uae e-transaction conference
TRANSCRIPT
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“CopyrightandInnovationintheDigitalAge:TheUnitedArabEmirates”
ProfessorBrianFitzgeraldandMrRamiOlwanE‐commerceandE‐GovernanceConference
Abu‐Dhabi,UnitedArabEmirates19‐20May2009
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Outline
• Introduction
• UAECopyrightLawfundamentals
• Issuestoconsider
• Summary
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Introduction
• Overthelasttenyearswehaveseenenormouschangeinthewayweconstructprocessanddisseminateinformationforthepurposessuchaseducation,research,business,governanceandsocialdialogue.
• Itisnowpossibletocommunicateastory,messageorimageintheblinkofaneyetoaworldwideaudienceatverylittlecost.Thiscapacityhasbeenextendedinrecenttimesbythedevelopmentofbroadbandnetworksthatallowrichtextaudioandvisualmaterialtobecommunicatedatrapidspeedsandthirdgenerationmobiletechnologiesthatallowcommunicationfromanylocation.
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Web2.0
• Alongwiththisgrowthincapacityoursocialpracticeshavealsoadaptedtothenewinformationenvironment.Collaborative,peerandusergeneratedknowledgeconstructionprojectslikeWikipedia,anonlineencyclopaediacreatedbyitsthousandsofusers,onlinesocialcommunitieslikeflickrausergeneratedonlinephotolibrarycontainingmillionsofphotosandsocialnetworkingplaceslikeMySpaceandFacebookareprominentexamples.ThesenewdevelopmentshavebeenunderpinnedbytheevolutionoftheSemanticWeb(makingtheWebamoredynamicinformationnetworkthroughbettermanagementandprocessingofmetadata)andWeb2.0(coveringinpartthegrowthofrichuserledapplications).
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Importanceofcopyrightlaw
• However,muchofthedigitalcontentweaccessintheInternetworldissubjecttocopyrightandisownedbyaparticularpersonorcompany
• While,thehearrivalofthedigitaltechnologiesprovidesgreatopportunitiesfordevelopingcountriestoaccess,understand,acquire,andreuseinformation.
• Copyrightprotectsawiderangeoftools,whicharevitaltotheeducation,health,technicalliteracyanddevelopmentofdevelopingcountries.
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Copyrightandinnovation:“theneedofinformationflow”
• Thedevelopmentoftheinternetandelectroniccommercehasmadepeoplemoreawareoftheimportanceofcopyrighttoinnovationpolicy.
• Inthedigitalenvironmenteveryinformationflowispotentiallyacopyrightinfringement–areproductionoracommunicationtothepublic.
• Toallowspaceforinnovationtooccurwehavetooptimisetheabilityforinformationflowswhilestillprovidingincentivesforpeopletocreate.
• Copyrightlawshouldpromoteinformationflows.• Openinnovation
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Useofdigitaltechnologies
• TheUAEhasbeenattheforefrontwhenitcomestotheuseofdigitaltechnologiesintheMiddleEast.
• WewillconsiderhowtheUAECopyrightLawfitsthechallengesofthedigitalageandinparticularhowitmightbeimprovedtopromotethepossibilitiesforinnovation.
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CopyrightLawfundamentals
• Copyrightlawprotectstheexpressionofideasandprovidescopyrightownerswith(economicorfinancial)rightstoamongstotherthingscontrolthereproductionandcommunicationtothepublicofcopyrightsubjectmatter.
• Copyrightsubjectmatterisoftendividedintotwocategories:copyrightandrelatedorneighbouringrights.
• TheCopyrightLawalsoprovidesauthorswiththemoralrightsofintegrityandattribution(paternity)andwiththeadditionalrightstodecidetofirstpublishthework(divulgation)andtowithdrawtheworkfromcirculationifseriousreasonsjustifyingsuchhaveoccurred(retraction)
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Copyrightlawfundamentals
• Thetermofprotectionforbooksandmusicalcompositionwilllastforthelifeoftheauthorplusfiftyyears.
