Types

NarrationNarration(( 记述文记述文 ))

DescriptionDescription(( 描述文描述文 ))

ArgumentArgument(( 议论文议论文 ))

ExplanationExplanation(( 说明文说明文 ))

News reportNews report(( 新闻报道新闻报道 ))

AdvertisementAdvertisement(( 广告广告 ))

Subject mattersSubject matters1.1. Social problems Social problems

education/religion/traffic/women liberation/racial education/religion/traffic/women liberation/racial discrimination/environment/energy discrimination/environment/energy sources/housing/sanitation etc.sources/housing/sanitation etc.

2.2. Science and technology Science and technology agriculture/industry/medicine/ agriculture/industry/medicine/ sports/geography/computer/internet/mobile sports/geography/computer/internet/mobile phones etc.phones etc.

3.3. Culture customs/holidays/arts/languages etc.Culture customs/holidays/arts/languages etc.

常见的提问形式——常见的提问形式—— 1) What does the writer mainly tell us? 2) Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3) Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4) Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5) The best headline for this newspaper article is ___. 6) What’s the best title for this passage?

11 、主旨大意题、主旨大意题（（ main ideamain idea ））

I. main ideaI. main idea 型型 ,, 即主题型即主题型 ..II. topic II. topic 或或 titltitlee 型型 , , 即标题型即标题型 ..

Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.without using them.

Q:What is the topic of the text? Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions.

On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skate. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time! : What is the main point the writer is trying to make What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph?in the paragraph? A.A.    The roller skates needed further improvement.The roller skates needed further improvement. B. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool! The party guests took Merlin for a fool!   C.  C.  Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.    D. D. Merlin got himself into trouble.Merlin got himself into trouble.

一 . 文首找主题句 , 提炼文章标题 总起—分述

二 . 文尾找主题句 , 提炼标题或归纳大意 . 分述—总结

总起—分述—总结三 . 首尾呼应展现主题句 , “ 瞻前顾后”归纳大意 .四 . 从段落中归纳要点抓大意从段落中归纳要点抓大意 ..

In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work.In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He al Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to kill his time he ways had an interest in word games and to kill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he waplanned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a nus not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexicmber of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to mao” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any ke some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(real commercial( 商业性的商业性的 )success.)success.

Q:The text is mainly about________.Q:The text is mainly about________. A. Lexico B. Three men A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.

Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major woearly Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by embrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (rks by embrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI ( 美美国联邦调查局国联邦调查局 ) and the museum officials said. ) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum,on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokesman Jim Tordan said Boston police spokesman Jim Tordan ……… ……… William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel MWilliam Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”useum, called the objects stolen “major works.” Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper

article ?article ?A. A Theft Took Place in Boston A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by ThievesB. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theftD. Investigation into the theft

As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow.

……John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families

in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.

Q: What would be the best title for the text?A.The joy of DIY B.You can Do It Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY

遵循 “四字”原则 :

准准全全

新新

用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想

要注意文章的内涵和外延 , 把作者的观点准确地表达出来 .

要排除掉那些片面的选项 , 选取包含文章的主要要内容及作者观点的选项 , 范围不宜过大或过小 .

所选择的标题要新颖 , 对读者有吸引力 , 能激发读读者的阅读兴趣 .

精精

2、推断性试题 (inference)

1.以 infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, purpose, opinion, draw the conclusion, make an inference, be intended to, be against ,tone, attitude, mean等提问。2.提问中含有表示推测的情态动词 ,如 :can, could, might, would, should, probably, most likely等。

常见的题目形式有：• (1)This article is particularly written for .• (2)It can be inferred from the passage that .• (3)The author implies .• (4)When the writer says… ,the passage is that .• (5)If there is not… ,maybe .• (6)The author mentions… in order to .• (7)The writer’s attitude toward…is .• (8)Which of the following best describes the write

r’s attitude?

数据推断题Family Railcard

For ￡ 20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only ￡ 3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date.If a man bought himself a ticket of If a man bought himself a ticket of ￡￡ 15 and three tick15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did hets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay?e pay?A. A. ￡￡ 44 B. 44 B. ￡￡ 29 C. 29 C. ￡￡ 24 D. 24 D. ￡ 15

知识推断题TokyoTokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten min: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten min

utes, are guarding a blue star sapphire(utes, are guarding a blue star sapphire( 蓝宝石蓝宝石 )worth nearly six )worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of Jewels sehundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of Jewels sent from an Indian museum. nt from an Indian museum.

“ “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakeNormally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it’s different this time because ths guard exhibition objects, but it’s different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel.” a police official said.e jewels are being exhibited at a hotel.” a police official said.

The jewels were being shown in _____The jewels were being shown in _____ A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museumA. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum

逻辑结论推断题 We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work.

They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by the computers is becoming evinto the home. The part played by the computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.en more important with each passing day.

More and more clever computers will continue to appear. They More and more clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfullwill run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the y. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later coface of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.mputers will replace us.

However…However… Which of the following statements will best continue the third parWhich of the following statements will best continue the third par

agraph?agraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing.A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.B. Many people like computers very much. C. Computers are as clever as man.C. Computers are as clever as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.

对作者态度、倾向的推断题Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿 ), and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all this bad news.

This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.

A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform

∨

3 、细节理解题 (Details)常见的题目形式有：1.6Ws who\what\where\why\when\how2.The authors states that_____3.The authors mentions all the following except_____4. According to the passage, which of the following is correct/wrong?5.Which of the following is the correct order of the events?

特点：对应性、准确性、区分性特点：对应性、准确性、区分性

The World Trade Center was hit by two planes and it fell in a short time late on September 11th. Here is some hijacking( 劫持 ) information.

American and United airlines both said two of their planes had been hijacked and crashed( 坠毁 ).

American said its planes were carrying a total of 156 people. One was a Boston-Los Angeles flight . An FBI man said the former, a Boeing 767, hit one of the Trade Center towers; the latter, a Boeing757, hit the Pentagon.

Two United airliners with a total of 110 aboard also crashed--- a Boeing 757 outside Pittsburgh, the other, a Boeing 767, into the Trade Center.

Question: What kind of planes hit the World Trade Center?

A. A Boeing 757 and a Boeing767

B. Two planes both Boeing 757

C. Two planes both Boeing 767

D. Two planes from New York

4、词义猜测题（ word meaning）

常见的题目形式有： The underlined word “it” means_____

… as used in the text means_____

解题技巧 : 密切联系上下文 , 切忌脱离原文 ,切忌断章取义。

The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in the books.

The largest player-----Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-----deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana,sedans are the big favorite.

The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to_____.

A.cars in making B. car rental firms

C. cars for rent D. car makers