eqFFkk ;kauk cka/kdkekpa dkWUVªWDV fnya-**

Jh- 'kf'kdkar equksr gs 'kkafrykythauh egkjk"Vª tSu la?kVuk LFkkiu dsyh

rsOgkiklwups R;kaps lkFkhnkj gksrs- vgenuxjps rs ukoktysys lektdk;ZdrsZ! i.k [kwi

dke d:ugh R;kauk dkekpa ^lek/kku* feGr uls vkf.k R;kpa dkj.kgh R;kauk letya

gksra dh] [kwi dkekaeqGs & osGh vosGh djkO;k ykx.kkÚ;k dkekaeqGs R;kauk dkekpa

uhV fu;kstu djrk ;sr uls- R;keqGs rs dke O;ofLFkr gks.;k,soth foLdGhr gksr

vls- v'kk osGh R;kaph 'kkafrykytha'kh HksV >kyh- lkewfgd fookgkP;k

vk;kstuklkBh 'kkafrykyth vgenuxjyk vkys gksrs- R;kosGh 'kkafrykythaph dke

dj.;kph i)r] R;kapa fu;kstu] izR;sd ckjhdlkjhd xks"VhdMs vlysya R;kapa y{k

;k xq.kkaeqGs Jh- equksr R;kaP;kdMs vkdf"kZr >kys vkf.k izpaM Fkdysys vlwugh jk=h

ckjk oktrkP;k lHksr vR;ar mRlkgkus cksy.kkÚ;k 'kkafrykythadMs ikgwu] R;kaps

fopkj ,sdwu vpafcrgh >kys- ;kpk ifj.kke Eg.kts rs egkjk"Vª tSu la?kVusr lkehy

>kys vkf.k lkewfgd fookg pGoGhrgh!

;keqGs equksr ;kauk 'kkafrykythaP;k lgoklkpk ykHk gksÅ ykxyk vkf.k

R;kaP;krY;k fo'ks"k xq.kkaph vksG[k gksÅ ykxyh- 'kkafrykythapa

O;fDreÙo] lxGa vlwugh vlysY;k

R;kaP;k LoHkkoxq.kkeqGs equksr ;kauk 'kkafrykyth ^nsop* vkgsr vla okVra- egkjk"Vª

tSu la?kVuk ghp iq<s Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk Eg.kwu foLrkj ikoyh- frpa 'kkafrykythaP;k

nwjn`"Vhrwu pkyysya dk;Z ikgwu equksr ;kauk okVra dh txkr chts,l gh ,deso ,u-

young

dynamic, confident down to earth

208

th-vks- vlkoh- brdh lqO;ofLFkr] lqfu;ksftr] vkiY;k dk;kZrwu lektkrhy izR;sd

?kVdki;±r iksgksp.kkjh! dkj.k frpk mn~xkrk vR;ar mRlkgh] vkuanh] dqVqackyk osG

nsÅu lektdk;kZykgh osG ns.kkjk] ukoklkBh dke u dj.kkjk] jktdkj.kk'kh laca/k u

Bso.kkjk] lxGîkkaP;kr feGwu felGwu jkg.kkjk] LoPNrspk vkxzgh] 'kkarrkfiz;] - - -

fdrh xq.k lkaxkosr rjh dehp Bjkosr vlk vR;ar lk/kk] 'kq) eukpk vkgs]

ljykHkkHkhalkBh rks izrhijes'oj vkgs-

Mksaxjfd.kh Eg.kts R;kapa tUexko- lqekjs pkj gtkj oLrhpa- MksaxjkG]

nq"dkGh Hkkx- R;keqGs xkodÚ;kauk mithfodslkBh fuf'pr vlk dke/kank ukgh-

ÅlrksM.khlkBh lgk efgus nqlÚ;k xkoh tk;pa ,o<kp i;kZ;- 'kkafrykythaP;k eukr

xkokpk fodkl djk;pk fopkj u vkyk rjp uoy! R;kauh xkoklkBh dksVhP;k ?kjkr

[kpZ dsyk- i.k iSls [kpZ dsys gs egÙokpa ukgh rj xkodÚ;kauk] fo'ks"kr% r#.k fi<hyk

& th HkVdr vkf.k izlaxh HkjdVrgh xsyh gksrh fryk & R;kauh m|ksx feGowu fnyk-

;ksX; dkekr xaqrowu Vkdya] Lor%P;k ik;koj mHka dsya] vkRefo'okl feGowu fnyk

gs egÙokpa Bjya- ,d xko iqUgk uO;kua oloya- QDr xkokiqjrkp gk fodkl e;kZfnr

u Bsork vktwcktwP;k xkokrY;k eqykaph ekfgrh ?ksryh] R;kaph pkSd'kh dsyh]

R;kaP;kgh xjtk tk.kwu ?ksrY;k vkf.k ;k lok±lkBh eksckbZy 'kkWih] IyafEcax]

vkWQhlckW;] Mªk;Ogj] ysFk e'khu pkyo.ka v'kkalkj[ka izf'k{k.k nsÅu Lor%ps

O;olk; lq: d:u fnys- nk: fi.ka] ekjkekjh dj.ka ;krwu lqVdk d:u R;kaP;koj

pkaxys laLdkj dj.kkÚ;k 'kkafrykythauk ^nso* gsp lacks/ku |koa ykxsy-

Mksaxjfd.khe/;s dsysY;k dkekph ekfgrh lkaxrkuk 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys]

^^lq#okrhyk BjY;kizek.ka dkWystpa cka/kdke iw.kZ gksr vkya] rsFks dkWyst lq:

dj.;kP;kiwohZ eh Lor%P;k euk'kh fopkj dsyk dh] vkiY;k egkjk"Vªke/;s

dkWystsl~ph la[;k Hkjiwj vkgs o inoh/kj eqykauk uksdÚ;k yodj feGr ukghr-

25&30 o"kk±iwohZ Jh- uoyeyth fQjksfn;k ;kauh lq)k ok?kksyhyk dkWyst

dk<.;kP;k ,soth VsfDudy dkslsZl lq: djkosr] ts.ksd:u o"kkZ&nksu o"kk±Zr eqykauk

uksdÚ;k feGw 'kdrkr vla lqpfoya gksra- R;keqGs eh R;k fBdk.kh dkWyst lq:

dj.;kpk fu.kZ; jí dsyk o osxosxGîkk izdkjps Ogksds'kuy o VsfDudy dkslsZl lq:

209

dj.;klkBh ijokuxh ?ksryh o R;k fBdk.kh eh ekÖ;k vkbZofMykaP;k ukokus ^Jherh

lDdjckbZ xqykcpan eqFFkk rkaf=d izf'k{k.k dsanz* gh laLFkk R;k xkokr lq: dsyh- ;k

fBdk.kh eqykauk izos'k nsÅu dkslZ laiY;koj R;kauk uksdÚ;k feGowu ns.;klkBh

iz;Rugh lq: dsys- xsyh 7&8 o"k± gs izkstsDV pkyw vkgsr- ;krwu vusd eqykauk R;kpk

Qk;nkgh >kysyk vkgs- ;ke/;s vkysY;k vuqHkokuqlkj osxosxGs dkslsZl cnywu gk

izkstsDV vk.k[kh tkLr pkaxyk mi;qDr dj.;kpk ek>k fopkj vkgs-

tsOgk eh ewY;o/kZu dk;ZØe lq: dsyk rsOgk ewY;o/kZupa eq[; dk;kZy;

Mkasxjfd.kh ;sFksp Bsoya- Eg.kts T;k xkokr ek>k tUe >kyk R;kp xkokr ek>k

'ksoVpk lxGîkkr eksBk izdYi lq: >kyk o R;k xkokrp uOgs rj R;k iw.kZ rkyqD;kr

iq<P;k fi<hyk pkaxya oG.k yko.;klkBh o laLd`rhpa tru dj.;klkBh eh

iz;Ru'khy vkgs- ;kpk eyk vkuan vkgs- ;k fufeRrkua eyk vla lkaxkoala okVra dh

T;k ;'kLoh O;Drh vkiY;k ygku xkokiklwu eksBeksBîkk 'kgjkr] ns'kkr] fons'kkr

tkÅu [kwi izxrh djrkr rh izxrh R;kauh vo'; djkoh- ijarq vkiY;k xkoklkBh

dkgh uk dkgh ,[kknk mi;qDr izkstsDV mHkk djkok- Eg.kts vkiyk R;k xkok'kh

lkrR;kua laidZ jkghy o ukG tksMysyh jkghy- R;k fBdk.kh jkg.kkjs yksd gs eh

xsY;kuarj vfr'k; vkiqydhua izsekua] dkSrqdkua o vk'p;kZua vkiY;kdMs c?kr

vlrkr- vkiY;k xkokrY;k iksjkua fdrh izxrh dsyh vkgs] ;kpk vkuan R;kaP;k

psgÚ;ko:u vkslaMwu okgr vlrks- R;keqGs vkiY;kyk feG.kkjs vk'khokZn o lek/kku

;kpa eksy d'kkrp djrk ;sr ukgh-** vkiY;k tUexkoP;k ;k izdYikcíy

'kkafrykythauk Qkj lek/kku ykHkya gs R;kaP;k cksy.;krwu tk.kor gksra-

Mkasxjfd.kh ;k tUexkoh rlsp tsFks R;kapa 'kkys; f'k{k.k >kya R;k dMk] rk-

vk"Vh] ft- chM ;k iw.kZ rkyqD;kr ewY;o/kZu dk;ZØe jkcowu rsFksgh 'kkafrykythauh

R;kaP;k dk;kZpk Blk meVoyk vkgs- i.k rqeph deZHkweh vkgs v'kk iq.;ke/;s fdaok

T;k ifjljkr vki.k jkgrk R;k ifjljklkBh vki.k dkgh dk;ZØe dsyk vkgs dk]

vlk iz'u fopkjY;koj 'kkafrykyth Eg.kkys] ^^ek>a lkekftd dke eh iq.;kiklwup

o/kZeku izfr"Bku & LFkkud %

210

lq: dsya vkgs- iq.ks ;sFksp ek>a eq[; dk;kZy; vkgs o iq.;krwup gs dke ns'kHkj

iljr vkgs- R;keqGs eh iq.ks gh deZHkweh ekurks- iq.;ke/;s LFkk;h izdYi Eg.kwu eh

nksu xks"Vh mH;k dsY;k vkgsr- ok?kksyh ;sFks HkO; 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYi T;kr

