Turf Sprinkler IrrigationTurf Sprinkler Irrigation

Trenching for turf system mainlines and lateralsTrenching for turf system mainlines and laterals

A 3-inch mainline supplying a 2 ½-inch lateralA 3-inch mainline supplying a 2 ½-inch lateral

Swing arm plumbing for large turf sprinkler headSwing arm plumbing for large turf sprinkler head

A plumbed sprinkler head ready for wiring and backfillingA plumbed sprinkler head ready for wiring and backfilling

HunterHunter®® valve-in-head turbine driven rotor sprinkler valve-in-head turbine driven rotor sprinkler

P= 70 psiP= 70 psi qqss=50.5 gpm=50.5 gpm DDww=170 ft=170 ft

P= 80 psiP= 80 psi qqss=53.5 gpm=53.5 gpm DDww=176 ft=176 ft

P= 90 psiP= 90 psi qqss=57.4 gpm=57.4 gpm DDww=180 ft=180 ft

P=100 psiP=100 psi qqss=59.5 gpm=59.5 gpm DDww=184 ft=184 ft

#53 (53/128”) range nozzle #53 (53/128”) range nozzle ++ #24 (3/16”) spreader nozzle #24 (3/16”) spreader nozzle

Valve-in-head sprinklerValve-in-head sprinkler

Wire to connect controller to valvesWire to connect controller to valves

Individual “Hot” wires (Red; typically 14 AWG) to each valveIndividual “Hot” wires (Red; typically 14 AWG) to each valve

A single “Common” wire (White; typically 12 AWG) for all valvesA single “Common” wire (White; typically 12 AWG) for all valves

Gel-filled waterproof connector cover for buried wire splicesGel-filled waterproof connector cover for buried wire splices

Bundling extra wire to ease future repair operationsBundling extra wire to ease future repair operations

Newly back-filled turf headNewly back-filled turf head

Low pressure drain for lateral linesLow pressure drain for lateral lines

Adapter for “Funny Pipe” riser and low pressure drainAdapter for “Funny Pipe” riser and low pressure drain

Small turf head with “Funny Pipe” connector attachedSmall turf head with “Funny Pipe” connector attached

Home Landscape Home Landscape IrrigationIrrigation

4.6

4.6

Separate meter for home landscape irrigation system Separate meter for home landscape irrigation system

Irrigation rate for city water (no sewer charge)Irrigation rate for city water (no sewer charge)

Meter Size, inchesMeter Size, inches 5/85/8 ¾¾ 11

Maximum Capacity, gpmMaximum Capacity, gpm 2020 3030 5050

Recommended Capacity, gpmRecommended Capacity, gpm 1515 22.522.5 37.537.5

¾-inch Electric Diaphragm Valve¾-inch Electric Diaphragm Valve

Golf Course Irrigation ZonesGolf Course Irrigation Zones

Different zones because of differences in-Different zones because of differences in-

• Turf varieties:Turf varieties: bent, bermuda, etc. bent, bermuda, etc.

• Soils:Soils: sand-based greens, native soil fairways sand-based greens, native soil fairways

• Traffic load:Traffic load: tee boxes, greens, walk-up areas tee boxes, greens, walk-up areas

• Canopy maintenance:Canopy maintenance: fairways, rough fairways, rough

- Putting Green Zone- Putting Green Zone

- Walk-up Area Zone- Walk-up Area Zone

- Fairway Zone- Fairway Zone

-Tee Box Zone-Tee Box Zone

Golf Course Irrigation ZonesGolf Course Irrigation Zones

Lateral Line Layout for Parallel FairwaysLateral Line Layout for Parallel Fairways(2 conventional sprinklers per valve)(2 conventional sprinklers per valve)

Mainline Mainline SupplySupply

Water Water FlowFlow

ValveValve

Looped Supply Lines on Parallel FairwaysLooped Supply Lines on Parallel Fairways(Valve-in-Head Fairway and Tee Box Sprinklers)(Valve-in-Head Fairway and Tee Box Sprinklers)

(Conventional Green Sprinklers)(Conventional Green Sprinklers)

Fairway Runoff Research PlotsFairway Runoff Research Plotsat OSU Turf Research Farmat OSU Turf Research Farm

Effect of Slope and Sprinkler Leveling on CoverageEffect of Slope and Sprinkler Leveling on Coverage

Sprinkler axis perpendicular to ground slopeSprinkler axis perpendicular to ground slope

Sprinkler axis verticalSprinkler axis vertical

Irrigation Control SoftwareIrrigation Control Software

Adjustment of Watering TimeAdjustment of Watering Time

Watering time can be increased or decreased according to Watering time can be increased or decreased according to prevailing water use conditions (ET). ET can be taken from a prevailing water use conditions (ET). ET can be taken from a weather station on site provided by the supplier, or taken from weather station on site provided by the supplier, or taken from some generic source (eg., Mesonet). Adjustments can be system-some generic source (eg., Mesonet). Adjustments can be system-wide, or for any subset of zones within the system.wide, or for any subset of zones within the system.

The terminology and capabilities of each controller/software The terminology and capabilities of each controller/software package will vary. On-the-job training (RYFM) and/or a package will vary. On-the-job training (RYFM) and/or a training seminar from the manufacturer will be necessary.training seminar from the manufacturer will be necessary.

