types of transport - chandler unified school · pdf filetextbook reference: 4.10-4.14, the...
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Honors Biology Arizona College Prep
Mrs. Glassmeyer Textbook Reference: 4.10-4.14, The Living
World 7th edition
Cell Transport
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Unit Learning Goal: Student will be able to compare structure & analyze transport of materials into and out of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells by accurately explaining the role of proteins & ATP.
Presentation Learning Goal(s):
1. How are the two types of cell transport associated with energy requirements & concentration gradients?
2. Why is cell transport essential to the maintenance and survival of cells?
Learning Goals
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Review: plasma membrane
Composed of phospholipid bilayer and a mosaic of proteins –Non-polar molecules pass
through the lipid part
–Water soluble molecules must move through proteins
Selectively permeable (semi-permeable) –Allows some substances
in, excludes others
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What’s a Gradient?
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Active vs. Passive Visual
Active Passive
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What is Passive Transport?
No Energy required!
Moves down a concentration gradient
(Particles move from high to low concentration)
Three Types of Passive Transport:
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
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What is Diffusion? Net movement of particles from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration as a result of random molecular motion.
End result Equilibrium
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Example of Diffusion
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What Variables Affect Diffusion?
Degree of concentration gradient
Area of membrane for diffusion – Lipid soluble: oxygen
– Membrane required: Na+, sugar molecules, amino acids
Physical characteristics of cell environment – Temperature
– Pressure
– Electrical Field
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What is Facilitated Diffusion? Diffusion of a particle (ions & polar
molecules) naturally down a concentration gradient using a carrier protein
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What are the Types of Protein Channels?
Open Channel
– Size determines whether molecule moves through
Carrier Proteins
– Surface “carrier” protein carries the molecule across the membrane
– “carrier” protein is specific to molecule
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Example of Facilitated Diffusion
Receptor Mediated Facilitated Diffusion – a protein binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane causing conformational changes of the associated carrier protein which allows the transport to the molecule to the other side of the membrane.
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What is Osmosis?
Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration (down a concentration gradient).
The difference in concentration is caused by the amount of solutes present on either side of a semi-permeable membrane!
Can result in changing volumes on either side of the membrane
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Osmosis
(water moves to balance solution concentrations)
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What is Active Transport? Energy IS required
Particles are being moved AGAINST a concentration gradient (Particles move from low concentration to high concentration)
Three Types of Active Transport:
1. Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
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What are Protein Pumps? • Proteins that carry materials across a membrane
against the concentration gradient
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uses energy, in the form of ATP, to pump three Na+ out of the cell and to pump two K+ into the cell
nearly 1/3 of the energy expended by the body’s cells is given over to driving these pumps
What is the Sodium-Potassium Pump?
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The result of the Na+-K+ pump is to generate a concentration gradient with more Na+ outside of the cell than inside
Cells exploit this gradient in key ways – for the conduction of signals along nerve cells
– for the transportation of important molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient
Why are Sodium-Potassium Pumps Important?
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What is Endocytosis? The inward movement of molecules through a membrane by infolding and pinching off vesicles
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Examples of Endocytosis
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What are the Forms of Endocytosis?
Phagocytosis is endocytosis of particulate (solid) matter
Pinocytosis is endocytosis of liquid matter
Figure 4.22(a) Endocytosis
Figure 4.22(b) Endocytosis
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
(a) Phagocytosis
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
(b) Pinocytosis
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What is Exocytosis? Release of material to the external
environment
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Unit Learning Goal: Student will be able to compare structure & analyze transport of materials into and out of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells by accurately explaining the role of proteins & ATP.
Presentation Learning Goal(s):
1. How are the two types of cell transport associated with energy requirements & concentration gradients?
2. Why is cell transport essential to the maintenance and survival of cells?
Learning Goals
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Study Recommendations
Make sure to write a summary for the cornell notes highlighting key concepts and applications
Review key questions and highlight key words in the notes
Make sure to label anything emphasized in class as a potential T.Q.
Create flashcards for key concepts/vocab