turn each issue of superscience happy earth day! into...

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SEPT OCT NOV/DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY This month’s experiments were tested by: Lucy Jensen, 3rd- and 4th-Grade Teacher Happy Earth Day! Earth Day is April 22. To help you celebrate, this issue of SuperScience is full of features that highlight issues affecting the planet—such as why gorillas are disappearing in Africa, and how a new fuel in race cars will help clean up the environment. To add to your celebration, SuperScience is offering you a chance to win the new five-disc DVD collection Planet Earth: The Complete Series. This breathtaking documentary series from BBC Video explores every continent on Earth. For details on how to enter, turn to page T6. In the upcoming school year, you can once again look forward to fun and educational features that are sure to get your students excited about science. So don’t forget to renew your SuperScience subscription by calling 1-800-SCHOLASTIC. Best wishes, Britt Norlander, Editor e-mail: [email protected] APRIL 2007 ISSN 1010-144x A SUPPLEMENT TO SUPERSCIENCE For quizzes, experiments, and Web links, visit: www.scholastic.com/superscience Turn each issue of SuperScience into hours of valuable instruction! This month, you’ll find: 6 Lesson plans 2 Reproducible work sheets 16 Discussion questions & extensions 7 Print & Web resources 1 SuperScience Web site (www.scholastic.com/superscience) 32 ways to support your curriculum Turn the page to start your lesson plan! WARMING UP — Students create a heat-releasing reaction (see p. 15 of the Student Edition). For Customer Service, call: 1-800-SCHOLASTIC or visit: www.scholastic.com/custsupport Please fill out our Online Teacher Survey At SuperScience we value the expertise of our teacher subscribers. We’d like to include your input as we plan our issues for the next school year. Please take a few minutes to complete an online survey at: www.scholastic.com/ supersciencespring 07survey We need your help...

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SEPT OCT NOV/DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY

This month’s experiments were tested by: Lucy Jensen, 3rd- and 4th-Grade Teacher

Happy Earth Day!Earth Day is April 22. To help you celebrate, this issue of

SuperScience is full of features that highlight issues affecting the planet—such as why gorillas are disappearing in Africa, and how a new fuel in race cars will help clean up the environment.

To add to your celebration, SuperScience is offering you a chance to win the new five-disc DVD collection Planet Earth: The Complete Series. This breathtaking documentary series from BBC Video explores every continent on Earth. For details on how to enter, turn to page T6.

In the upcoming school year, you can once again look forward to fun and educational features that are sure to get your students excited about science. So don’t forget to renew your SuperScience subscription by calling 1-800-SCHOLASTIC.

Best wishes, Britt Norlander, Editor e-mail: [email protected]

APRIL 2007ISSN 1010-144x

A SUPPLEMENT TO SUPERSCIENCE

For quizzes, experiments, and Web links, visit:www.scholastic.com/superscience

Turn each issue of SuperScience into hours of valuable instruction!

This month, you’ll find: 6 Lesson plans 2 Reproducible work sheets 16 Discussion questions & extensions 7 Print & Web resources 1 SuperScience Web site (www.scholastic.com/superscience)

32 ways to support your curriculum

Turn the page to start your lesson plan!

WARMING UP — Students create a heat-releasing reaction (see p. 15 of the Student Edition).

For Customer Service, call:

1-800-SCHOLASTICor visit: www.scholastic.com/custsupport

Please fill out our Online Teacher Survey

At SuperScience we value the expertise of our teacher subscribers. We’d like to

include your input as we plan our issues for the next school year. Please take a few minutes to complete an online survey at:

www.scholastic.com/supersciencespring

07survey

We need your help...

CONNECTTO YOUR CURRICULUM PAGE ARTICLE CURRICULUM AREAS O

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4 Science Mystery:The Case of the Hot Chocolate

Scientific Inquiry: manipulating variables; observing; gathering data; drawing conclusions; interpreting results.Earth Science: greenhouse effect; global warming; climate.Physical Science: heat.Language Arts: reading fictional passages.

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

6 Feature:Vanishing Apes

Life Science: habitats; ecosystems; viruses; animal populations.Earth Science: natural resources; deforestation.Language Arts: reading comprehension.

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

10 Hands-0n Lab:Catch a Cold

Scientific Inquiry: manipulating variables; observing; gathering data; drawing conclusions; interpreting results.Life Science: viruses; how infections spread.