f'k{k.kkps dk;Z 1997 lkykiklwu eksBîkk izek.kkoj lq: vkgs- rlap 1993

lkykiklwu lar rqdkjkeuxj] fiaijh ;sFks izkFkfed] ek/;fed o mPp ek/;fed 'kkGk

gh vfr'k; pkaxY;k i)rhus chts,lrQsZ pkyfo.;kr ;sr vkgs-

ok?kksyh vkf.k fiaijh ;k nksu izdYikauarj iq.;ke/;s T;k fBdk.kh ek>a

dk;kZy; o ?kj vkgs R;k f'kokthuxj Hkkxke/;s tSu lektkpa ,d LFkkud Ogkoa] v'kh

xsY;k 25 o"kk±iklwu vusdkauh bPNk O;Dr dsyh gksrh- R;koj eksBeksBîkk cSBdkgh gksr

gksR;k- ijarq izR;{kkr gs LFkkud gks.ka [kwi vo?kM gksr gksra- tSu lekt eksBîkk

izek.kkoj ok<r gksrk- cjspls ckgsjps yksd ;k Hkkxkr LFkkf;d gksr gksrs- ijarq /keZ

vkjk/kuk dj.;klkBh fdaok lkekftd dk;Z dj.;klkBh LFkkud uOgra- xsY;k

25&30 o"kk±ryh gh deh Hk:u dk<.;klkBh vkEgh 7&8 fe=kauh iq<kdkj ?ksryk o

dkekyk ykxyks- Jh- foykl jkBksM] Hkjr nslMkZ] fj[kc'ksB HkaMkjh] fot;dkar

nq/ksfM;k] /kuat; uoy[kk] Hkojyky dkadfj;k] fot; equksr] dqanu nMkZ ;k loZ

fe=kauh feGwu ^o/kZeku izfr"Bku VªLV* LFkkiu dsyk-

vkEgh /kksj.kkRed vlk fu.kZ; ?ksryk dh VªLVyk ykx.kkjh tkxk gh ;k ngk

yksdkauh Lor%P;k o toGP;k fe=kaP;k iS'kkus fodr ?;koh- iSls deh iMys rj

brjkaP;kdMwu ?;kosr- ijarq ngk yksdkauh vk/kh fu/kh mHkk dsyk- ;k o/kZeku izfr"Bkupk

v/;{k Eg.kwu lok±uh ek>h fuoM dsyh- okLrfod ikgrk chts,l lksMwu nqlÚ;k

dqBY;kgh VªLVpk v/;{k] fo'oLr dkghgh gks.kkj ukgh gs eh Bjoysya vkgs- ijarq

viokn Eg.kwu loZ yksdkaP;k vkxzgk[kkrj eh ;k VªLVpa v/;{kin Lohdkjya- lok±uh

iz;Ru d:u lsukirh ckiV jksMyk jRuk gkWfLiVyP;k leksj ,d ,djP;k vkliklph

eksdGh tehu [kjsnh dj.;kpk fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

eh tkxk ikfgyh] tkxk ekydkacjkscj ppkZ dsyh- R;kauh gk IykWV ns.;kph

r;kjh n'kZfoyh- fdaer uDdh dsyh o djkj dj.;kr vkyk- eh loZ VªLVhauk v'kh

fouarh dsyh dh vki.k lok±P;k lgHkkxkrwu gh tkxk fodr ?ksr vkgksr- ijarq

211

LFkkudkpa cka/kdke iw.kZ gksbZi;±r ;kpk dqBsgh l/;k xktkoktk d: udk fdaok fopkj

foe'kZ d: udk- dkj.k gs loZ dke dj.ka [kwi vo?kM vkgs o [kwi eksBa vkgs- vk/kh

vki.k tkxk fodr ?ksÅ-

R;k i)rhus vkEgh lokZauh feGwu iSls Hkjys- tkxk fodr ?ksryh] [kjsnh[kr

dsya- ,dk mRre vkfdZVsDVdMwu udk'ks r;kj d:u ?ksrys- iq.ks egkuxjikfydsdMwu

lnj udk'ks eatwj d:u ?ksrys- ;klkBh Jh panzdkarth NktsM] vHk; NktsM] Hkjr

nslMkZ o foykl jkBksM ;kauh [kwi ifjJe ?ksrys-

IyWu eatwj >kY;kuarj cka/kdke dj.;klanHkkZr VªLVph cSBd >kyh vlrk

eh vls fopkj ekaMys dh gs LFkkud brj LFkkudkaizek.ks loZlk/kkj.k ijaijkxr i)rhpa

ulkoa- rj rs vk/kqfud dkGkizek.ks o iq.;kP;k ijaijsyk 'kksHksy vla cka/k.;kr ;kos-

vxnh QkbZOg LVkj LFkkud Eg.kwu ;kph vksG[k >kyh ikfgts- mRre izdkjpk ekcZy

ykowu] QkWyflfyax d:u] dkWEI;qVj] izkstsDVj bR;knh loZ xks"Vh mRre izdkjs okijrk

;srhy v'kh O;oLFkk d:u gs Hkkjrkrya lok±r pkaxya LFkkud cka/k.;kpk fopkj eh

VªLV cksMkZiq<s ekaMyk-

VªLVhauk vk'p;Z okVya dh ;k loZ xks"Vh djk;P;k EgVY;k rj iSlk ykxsy-

yksdkaP;kdMwu iSlk feGsy- ijarq rks v'kk izdkjs [kpZ dsyk rj yksd dk; Eg.krhy

vlkgh fopkj lq: >kyk- eh R;kp osGh Bjoysya gksra dh tehu tj laiw.kZ lektkus

feGwu ?ksrysyh vkgs rj ;kojph bekjr gh eh Lor% ekÖ;k [kpkZus cka/kwu ns.kkj! dkj.k

T;k lektke/;s vki.k jkgrks] T;k fBdk.kh vki.k jkgrks frFks v'kkizdkjph okLrw

mHkh d:u fi<Ókku~ fi<Ókk R;kpk okij /kkÆed vFkok lkekftd dk;kZlkBh d:u ,d

vtjkej dke mHka dj.;kph la/kh eyk feGr vlsy rj rh eh ?;k;yk goh] vla

eyk okVr gksra- R;k i)rhus eh ?kjkrY;k loZ lnL;ka'kh ;koj ppkZ dsyh- gs LFkkud

iw.kZi.ks eyk tla ikfgts R;k i)rhus cka/kwu ?ks.;ke/;s eyk yksdkauh lgdk;Z dsya o

ljrs'ksoVh gk iw.kZ izdYi cka/kwu QfuZpjlg r;kj >kY;koj eh lektkdMs lqiwnZ dsyk-

eyk vfr'k; vkuan vkgs dh eh ;kgh dkeklkBh ek>k gkrHkkj ykoyk-

ijarq T;k i)rhus cka/kdke dj.;kr vkya gksra] R;k i)rhus R;kpk okijlq)k

vk/kqfud i/nrhua dsyk tkok vla eyk okVr gksra- Eg.kwu tsOgk LFkkudke/;s pkj

212

efgus lk/kqlar ;srkr o pkrqekZl djrkr R;kosGh LFkkudke/;s lektkps yksd

lk/kqlarkaps Fkksj fopkj ,sd.;klkBh ,d= ;sr vlrkr- vla laiw.kZ HkkjrHkj gs pØ

pkyw vlra- tSu lektke/;s 13000 lk/kq&lk/oh vkgsr- HkkjrHkj ik;h fQ:u

dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k LFkkudkr vFkok eafnjkr ;kapk pkj efgus pkrqekZl vlrks- gs loZ

pkrqekZl vkrki;±r ijaijkxr i/nrhus gksr gksrs- R;keqGs ;k fBdk.kh R;kaps fopkj

,sd.;klkBh ,dk fof'k"V o;ksxVkuarjps yksd gs tkLr ;sr vlr- [kkl d:u ygku

eqya&eqyh] ;qod&;qorh] O;kolkf;d yksd ;kaph mifLFkrh v'kk /kkfeZd dk;ZØekr

[kwip deh vlrs-

eh tsOgk LFkkud cka/kya rsOgk pkrqekZlkph ,d vfHkuo&21&O;k

'krdkryh ,d osxGh dYiuk leksj ekaMyh- ;k ladYiusyk ^gksysLVhd MsOgyiesaV

vkWQ QWfeyh* ¼,p-Mh-,Q-½ vla xksaMl uko ns.;kr vkya- R;kP;k varxZr

lektkrY;k tUe >kY;kiklwu 'ksoVi;±r v'kk osxosxGîkk o;ksxVkrhy yksdkaps xV

r;kj dj.;kr vkys- mnk- 4&13 o;ksxVkrhy ,d osxGk xV r;kj d:u R;kpa uko

^fyVhy ,DLIyksjj* vla Bso.;kr vkya- rlap 14&24 o;ksxVkrhy eqya&eqyh

;kaP;klkBh osxGk xV r;kj d:u R;kpa uko ^ok;&tSujs'ku* vla Bso.;kr vkya

25&40 o;ksxVkrhy QDr efgykalkBh ,d osxGk xV r;kj dj.;kr vkyk vlwu

R;kpa uko ^fyMhax ysMh* vla Bso.;kr vkya- rlsp 25&40 o;ksxVkrhy ;qodkapk

osxGk xV r;kj d:u R;kpa uko ^;ax izkssQs'kuYl* vla Bso.;kr vkya- 40 uarjP;k

yksdkapk osxGk xV r;kj dj.;kr vkyk vlwu 40&60 v'kk ;k xVkpa uko

^QWfeyh gsMl~* vla Bso.;kr vkya-

eh vlk fopkj dsyk dh LFkkudke/;s tsOgk pkj efgus pkrqekZl vlrks rsOgk

xq:egkjktkapk izkFkZuk] izopu o izfrØe.k vlk osG tj lksMyk rj jkfgysY;k

osGse/;s ;k loZ o;ksxVklkBh R;kauk ;ksX; vls dk;ZØe r;kj dj.;kr ;sÅu R;k R;k

o;ksxVkyk T;k R;kaP;k xjtk vkgsr] ts lkekftd n`"Vhus ,df=rjhR;k pkaxya dke

dsya tkÅ 'kdra v'kk dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh dj.;kr ;koh- R;kaP;k osxosxGîkk cSBdk

