TYPES OF FUELS

Prepared By:Sumit Khachane

MEANING OF FLUES

Fuel is the source of energy that makes an engine or machine function. Gasoline is the fuel used in most automobiles. The wind is the fuel for wind-turbine generators, and for sailing vessels. Uranium is the fuel for atomic powered submarines.

TYPES OF FUELS

Solid

Liquid

Gaseous

SOLID FUELS

Solid fuel refers to various types of solid material that are used as fuel to produce energy and provide heating, usually released through combustion.

Solid fuels include wood (see wood fuel), charcoal, peat, coal, Hexamine fuel tablets, and pellets made from wood (see wood pellets), corn, wheat, rye and other grains.

Solid fuel can be defined as any type of solid material that can be used as a fuel to produce energy and heating. This is predominantly achieved through burning the materials, and the most common types of solid fuel are coal, wood, charcoal and wood pellets.

Coal

Coal is without question the most famous and distinguishable solid fuel. A combustible, sedimentary, organic rock (composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) coal is formed from vegetation, which has been consolidated between other rock strata to form coal seams, and altered by the combined effects of microbial action, pressure and heat over a considerable time period.

Coal is afforded a classification of "rank" which is based on the degree of the original plant material's transformation to carbon. The ranks of coal, from those with the least carbon to those with the most carbon, are:

1. Bituminous – Hard Coal

2. Anthracite – Hard Coal

3. Lignite – Low Rank

4. Sub Bituminous – Low Rank

LIQUID FUEL

An evaporative emissions system component mounted above the fuel tank that prevents liquid gasoline from entering the vent lines. A liquid fuel rocket is one that runs on a fuel in liquid state. The most commonly used fuels are liquid hydrogen and oxygen.

LIQUID/FUEL SEPARATOR An evaporative emissions system component mounted above the fuel tank that prevents liquid gasoline from entering the vent lines.

Liquid gases are mixtures of hydrocarbons (C3-C4) being aside product of crude oil processing.

LPG – Liquid Petroleum GasMajor components of LPG:- propane ( C3H8)- butane (i iso-butane) (C4H10)

GASEOUS FUELSBetween gas prices and alternative fuels, fuel is always on the consumer's mind.

TYPES OF GASEOUS FUELS

With regards to the origin:natural (natural gas, mine gas, liquid gases),synthetic (town gas, coke gas, product of coalgasification, hydrogen)

With regards to the caloric value:high caloric (example: with high methane content,HCV = 39 MJ/m3),low caloric (example: with high nitrogen content,HCV <= 27 MJ/m3).

Classification of gaseous fuels:standards and parameters

Polish standards

• PN-C-04750:2002 Paliwa gazowe• PN-C- 04753:2002 Wymagania dla gazu ziemnego

Classifying parameters

• Upper caloric value, J/m3• Upper Wobbe No. Ws, J/m3• Content of major components

Relative density and Wobbe No.Relative density dn

dn = rrgas/rairUpper (lower) Wobbe No.Ws(Wi)(Ws = Qs dn–0,5)(Wi = Qi dn–0,5)

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