typography - history, basics and trends
TRANSCRIPT
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TYPOGRAPHY
History, Basics and Trends
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DEFINITION
• The art, craft, or process of composing type
• It adds emotion to communication
• Type is the written language
• Also called text
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DIFFERENT FROM
CALLIGRAPHY
• Highly decorative handwriting
• The art of writing beautifully
• Also called chirography
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HISTORY
Since man did not begin to write with type, but rather
the chisel, brush, and pen, it is the study of handwriting,
that provides us with the basis for creating type
designs.
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PICTURE WRITING
• Pictographs
• Ideographs
• Hieroglyphics
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PICTOGRAPHS
• First type of messages in history records
• a series of pictures that told a story
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IDEOGRAPHS
A sign or symbol that directly represents a concept,
idea, or thing rather than a word or set of words for it
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HIEROGLYPHICS
Picture or symbol representing an object, a concept, or a
sound.
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WRITING WITH LETTERS
• Greek
• Phoenicians
• Roman
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GREEK
• Phaistos Disc
• dates between 1850 and 1600 BC
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PHOENICIANS
• 1200 BC
• Phoenicians gained independence from the Egyptians
• develop their own alphabet – the first to be composed
exclusively of letters
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ROMAN
• Further developed the alphabet by using 23 letters
from the Etruscans who based their language on
the Greek.
• Contributed short finishing strokes at the end of
letters known as serifs
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CAROLINE MINUSCULE
• 732
• Ordered by Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
• System of writing
• Lowercase letters
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JOHANNES GUTTENBERG
• 1440
• Invented movable type and printing press
• Invented first typeface – Gothic Black letter
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NICHOLAS JENSON
• 1450
• created the next font which was the first roman
typeface.
• known for being more light weight and used in many
formal occasions
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ALDUS MANUTIUS AND
FRANCESCO GRIFFO
• 1500
• Invented the concept of pocket books
• Developed Italic typeface
• Influenced by the cursive handwriting popular in
Italy
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PICA
• 1750
• The first measurement system for typeface
• created by Pierre Fournier le Jeune.
• The system measures font size in "picas"
• Still used today
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JOHN BASKERVILLE
• 1757, creates his own font, Baskerville
• The first to take into consideration leading, margins
and strokes.
• Created a variety of thick and thin strokes and
adjustable width and leading.
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LORD STANHOPE
• Created the first steam powered printing press
• 480 pages per hour
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VICTOR LARDEN
• 1932
• Created Times New Roman
• For British newspaper, The Times.
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EDUARD HOFFMANN
• 1957
• Invented Helvetica
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JOEL KADEN AND TONY
STAN
• 1974
• Invented the typewriter
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TYPOGRAPHYBASICS
• Typeface
• Font
• Type families
• Character parts
• Format
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TYPEFACE
• A group of characters, such as letters, numbers,
and punctuation, that share a common design or
style
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Times New Roman
Arial
HelveticaCourier
Verdana
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FONT
• The means by which typefaces are displayed or
presented.
• particular size, weight and style of a typeface.
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TYPE FAMILIES
• The different options available within a font
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Ariel
Ariel Bold
Ariel Italic
Ariel NarrowAriel Black
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CHARACTER PARTS
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FONT FEATURES
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SERIF FONTS
• Font with small lines called serif at the end of the
various strokes of a character
• Print media
• Easier to read on paper
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Times New Roman
CenturyPalatinoGaramond
Bodon i
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SANS SERIF FONTS
• Font without serif
• Digital Media
• Easier to read on screen
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TahomaAriel
Berlin SansFranklin Gothic
Calibri
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KERNING
• Inter-character spacing
Kernin
g
Kerning
Unkerned type
Kerned type
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LEADING
• Line spacing
• Space between lines can be expanded or tightened
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Leading refers to the distance
between lines of text. This
distance, measured in points,
is measured from one
baseline to the next.
Leading refers to the distance
between lines of text. This
distance, measured in points,
is measured from one
baseline to the next.
Leading refers to the distance
between lines of text. This
distance, measured in points, is
measured from one baseline to
the next.
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TRACKING
• Word spacing
• Used to make type fit a required space without
altering the type size or line spacing
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Used to make type fit a required space
without altering the type size o r line
spacing
Used to make type fit a
required space without
altering the type size or
line spacing
Used to make type fit a required
space without altering the type
size or line spacing
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TYPOGRAPHYTRENDS
• Handwritten fonts
• Flat Design Typography
• Mix & Match Typography
• Large Type
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The End