cksyfo.;kr vkY;k] R;kaP;k xjtk letwu ?ksrY;k o R;k n`f"Vdksukrwu pkj

efgU;kae/;s izR;sd o;ksxVklkBh osxosxGs mi;qDr dk;ZØe vFkok Dyklsl ;kaph

213

jpuk d:u pkj efgU;kapa eksBa dWysaMj Nki.;kr vkya o rs f'kokthuxjP;k loZ tSu

lektkP;k ifjokjkae/;s forfjr dj.;kr vkya- lok±P;k osxosxGîkk cSBdk ?ksÅu

R;kauk gh Hkwfedk letkoyh o gGwgGw iw.kZi.ks vaeyctko.kh dj.;klkBhps iz;Ru

lq: >kys-

lnj LFkkud gks.;klkBh ijeiwT; izhfrlq/kkth e- lk- e/kqfLerkth e- lk- o

R;kaP;k brj lk/ohauh lektkyk [kwi izsj.kk fnyh gksrh] vk'khokZn fnys gksrs o LFkkud

r;kj >kys ikfgts ;klkBh R;kauh vFkd ifjJe ?ksrys gksrs- R;kxh egkiq#"kkaP;k

eukiklwu dsysY;k vFkd iz;Rukauk uDdhp ;'k ;sra- vkt o/kZeku izfr"Bku gs

f'kokthuxje/khy mHka jkfgysya LFkkud ;ke/;s izhfrlq/kkth e-lk- ;kaps iz;Ru o

vk'khokZnkapk flagkpk okVk vkgs vla Eg.kkoa ykxsy- R;keqGs ;k LFkkudkpa mn~?kkVugh

R;kaP;kp gLrs Ogkoa v'kh vkEgh lok±uh bPNk O;Dr dsyh- rh R;kaP;k dkukoj ?kkryh

o lok±uh gV~V /k:u izhfrlq/kkth e-lk-pk ifgyk pkrqekZl o/kZeku izfr"Bkue/;s

Bjoyk- R;kaP;k gLrs ;k LFkkudkpa mn~?kkVu >kya-

izhfrlq/kkth e-lk- ;k iqjksxkeh fopkjlj.khP;k vlY;keqGs eh ,p-Mh-,Q-

ph gh uohu dYiuk R;kauk letkowu lkafxryh- rh R;kauh mpywu /kjyh- 21 O;k

'krdkrhy /kkfeZd o lkekftd dk;ZØekapk ,df=r vlk vfr'k; osxGk ukohU;iw.kZ

pkrqekZl eksBîkk izek.kkojrh ;'kLoh >kyk- loZp yksdkauh vk[kysY;k osxosxGîkk

dk;ZØekauk [kwi Nku izfrlkn fnyk- egkjkt lkgsckaps R;kaps pkrqekZlkrhy Bjkfod

dk;ZØe lksMwu pkj efgU;kar 167 rklkaps osxosxGs dk;ZØe 5 osxosxGîkk xVkr

foHkkxwu yksdkauk ns.;kr vkys-

ekÖ;k n`f"Vdksukrwu ;k uohu dk;ZØekpa ;'k gs [kwip pkaxya vkgs o tj

vls pkrqekZl gGwgGw lxGhdMs gksÅ ykxys rj tSu lekt ,dla/k gksÅ 'kdsy-

lektkrY;k cÚ;kp vMp.kh lqVw 'kdrhy- loZ o;ksxVkrhy yksdkauk R;kpk ykHk

gksbZy o Hkkjrke/;s vlysY;k loZ LFkkudkapk okij pkaxY;k i)rhus gksÅ 'kdsy o

lektkph ,dh ok<sy- vls vusd mís'k ;k dk;ZØekeqGs lk/; gksr gksrs- pkrqekZl

laiY;kuarjlq)k egkjkt lkgc xsY;kuarjgh iq<P;k pkj efgU;kalkBh osxGs dWysaMj

Nki.;kr vkys] osxGs izksxzke ns.;kr vkys- ftrdk izfrlkn egkjkt lkgc vlrkuk

feGkysyk gksrk frrdk mRlkg uarj fVdyk ukgh- R;kuarjP;k pkj efgU;kar lq)k

214

dk;ZØe ns.;kr vkys- ijarq loZlkekU; tursyk lrr uohu dkghrjh ykxr vlra-

R;keqGs lektkpk tkLr izfrlkn dk;ZØekauk feGw 'kdyk ukgh- eyk ;kcíy

vfr'k; okbZV okVya- brdh pkaxyh ;kstuk lektkleksj mHkh dsyh vlrkuk] ;'kLoh

d:u nk[koyh vlrkuk R;kyk iq<s ?ksÅu tk.;klkBh eyk ftrdk osG |k;yk

ikfgts gksrk o R;klkBh eyk ts dke djk;yk ikfgts gksra rs dj.;klkBh eyk osG

deh feGkY;keqGs f'kokthuxje/;s eh ;kph ?kMh eksBîkk izek.kkoj iq<s pkyw Bsow

'kdyks ukgh-

uarj nksu o"kk±uh izhfrlq/kkth e-lka-pk pkrqekZl tGxko ;sFks uDdh >kyk-

rsOgk tGxkoyk ,p-Mh-,Q- QkWE;qZyk okij.;kpk eh iz;Ru dsyk- iq.;kis{kkgh tkLr

pkaxyk izfrlkn tGxkoP;k pkrqekZlkr feGkyk- rsFkhy dk;ZdrsZ lkS- eerk

dkadfj;k] Jh- fot; ikj[k gs Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps inkf/kdkjh gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs ,p-

Mh-,Q-ph tckcnkjh lksifo.;kr vkyh- Jh- nyqHkkÅ tSu o R;kaph Vhe ;kauh eksBîkk

izek.kkoj lgdk;Z dsya- tGxkoyk ,p-Mh-,Q- dk;ZØe iq.;kis{kk tkLr pkaxyk

d:u nk[koyk-

gk dk;ZØe tSu lektke/;s HkkjrHkj ?ksÅu tk;yk ikfgts] v'kh ek>h

bPNk vkgs- ijarq R;k i)rhus eh ;klkBh tkLr osG nsÅ 'kdr ukgh- i.k tj dkgh

dk;ZdR;k±uh eukoj ?ksrya rj ,p-Mh-,Q- gh ;kstuk laiw.kZ HkkjrHkj il: 'kdrs]

vlk eyk fo'okl vkgs- R;kpk mi;ksx pkaxY;k izdkjs lektkyk gksÅ 'kdsy- [kkl

d:u ygku eqya o ;qod ;kapk lgHkkx o lektkrhy ,dksik ok<fo.;kpk gk ,d

eksBk iz;Ru dj.;kpk fopkj ;k ek/;ekus n`< dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- eyk vis{kk vkgs

dh iq<P;k dkGkr dq.kh uk dq.kh yksd ;kpa usr`Ro Lohdkjrhy vkf.k eh gk dk;ZØe

iq<s pkyw Bsow 'kdsu- R;keqGs v'kkizdkjP;k dk;ZØekps fu;kstu dj.;krgh eyk

vfr'k; vkuan feGr vls-**

'kkafrykythauh tUexkoh fdrh eksBa dke dsya] 'kkys; f'k{k.k >kysY;k

xkoh fdrh eksBa dke dsya o iq.;ke/;s QDr ok?kksyh 'kS{kf.kd iquoZlu izdYip mHkk

dsyk ukgh fdaok LFkkudkph QDr ,d bekjrp cka/kyh ukgh rj laiw.kZ ns'kkrY;k

LFkkudkauk R;kaph i)r cny.;klkBh 21 O;k 'krdkrhy xjtkaizek.ks vk/kqfud

215

i)rhua pkrqekZl d'kk i)rhua dsyk tkok ;kpk oLrqikB ?kkywu fnyk- tqU;k

dqBY;kgh :<h o ijaijsyk fojks/k u djrk LFkkudkP;k fu;eke/;s ftrds dk;ZØe clw

'kdrkr rso<Ókkp izdkjps dk;ZØe vk;ksftr d:u lektkrY;k izR;sd o;ksxVkrY;k

ek.klkyk LFkkudkdMs [kspwu ?ks.;kph rkdn o {kerk ,p-Mh-,Q- dk;ZØeke/;s

fuekZ.k d:u ,d uohu osxGh fn'kk ns.;kpa dkegh ;k ek/;ekua dj.;kr vkya- gh

,d fo'ks"k ckc Eg.kkoh ykxsy- vusd yksd LFkkudkP;k bekjrh cka/kwu fjdkes gksrkr-

ijarq ns'kkrhy loZ LFkkuda d'kh pkyyh ikfgtsr ;kP;koj fopkjeaFku d:u uohu

iz.kkyh r;kj d:u rs ;'kLohi.ks jkco.ka gsp rj 'kkafrykythapa lok±r eksBa oSf'k"VÓk

gksra- eyk vk'kk vkgs dh gGwgGw dkgh yksd ;k dk;ZØekph tckcnkjh ?ksrhy o rks

HkkjrHkj il: 'kdsy- ;krwu ,d pkaxya eksBa dk;Z fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdsy-

Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusps T;s"B inkf/kdkjh o lgdkjh vkSjaxkckn fuoklh Jh-

th-,e- cksFkjk] Jh- rulq[k >kacM o Jh- xkSrepan lapsrh gs vkSjaxkcknyk chts,lpa

dke eksBîkk izek.kkoj djhr gksrs- 1975 P;k vklikl vkSjaxkckn ;sFks yk;Ul

DycP;k ek/;ekus ,dk gkWVsye/;s gs loZ yksd ,dk dk;ZØeklkBh xsys gksrs- frFks

ppkZ djhr vlrkuk Hkkjrh; oa'kkps ,d vesfjdu MkWDVj 'kjndqekj nhf{kr gsgh frFks

clysys gksrs- vkSjaxkckntoGp ?k`".ks'ojkP;k n'kZuklkBh tk.;kP;k rs r;kjhr gksrs-

yk;Ul DycP;k R;k dk;ZdR;k±uh R;kaP;k'kh xIik ekjk;yk lq#okr dsyh o

vesfjdsr vki.k dk; djrk] vla fopkjY;koj R;kauh lkafxrya eh IykfLVd ltZu

vkgs- bFka njo"khZ ?k`".ks'ojkP;k n'kZuklkBh ;srks- ;koj ppkZ >kyh-

^vkSjaxkckn bFksgh vksB QkVysys] psgÚ;koj foæwi Mkx vlysys o MksGîkakr

frjGsi.kk vl.kkjs vls [kwi #X.k vkgsr- tj vkEgh yk;Ul DycP;k orhus R;kaP;k

vkWijs'kupa f'kfcj vk;ksftr dsya rj T;k T;k osGsl vki.k ;sFks n'kZukyk ;ky

R;kosGh ;k f'kfcjklkBh 2&3 fnolkapk vki.k osG |kok* v'kh fouarh yk;Ul

DycP;k inkf/kdkÚ;kauh MkW- 'kjndqekj nhf{kr ;kauk dsyh- R;kauh gh fouarh ekU;