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

11 Cool Science Jobs:Rain-Forest Scientist

Life Science: ecosystems; animal populations.Earth Science: rain forests.Language Arts: reading comprehension.

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

12 Feature:The Race Is On

Physical Science: chemical energy; fuels; transfer of energy.Earth Science: pollution; renewable resources.Language Arts: reading comprehension. ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

15 Hands-0n Lab:Energy Source

Scientific Inquiry: manipulating variables; observing; gathering data; drawing conclusions; interpreting results.Physical Science: chemical reactions; transfer of energy. ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

PROCESS SKILLS

T2 SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007

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PAGE 4 THE CASE OF THE HOT CHOCOLATE

For Grades K-4Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiryChanges in earth and sky

For Grades 5-8Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiryStructure of the earth system

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Language Arts—Reading fiction

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007 T3

Science Mystery (Student Edition, pp. 4-5)

The plastic bag covering Peter’s container acted like the gases in Earth’s atmosphere. It allowed the sun’s rays to pass through. The plastic then trapped the heat from the rays. Therefore, the temperature of the air inside the bag rose. Danielle’s chocolate wasn’t covered by plastic. The heat from the sun could escape to the surrounding air and her chocolate did not warm as much. The chocolate that melted is the one that was covered: Peter’s.Quick Quiz

(Student Edition, p. 9) 1. B 2. C 3. A

Mystery Photo (Student Edition, p. 16)Soccer ball Hidden Words (Student Edition, p. 16)Ebola: spelled across, first row; Force: spelled upward, third column; Canopy: spelled downward, last column. Ape: spelled diagonally, beginning in the fourth column. Virus: spelled upward, second column. Ethanol: spelled upward, sixth column. Fun Fact: Q. How much energy can you save by recycling one aluminum can? A. Enough to run a TV for three hours.

Corn Power (Reproducible, T7)

1. 1987 2. Approximately 0.5 billion bushels 3. Approximately 0.3 billion bushels 4. Between 2005 and 2006 BONUS: Approximately 123.2 billion poundsNo-Sweat Bubble Test

(Reproducible, T8)1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5.C 6. A 7. C

say that will cause Earth’s average temperature to warm, a process called global warming.

Discussion QuestionHave you ever seen a glass greenhouse in which people grow plants? Is the air inside a greenhouse warmer or cooler than the air outside it? (Possible answer: The air is warmer inside the greenhouse.)

AFTER READINGDiscussion Questions

How does carbon dioxide affect Earth’s temperature? (Possible answer: It acts like a blanket, trapping the sun’s heat.) How did the plastic wrap covering Peter’s chocolate act like carbon dioxide? (Possible answer: It trapped heat from the sun.)What are some ways your science class can celebrate Earth Day? (Answers will vary.)

RESOURCEwww.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/greenhouse �.html � Students can learn more about the greenhouse effect at this kid-friendly Web site.

BEFORE READINGESTIMATED TIME: 40 minutes

Set a Purpose Read a story to learn about the greenhouse effect.

BackgroundThe greenhouse effect is caused by the layer of gases that surround Earth, including carbon dioxide and water vapor. These “greenhouse gases” trap heat from the sun, warming Earth. Without this layer of gases, Earth would be cooler by roughly 15°C (60°F).If the amount of greenhouse gases surrounding Earth increases, extra heat will be trapped. Scientists

ANSWERS

POSTAL INFORMATION: SCHOLASTIC SUPERSCIENCE® MAGAZINE (ISSN 1010-144x; in Canada, 2-c no. 1471120) is published 8 times during the school year; monthly September, October, January, February, March, April, May, bimonthly November/December by Scholastic Corp., P.O. Box 3710, 2931 East McCarty St., Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710. Periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, MO 65102 and at additional offices. PUBLISHING INFORMATION: U.S. prices: $6.75 each per year for 10 or more subscriptions to the same address. 1-9 subscriptions, each: $29.95 student, $29.95 Teacher’s Edition, per school year. Single copy: $5.50 student, $6.50 teacher. To order SuperScience, call 1-800-SCHOLAS-TIC Communications relating to subscriptions should be addressed to SCHOLASTIC SUPERSCIENCE MAGAZINE, P.O. Box 3710, 2931 East McCarty Street, Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710 or call toll-free: 1-800-SCHOLASTIC; or go online to www.scholastic.com/custsupport. Communications relating to editorial matters should be addressed to Britt Norlander, SCHOLASTIC SUPERSCIENCE MAGAZINE, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012-3999. E-mail address: [email protected]. Canadian address: Scholastic Canada Ltd., 175 Hillmount R, Markham, ON L6C 1Z7. Copyright © 2007 by Scholastic Corp. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form or format without special permission from the publisher. To order SuperScience, call 1-800-SCHOLASTIC PRINTED IN THE U.S.

