Turkey, Cyprus & The EU

Turkey & The EU

Turkey & The EU

Erdogan and the AKP

Turkey & The EU

Turkey & The EUIssues for Accession

• Population• NATO• Kurdish Issue• Economics• Civil Military Relations• Religion• Gastarbeiter• Cyprus• Immigration to the EU

The Cyprus Conflict

The Cyprus Conflict

Timeline• 1878 Ottomans cede Cyprus to Britain for

protection against Russia• Enosis• 1931 Uprising/Constitution Revoked• 1946 Consultative Assembly/rtn of 31 exiles• 1950 Michael Mouskos becomes Archbishop

Makarios III

The Cyprus Conflict

Archbishop Makarios III

The Cyprus Conflict

• 1954 Greece calls on UN to enforce self-determination for the people of Cyprus

• 1954 Britain & Turkey rejects call for enosis• 1955 Open Rebellion/EOKA George Grivas

leads guerrilla war against the British/TMT forms (Turk Mukavenet Teskilatu)

• 1960 (9 August) Cypriot Independence• Treaty of Guarantee: Britain, Turkey & Greece

The Cyprus Conflict

• 1963 Makarios introduces new constitution which ensures dominance of Greek Cypriots

• Looting and destruction of Turkish villages creates enclaves and revival of TMT/

• Fear of Turkish invasion, Makarios agrees to British intervention

• 1964 6500 UN Peacekeepers join British soldiers

The Cyprus Conflict

• 1964 National Guard formed by Greek Cypriot Government as deterrent to Turkish invasion/Grivas returns to command

• 1967 Military Coup in Athens/Makarios moves to nonalignment

• National Guard subverted by right-wing pro-enosis officers and splits with Makarios/EOKA B supported by Greek Junta

The Cyprus Conflict

• 1974 Grivas dies of heart attack. National Guard comes more under control of Athens Junta

• Makarios demands removal of 650 Greek officers in National Guard

• July 15 Reply comes in the form of coup led by EOKA gunman and convicted murderer Nicos Sampson

• Makarios narrowly escapes palace attack to London• Failed London negotiations result in Turkish invasion

on 20 July 1974

The Cyprus Conflict

The Invasion of Cyprus 1974

►15 July 1974 – The government of Archbishop Markarios overthrown by Nikos Sampson

►17 July 1974 – Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit flys to London

►20 July 1974 – Turkish forces invade northern Cyprus

►21 July 1974 – The attack on destroyers Kocatepe, Adatepe, and F.V. Cakmak northwest of Cape Arnauti

The Cyprus Conflict

Turkish Invasion of 1974

CDR Guven Erkaya

T.C.G. KocatepeEx-USS Harwood

T.C.G Kocatepe

T.C.G Kocatepe

Admiral Guven Erkaya

28 Feb 97

The Cyprus Conflict

Defacto partition of Cyprus since 1974 – The”Atilla” Line

The Cyprus Conflict

• Annan Settlement and Referendum 2004– Presidential council (6 members, 4 Greek, 2 Turks)– Bicameral legislature (upper house 24:24, Lower

house proportional)– Supreme Court (Equal representation)– 65% Turkish approval– 73% Greek dissapproval

The Cyprus Conflict

2011 Istanbul1974 TCG Kocatepe

The Turkish Military as the protector of The Turkish Secular

Democracy

The Cyprus Conflict

The Future?

The Cyprus Conflict