IykfLVd ltZjh dWEi %

216

dsyh-

yk;Ul Dyc vkSjaxkckn vkf.k MkW- nhf{kr ;kapa vlksfl,'ku lq: >kya-

ifgY;k o"khZ vfr'k; deh izfrlkn feGkyk o 5&10 'kL=fØ;k dj.;kr vkY;k-

gGwgGw izfrlkn ok<w ykxyk o tkLr 'kL=fØ;k gksÅ ykxY;k- MkW- nhf{krgh v'kkp

izdkjP;k dkekph la/kh 'kks/kr gksrs- vkSjaxkcknP;k yk;Ul Dycus MkW- nhf{krkaP;k

ek/;ekus ,d vfr'k; LrqR; miØe lq: dsyk- ;kcíy yk;Ul DycP;k loZ T;s"B

inkf/kdkÚ;kauk |kos rso<s /kU;okn FkksMsp vkgsr-

1975 iklwu lq: >kysyh gh ijaijk d/khp [kafMr >kyh ukgh- 1994

lkyh chts,lP;k orhus iq.;kyk vls dWEi ?;kosr vlk vkxzg R;kosGps chts,lps

vkSjaxkcknps inkf/kdkjh Jh- th- ,e- cksFkjk] rulq[k >kacM o xkSre lapsrh ;kauh

/kjyk- eh rks ekU; dsyk- vkWijs'kUl dqBs djkohr gk iz'u iq<s vkyk- MkW- ds-,p-

lapsrh gs ek>s vfr'k; toGps Lusgh- eh R;kaP;kcjkscj ;koj ppkZ dsyh- R;kaP;k

gkWfLiVye/;s ;k 'kL=fØ;k dsY;k tkO;kr v'kh bPNk O;Dr dsyh- MkW- lapsrh] lkS-

lapsrh o MkW- ijkx lapsrh ;k lok±uk gh dYiuk [kwi vkoMyh o iq.ks ;sFks MkW-

nhf{krkapk ifgyk dWEi 1994 lkyh ?ks.;kr vkyk-

Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk o lapsrh bfULVVÓkwV ;kaP;k ek/;ekus iq.;kr 'kL=fØ;k

gksÅ ykxY;k- eh ifgyh ikp o"k± ;k dk;ZØeklkBh [kwi vFkd ifjJe ?ksrys- uarj

MkW- ijkx lapsrh o izQqYy ikj[k ;kauh ek>k o MkW- lapsrhapk Hkkj deh dsyk o gs dke

iq<s lkrR;kus pkyw Bsoya- chts,le/;s gk dk;ZØe ifgY;k nksu o"kk±r pkaxyk ;'kLoh

>kY;kuarj eh gk dk;ZØe chts,lP;k ek/;ekus brj xkokar ftYgk ikrGhoj >kyk

ikfgts vlk vkxzg MkW- nhf{krkadMs /kjyk- R;kauh rksgh ekU; dsyk- lq#okrhyk ,dk

dWEilkBh ,d vkBoMk vkSjaxkcknyk ;s.kkjs MkW- nhf{kr gGwgGw R;kapk Hkkjrkryk osG

ok<ow ykxys o eksQr 'kL=fØ;k d: ykxys-

xsY;k 20&25 o"kk±r rs ckjk efgU;karwu lgk efgus Hkkjrkr jkgw ykxys o

lkrR;kus lgk efgus osxosxGîkk fBdk.kh dWEips vk;kstu d: ykxys- Hkkjrh; tSu

la?kVuspk ;kr flagkpk okVk gksrk- R;kuarj yk;Ul Dyc o brj dkgh laLFkk ;kaP;k

ek/;ekus 30&40 fBdk.kh f'kfcja gksÅ ykxyh- chts,lus ;kr lok±r tkLr f'kfcja

217

?ksÅu eksBîkk izek.kkoj ;k dk;kZph O;kIrh ok<oyh- eyk ;kcíy [kwi lek/kku vkgs-

xsY;k o"khZ MkW- 'kjndqekj nhf{kr ;kapa fu/ku >kya o R;kpk /kDdk chts,lykp uOgs

rj yk;Ul Dyc o loZp dk;ZdR;k±uk eksBîkk izek.kkoj clyk-

rjhlq)k R;kaP;kuarj vkSjaxkckn o iq.;kyk vkEgh dWEi vk;ksftr dsys o

;sFkwu iq<s gs dWEi pkyw jkgrhy ;klkBh ikÅy mpy.;kr ;sr vkgs- v'kk i)rhus

toGtoG vMhp yk[k #X.kkaoj ¼nqHkaxysys vksB] psgÚ;kojhy fonzwi Mkx]

frjGsi.kkoj½ eksQr mipkj dj.;klkBh MkW- nhf{krkaP;keqGs chts,lyk eksBh la/kh

feGkyh o gs dke djrkuk eyk vfr'k; vkuan >kyk- ;k dk;ZØeklkBh iq.ks]

vgenuxj] vaeGusj] fpiGw.k] vfyckx] lkoarokMh] dtZr] dksYgkiwj] lksykiwj]

ck'khZ] /kqGs] vejkorh] panziwj] xksafn;k] ukxiwj] ykrwj] jRukfxjh] fnxzl] ukansM]

ijHk.kh] vkSjaxkckn] tkyuk] ekysxko] ukf'kd] flUuj] fHkykbZ] jk;iwj] fNanokMk]

ckyk?kkV ¼e/;izns'k½] bjksM] ¼rfeGukMw½] jktdksV ¼xqtjkr½] bR;knh 'kgjkae/;s R;k

fBdk.kps chts,lps inkf/kdkjh loZJh jes'k iksdukZ] izoh.k HkaMkjh] iz'kkar xka/kh]

lq[kyky cksjk] v#.k nqxM] 'kf'kdkar equksr] furhu dksVspk] jktsanz equksr] iznhi tSu]

vfHkuanu [kksr] 'kkafryky iksdukZ] fnyhi HkaMkjh] gLrheyth cac] dsru 'kgk]

vkseizdk'k ckQuk] ikjl vksloky] MkW- lat; vkpfy;k] egs'k dksBkjh] jktsanz

iksdukZ] fgrs'k 'kgk] jktsanz lqjk.kk] jktsanz yqadM] lqjs'kHkkbZ dksBkjh] lkS- vk'kk NktsM]

lkS- 'khry NktsM ;kauh [kwi ifjJe ?ksrys o gs dk;ZØe ;'kLoh dsys- ;kcíy R;k

dk;ZdR;k±uk |kosr rso<s /kU;okn FkksMsp vkgsr- rlsp ;k IykfLVd ltZjh dWEiP;k

vk;kstuklkBh eqacbZ ;sFkhy ^flIyk daiuh* o iq.ks ;sFkhy gkWVsy izkbZM ;kaps lq)k

eksykps lgdk;Z ykHkys-

'kkafrykythaP;k dk;kZcíy R;kauk vusd iqjLdkjkauh xkSjfoys xsys- ek=

R;kauh lkekftd dk;Z djrkuk dks.kR;kgh vis{ksus dsysys ukghp- R;kaP;k

lek/kkuklkBh rs lkekftd dk;Z djr vkgsr- dkgh dkgh fBdk.kh yksd Hkkouko'k

gksÅu iqjLdkj ns.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr- R;kaP;k n`f"Vdksukrwu v'kk izdkjpa dke

iqjLdkj %

218

dj.kkÚ;k yksdkapk lRdkj dsyk tkok] gh R;kaph Hkkouk vfr'k; pkaxyh vlrs-

;k n`f"Vdksukrwu dkgh laLFkkauh fdaok O;Drhauh R;kauk iqjLdkj fnysys vkgsr-

tjh ;ke/;s R;kaph Hkkouk dkghgh vlyh rjh ns.kkÚ;k ek.klkP;k Hkkouspk vknj

dsyk tkok ;k n`"Vhus 'kkafrykythauh R;k iqjLdkjkapk Lohdkj dsyk vkgs- mnkgj.kkFkZ

1993 P;k Hkwdaikuarj fdYykjhP;k vkliklP;k 50 xkokauh feGwu R;kauk

,df=rjhR;k iqjLdkj ns.;kph bPNk O;Dr dsyh gksrh- R;kyk rs ukgh Eg.kw 'kdys

ukghr- dkj.k ljdkj njckjh iqjLdkjkaph [kwi jsypsy vlrs- ijarq

tuekulkdMwu&ukxfjdkaP;kdMwu&R;k fBdk.kP;k dkekcíy izsekus ,d eqyxk

Eg.kwu tj R;kauh iqjLdkj ns.;kpa Bjoysya vlsy rj rks vk'khokZn letwu R;kauh

R;kpk vkuankus Lohdkj dsyk-

R;kauk feGkysys iqjLdkj vls lkaxrk ;srhy- R;ke/;s ^^tSujRu** Eg.kwu

Hkkjrkps R;kosGps iariz/kku Jh- vVyfcgkjh oktis;h ;kaP;k gLrs eqacbZ ;sFks] eqacbZrhy

