Two Nations Live on the Two Nations Live on the EdgeEdge

Chapter 18, Section 4Chapter 18, Section 4

NotesNotes

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the policy of brinkmanshipExplain the policy of brinkmanshipDescribe the American and Soviet actions Describe the American and Soviet actions

that caused the Cold War to spread that caused the Cold War to spread around the worldaround the world

Summarize the impact of Summarize the impact of SputnikSputnik and the and the U-2 incident on the USU-2 incident on the US

Nuclear Arms RaceNuclear Arms Race

Began during Truman’s PresidencyBegan during Truman’s PresidencySoviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949Soviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949

US entered into race for Hydrogen BombUS entered into race for Hydrogen BombEven more destructive – immoral?Even more destructive – immoral?US explodes H-Bomb in 1952US explodes H-Bomb in 1952Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanshipDwight D. Eisenhower – PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower – PresidentJohn Foster Dulles – Secretary of State John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State

ANTI-COMMUNISTANTI-COMMUNISTA moral crusade against communismA moral crusade against communism

Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the edge of all-out waredge of all-out warUS trimmed army and navy to focus on its air US trimmed army and navy to focus on its air

forceforceBuilt up nuclear weaponsBuilt up nuclear weapons

Cold War SpreadsCold War Spreads

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)Collected information – spiesCollected information – spiesCovert operationsCovert operations

IranIranPrime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fieldsPrime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fieldsCIA helped the Shah of Iran return to powerCIA helped the Shah of Iran return to powerTurned oil fields back over to Western companiesTurned oil fields back over to Western companies

GuatemalaGuatemalaCIA took covert action to change the govt.CIA took covert action to change the govt.

Cold War SpreadsCold War Spreads

Warsaw PactWarsaw PactSoviets form military alliance with E. EuropeSoviets form military alliance with E. Europe

Geneva SummitGeneva Summit ““open skies proposal” – allow flightsopen skies proposal” – allow flightsSoviets reject it, but it’s a step towards peaceSoviets reject it, but it’s a step towards peace

Suez WarSuez WarNasser nationalized the Suez CanalNasser nationalized the Suez Canal Israel, Britain, and France sent troopsIsrael, Britain, and France sent troopsUN defused situationUN defused situation

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine

Eisenhower’s WarningEisenhower’s WarningUS would defend the Middle East against US would defend the Middle East against

communist attackcommunist attack

Hungarian UprisingHungarian Uprising

Soviets had dominated HungarySoviets had dominated HungaryHungarians revolted in 1956 – Democracy!Hungarians revolted in 1956 – Democracy!Soviets brutally responded and put down Soviets brutally responded and put down

rebellionrebellionUS did nothing – Hungary was a satelliteUS did nothing – Hungary was a satellite

Space RaceSpace Race

Khruschev took power after StalinKhruschev took power after StalinPeaceful coexistencePeaceful coexistenceCompetition!Competition!

Soviets launched Soviets launched SputnikSputnik in 1957 in 1957World’s first artificial satelliteWorld’s first artificial satellite

US frantically tries to catch upUS frantically tries to catch upPoors in moneyPoors in money

U-2 IncidentU-2 Incident

CIA made secret flights over USSR (U-2)CIA made secret flights over USSR (U-2)Eisenhower and Krushchev holding another Eisenhower and Krushchev holding another

summitsummitDulles – make one last flight!Dulles – make one last flight!

Soviets shoot down the planeSoviets shoot down the planeFlown by Francis Gary PowersFlown by Francis Gary Powers

Renewed ConfrontationRenewed ConfrontationEisenhower at first denies then admits incident Eisenhower at first denies then admits incident Krushchev demands apologyKrushchev demands apologyEisenhower says NO! -- TENSIONEisenhower says NO! -- TENSION