For Grades K-4Organisms and environmentsChanges in environments

For Grades 5-8Populations and ecosystems Populations, resources, and environments

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Language Arts—Reading comprehension

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

T4 SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007

PAGE 6 VANISHING APES

BEFORE READINGSet a PurposeTo learn about the threats facing Africa’s gorillas and how scientists are trying to help them survive.

BackgroundGorillas are the world’s largest living primates, a group of animals that includes monkeys and apes. An adult male gorilla can weigh up to 210 kilograms (463 pounds) and stand up to 1.8 meters (6 feet) tall. Scientists first found evidence of the Ebola virus in gorillas in 2002.The Ebola virus is named after the Ebola River. This river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the site of the first known Ebola outbreak in 1976.

Discussion QuestionsWhy might a forest be a better home for a wild animal than an area where there are no trees? (Possible answers: Trees provide food and shelter; animals can hide from predators in a forest.) What might happen if a wild animal gets a contagious illness? (Possible answer: Other animals may catch the illness.)

AFTER READINGDiscussion Questions

Why are gorillas endangered? (Possible answers: They are hunted illegally; their habitat has been destroyed; the Ebola virus is killing them.) Why might it be difficult to give a vaccine to wild gorillas? (Possible answer: Scientists would have to catch each of the animals to give them the medicine.)

RESOURCESwww.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/gorilla/habitat-&-distribution.htm � �Discover more about all of the types of gorillas at this site. �www.congogorillaforest.com/congoconservationchoices �/congogorillaconservation � �Learn what scientists at the Wildlife Conservation Society are doing to try to protect gorillas.

BEFORE READINGESTIMATED TIME: 15 minutes

Discussion QuestionWhat can happen if you interact with a person who has a cold? (Possible answer: You may get sick too.)

Would you be more likely to catch a cold if you came into contact with one person who was sick or with more than one sick person? (Possible answer: More than one sick person.)

AFTER ExPERIMENTINGConclusions:

In the first round, two people had direct contact with the infected person. Answers will vary on how many people had indirect contact with the infected person in the first round.The total number of infected people increased.You could limit the number of interactions among people.

RESOURCEwww.kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/germs.html � �This site has facts about germs and how they spread.

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PAGE 10 CATCH A COLD

For Grades K-4 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Personal health

For Grades 5-8 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Personal health

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Life Skills—Following directions

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

PAGE 11 COOL SCIENCE JOBS

PAGE 12 THE RACE IS ON

For Grades K-4 Organisms and environmentsScience as a human endeavor

For Grades 5-8 Structure and function in living systemsScience as a human endeavor

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Language Arts—Reading comprehension

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

For Grades K-4Types of resourcesScience and technology in local challenges

For Grades 5-8Transfer of energyScience and technology in society

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Language Arts—Reading comprehension

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

BEFORE READINGSet a PurposeTo learn what a rain-forest scientist is and how to become one.

BackgroundThere are two types of rain forests. Tropical rain forests are located near the equator. Temperate rain forests occur at higher latitudes.

BEFORE READINGSet a PurposeTo learn that some race cars are running on ethanol and how use of this fuel protects the environment.

BackgroundEthanol is a liquid made from plants like corn, grains, wheat, and rice. In the U.S., ethanol is primarily made of corn. It is a fuel that can be used by itself or mixed with gasoline.

Discussion QuestionsWhat type of fuel is used in most cars? (Possible answer: Gasoline.)What are some ways that cars can harm the environment? (Possible answer: Cars release pollution into the air; they use a lot of gasoline, a fuel that can run out.)