Fkksj lektlsod dS- eQrykyth esgrk ;kaP;k orhus fnokyhcsu esgrk vWokWMZ ,dk

eksBîkk dk;ZØekr ek- Jh- nykbZ ykek ;kaP;k gLrs] rj iq.ks ;sFks jsflMsfU'k;y

DycP;k ek/;ekus Jh- vferkHk cPpu ;kaP;k gLrs ^^iq.ks izkbZM** gk iqjLdkj ns.;kr

vkyk-

tsOgk in;k=k dsyh rsOgk iq.ks egkuxjikfydsrQsZ ckyxa/koZ ;sFks Hkkjrkr

lxGîkkr tkLr eksBh in;k=k dj.kkjs Eg.kwu R;kapk o Jh- lquhy nRr ;kapk HkO;

lRdkj dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- eqacbZ ;sFks tk;aV baVjuW'kuyP;k orhus 'kS{kf.kd o

lkekftd {ks=kr eksBa dke dsY;kcíy Jh- vferkHk cPpu ;kaP;k gLrs iqUgk ,dnk

'kkafrykythapk lRdkj dj.;kr vkyk gksrk- Hkkjrke/;s fdEizks gh daiuh

DokfyVhe/;s vfr'k; pkaxyh vkgs- fdEizks o dsih,eth ;kaP;k orhus njo"khZ

osxosxGîkk {ks=krY;k yksdkauk iqjLdkj fnys tkrkr- gs iqjLdkj gs xq.koÙksP;k n`"Vhus

vueksy vlrkr- 2010 e/;s fdEizkse/;s 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr dk;Z dsY;kcíy R;kauk

^IyWVsfu;e vWokWMZ* ns.;kr vkys gksrs-

2005 e/;s feGkysyk ,d iqjLdkj 'kkafrykythaP;k n`"Vhus lok±r tkLr

egÙokpk gksrk o rks iqjLdkj gksrk ^oWUxks vWokMZ*- oWUxks Eg.kts ^oYMZWANGO

219

vlksfl,'ku vkWQ ,uthvks*- txkrY;k loZ ,uthvksph tkxfrd ikrGhojph gh

lok±r eksBh laLFkk vkgs- 2005 e/;s chts,lP;k dk;kZy;krhy dkgh O;kolkf;d

O;Drhauh baVjusVo:u ;k iqjLdkjkph ekfgrh feGkY;keqGs R;klkBh vtZ dsyk gksrk-

R;kosGh 'kkafrykythauk R;kph dYiuklq)k uOgrh- ijarq loZ izdkjph rikl.kh

>kY;kuarj txke/kY;k 'kS{kf.kd dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k T;k ,uthvks vkgsr R;ke/;s chts,l

;k ,uthvksyk 'kS{kf.kd {ks=krhy pkaxyh ,uthvks Eg.kwu gk iqjLdkj fnyk- gk

iqjLdkj Lohdkj.;klkBh ^Mksesfudu fjifCyd* ;sFks rs xsys gksrs- tkrkuk nqcbZ ;sFkhy

tSu lektkps ,d lkekftd dk;ZdrsZ o R;kaps fe= Jh- ujsanz tSu gsgh R;kaP;kcjkscj

gksrs-

'kkafrykythauk feGkysys gs iqjLdkj Eg.kts lektkus R;kaP;k dk;kZph

?ksrysyh n[ky- vls vusd iqjLdkj iq<hy vk;q";krgh R;kauk feGrhy-

220

’kkafrykythauh ^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk ¼chts,l½* LFkkiu dsyh i.k

la?kVusph cka/k.kh d'kh dsyh] rh ok<oyh d'kh o dks.krs dk;ZØe xko ikrGhoj

jkcoys tkrkr vlk iz'u R;kauk fopkjY;koj] R;kauh mRrj fnys] ^^Hkkjrh; tSu

la?kVusP;k Hkkjrkrhy fofo/k 'kk[kkaP;kekQZr dsY;k tk.kkÚ;k HkO; lkekftd dk;kZpk

fopkj djhr vlrkuk vusd xks"Vh y{kkr vkY;k- Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusph lq#okr

1985 yk >kyh- ifgyh 5 o"kZ laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkr fQ:u ;ksX; dk;ZdR;k±ph fuoM o

rikl.kh dj.;kpa dke] R;kauk letwu ?ks.;kpa dke vfr'k; f'kLr'khji.ks dj.;kr

vkya- tltla gs dke iw.kZ gksÅ ykxya rlrla chts,lus xkokxkoke/;s

inkf/kdkÚ;kaP;k fu;qDR;k dsY;k- xkok/;{k] ftYgk/;{k] foHkkxh; v/;{k o

jkT;k/;{k brD;k ikrGhoj v/;{kkaph use.kwd d:u] R;kaP;k [kkyh 10&20

pkaxY;k dk;ZdR;k±P;k use.kqdk d:u dk;Zdkfj.kh cufo.;kr vkY;k- R;keqGs QDr

egkjk"Vªke/;sp 500 is{kk vf/kd xkokae/;s Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk lfØ; dke d:

ykxyh-

la?kVuk LFkkiu >kysyh vlY;keqGs R;kauh R;k R;k fBdk.kh lektksi;ksxh

dks.kdks.krh dkea djkohr] dks.kR;k efgU;kr dks.krs dk;ZØe ?;kosr o rs d'kk

i)rhua ?;kosr ;k lanHkkZrhy ekxZn'kZd rÙos r;kj d:u R;k n`"Vhua izR;sd fBdk.kh

dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dj.;kr ;sr gksrs- izR;sd o"khZP;k vf/kos'kuke/;s ;k dk;ZØekaps

vkjk[kMs o ;kstuk r;kj dj.;kr ;sr gksR;k- izR;sd dk;ZØe dj.;klkBh frFkY;k

inkf/kdkÚ;kauh rks dk;ZØe dlk dsyk ikfgts] ;kP;k ekxZn'kZd iqfLrdslg loZ

dk;ZdR;k±uk ekxZn'kZu dj.;kr ;sr gksrs- dk;ZØekps vk;kstu djhr vlrkuk izR;sd

efgU;kr ,d fdeku eksBk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsyk ikfgts ;koj Hkj gksrk- R;ke/;s

vkacsMdj t;arh] xka/kh t;arh] egkohj t;arh] f'k{kd fnu] i;kZoj.k fnu] xq.koar

fo|kFkhZ lRdkj] {kek;kpuk ¼eS=h fnol½] jksx fpfdRlk f'kfcj] O;fDreÙo fodkl

f'kfcj] dfjvj xkbZMUl] vWIVhVÓkqM VsLV] QaM jsthax bR;knh- R;keqGs R;kpk ifj.kke

eksBîkk izek.kkoj gksr vls- mnk- f'k{kd fnukyk vkikiY;k ifjljkrhy 10&15

xq#tukapk lRdkj d:u ;k dk;ZØekP;k ek/;ekrwu laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkr chts,lrQsZ

300&400 fBdk.kh ;k dk;ZØekaps vk;kstu dsys tkr- ;k ek/;ekrwu 4&5 gtkj

29 : ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMrXoe^amMr ì`már d H$m`©H«$_

221

f'k{kdkapk lRdkj izR;sd ikrGhoj dsyk tkr vls- nqljs mnkgj.k |k;ps >kys rj

egkohj t;arhP;k fno'kh jDrnku f'kfcj vk;ksftr dsys tkr vls- R;kosGh laiw.kZ

egkjk"Vªkr ,dkp osGh ikp gtkji;±r jDrkP;k ckVY;k xksGk gksr vlr- vukFk

eqykaps olfrx`g] va/k] viax eqykaP;k] dq"BjksX;kaP;k laLFkk] o`)kJe ;klkj[;k

egkjk"Vªkrhy vusd laLFkkae/;s chts,lps dk;ZdrsZ tkÅu lfØ; lgHkkx ?ksr vlr-

1990 uarj egkjk"Vªkizek.ks NRrhlx<e/;s v'kk izdkjP;k 'kk[kk fuekZ.k

dj.;kr vkY;k gksR;k o rsFksgh ;kp i)rhus dk;ZØekaps vk;kstu dsys tkr gksrs-

gGwgGw egkjk"Vª] NRrhlx<uarj iatkc] gfj;k.kk] e/;izns'k] jktLFkku] rfeGukMw]

dukZVd] vka/kzizns'k ;k jkT;krgh chts,lps xko ikrGhoj eksBs dk;Z lq: >kys- eyk

Lor%yk gs lkaxk;yk vfr'k; vkuan gksrks dh HkkjrkP;k dehr deh 7&8 jkT;kr

chts,lpa dke xko ikrGhi;±r iksgkspysys vlwu izR;sd fBdk.kps dk;ZdrsZ R;kaP;k

R;kaP;k ijhus eksBîkk izek.kkoj lektlsok dj.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vkgsr- QDr ,[kk|k

ftYgîkkpk ueqU;knk[ky vgoky tj c?k.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk rj rks 'ksdMks ikukapk

vlrks- R;k ftYgîkke/;s gks.kkÚ;k dk;ZØekaps QksVks] orZekui=krhy ckrE;k o R;keqGs

gks.kkjs o >kysys Qk;ns ;k lokZapk Ågkiksg vfr'k; pkaxY;k i)rhus dsyk tkrks- ru]

