types of yarns & application& properties
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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TYPES OF YARNS PROPERTIES
END APPLICATIONNATIONAL INSITUTE OF FASHIION TECHONOLOGY
(CHENNAI)Tina dhingra
MFTECH
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JUTE
• 2ply• S Twist• Jute is also called "the golden fiber" for its color
and high cash value.• It falls into the BAST FIBRE category • It is the second most important vegetable fiber
after cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and availability.
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Length 1.5-4mm
Diameter 0.015-0.020mm
Moisture Regain(MR%) 13.75%
Resiliency BAD
COLOR white, off-white, yellow, brown, grey, golden
Strength(Tenacity) 3-4 gm/denier
Elongation 1.7% at the break
Physical Properties
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Physical Properties
Dimensional Stability Good
Abrasion Resistance Average
Effect of light and heat Average
Effect of Micro organism Good(better than cotton)
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BURNING TEST FOR JUTE
In Flame Ignites immediately
Removed From Flame Continues to burn, doesn’t shrink from flame
Odor Burning paper or wood
Ash Light colored
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• ADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS• Under stress jute extends only 0.5% to its stable
form and so gives wonderful dimensional stability. • Protecting Environment• The hairy surface of jute fabric gives it a capacity
to grip• DISADVANTAGES OF JUTE FIBERS• The crease resistance of Jute is very low.• Drape Property is not good enough.• Create Shade effect and becomes yellowish if
sunlight is used.• If Jute is wetted it lose it’s strength
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END-USES OF JUTE GOODS
• Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds of agricultural products, minerals, fertilizer, cement
• Wool packs and cotton bales
• Wrapping materials
• Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum
• Cordage and twines
• Webbing and fabric to cover inner springs in auto seats and upholster furniture
• Cargo separator in ship
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END-USES OF JUTE GOODS
• Brattice cloth for mine ventilation and partition• Filling material in cable• Roofing and floor covering apparel• Footwear lining• Wall covering and furnishing fabric• Fashion accessories• Jute geo-textile for erosion control and many more.
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END APPLICATIONS
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END APPLICATIONS
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ACRYLIC
• 2ply • S Twist• Acrylic is also called acrilan fabric• Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a
polymer (polyacrylonitrile) • DuPont created the first acrylic fibers in 1941
and trademarked them under the name Orlon.
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BURNING TEST FOR ACRYLIC
In Flame Burns QuicklyRemoved From Flame Continues To Melt
Odor Acidic Odor
Ash Plastic Looking Bead
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIESTenacity 2-4.2 gm/denDensity 1.16 gm/cc
Elongation at break 20 to 55%
Elasticity GoodMoisture Regain(MR%) 1-2.5%
Resiliency Good
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Melting point 230°C
Ability to protest friction Good
Color White or grey whiteLight reflection ability Good
Ability to protest heat It can protest up to 150°C temperature
Lusture Bright to light
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• ADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER
• They are light weight but have more bulk. • They are odor and mildew resistant too• Cleans easily.• A transparency rate of 93% makes acrylic the
clearest material known.
• DISADVANTAGES OF ACRYLIC FIBER• It is more expensive than glass.• If exposed to a direct flame it will melt and
eventually burn.
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END-USES OF ACRYLICFOR CLOTHING: Sweaters, Women's and Children's Wear, Sports Wear, Socks, Knitted Underwear, Pajamas, Gloves, etc
FOR HOME FURNISHINGS AND BEDDING: Carpets, A Variety of Rugs, Upholstery, Cushions, Blankets, Pile Sheets, etc.
FOR INDUSTRIAL USES: Felts for Paper Making, Filter Cloth, Alternative Asbestos, Tents, Sheet, etc.
FOR OTHER USES: Rag Doll, Toys, Auxiliary Tapes for Bags, Braids, Cloth for Bags, Wigs, etc.
