type of rocks

8/3/2019 Type of Rocks

1/5

Type of

Rocks

Rock Mineral

Composition

Color Parent

Material

Texture Description

Pumice Quartz

MuscoviteOrthoclase

White or

gray

-Granite -Very thin

translucentbubble wall

extrusive

igneous

rock.

-Cell, and

glassy

-Highly

composemicrovesicular

glass pyroclastic

.

-It forms when

volcanic gases

absolving from

viscous magma

nucleate bubbles

which cannot

readily decouple

from the viscous

magma prior tochilling to glass

-Mild in weight

Diorite Amphibole,

Biotite

Na Plag/

Proxene

Grey,grey

to dark

grey

Granite -Coarse-

grained

-Granular

-Diorite results

from partial

melting of mafic

rock above

subduction zone.

It commonly

produces in

volcanic arcs,

and incordilleran

mountain

building.

-Extrusive

Igneous

Rock

Gabbro Pyroxene

Olivine

Ca Plag

Black or

greenish

dark

color

Basalt -Coarse-

grained

-Granular

-plutonic which

form when

molten magma

is trapped

beneath the

earth.

Andesite Amphibole,

BiotiteNa Plag

Black or

dark incolor

Basalt Fine -

grained

-Volcanic rock

-Can be found atAndes Mountain

Rhyolite Quartz

Muscovite

Orthoclase

White,

light

yellow,

brown or

red

Basalt Fine-

grained

-extrusive rock

-High content of

silica, low iron,

and magnesium,

rhyolite will

melt highly

polymerized and

form viscous

lavas.


2/5

Sandstone Quartz and

Feldspar

Brown,

yellow,

red, pink,

white

Cemented

sand

-Fine-

grained

-Rock formation

that are

primarily

composed of

sandstone

usually allow

percolation ofwater and other

fluids and are

porous enough

to store large

qualities ,

making them

valuable aquifers

and petroleumreservoirs.

Coal Consists of

Carbon

Dark grey Form

from the

compres-sion of

plant

material

Soft ,brittle,

lightweight,

porousmaterial

-Usually

produced by

slow pyrolysis,the heating of

wood or other

substance in the

absence of

oxygen.

Conglomerate Clastic rock Grey or

yellowish

Cemented

roundedgravels

and

pebbles

-Coarse-

grained-Angular

Individual clasts

within a finer-grained matrix

that have

become

cemented

together.Sedimentary

Rock

Shale Quartz and

Calcite

Clay mineral

Red,

brown,

green,

yellow

Compac-

ted mud

-Fine

grained

The ratio of clay

to other minerals

is visible.

Breccia Clastic rocks White ,

dark grey

Variety of

the origin

Coarse

Angular tosubangular

Collapse

breccias formswhere there has

been a collapse

of rock, typically

in karst

landscape.

Siltstone Clay mineral Redyellowish

or

greenish

Mud Grain sizein the silt

range

Intermediatecomposition

between

sandstone and

shale.

Mudstone Clay mineral Dark grey mud Fine

grained

A nonfissile

mud shale.


3/5

Fossiliferous - - - Coarse Placement of

fossil in

sedimentary

rocks

Schist Mica,

Chlorite ,

talc,hornblende,

granite

Grey,

dark

yellowish

By paral-

lelism of

more than50% of

minerals

Coarse Schist contains

more than 50%

platy andelongated

minerals, often

finely

interleaved with

quartz andfeldspar.

Metamorphic

Rock

Phyllite Quartz, Mica

,Chlorite

Grey or

white

Shale or

pellite

-Coarse

-Phyllitic

texture

Has good

fissility and

form under low

grade

metamorphic

condition.Batu

Loh(Slate)

Clay or

volcanic ash

Quartz,

muscovite ,Biotite,

Chlorite,

hematite.

Grey and

dull

Shale and

other fine

grained

rock.

Fine-

grained

The slaty

cleavage result

from the paralle

alignment ofnumerous fine

phyllosilicate

(platy) minerals

(e.g muscovite

and chlorite)

Gneiss Biotite,

Albite,

chlorite

Granite,

grano -

diorite,shale,

rhyolite,

diorite,

slate,&

schist

Medium to

course-

foliated

Mineral

composition is

variable butfeldspar is

especially

abundant.

Marble Calcite and

Dolomite

Grey Carbonate

rocks such

as

limestone

or

dolomite.

Silt Metamorphism

causes variable

recrystallization

of the original

carbonate

mineral grains.


4/5

Rock Component

Minerals

Elemental Composition Plant Essential

Elements

Pumice Quartz Si,O -

Muscovite K,Al,O,Si K

Orthoclase K,Al,Si,O K

Diorite Amphibole Fe,Mg,Ca,Si,O Fe,Mg,Ca

Biotite K,Al,Mg,Fe,Si,O,OH K,Mg,Fe

Pyroxene Ca,Na,Fe,Mg,Zn,Al,Si,O,Li,,Cr,Sc,Ti,V Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,

Gabbro Pyroxene Ca,Na,Fe,Mg,Zn,Al,Si,O,Li,,Cr,Sc,Ti,V Ca,Fe,Mg,Zn,

Olivine Mg,Fe,Si,O Mg,Fe

Ca Plag Ca Ca

Andesite Amphibole, Fe,Mg,Ca,Si,O Fe,Mg,Ca


Na Plag Na -

Rhyolite Quartz Si,O -

Muscovite K,Al,Si,O K


Sandstone Quartz Si,O -

Feldspar K,Al,Si,O,Na,Ca K,Ca

Coal - C CConglomerate Quartz Si,O -

Silicate Si,O -

Shale Quartz Si,O -

Calcite Ca,C,O Ca,C

Clay mineral Al,Si,O -

Breccia Quartz Si,O -

Silicate Si,O -

Siltstone Clay Mineral Al,Si,O -

Mudstone Clay Mineral Al,Si,O -

Schist Mica K,Na,Ca,Al,Mg,Fe,Si,F,OH K,Ca,Mg,Fe

Chlorite Cl,O Cl

Talc Mg,Si,O,OH Mg

Quartz Si,O -



Amphibole Fe,Mg,Ca,Si,O Fe,Mg,Ca


5/5

Phyllite Quartz Si,O -

Mica K,Na,Ca,Al,Mg,Fe,Si,F,OH K,Ca,Mg,Fe

Chlorite Cl,O Cl

Batu Loh(Slate) Quartz Si,O -



Chlorite Cl,O Cl

Hematite Fe,O Fe

Gneiss Biotite K,Al,Mg,Fe,Si,O,OH K,Mg,Fe

Chlorite Cl,O Cl

Albite Na,Al,Si,O -

Marble Calcite Ca,C,O Ca,C

Dolomite Ca,Mg,C,O Ca,Mg,C

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