eu] /kukus LFkkfud ikrGhoj vls lkekftd dke djhr vkysY;k loZ chts,lP;k

dk;ZdR;k±uk eh ueu djrks- chts,lpa gs ns'kHkj iljr pkyysya dke lkekftd

dk;kZr Økarh dsY;kf'kok; jkg.kkj ukgh gs fuf'pr-

gs loZ dke lqlw=i.ks pky.;klkBh vkEgh R;kph ;kstuk o ?kMh pkaxY;k

i)rhus cloyh vkgs- chts,le/;s T;k O;Drhyk ftYgk/;{k Eg.kwu use.;kr ;srs

R;kP;kdMwu nksu o"kk±r fdrh dke dsya tkoa ;kph ;knh R;kP;kdMs vlrs- rlsp

R;kaP;k ftYgîkkpk nkSjk R;kauh dlk o d/kh djkok ;kphgh ;knh R;kaP;kdMs vlrs-

R;keqGs izR;sd xko ikrGhojP;k yksdkauk ftYgîkkrhy yksdkapa lgdk;Z o ekxZn'kZu

ykHkra o ftYgîkkrhy yksdkauk xkokr pkyysY;k dkekoj ns[kjs[k Bsokoh ykxrs- ftFks

dke deh pkyya vlsy frFks lwpuk ns.;kr ;srkr- ghp i)r th ftYgk ikrGhoj

jkcfo.;kr ;srs] rhp foHkkxh; ikrGhoj o jkT; ikrGhoj jkcfo.;kr ;srs-

chts,le/;s jkT;k/;{k gks.;klkBh yodj dks.kh r;kj gksr ukgh- brD;k eksBîkk

izek.kkojpa in o izfr"Bk feGwugh vfr'k; deh yksd ;klkBh iq<s ;srkr] vla brj

fBdk.kh fnlr ukgh- brj fBdk.kh v'kk eksBîkk inklkBh pkaxY;k i)rhua xVckth

dsyh tkrs] 'kfDrizn'kZu dsya tkra o ;kP;k tksjkoj in gLrxr dj.;kr ;sra- eh

chts,le/;s gh i)r lq: dsyh ukgh-

222

egkjk"Vª jkT;kP;k v/;{kkauh o"kkZrwu ,dnk rjh iw.kZ jkT;kpk nkSjk dsyk

ikfgts o rks nkSjk eq[; dk;kZy; vk[kwu nsr vlrs- nkSjk lksMwu dks.kdks.kR;k

dk;ZØekauk R;kauh gtj jkfgys ikfgts] dks.kdks.kR;k feVhax R;kauh vk;ksftr dsY;k

ikfgtsr o R;kaP;kdMwu dk; vis{kk vkgsr gs loZ tkghji.ks lkafxrya tkra- T;k T;k

O;Drh gs loZ dj.;klkBh r;kj vlrhy o r'kk izdkjph laerh rs nsr vlrhy o

laiw.kZ vf/kos'kuke/;s yksdkaP;k leksj ;k loZ tckcnkÚ;k ikj ikM.;kph Xokgh o

vk'oklu nsr vlrhy rj v'kkp O;Drhae/kwu jkT;k/;{kkaph fuoM dsyh tkrs- gh

fuoM djrkuk foHkkxh; larqyu fopkjkr ?ksrya tkra- R;keqGs gh izfØ;kp v'kk

i)rhus r;kj dj.;kr ;srs dh R;keqGs o"kZHkjkr izR;sd jkT;kr osxosxGîkk

inkf/kdkÚ;kaps [kwi eksBs nkSjs gksrkr o tursi;±r tkÅu] nkSjs d:u] R;kaP;k

vMhvMp.kh letkowu ?ksÅu dke dsya tkra- gs dke djhr vlrkuk loZ

tkrh/kekZlkBh dk;ZØekaps fu;kstu dsya tkra-

v'kk i)rhus chts,lps xko ikrGhojhy dk;ZdrsZ eqGkiklwu eksBîkk

izek.kkojps lkekftd dk;Z djhr vlrkr- gs loZ dke vfr'k; fu;kstuc) i)rhua

o f'kLrhus ikj ikMya tkra- tj chts,lP;k egkjk"Vª jkT;kP;k izR;sd xkokr >kysY;k

dk;ZØekapk okf"kZd vgoky izfl) djk;pk Bjoyk] rj rks gtkj ikukais{kk tkLr

eksBk gksÅ 'kdsy- brda eksBa dke dk;ZdR;k±P;k ek/;ekrwu dsya tkra- ;k fufeRrkus

eh ;k loZ dk;ZdR;k±uk eu%iwoZd ueu djrks o gh ekuolsok vki.k v'khp pkyw

Bsoyh ikfgts vla vkokgugh djrks-

v'kk dk;ZØekrwu eyk ekÖ;k ;k dkekoj izse nk[kfo.kkjh] ekÖ;k dkekoj

fo'okl Bso.kkjh eaMGh HksVyh- dk;ZdrsZ feGkys- R;kauh ekÖ;koj vijaikj isze dsya]

djhr vkgsr- >ksdwu nsÅu dke djhr vkgsr- fdR;sdkauh vxnh lq#okrhiklwu

25&26 o"kk±iklwu eyk lkFk fnyh vkgs- dkekyk R;kauh okgwu ?ksrya vkgs-

fu%LokFkhZi.kkua! dqBY;kgh lRrspk] inkpk yksHk u Bsork dke djhr vkgsr- Lor%P;k

f[k'kkryk iSlk [kpZ d:u] ykacykacwu izokl d:u dkeklkBh] ekÖ;klkBh ;srkr- - -

brD;k eksBîkk izek.kkoj vxnh var%dj.kkiklwu R;kapk feG.kkjk ikfBack foy{k.k

vkgs- [kja Eg.kts fdR;sdkauk ?kjkrwup fojks/k gksr vlrks- v'kk osGh vusdnk R;kaP;k

?kjh eyk e/;LFkh djkoh ykxyh- eh dk;ZdR;k±uk d/kh nqyZf{kr dsya ukgh- lkrR;kus

R;kaP;kcjkscj jkfgyks- dk;ZØekrya tso.k eh lxGîkkr 'ksoVh & 'ksoVP;k

dk;ZdR;kZcjkscj ?ksrks- R;keqGs R;kaps d"V] ifjJe rs foljrkr- brdap uOgs rj

dk;ZØekyk vkysY;k egÙokP;k eksBîkk vfrFkhacjkscj eh tso.kkj dh ukgh ;kcíy

223

R;kaP;kr iStk ykxrkr vkf.k 'ksoVh ^HkkÅ* vkiY;kcjkscjp tsoys ;kpk vfHkeku] gs

lek/kku R;kaP;k psgÚ;koj ikgk;yk eyk vkoMra-**

v'kk izdkjs Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusph cka/k.kh dsysyh vkgs- ewG gsrw y{kkr

?ksÅu la?kVusps ns'kHkjkr dk;ZØe vk;ksftr dsys tkrkr- gs fp= lek/kkudkjd vkgs]

gs 'kkafrykythaP;k ;k mÙkjkrwu fnlwu ;sra-

224

O;olk;ke/;s] dqVqacke/;s izR;sd fBdk.kh okjlnkj Bjoysyk vlrks fdaok

dqVqac izeq[k bPNki= fygwu okjlnkj Bjorkr- T;k O;Drhyk okjlnkj Bjfoya tkra

R;k R;k O;Drhyk okjlnkjkph loZ lRrk o laiRrh feGr vlrs- jktdkj.kkr tjh

yksdkauh fuoMwu fnysys yksdizfrfu/kh fo/kkulHkk o yksdlHksr tkr vlys rjhlq)k

izeq[k jktdh; i{kkaps eq[; pkyd gs R;kaP;k n`"Vhus okjlnkj Bjorap vlrkr-

bFkslq)k T;kyk okjlnkj Bjfo.;kr ;sra R;kyk Hkjiwj dkgh feGr vlra- ijarq

lkekftd dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k T;k egku O;Drh gksÅu xsY;k vkgsr] R;k O;Drh fo'ks"k

gksR;k o R;kauh [kwi pkaxya dke dsya Eg.kwu R;k egku >kY;k- v'kk osGh okjlnkjkpk

[kwi eksBk iz'u fuekZ.k gksrks-

'kkafrykythauh xsY;k 25 o"kk±iklwu gh la?kVuk pkyfoyh vkgs- vk.k[kh

cjsp fnol rs pkyow 'kdrhy ;kr 'kadk ukgh- R;kauh dsysya o djhr vlysya dke

vkewykxz ifjorZukpa vkgs- R;keqGs gs dke iq<s pkyw jkg.;kP;k n`"Vhua ekÖ;k eukr

mRlqdrk fuekZ.k >kyh dh] 'kkafrykythauh ;kcíypa dkgh fu;kstu dsya vkgs dh

ukgh\ fdaok R;kapa ;kcíy dk; er vkgs\ dkj.k O;olk;krY;k fdaok

jktdkj.kkrhy okjlnkjkyk iSlk o lRrk feGr vlrs- ijarq lkekftd dk;kZe/;s vla

dkgh ulra- bFks QDr R;kxp R;kx vlrks- R;keqGs v'kk dkeklkBh okjlnkj feGw

'kdr ukgh- Eg.kwu eh R;kauk iz'u fopkjyk dh] vkiY;kuarj chts,l pkyfo.;kP;k

n`"Vhua okjlnkj Eg.kwu vki.k dkgh fu;kstu dsya vkgs dk\ ;k fo"k;koj vkiya dk;

Eg.k.ka vkgs\ rsOgk R;kauh ts mRrj fnya rs vla ^^Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVuk LFkkiu d:u

vkrk cjkp dkG yksVyk vkgs- LFkkiusiklwu eh v/;{k vkgs vkf.k iq<sgh ehp jkghu-

laLFkk eh pkyo.kkj gs tjh [kja vlya rjh ^'kkafryky eqFFkk* Eg.kts ^chts,l* gs

lehdj.k ukgh- ekÖ;kuarj laLFkk can iMsy vla eh gksÅ ns.kkj ukgh- gh laLFkk eh

pkyorks vla Eg.k.;kpa dkj.k Eg.kts ,dk nwjP;k VII;kpa /;s;&LoIu mjk'kh

ckGxwu eh dke djhr vkgs-

30 : g§KQ>ZoMm dmagXma

225

ekÖ;koj ,d vk{ksi ?kssryk tkrks dh ^chts,l Eg.kts 'kkafryky eqFFkk

vkf.k rsp Lor% ,dVs Lor%P;k eukizek.ks laLFkk pkyorkr] loZlkekU;kauk fo'oklkr

?ksr ukghr] rs Eg.krhy rhp iwoZ fn'kk-* gs ,sdY;koj eyk okbZV okVra- [kkl d:u

la?kVusP;k ckgsj th eaMGh vkgsr rs vlk vkjksi djrkr- oLrqfLFkrh ek= v'kh ukgh-

chts,lP;k fu.kZ;izfØ;sr lacaf/kr lok±uk cksykowu fu.kZ; ?ksrys tkrkr- Vhdk dj.kkjs

