tutorial at 1st 5g conference, tehran
TRANSCRIPT
S. Mohammad Razavizadeh
June 15, 15
Tutorial at 1st 5G Conference, Tehran
1
Mobile Broadband Network Research Group (MBNRG)
@
Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
S. Mohammad Razavizadeh [email protected]
Mob
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band N
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Res
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Outline
1. An introduction to 5G
2. Small cell in 5G
3. Spectrum in 5G
4. Multiple Antennas in 5G
5. Other RAT in 5G
2
3
Evolution of Wireless Networks
4
GSM UMTS HSDPAGPRS EDGE LTE LTE-A LTE-BHSUPA HSPA+AMPS
1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
202019901980
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5G Roadmap
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Ref: ETRI 2014
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5G Objectives
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Ref: ITU
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5G Scenarios
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Super real-time and reliable connections
Amazingly fast
Great Service in a crowd
Ubiquitous things communicating
Best experience follows you
delay, reliability
bit-rate,delay Accessibility,
dense crowds
simple devices,coverageAccessibility,
mobilityw w w . m o b i l e b r o a d b a n d . i r
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5G Requirements
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Ref: METIS
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5G Radio Access Technologies
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5G Radio Access Technologies
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5G service cube
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5G Enabling Technologies
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Network
Densification
Small Cells
HetNets
Spectrum
Extension
Super Wideband
In-bandFull
Duplex
Spectrum.
Massive MIMO
3DBF
Utilization
FBMC
NOMA
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Evolutions and Revolutions in 5G
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Cellular Networks
• Macro BS
• Cell splitting
• Adding more Macro BS in dense area
– Interference
– Site Acquisition
– CAPEX and OPEX costs
• e.g. CAPEX of a macro BS is 20,000 EUR and OPEX is 800 EUR
annualy
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Small-Cell Networks
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SCN
Base Stations (BS)• low-power• low-cost• low-capacity
Small-cells Categories
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Micro
Pico
Femto
Small-cells Categories
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http://electronicdesign.com/
Inside the Small Cell
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http://electronicdesign.com/
Heterogeneous Networks
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HetNet
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Ref: Tutorial @ ICC 2014
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Advantages of Small Cells
• Traffic Offloading
• Reduced coverage holes
• Enhanced link quality
• Efficient spectral reuse
• Reduced power consumption & Energy Efficiency
• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX Costs
• Using Radio Remote Head (RRH)
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distance between TX and RX
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C-RAN
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Common Public Radio Interface
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C-RAN
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Uniformly Distributed Small-cell (UDC)
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Cell-on-Edge (COE)
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Deployment of Small-cells
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M. Z. Shakir, et. al, “Spectral and energy efficiency analysis of uplink heterogeneous network with cells on edge,” in Elsevier Jour. PHYCOM, Jun. 2014
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Small-cell in 5G
• Unplanned deployments
– no detailed RF planning
• User deployed
• Large number of cells
• Different Backhaul
• Different RAT
• Multi-Stream Aggregation (MSA)
• mmW
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Small-cell in 5G
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“Phantom cell”
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Spectrum in 5G
• Higher frequencies millimeter waves
• Spectrum Aggregation
• Unlicensed bands
• Spectrum Sharing
• Cognitive radio
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mmW in 5G
• 30 to 300 GHz
– 23, 29, 38, 40, 46, 47, 49GHz, and E-band
• Already used in LAN, PAN, and VANET
– backhaul in cellular networks
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IEEE 802.11ad - WiGig - 7Gbit/s
mmW in 5G
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Atmospheric and molecular absorption at mmWave frequencies
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Advantages
• Dense spectrum re-use
• Higher BW
• Multi-Gbps data rate
• No interference with macro cell
• Spatial multiplexing
• Compact equipment's (urban use)s
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mmW Het Net
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E-Band
• E-Band (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz):
– Largest segment of spectrum licensed by FCC and CEPT
– Wireless fronthaul, backhaul and network extension
– Point-to-point fixed wireless systems
• E-band Channel: Rec. ITU-R F.2006
– Channels of size multiple of 250 MHz
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Challenges
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• Radio
– Lower Tx power and Rx sensitivity
• Antennas
– Directive antennas with beamforming
• Propagation
– building penetration, blockage effects, foliage, precipitation
• Mobility
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Carrier Aggregation
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http://www.3gpp.org/
Carrier Aggregation
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MIMO Categories
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Spectral efficiency
Diversity and link reliability
Diversity Gain
Multiplexing Gain
Array
Gain
Space-Time Coding
Spatial Multiplexing
Beamforming(Precoding)
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Trends in Multiple Antenna Techniques
• Increasing the number of Antenna
– BS
– Users
• Antenna Distributing
– Cells
– Relays
– Building
• Antenna Cooperation
• Antenna Configurations & New Frequencies
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New Multiple Antenna Technologies
Cooperative Multi-Point
(CoMP)
Distributed Ant. Systems
(DAS)mmW MIMO
3D Beamforming
(3DBF)Massive MIMO
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MIMO Categories
• Point –to-Point MIMO
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Inter-antenna interference
single user MIMO
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MIMO Categories
• Multiuser MIMO
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Inter-User interference
Precoding – DPCCombining – SIC- MRC
multiple data streams to multiple users
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MIMO Categories
• Multiuser MIMO
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multiplexing gain# of BS antennas
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MIMO Categories
• Multi-cell MIMO
• Network MIMO
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intercell interference (ICI)
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CoMP
Coordinated Multipoint Reception/Transmission
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Coordination among different cells to mitigate the ICI
Multi-user Multi-cell MIMO intercell interference (ICI)
Cooperative MIMO
base station coordination
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CoMP Methods
• Two categories of CoMP
• 1- coordinated scheduling/ interference avoidance
– interference-aware scheduling, MIMO ZF beamforming
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CoMP coordinated beamforming (CoMP-CB) CSI
spatial ICI coordination (ICIC)
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CoMP Methods
• Two categories of CoMP
• 2- Coordinated data transmission/reception
– distributed MIMO processing
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CoMP joint processing (CoMP-JP)CP
data + CSI data + CSI
information (CSI) need to be
links between each BS and a
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Advantages
• Eliminating ICI and enhancing the desired signal
• Changing interference to useful signals
• Cell edge throughput
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Challenges
• Backhaul overhead
• Accurate CSI exchange
– Especially DL in FDD --- Solution: statistical CSI
• Synchronization
– e.g. delay in IP links in femtocell
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CoMP in 5G
• Increasing the number of MSs and BSs
– Dense cellular networks
– More interferences
• Small cells
– Femtocell, picocell, remote radio head (RRH)
• Heterogeneous networks (HetNets)
– Multiple tiers of randomly located BSs
• Random networks (RN)
53
V. Garcia, Y. Zhou, and J. Shi, IEEE“Coordinated Multipoint Transmission in Dense Cellular Networks With User-Centric Adaptive Clustering” , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 13, NO. 8, AUGUST 2014.