AFTER READINGDiscussion Question

What are some benefits of using ethanol instead of gasoline? (Possible answers: Ethanol produces less air pollution; it is a renewable resource; it is nontoxic; it is biodegradable.)

RESOURCEwww.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/index.html This kid-friendly site has facts and activities related to the different types of fuels and energy.

Rain forests are found on every continent, except Antarctica.

Discussion QuestionWhy do you think scientists call some forests “rain forests?” (Possible answer: Because these forests get a lot of rain.)

AFTER READINGDiscussion Question

Why is it important to save the world’s rain forests? (Possible answers: More than half of the living things on Earth live in tropical rain forests.)

RESOURCEShttp://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/rainforest/rainforest.asp � �This site has a wealth of information on all types of rain forests.www.pbs.org/edens/borneo/ � �This site includes many rain-forest facts and teaching resources.

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SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007 T5

SuperScience Vol. 18, No. 7 • April 2007 Editorial: Editor: Britt Norlander • Art: Designer: Justin Marshall • Production: Production Editor: Paul Scherr • Copy Chief: Renee Glaser • Copy Editor: Maria Mahon • Senior Photo Editor: Jose Pouso • Magazine Group: Senior VP: Greg Worrell • VP, Editor in Chief: Rebecca Bondor • Associate Editorial Director: Margaret Howlett • Executive Editor: Patricia Janes • Design Director: Judith Christ-Lafond • Executive Editorial Director, Copy Desk: Craig Moskowitz • Executive Production Director: Barbara Schwartz • Publishing System Director: David Hendrickson • Executive Director of Photography: Steven Diamond • Library Manager: Kerry Prendergast • Reference Librarian: Karen Van Rossem • Senior Administrative Coordinator: Mirtha Williams • CIRCULATION & MARKETING: VP, Marketing: Jocelyn Forman • Marketing Manager: Leslie Derison • EDUCATION GROUP: President: Margery Mayer • VP, Finance & Operations: Michael Greenspani • Business Manager: Karen Lo • Director, Manufacturing & Distribution: Mimi Esguerra • Manufacturing Manager: Elyse Hart • CORPORATE: President, Chief Exec. Officer, and Chairman of the Board of Scholastic Inc.: Richard Robinson. • For Advertising/Custom Marketing inquiries call (212) 343-6443.

T6 SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007

BEFORE READINGESTIMATED TIME: 30 minutes

Discussion Question What types of energy are produced when wood is burned? (Possible answers: Heat energy; light energy.)

AFTER ExPERIMENTINGConclusions:

The temperature of the hydrogen peroxide rose after yeast was added to it.Between 20 and 60 seconds.The chemical energy turned into heat energy.

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PAGE 15 ENERGY SOURCE

For Grades K-4 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Light, heat, electricity, and magnetism

For Grades 5-8 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry Transfer of energy

INTEGRATE YOUR CURRICULUM!Life Skills—Following directions

SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

CHANCE TO WIN A DVD BOX SET OF PLANET EARTH: THE COMPLETE SERIES.

SuperScience is giving 5 teachers or school administrators a five-disc DVD box set of Planet Earth: The Complete Series. Narrated by Sir David Attenborough, this series of documentaries explores Earth from the top of Mount Everest to deep beneath the ocean surface.

Winners will be selected by a random drawing. To enter for a chance to win, mail a completed entry form to the address below. Entries must be received by April 30, 2007.

SuperScience Scholastic Inc.

557 Broadway, 4th FloorNew York, NY 10012-3999

Attn: Planet Earth DVD Sweepstakes

Your Name ________________________________________________________________________________

School’s Name _____________________________________________________________________________

School’s Address ____________________________________________________________________________

City _____________________________________________________ State _________ ZIP __________

