TYPES OF FOOD SUPPLY

Crop lands – 76 % of the world’s foodRange lands – 17 % of the world’s foodOceans – 7 % of the world’s food

MAJOR FOOD SOURCES

Rice, Wheat, Maize, potato, barley, sugarcane, pulses, fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, fish and sea food

Major grains : Rice, Wheat, Maize

WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS

• India has 2% of world’s land, 4% of freshwater, 16% of population, and 10% of its cattle.

• Geographical area = 329 Mha of which 47% (142 Mha) is cultivated, 23% forested, 7% under non-agri use, 23% waste.

• Per capita availability of land 50 years ago was 0.9 ha, could be only 0. 14 ha in 2050.

• Out of cultivated area, 37% is irrigated which produces 55% food; 63% is rain-fed producing 45% of 200 M t of food.

• In 50 years (ultimate), proportion could be 50:50 producing 75:25 of 500 M t of required food.

WORLD FOOD PROBLEMSCAUSES

Population increases and cultivable land area decreases

Environmental degradation of net primary productivity which supports all life

Urbanisation

Major food sources were consumed more.

Deficiency

Health effect

No. of cases

Proteins and calories

Stunted growth

750 million

Iron Anameia 350 million

Iodine Goitre 150 million

Vitamin A Blindness 6 million

FAO Estimation – 2500 calories/day (minimum calorific intake)

Undernourished - Less than 90% Seriously undernourished - Less than 80% Malnutrition – Lack of nutrition Obesity

Impacts of malnutrition

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELATED TO FOOD RESOURCES

1.OVERGRAZING LAND DEGRADATION (exposed soil gets

compacted)SOIL EROSION (loose soil, get eroded)LOSS OF USEFUL SPECIES (2° species less

nutritive)

Carrying capacity : Maximum population that can be supported by it on sustainable basis

2. AGRICULTURE

TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE

Impacts Shifting cultivation Depletion of nutrients (cutting& burning the trees) Soil erosion Deforestation

3. MODERN AGRICULTURE(i) IMPACTS LEADING TO HIGH YIELDING

VARIETIES

(ii) FERTILIZER RELATED PROBLEMS

MICRONUTRIENT IMBALANCE

NITRATE POLLUTION (Blue baby syndrome)

EUTROPHICATION (excess of N&P-runoff water)

(iii) PESTICIDE RELATED PROBLEMS

CREATING SUPERPESTS

DEATH OF NON TARGET ORGANISMS

BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION (non-biodegradable-food chain)

RISK OF CANCER

(iv)WATER LOGGINGOver irrigation of crop landsInadequate drainageMechanical strength of soil decreases

SALINITYAccumulation of salts such as sodium chloride,

sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride etc.,

Remedy:Good quality water

supply for irrigationUsing perforated

drainage pipes to drain salt

TO CONSOLIDATE……