Types of RE WallPrepared by: Pratik M Patel (140280743010)ME!eote"# (se$2) %&'&(&E !)ided by : M& !& *a+,aTer$i+olo-yInclusions is a -e+eri" ter$ t#at e+"o$passes all $a+$ade ele$e+ts i+"orporated i+ t#e soil to i$pro.e its be#a.ior& T#e ter$ reinforcement is used only for those inclusions where soil-inclusion stress transfer occurs "o+ti+)o)sly alo+- t#e i+"l)sio+&Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall (M/EW):is a -e+eri" ter$ t#at i+"l)des rei+for"ed soil Reinforced Soil Slopes (R//)are a for$ of rei+for"ed soil t#at i+"orporate pla+ar rei+for"i+- ele$e+ts i+ "o+str)"ted eart#sloped str)"t)res 0it# fa"e i+"li+atio+s of less t#a+ 70 de-rees&Geo-synthetics is a -e+eri" ter$ t#at e+"o$passes 1e2ible poly$eri" $aterials )sed i+ -eote"#+i"al e+-i+eeri+- s)"# as -eote2tiles3 -eo$e$bra+es3 -eo+ets3 a+d -eo-rids&Facing is a "o$po+e+t of t#e rei+for"ed soil syste$ )sed to pre.e+t t#e soil fro$ ra.eli+- o)t bet0ee+ t#e ro0s of rei+for"e$e+t& (o$$o+ fa"i+-s i+"l)de pre"ast "o+"rete pa+els3 dry "ast $od)lar blo"ks3 $etal s#eets a+d plates3 -abio+s3 0elded 0ire $es#3s#ot"rete30ood la--i+- a+d pa+els3a+d 0rapped s#eets of -eosy+t#eti"s&Retained backfll is t#e 4ll $aterial lo"ated bet0ee+ t#e $e"#a+i"ally stabili,ed soil $ass a+d t#e +at)ral soil&5d.a+ta-es6se si$ple a+d rapid "o+str)"tio+ pro"ed)res a+d do +ot re7)ire lar-e"o+str)"tio+ e7)ip$e+t&'o +ot re7)ire e2perie+"ed "rafts$e+ 0it# spe"ial skills for "o+str)"tio+&Re7)ire less site preparatio+ t#a+ ot#er alter+ati.es&8eed less spa"e i+ fro+t of t#e str)"t)re for "o+str)"tio+ operatio+s&Red)"e ri-#tof0ay a"7)isitio+&'o +ot +eed ri-id3 )+yieldi+- fo)+datio+ s)pport be"a)se M/E str)"t)res aretolera+t to defor$atio+s& 5re "ost e9e"ti.e&5re te"#+i"ally feasible to #ei-#ts i+ e2"ess of 2: $ (80 ft)&'isad.a+ta-esRe7)ire a relati.ely lar-e spa"e be#i+d t#e 0all or o)t0ard fa"e to obtai+ e+o)-#0all 0idt# for i+ter+al a+d e2ter+al stability&M/EW re7)ire sele"t -ra+)lar 4ll& (5t sites 0#ere t#ere is a la"k of -ra+)lar soils3t#e "ost of i$porti+- s)itable 4ll $aterial $ay re+der t#e syste$ )+e"o+o$i"al)&Re7)ire$e+ts for R// are typi"ally less restri"ti.e&/)itable desi-+ "riteria are re7)ired to address "orrosio+ of steel rei+for"i+-ele$e+ts3 deterioratio+ of "ertai+ types of e2posed fa"i+- ele$e+ts s)"# as-eosy+t#eti"s by )ltra .iolet rays3 a+d pote+tial de-radatio+ of poly$errei+for"e$e+t i+ t#e -ro)+d&/i+"e desi-+ a+d "o+str)"tio+ pra"ti"e of all rei+for"ed syste$s are still e.ol.i+-3spe"i4"atio+s a+d "o+tra"ti+- pra"ti"es #a.e +ot bee+ f)lly sta+dardi,ed3espe"ially for R//&T#e desi-+ of soilrei+for"ed syste$s ofte+ re7)ires a s#ared desi-+ respo+sibilitybet0ee+ $aterial s)ppliers a+d o0+ers a+d -reater i+p)t fro$ a-e+"ies-eote"#+i"al spe"ialists i+ a do$ai+ ofte+ do$i+ated by str)"t)ral e+-i+eers&Types of syste$MSE systes can be described by the Rei+for"e$e+t -eo$etry/tress tra+sfer $e"#a+is$Rei+for"e$e+t $aterial E2te+sibility of t#e rei+for"e$e+t $aterialType of fa"i+- "o++e"tio+s&Rei+for"e$e+t !eo$etry!inear unidirectional" /trips3 i+"l)di+- s$oot# or ribbed steel strips3 or "oated -eosy+t#eti" strips o.er a load"arryi+- 4beroposite unidirectional" !rids or bar $ats "#ara"teri,ed by -rid spa"i+- -reater t#a+ 1:0 $$ (; i+"#es)&$lanar bidirectional" (o+ti+)o)s s#eets of -eosy+t#eti"s3 0elded 0ire $es#3 a+d 0o.e+ 0ire $es#& T#e $es# is "#ara"teri,ed by ele$e+t spa"i+- of less t#a+ 1:0$$ (; i+"#es)&Rei+for"e$e+t MaterialMetallic reinforceents" Typi"ally of $ild steel& T#e steel is )s)ally -al.a+i,ed or $ay be epo2y "oated&%onetallic reinforceents" !e+erally poly$eri" $aterials "o+sisti+- of polypropyle+e3 polyet#yle+e3 or polyester&Rei+for"e$e+t E2te+sibilityIn-e&tensible: T#e defor$atio+ of t#e rei+for"e$e+t at fail)re is $)"# less t#a+ t#e defor$ability of t#e soil&Rei+for"e$e+t t#at s)stai+s t#e desi-+ loads at strai+s less t#a+ or e7)al to 1