School Phone # (______) _________________________________

E-mail Address ______________________________________________________________________________SWEEPSTAKES OFFICIAL RULES NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. The “Planet Earth DVD Sweepstakes” begins on March 15, 2007 and ends on May 15, 2007. Five (5) winners will be awarded a five-disc DVD box set of Planet Earth: The Complete Series, estimated retail value $79.98. To enter, print your name, school name, address, and phone number, and E-mail address as indicated on the entry form or a photocopy of the entry form. Mail your completed entry form to SuperScience, Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10012-3999, Attn: Planet Earth DVD Sweepstakes. One entry per person. Entries must be received by April 30, 2007. No other means of entry accepted. All winners will be selected by a random drawing. Winners will be notified by May 15, 2007. Any prize notification or prize returned to the Sponsor or its agencies as undeliverable will result in disqualification and awarding of that prize to an alternate winner. Sweepstakes open to legal residents of the U.S., who are teachers or school administrators in the 2006 to 2007 school year, and who reside and are physically located in the U.S. Employees and the immediate families of employees of Scholastic Inc., its affiliates, subsidiaries, advertising and promotion agencies are ineligible. Void where prohibited or restricted by law. Scholastic Inc. is not responsible for late, lost, stolen, misdirected, damaged, mutilated, postage due, incomplete or illegible entries or mail. Odds of winning depend on number of entries received. All prizes will be awarded. All entrants, as a condition of entry, agree to release Scholastic Inc., its affiliates, subsidiaries, distributors, advertising and promotion agencies from any and all liability for injuries or damages of any kind sustained through participation in this sweepstakes and/or use of a prize once accepted. No cash substitutions, transfers or assignments of prizes allowed, except by Scholastic Inc. in case of unavailability, in which case a prize of equal or greater value will be awarded. By accepting the prize, each winner grants to Scholastic the right to use his or her name, likeness, hometown, biographical information, and entry for purposes of advertising and promotion without further notice or compensation, except where prohibited by law. Taxes on prizes are the sole responsibility of the prize winners. For the names of the prize winners, send a self-addressed stamped envelope to: SuperScience-sweepstakes winners, Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10012-3999 by June 1, 2007.

Sponsor: Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012

SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007 T7

ASSESSMENTANSWERS ON PAGE T3

COPY MEONE PER STUDENT

Name: _________________________________________ Date: ____________

PERMISSION GRANTED TO REPRODUCE FOR CLASSROOM USE ONLY. COPYRIGHT © 2007 BY SCHOLASTIC INC.

CORN POWER

CHANCE TO WIN A DVD BOX SET OF PLANET EARTH: THE COMPLETE SERIES.

The graph below shows how much corn in the U.S. is used to make ethanol fuel each year. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow.

1. In which year were the fewest bushels of corn used? _______________

2. Approximately how many bushels of corn were used to make ethanol in 1994? _______________

3. Approximately how many more bushels of corn were used to make ethanol in 2002 than were

used in 2001? ________________________

4. Between which two years did the amount of corn used to make ethanol increase the most?

________________________

BONUS: There are 56 pounds of corn in one bushel. Approximately how many pounds of corn

were used to make ethanol in 2006? ___________________

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T8 SuperScience Teacher’s Edition • APRIL 2007

No-Sweat Bubble Test(reading comprehension)

DIRECTIONS: Read each question below, and then use the article “Vanishing Apes” (pp. 6-9) to determine the best answer. Fill in each correct bubble completely.

ASSESSMENTANSWERS ON PAGE T3

COPY MEONE PER STUDENT

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________

7. HowcouldremovinglogsinrivershelpslowthespreadofEbolaamonggorillas?

Without the logs, gorillas would no longer live in the forests.Gorillas could leave areas where there is Ebola by swimming across the rivers.Gorillas on opposite sides of the river wouldn’t mix.Ebola can spread when it comes in contact with logs.

1. Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowinganimalsisagreatape?

monkey chimpanzee leopard lemur

6. WhyisiteasyforEbolatospreadamonggorillaslivinginAfrica’sprotectedparks?

There are many gorillas in the parks.The gorillas in the parks don’t come in contact with each other.There are no trees to protect the gorillas in the parks.Lots of people who are infected with Ebola go into the parks.

5. A(n)____isatinyparticlethatinvadesalivingcellandcancausedisease.

predatorinfectionvirusvaccine

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4. Whatisonereasonthatgorillasneedtreestosurvive?

Gorillas spend all of their time climbing in trees.Trees help protect gorillas from predators like leopards.Illegal hunters never enter forests.all of the above

3. Whyisthegorillas’habitatdisappearing?

Trees in Africa’s forests are dying from disease in record numbers.People have cut down trees in Africa’s forests to sell the wood.Other animals have taken over the gorillas’ habitat.People have stopped building farms in Africa.

2. InwhichofthefollowingAfricancountriesdogorillaslive?

Gabon Egypt South Africa Namibia