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Types & Classes of Irrigation SystemsDr. Muhammad Anwar BaigProf & HoD Env. Science12th Feb, 2012

NECESSITY OF IRRIGATIONThroughout the crop period adequate quantities of water is required near the root zone of the plants for their growth Insufficient Rainfall Uneven Distribution of Rainfall Improvement of Perennial CropsDevelopment of Agriculture in Desert Area 5Irrigation is artificial application of water to the root zone of the crop at right time in required quantity for optimum crop yield. 6FUNCTIONS:Supplies moisture to the soil essential for, germination of seeds and chemical and bacterial processes during plant growth.Cools the soil and the surroundings thus making the environment more favorable for plant growth.Washes out or dilutes salts present in the soil.Softens the clods and thus helps in tillage operations. Enables application of fertilizers.Reduces the adverse effects of frost on crops.Ensures crop success against short duration drought.Normally natural Plants can grow with basic requirements like Forests but to have better and earlier we need additional7IrrigationWhat? artificial application of water Where to apply? to the root zone of the cropWhen to apply? at right timeHow much to apply? in required quantityWhat for?for optimum crop yield

8ADVANTAGES OF IRRIGATION Stabilised Yield of CropsProtection from Famine Improvement of Cash CropsProsperity of FarmersSource of revenueNavigationHydroelectric Power Generation.Water SupplyGeneral CommunicationDevelopment of Fishery9DISADVANTAGES Rising of Water Table Formation of Marshy Land Dampness in Weather Loss of Valuable Lands 10