types of references
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Types of references. Haneen badrieh 220104229. 1- extension & intension : in semantics, correlative words that indicate the reference of a term or concept. “intension” indicates the internal content of a term or concept that constitutes its formal definition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Types of references
Haneen badrieh220104229
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1- extension & intension : in semantics, correlative words that indicate the reference of a term or concept.
“intension” indicates the
internal content of a term or concept that constitutes its formal definition.
“extension” indicates its range of applicability by
naming the particular objects
that it denotes
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intension of “ship” as a substantive is “vehicle
for conveyance on water”
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extension
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2- Prototype: an object or referent which is typical of the whole sentence.
Once the meaning differs according to it’s content, it’s
a prototype.
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In Palestine, it’s a source of meat and milk
In India, it’s consider as a god
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3- concrete vs. abstract
Concrete : objects which can be
touched.Dog , door, leaf,
stone
Abstract: invisible objects. Knowledg , reason , problem.
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The concrete objects can be abstract
Key
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Bright Literal Figurative
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4- unique and non-unique :
Unique: when the referring expression has fixed reference.Lack Ontario , the
dead see
Non-Unique: when the referring
expression has verbal reference.
He swam in a lack.
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5- countable and non countable : both of them might be concrete or abstract
*Concrete-countable expressions: items the are separated from one another. E.g. apple , pens.
*abstract - countable expressions : ideas , problems, suggestions .
*Concrete-non countable expressions: three references
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1- substances: ink, toothpaste.
2- numerous particles: sand , rice.
Collective: furniture, jewelry, luggage.
*abstract -non countable expressions : advice, information, beauty .
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6-Generic and non generic:
A dog makes a fine pet.Dogs make fine pet.
A dog is laying in the street.
Dogs are laying in the street.
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7- specific and non specific.
We have a dog.
We would like to have a dog.