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END-USES OF ACRYLIC
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END-USES OF ACRYLIC
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NYLON
• Nylon with Polythene• Braided yarn• Nylon is a generic designation for a family of
synthetic polymers known generically as aliphatic polyamides
• Nylon was intended to be a synthetic replacement for silk It replaced silk in military applications such as parachutes and flak vests, and was used in many types of vehicle tires
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIESTenacity 6.0-8.5 gm/den
Density 1.14 gm/ccElongation at break 15-45%
Elasticity Very good
Moisture Regain(MR%) 3.5-5%
Resiliency Good
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Melting point 215°C
Ability to protest friction Excellent
Color White
Light reflection ability Not good
Ability to protect heat Upto 150°C
Lusture Bright to light
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BURNING TEST FOR NYLON
In Flame Melts slowly
Removed From Flame Self extinguishesOdor Unidentified odor
Ash Plastic bead
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• ADVANTAGES• High elongation • Excellent abrasion resistance • Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set) • High resistance to: insects, fungi and animals,
molds, mildew, rot, many chemicals • DISADVANTAGES• Attacked by oxidizing agents • High shrinkage in molded sections • environmental problems regarding its lack of being
biodegradable
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END USES OF NYLON• Women’s hosiery• Lingerie• Active sportswear• Soft floor coverings• Carpeting• Industrial uses include: Tire cord, machine
parts, such as gears and bearings • Automotive uses: Belts, Ropes, Parachute fabric
– rip-stop nylon, intake manifolds, gas (petrol) tanks
• carpet fiber
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END USES OF NYLON• fishing lines • footwear • pantyhose • Wind pants • toothbrush bristles • Velcro • airbag fiber • slings and rope used in climbing gear and
slack lining
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END APPLICATIONS
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SPANDEX (LYCRA)
• Monofilament yarn• Spandex or elastane or elastomeric fiber is a
synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity.
• The name "spandex" is an anagram of the word "expands". It is the preferred name in North America; in continental Europe it is referred to by variants of "elastane",
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIESTenacity 0.7 gm/den
Density: 1.21-1.35 gm/cc
Elongation at break 400-700%
Elasticity Excellent
Moisture Regain(MR%) 0.6%
Resiliency Very Good
Ability to protest friction Excellent
Color White or near white
Ability to protest heat Not good
Lusture Less bright
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BURNING TEST OF SPANDEX
In Flame Melts slowly
Removed From Flame Self extinguishing
Odor Acidic
Ash Plastic bead
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ADVANTAGES OF LYCRA• IT IS USED IN CLOTHING BECAUSE ITS LIGHTWEIGHT,
COMFORTABLE, AND BREATHABLE.• DUE TO ITS FITTING NATURE IT IS OFTEN USED IN
WOMEN'S CLOTHING RATHER THAN IN MEN'S CLOTHING.
• IT DRIES QUICKLY, MOISTURE WICKING AND IT IS EASY TO DYE.
• IT HAS BACTERIA RESISTANT NATURE, BLOCKS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS AND SO IT IS USED IN GARMENTS.
• GARMENTS THAT ARE MADE USING LYCRA ARE SOCKS, SWIMWEAR, EXERCISE CLOTHING AND LEGGINGS.
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DISADVANTAGES OF LYCRA
• SINCE IT IS TIGHT-FITTING, NON-CYCLISTS FEEL HARD TO ACCEPT ITS APPEARANCE.
• SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF THIS TIGHT-FITTING IS STILL SLOWLY BEING IMPLEMENTED.
• IF THE LYCRA IS BEING USED AS A BASE FOR GLUING, AS MIGHT BE THE CASE IN A FOAM BODYSUIT, THE GLUE WILL TEND NOT TO SOAK IN THE FIBERS AND YOU WILL NOT GET GOOD ADHERENCE.
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END APPLICATIONS
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COTTON• Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber
that grows in a boll, Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds.• ply- 6• Twist- S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTONColor White, creamy white, bluish white,
yellowish white or grey.
Textile Strength 3.5gm/den.
Elongation at break 5-10%.
Specific Gravity 1.54
Moisture Regain(MR%):
Standard moisture regain is 8.5
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTONElastic Recovery It is inelastic and rigid fiber
Effect of Sunlight gradual loss of strength when cotton is exposed to sunlight and the fiber turns yellow.
Effect of age It shows a small loss of strength when stored carefully
Effect of Heat cotton is severely damaged after few minutes at 240ºC
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BURNING TEST OF COTTONIn Flame Ignites immediately
Removed From Flame Continues to burn
Odor Burning paper or wood
Ash Light ash, blows away
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ADVANTAGES OF COTTON• Environmentally friendly • Durable• SoftDISADVANTAGES OF COTTON• Cotton clothes will begin to fade after a few
years, particularly if left in direct sunlight. • Cotton is not a very weatherproof fabric. If left
outside it is also likely to be damaged by mold and mildew. Man-made fabrics tend to be much tougher, and mold resistant
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END APPLICATION
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THANK YOU!!!