• Exclusiveeconomicorfinancialrightsofthecopyrightownerarenormallysubjecttolimitationsandexceptions.Theselimitationswillusuallypermitvarioususesofcopyrightmaterialfornocostandwithoutthepermissionofthecopyrightownerindefinedcircumstances.
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Theadequacyofcurrentlimitationsandexceptions
• TheUAEcopyrightlawhasanumberoflimitationsandexceptionsasoutlinedinarticles22and24.
• Theselimitationsarecriticaltoavibranteducation,researchandinnovationsystem.
• Aretheyfitthedigitalenvironment?
• IftheUAEsignsaFTAwiththeU.Sitshouldtakethebenefitofthefairusedoctrine.
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Intermediaryliability
• TheUAEcopyrightlawcontainsnoprovisiondealingexpresslywithsecondaryliability.
• TheUAEcopyrightlawcontainsnosafeharbourprovisionsdesignedtoimmuniseintermediariesfromliabilityforcopyrightdamages.
• TheUAEneedstoconsiderlegislatingsafeharbourprovisionsthatwillsensiblyprotectintermediariesespeciallyifitwantstocreateindustriesprovidinginformationservices.
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Termextension
• TermextensionhasoccurredinanumberofArabcountriesthathavesignedanFTAwiththeUSincludingBahrain,MoroccoandOman
• ThereisnosensibleeconomicreasonforextendingthetermofcopyrightinanycountryandUAEshouldbewaryofextending
copyrightterm
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Anti‐circumventionlaw
• CurrentlytheUAElawdoesnotincludeprovisionsthatregulatethesaleanddistributionofdevicesthatcircumventtechnologicalprotectionmeasuresordealingwiththeactofcircumventingsuchmeasures.
• ItiscriticallyimportantfortheUAEtoincludeappropriateexceptionsinanyproposedanti‐circumventionprovisions.
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Thepromotionofvoluntarymechanisms
• Thetaskofmakingcopyrightlawmoresuitableforthedigitalagewill‐asoutlined‐aboveinvolvelookingatandreformingtheprovisionsofthecopyrightlaw.
• Howevermanypeoplehaverealisedthatamoreimmediaterouteistotryandusethecopyrightsystemasitcurrentlyexistsalongwithvoluntarymechanismstoimprovethesituation.TheCreativeCommonsandFreeandOpenSourceSoftwareprojectsarekeyexamplesofthis.
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Educationandresearch
• Theeducationandresearchsectorisvitaltothedevelopmentofallcountries.
• UAEwillneedsensiblepoliciesonthedevelopmentofInternetbasedresourcesthatitsresearcherscanbuildandaccessinordertostimulateinnovation.
• Itwillneedtolookatandpromote:‐thedevelopmentofuniversityandgovernmentrepositoriesforresearchdata
andpublications‐incentivesforresearcherstosharetheirresearchontheInternetand
publishingagreementsthatpermitthistohappen‐datamanagementplans‐conditionsonresearchfundingthatpromoteopenaccesstoresearch.‐educationonhowtocreateopenlicensedmaterialsandhowtofindanutilise
suchmaterials
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Educationandresearch
• Implementcopyrightprovisionson:
‐ orphanworks
‐ digitalpreservation
‐ libraryaccess,managementandlending‐ educationaluseandreusemoregenerally
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AccesstoGovernmentmaterial
• Article3oftheUAECopyrightLawprovidesthatofficialdocumentsarenotprotectedhowevertheselectionandarrangementofsuchmaterialsifitinvolvesinnovationmaybeprotected.
• Itisnotclearwhetherofficialdocumentsincludegovernmentreportsorresearchgenerallyandthisshouldbeclarified.
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Summary• Ineverycountrycopyrightlawandnotjustpatentlawshouldbe
seenasakeyingredientoftheinnovationsystem.Itisfundamentaltothegenerationandtransferofknowledge.
• TheUAEneedstobemindfuloftheimportanceofinformationflowinthemoderneconomy.
• Itneedstobealerttothefactthatoverlyrestrictivecopyrightlawwillslowdowndevelopmentandinnovationwhereascopyrightlawthatcanharnessthepowerofthetechnologywillprovideacompetitiveadvantage.
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ThankYou!
CRICOS No. 00213J