ckgs:u djhr vlrkr- 7&8 fnol ekÖ;kcjkscj jkgwu R;kauh dke dsY;koj Vhdk

f'kYyd jkg.kkj ukgh- oSpkfjd erHksn vlw 'kdrkr- lkekftd dke djrkuk

dqBY;kgh izdkjph vis{kk Bsowu dke dsya rj dkgh lk/; gksr ukgh- eh d/khgh

dqByhp vis{kk Bsoyh ukgh-

eh chts,l pkyorks R;klkBh ckgs:u iSlk ?ksr ukgh- la?kVusr l/;k 500

yksd dke djhr vkgsr- ,dk baMLVªh,o<k] dkj[kkU;k,o<k ;kpk O;ki vkgs- R;k

vuq"kaxkus lxGîkk xks"Vh djkO;k ykxrkr- [kja Eg.kts ek>k ,o<k eksBk O;olk; ukgh

dh R;kP;k feGdrhrwu 2&5 VDds [kpZ djrk ;sbZy- yksda eyk osMk letrkr-

dkj.k vktP;k {k.kki;±r ekÖ;koj lrr c¡dspa dtZ vkgs- dkj.k O;olk;ke/;s

c¡dsrwu iSls dtkZus ?ksÅup O;olk; dsyk tkrks- rla eykgh ?;koa ykxra- ,dhdMwu

c¡dsps dtZ] nqljhdMwu lektdk;kZlkBh dksVÓko/kh #i;s [kpZ - - - gs xf.kr dla

dk;\ fdR;sd osGk eyk ckgs:u iSls vk.kwu deZpkÚ;kapa osru |koa ykxya vkgs- i.k

gk lÑr~n'kZuh fnl.kkjk rk.k dk;eLo:ih ulrks] rks fuoGrksgh-

dke djk;pa rj rs ^VkWi DokfyVh*pap djkoa v'kh ek>h Hkkouk vkgs-

R;klkBh Qkj fopkj djkok ykxrks] Qkj ifjJe ?;kos ykxrkr] [kwi [kksyoj tkoa

ykxra- leksj dke vkya vkf.k eh rs yxsp dsya vla gksr ukgh- vla djk;yk eyk

vkoMrgh ukgh- ekÖ;k dkekpk] cqf)pk okij lRdkj.kh gksr vlsy rj [kpZ djk;yk

eyk vkuan okVrks- R;kpa ewY;ekiu d:up eh [kpZ djrks- dk;ZØeklkBh dk;ZØe

dj.;kpa ek>a /kksj.k ukgh-

eh dke djk;yk lq#okr dsY;kuarj ia/kjk o"kk±uh ekÖ;k dkekph i)r

cnyyh- ifgyh ia/kjk o"k± eh ,[kk|k fo"k;kps iz'u lksMfo.;klkBh ,[kk|k

dk;ZØekps vk;kstu djhr gksrks- ijarq uarj ,dsdk fo"k;koj y{k dsafnzr d:u R;k

fo"k;kr izos’k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- dk;ZØe deh dsys- jk"Vªh; ikrGhoj vlysY;k

226

iz'ukadMs vf/kd y{k nsÅu R;koj mik; 'kks/kys- rs ;'kLoh Bjys- R;keqGs R;kps

Lora= ekWMÓkqy r;kj dsys- ek>a dke ns'kkP;k fgrkpa Ogkoa] ns'kikrGhojpa Ogkoa v'kh

ek>h usgehp bPNk jkfgyh- R;keqGs eh ekÖ;k dk;Z dj.;kP;k i)rhr cny djhr

xsyks- ^jk"Vª ?kM.khlkBh* vls cny mi;qDr Bjrhy] Bjr vkgsr- ;krwup iz'u lqVw

'kdrhy ;kojpk ek>k fo'okl ok<yk vkgs-

i.k - - - ek>a LoIu ekÖ;kuarj v/kZoV jkghy dk\ rs rla jkgw u;s-

chts,lua rs iw.kZ djkoa vlk eh fopkj d:u rlk fu.kZ;gh ?ksryk vkgs- r'kh /kksj.ka

Bjoyh vkgsr- dkj.k rs ek>a LoIu O;fDrxr vlya rjh R;kps ifj.kke ns'kfgrkps

vkgsr] gs uDdh- ekÖ;kuarj gs dke pkyw jkgkoa Eg.kwu eh vR;ar fopkjkarh ,d ;a=.kk

r;kj Bsoyh- rs vfr'k; fDy"V] vo?kM vla dke gksra] i.k rs dsya- i.k gh ;a=.kk

uqlrh r;kj Bsowugh mi;ksx uOgrk- rj rh pkyw Bso.;klkBh ,dk l{ke O;Drhphgh

vko';drk gksrh- ;k xks"Vhpk eh vfr'k; lw{ei.ks fopkj dsyk- 'kkafryky eqFFkkapk

lkekftd dk;kZpk okjl dks.k\- - - lektkr] ?kjh&nkjh lxGhdMs vl.kkjk iz'u

bFksgh fuekZ.k >kyk- i.k eh rks lksMoyk] Bjowu lksMoyk- ekÖ;kleksj Fkksj O;Drhaph

mnkgj.ks gksrh- ;k O;Drh vfr'k; egku gksR;k- R;kaP;ktoG nwjn`"Vh gksrh- dkekph

vQkV {kerk gksrh- R;kaP;k thoukr R;kauh txke/;s [;krh&dhrhZ feGoyh] eksBa

lkezkT; fuekZ.k dsya- i.k tlk R;k O;Drhapk var >kyk r'kh R;kauh fuekZ.k dsysyh

^dk;kZph HkO; bekjr* gGwgGw <klGw ykxyh fdaok R;kauh dsysY;k izxrhpa & dkekpa

pGoGhr :ikarj ukgh gksÅ 'kdya- R;kaP;kuarj R;kaP;k dk;kZpkgh vLr >kysyk

fnlwu vkyk-

,d mnkgj.k lkaxk;pa >kya rj tSu /kekZps vkpk;Z lq'khyequhth Eg.kts Fkksj

larp- R;kauh HkkjrkP;k ckgsj txkr vkiY;k izopukrwu tSu lekt la?kfVr dsyk-

R;kauk Qkj Qkj lUeku fnyk tkr vls- ijarq R;kaP;kuarj R;kapa dke viqjap jkfgya-

R;kauh HkkjrkP;k ckgsj iw.kZ txkrY;k osxosxGîkk ns'kkaP;k ikWfylh esdji;±r tkÅu

vk;q";kpa egÙo iVowu lkafxrya- laiw.kZ tSu lekt la?kfVr dsyk- gh O;Drh egku

vlwugh R;kaps fopkj] R;kapa dk;Z iq<s us.kkjk okjlnkj uOgrk- rqyuk Eg.kwu uOgs rj

okLro izlax Eg.kwu gh mnkgj.ka ekÖ;k MksGîkkaleksj gksrh- v’kh vtwugh mnkgj.k nsrk

227

;srhy- eh ;k lokZrwu vuqHko ?ksÅu vR;ar ckjdkbZus fopkj dsyk vkf.k ek>k

mRrjkf/kdkjh Eg.kwu izQqYy ikj[k gs uko fuf'pr dsya vkf.k rs tkghjgh dsya-

izQqYy ewGpk fonHkkZryk] ukxiwjpk- ?kjke/;s rs ikp HkkÅ o vkbZ- R;kaps

oMhy rks ygku vlrkukp xsys- izQqYy lok±r eksBk- Eg.kwu ?kjkph tckcnkjh

R;kP;koj- ek>h vkf.k R;kph HksV >kyh vkf.k R;kuarj R;kus Lor%pk pkyw vlysyk

O;olk; Hkkokaoj lksioyk vkf.k ekÖ;kcjkscj chts,lP;k dk;kZyk okgwu ?ksrya- gs

vfr'k; dBh.k dke R;kua dsya- O;olk;kpk R;kx dj.ka gs lksia ukgh- ?kjkrY;kauk rs

letkowu lkax.ka] xjt] {kerk vlwugh O;olk; u dj.ka Eg.kts fnO;kus Lor% tGwu

nqlÚ;kyk mtsM ns.;klkj[ka! brdk R;kpk R;kx eyk eksBk okVrks- okVra] eh funku

ek>k O;olk; iw.kZ dsY;koj ex lkekftd dk;kZyk lq#okr dsyh- ekÖ;k LoIuklkBh]

/;s; iw.kZ dj.;klkBh eh dke djrks;- i.k rs LoIu eqGkrwu R;kpa ulrkuk Lor%e/;s

pkaxyk O;olk; dj.;kph {kerk vlwugh rks ekÖ;klkBh] lektklkBh dke djhr

vkgs- eyk [kjap R;kP;k ;k Hkkouspa fo'ks"k okVra-

tSu /kekZph nh{kk vusd t.k ?ksrkr- R;kr lqf'kf{kr] Jhear O;Drhgh

vlrkr- i.k ,dnk nh{kk ?ksryh dh ?kjnkj] ck;dkeqya] laiRrh lxGîkkpk R;kx

djkok ykxrks- tSu lektkr vls lqekjs rsjk gtkj lk/kqlar vkgsr- R;kauh /kekZlkBh

vlk R;kx dsysyk vkgs- R;k vFkkZus izQqYy ikj[kuk lar Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh- ijarq

eyk rj okVra] rs ,[kk|k larkis{kkgh eksBs vkgsr- lkekftd dk;kZlkBh R;kaP;k

dqVqackyk >G lkslkoh ykxr vlwugh R;kauh Lohdkjysya dke] dsysyk R;kx Qkj eksBk

vkgs- R;kauk uDdhp ijes'ojkps vk'khokZn ykHkrhy] R;kapa thou lRdkj.kh ykxsy-

'ksoVh dk; rj ej.k vVG vlra] dks.k fdrh txyk ;kis{kk dlk txyk gs egÙokpa

vkgs- R;kaP;k ;k dekZpa QG R;kP;k iq<hy fi<Ókkaukgh feGsyp-

eh izQqYy ikj[kuk ek>k chts,lpk okjlnkj Eg.kwu ,dne ?kksf"kr dsya

vla ek= ukgh- 1992 iklwu eh R;kapa fujh{k.k djhr vkyks;- rs ewGps ukxiwjps

Eg.kwu lq#okrhyk R;kaph ukxiwj chts,lP;k dk;Zdkfj.khpk lnL; Eg.kwu fuoM dsyh-

uarj 'kgj v/;{k] ex fonHkkZpk] R;kuarj egkjk"Vªkpk v/;{k] R;kuarj jk"Vªh;