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DAS
• Distributed Antenna Systems
• Distributed antenna (DA) ports throughout a cell
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Antenna port
Macrocell BS
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DAS
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Indoor DAS Outdoor DAS
DAS
• Centralized RAN
• HetNet
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Femtocell
Remote antenna node
www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference , ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Massive MIMO
A very large number of antennas at the BS
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Large Scale MIMO Large # of users
large-scale antenna systems (LSAS)
www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference , ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Massive MIMO
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Advantages
• Spectral Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency
• Simple Linear Processing
– Spatial MF – MRC – ZF – MMSE
• Fading channel
• Resilience against failures
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Energy Efficiency
• Perfect CSI
– TR power decreases proportional to the # of antenna
• Imperfect CSI
– square root of the # of antenna
• Energy Efficiency
• Extension of the range
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H. Q. Ngo, E. G. Larsson, and T. L. Marzetta, “Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 1436–1449, Apr. 2013.
Power Reduction
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Energy Efficiency
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H. Q. Ngo, E. G. Larsson, and T. L. Marzetta, “Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, pp. 1436–1449, Apr. 2013.
Channel Estimation
• Need for CSI : multiuser precoding (DL) or detection
(UL)
• Proportional to the # of TR antennas
• FDD: Different CSI in UL and DL
• UL channel estimation at the BS
• All users send different pilot sequences
• Time is independent of the # of the BS antennas
63www.mobilebroadband.ir S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , 5G Conference
, ITRC , Tehran , June 2015
Channel Estimation
• DL channel estimation at the users
• BS transmits pilot symbols
• Time is proportional to the # of the BS antennas
• Infeasible in large # of antennas
• Channel coherence time
• Channel estimation only in UL
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T. L. Marzetta, “How much training is required for multiuser MIMO?” AsilomarConference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC), CA, Oct. 2006, pp. 359–363.
Channel Estimation
• Non-orthogonal pilots in neighboring cells
• Pilot contamination
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Beamforming to other cells and Inter-cell interference
Challenges
• Pilot contamination
• Antenna array configuration
• Channel modeling
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Implementation
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Linköping University and Lund University
Argos
• Rice University
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Argos
• Rice University
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3DBF
• Three Dimensional Beamforming
• Vertical Plane
• Two dimensional antenna arrays
• Full Dimensional MIMO
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BS Radiation Pattern
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BS Radiation Pattern
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• Three sector cells (usually)
Vertical Tilt angle
• Mechanical tilting
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Vertical Tilt angle
• Electrical tilting
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3DBF
Beamforming in both Azimuth and Elevation angles
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Vertical (elevation) Beamforming
Two Dimensional Sectorization
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FD-MIMO and 3DBF
78
mmWave MIMO
• Many large # of antennas at the BS (100’s)
• Large # of antennas at the MS
• Large BW
• Antenna separation Spatial multiplexing
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Small-cells
NOMA
• Multiuser Interference cancellation
• OMA FDMA , TDMA
• Limited capacity
• Solution: Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
• Interference cancellation
• Power multiplexing
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NOMA
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Filter Banks Multi-Carriers (FBMC)
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
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OFDM
• High out-of band emissions - low BW efficiency
• Synchronization
• Side lobes
• Filtering OFDM & Filter Bank
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FBMC
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B. Farhang-Boroujeny, "OFDM versus Filter Bank Multicarrier," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 92-112, May 2011.
Comparing OFDM and FBMC
• Sub-channel frequency response
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FBMC characteristics
• No sidelobes
• No guard time (no cyclic prefix)
• High spectral resolution
• Increased spectral efficiency
• Asynchronous users (cognitive)
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Full Duplex Communications
• Frequency and time separation
• In-band Full-duplex Wireless Communications
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Gang Liu, F. Richard Yu, Hong Ji, Victor C.M. Leung, and Xi Li, “In-Band Full-Duplex Relaying: A Survey, Research
Issues and Challenges,” IEEE Comm. Surveys and Tutorials, May 2015.
Full Duplex
• Relay techniques
• Bidirectional topology
• Self-interference cancellation
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Other topics
• Energy efficiency and green communications
• Relay & Cooperative Comm.
• Massive MIMO
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Thank you
Questions
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