228

dk;Zdkfj.khr] uarj jk"Vªh; lfpo vkf.k R;kuarj jk"Vªh; egklfpo] chts,lps

foÜoLr Eg.kwu use.kwd dsyh- RlqukehuarjP;k O;oLFkkiuklkBh rs ,d o"kZ vanekuyk

gksrs- v'kk loZ Hkwfedk] tckcnkÚ;k R;kauh vR;ar leFkZi.ks lkaHkkGY;k-

2005 iklwu rs iq.;ke/;s LFkkf;d >kys- ;k lxGîkk dkGkr rs lrr

izR;sd {k.k ekÖ;kcjkscj gksrs- vxnh 'oklkizek.ks! O;kid n`f"Vdksukrwu dla dke

djkoa] /kksj.ka d'kh vk[kkohr] d'kh vlkohr R;ko:u fu.kZ; dls ?;kosr gs eh R;kauk

f'kdor xsyks- R;kp osGh ?ksrysys fu.kZ; R;kauk iVrk;r dk] iVys dk gsgh fopkjya-

t.kw eh ?ksrysY;k ;k lxGîkk ijh{kkae/;s rs ikl >kys- ,[kknh ;kstuk dkxnkoj

ekaM.ka] gkrk[kkyh ek.kla usewu rh dk;kZfUor djk;yk f'kdo.ka rla lksia vlra- i.k

,[kk|kyk dkekph n`"Vh ns.ka- /kksj.ka Bjfo.;kph {kerk R;kP;kr fuekZ.k dj.ka ;k

ifjorZukyk osG ykxrks- rs ,dk fnolkr gks.kkja dke ukgh- i.k gs lxGa ekÖ;k

eukizek.ka >kya R;kpk eyk fuf'prp vkuan >kyk- R;kusgh gh tckcnkjh leFkZi.ks

Lohdkjyh-**

'kkafrykythauh okjlnkjklkBh dsysyh fopkjkaph ekaM.kh] R;kauh dsysys

iz;Ru] R;klkBh 10 o"kk±iklwu djhr vlysyh r;kjh] okjlnkjkoj iw.kZ tckcnkjh

lksifo.;klkBh vkiY;ktoG Vsªfuax ns.;kP;k lanHkkZrhy ;kstuk o izQqYy ikj[k

;kaP;kcíy 'kkafrykythauk vl.kkjk fo'okl rlap T;k i)rhua laiw.kZ Hkkjrkrhy

yksdkauh izQqYy ikj[k ;kauk 'kkafrykyth ;kaP;kuarjpk eku nsrkr- gs loZ

ikfgY;kuarj gs mnkgj.k Eg.kts ,d vk'p;Zp gksÅ 'kdsy vla eyk okVra- R;keqGs

chts,lps dks.krsgh dke v/kZoV jkg.kkj ukgh o ;keqGs ns'kke/;s ,d Økarh gksÅ

'kdsy ;koj ek>k iw.kZ fo'okl clyk vkgs-

eh fopkj djhr clys dh] 'kkafrykythauh izQqYy ikj[kuk okjlnkj

Bjoya- izQqYy ikj[k dkegh vfr'k; pkaxY;k i)rhus djhr vkgsr- laiw.kZ

Hkkjrkrhy yksdkauh R;kapa dke Lohdkjya vkgs- gs loZ tjh >kya rjh vk.k[kh ,d

iz'u ekÖ;k leksj vuqRrjhr jkfgyk- rks Eg.kts la?kVuspk gks.kkj [kpZ- T;k la?kVusr

500 is{kk tkLr yksd dkekyk vkgsr] ns'kHkjkph O;kIrh] v|;kor dk;kZy;] loZ

229

rkaf=d lqfo/kk vkgsr] v'kk osGh la?kVuspk tks dkgh eksBk [kpZ gksrks rks 'kkafrykyth

,dVs djrkr- ijarq okjlnkj useY;kuarj gk [kpZ dlk dsyk tk.kkj\ ;k iz'ukpk

myxMk >kysyk uOgrk- uSlfxZd vkiÙkhrhy iquoZlukf'kok; 'kkafrykyth

dks.kkdMwugh iSls ?ksr ukghr- ;kpap eyk vk'p;Z okVr gksra- Eg.kwu eh R;kauk iz'u

fopkjyk dh] vki.k brjkadMwu ns.kxh Eg.kwu iSlk dk Lohdkjr ukgh\ rlsp ;k iq<hy

dkGkr tj vki.k izQqYy ikj[k ;kauk okjlnkj useysya vkgs] rj la?kVuk dqBi;±r

pky.kkj\ R;kojgh R;kauh lek/kkudkjd mRrjs fnyh rh v'kh] ^^eh lektkdMwu iSlk

Lohdkjr ukgh- dkj.k ts dke eh Bjoya vkgs rs [kwi nwjojP;k dkGki;±r pky.kkja

xq.koRrkiw.kZ dke vkgs] R;klkBh tkLr iSls ykx.kkj vkgsr- ekÖ;k ;k LoIuiwrhZlkBh

eh brjkadMwu dk iSlk ?;kok\ brjkauh iSls fnys rj eyk ekÖ;k vis{ksizek.ks dke ukgh

djrk ;s.kkj- ,d f=dkykckf/kr lR; vkgs] rs Eg.kts iSls ns.kkÚ;kyk iw.kZi.ks R;k

iS'kkP;k fofu;ksxkcíy iz'u fopkj.;kpk vf/kdkj vkgs vkf.k rks vxnh LokHkkfod

vkgs] [kjk vkgs- eh tj dks.kR;k laLFksyk iSls fnys rj eykgh vlk iz'u fopkjkoklk

uDdhp okVsy-

R;keqGs brjkapk iSlk ?ksrY;koj R;kaP;k iz'ukauk mRrjs |koh ykxrhy- eyk

R;kr osG ?kkyok;pk ukgh- eyk xq.koRrkiw.kZ dke djk;pa vkgs- R;klkBh eyk Js"B

xq.koRrsph O;Drh usekoh ykxsy- vxnh fryk ,d yk[k #i;s ixkj |kok ykxyk rjh

eh R;kr rMtksM d: 'kd.kkj ukgh- fdaok R;k,soth ngk gtkj ixkjkoj 10 O;Drh

usek vlk dq.kh lYyk fnyk rj R;kaP;k ;k v'kk ekufldrseqGs dnkfpr rkfÙod

oknfookn gksÅ 'kdrhy- dkj.k v'kkeqGs eksBh dkea gksr ukghr- NksVh dkea gksrkr-

eyk eksBa dke djk;pa vkgs- ekÖ;k ;kstukaps ts ykHkkFkhZ vkgsr R;kaP;kdMwu eh tj

iSls ?ksrys rj rs lkekftd dke dla Bjsy\

vFkkZr lkekftd dke dj.kkÚ;kacíy eyk vknj vkgs- ijarq lkekftd dke

lektklkBhp vkf.k foukewY; vlkoa vla eyk okVra- lxGîkkr egÙokpa mRrj

|k;pa >kY;kl rs eh vla nsbZu dh] eh ts dke djrks;] rs jk"Vªh; iz'u

lksMfo.;klkBh- R;klkBh iz;Ru djrks;] R;kps iz;ksx djrks;- gs iz;ksx djrkuk tks

230

[kpZ ;srks rks dj.;kph {kerk ekÖ;kdMs vkgs- vkf.k gk [kpZ lq#okrhyk gksbZy- Jegh

[kwi ?;kos ykxrhy- i.k rs iz;ksx T;k osGh fl) gksrhy] ;'kLoh Bjrhy ¼dkgh

vkRrk Bjrkgsr½ rsOgk ljdkj rs Lohdkjsy vkf.k rqepa dke txHkj iljysya vlsy

rsOgk [kpZ dsysY;k iS'kkis{kk lek/kku vf/kd feGsy-

ekÖ;kuarjgh gs dke vlap pkyw jkghy ;klkBh eh dkekph ,d i)r

Bjowu Bsoyh vkgs- rh i)r veykr vk.k.;klkBh ,d okjlgh fuf'pr dsyk;-

R;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k iS'kkphgh dkgh o"kk±lkBh ;kstuk dsyh vkgs- eh ts vkrk 2012

e/;s dke djhr vkgs R;kP;k iw.kZ ;'kfLorslkBh vtwu fdeku 7&8 o"k± tkoh

ykxrhy- Eg.kts 2019 rs 2021 ;k njE;kupk dkG gk chts,lpk iw.kkZFkkZua ,d

fu.kkZ;d VIik ¼VfuZax ikWbZUV½ Bj.kkj vkgs] vla eh vkRefo'oklkus lkaxw bfPNrks-

gs lxGa ek>a dke ekÖ;k dqVaqckP;k ikBcGkojp eh d: 'kdrks;- eh

dqVaqckyk ?ksÅu lxGa tx fQ:u vkyks- eyk dk<kO;k ykx.kkÚ;k dtkZcíy] eh

djhr vlysY;k [kpkZcíy ekÖ;k ck;dks&eqykauh d/khgh vk{ksi ?ksryk ukgh- vlk

[kpZ dk djrk v'kh rØkj vizR;{ki.ksgh d/kh dsyh ukgh- eyk vfr'k; xq.kh v'kh

iRuh feGkyh- ;kcíy eyk Qkj lek/kku okVra- ek>k fpMfpMk LoHkko cny.;kpk

frus iz;Ru dsyk- eyk lkaHkkGwu ?ksrya- frus ekÖ;klkBh] lxGîkkalkBhp brda dkgh

dsya vkgs dh frP;ktkxh nqljh dks.khgh vlrh rj d: 'kdyh ulrh-

ek>k eqyxk lehj vkf.k lksukyh rlap lwu usgk vkf.k tkobZ oSHko vfr'k;

pkaxys vkgsr- eqya vkiyh vlrkr i.k pkaxyh lwu vkf.k pkaxyk tkobZ feG.ka

egÙokpa vlra- ukroaMagh xq.kh vkgsr- R;kaP;koj laLdkjgh pkaxys vkgsr- eksBîkk

ukrokyk eksBsi.kh nqlja dkgh u gksrk ^'kkafryky eqFFkk* Ogk;pa vkgs! ekÖ;k ifjokjkr

eh lq[kh vkgs vkf.k ifjokjgh lq[kh vkgs-

ek>h eqyxh lksukyh pksjfM;k o lwu usgk eqFFkk ;k Hkkjrh; tSu la?kVusoj

fo'oLr Eg.kwu vkgsr- R;kauh la?kVusP;k dkekr izQqYycjkscj lkrR;kus dke

dj.;kph ekxhy o"kkZiklwu lq#okr dsyh vkgs- ;sFkwu iq<sgh R;k la?kVusr fgfjjhus Hkkx

?ksrhy vlk eyk fo'okl vkgs-

231

’kS{kf.kd {ks=kr vkewykxz ifjorZu dj.;kP;k n`"Vhus tlk xsY;k 25 o"kk±r

dks.krkgh [kaM iMyk ukgh] rlk iq<hy dkGkrgh dks.krkgh [kaM iM.kkj ukgh- gs dk;Z

tksekus iq<s lq: jkghy v'kh ;kstuk r;kj dj.;kr vkyh vlwu R;k n`"Vhus izR;sd

ikÅy fopkjiwoZd mpyys tkr vkgs- ifjorZukpa dke lksia ukgh- dnkfpr ekÖ;k

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234