Irrigation TimingIrrigation Timing

The ON/OFF timing of the irrigation system must be coordinated The ON/OFF timing of the irrigation system must be coordinated to avoid interference with play, mowing, and other maintenance to avoid interference with play, mowing, and other maintenance while not exceeding the capacity of the water supply.while not exceeding the capacity of the water supply.

Time and Flow Rate Constraints (Q t = kTime and Flow Rate Constraints (Q t = kvv A d) A d)

Most controller software will allow you to program in Most controller software will allow you to program in constraints of available water flow rate. Once you program the constraints of available water flow rate. Once you program the on time for each zone, the controller will sequence the zones to on time for each zone, the controller will sequence the zones to maintain total flow within the constraint. A graphical output maintain total flow within the constraint. A graphical output will show the time required to determine if irrigation will be will show the time required to determine if irrigation will be completed within the available time.completed within the available time.

Record KeepingRecord Keeping

Most controller software can also be programmed to maintain a Most controller software can also be programmed to maintain a history of on times, depths applied, gallons pumped, etc. These history of on times, depths applied, gallons pumped, etc. These data can be extremely helpful in budgeting, troubleshooting and data can be extremely helpful in budgeting, troubleshooting and other management decisions.other management decisions.

Antenna Transmitting Signals from Main Controller to SatellitesAntenna Transmitting Signals from Main Controller to Satellites

Typical Satellite Irrigation ControllerTypical Satellite Irrigation Controller

Electronics Linking Satellite Controller to Main ControllerElectronics Linking Satellite Controller to Main Controller

Connections from Zone Valves to Satellite ControllerConnections from Zone Valves to Satellite Controller

Common wires Common wires from 3 holesfrom 3 holes

24-volt AC hot wires 24-volt AC hot wires from each zone valve from each zone valve on 3 holeson 3 holes

Completed valve-in-head sprinkler installation ready for back-fillingCompleted valve-in-head sprinkler installation ready for back-filling

Valve-in-Head Sprinkler ComponentsValve-in-Head Sprinkler Components

Housing/CaseHousing/Case Main NozzleMain Nozzle RotorRotor

CoverCover

Spreader NozzlesSpreader Nozzles

Water supply tube Water supply tube for valve operationfor valve operation

SolenoidSolenoid

Large Turbine-Driven Rotor Sprinkler for Fairway IrrigationLarge Turbine-Driven Rotor Sprinkler for Fairway Irrigation

Diaphragm Valve (24-v. AC) to Control a Multiple-Head ZoneDiaphragm Valve (24-v. AC) to Control a Multiple-Head Zone

Electrically Operated Diaphragm Valve CutawayElectrically Operated Diaphragm Valve Cutaway

SolenoidSolenoid

Solenoid plungerSolenoid plunger

Port carrying Port carrying pressurized water to pressurized water to inflate diaphragminflate diaphragm

Port allowing water Port allowing water trapped behind trapped behind diaphragm to be venteddiaphragm to be vented

Optional flow Optional flow control screw control screw adjustmentadjustment

DiaphragmDiaphragm

Valve seatValve seat

SpringSpring

1-inch Electric Diaphragm Valve w/ Flow Control1-inch Electric Diaphragm Valve w/ Flow Control

24 VAC solenoid24 VAC solenoid

Manual flow control adjustmentManual flow control adjustment

Internal/external Internal/external bleed portbleed port

PressurizationPressurization PortPort

SpringSpring

Valve BodyValve Body

24-VAC Solenoid24-VAC Solenoid

Drain PortDrain Port

Valve SeatValve Seat

Valve CapValve Cap Diaphragm DiaphragmAuto Manual Auto Manual Drain Bleed Drain Bleed Port ValvePort Valve

Solenoid Plunger & Solenoid Plunger & Drain Port SealDrain Port Seal

Water FlowWater Flow

TopsideTopside

CapCap Underside Underside DiaphragmDiaphragm

Pressurization Pressurization PortPortAuto Bleed Auto Bleed

PortPort

Manual External Manual External Bleed ValveBleed Valve

Diaphragm Valve Seal

Inexpensive 4-zone controller with transformerInexpensive 4-zone controller with transformer

Valve-in-head Valve-in-head SprinklersSprinklers

ControllerController

Conventional SprinklersConventional Sprinklers

Electric ValveElectric Valve

Control WiringControl Wiring

Turf Sprinkler ControlTurf Sprinkler Control

MainlineMainline

Lateral Lines

Pumping Plant InstallationsPumping Plant Installations

WaterWater

PowerPower Security Security

AccessAccess

PondPond

Intake GalleryIntake Gallery

Pump WellPump Well

Vertical Turbine Surface Water Pumping StationVertical Turbine Surface Water Pumping Station

Allowable Allowable water level water level fluctuationfluctuation

Typical Golf Course Pump HouseTypical Golf Course Pump House

60-HP Holloshaft Motors on Vertical Turbine Pumps60-HP Holloshaft Motors on Vertical Turbine Pumps

Electric Pump Control PanelElectric Pump Control Panel

A complex control panel to A complex control panel to operate and protect an electric operate and protect an electric irrigation pump may include:irrigation pump may include:

- over-current protectionover-current protection

- phase protectionphase protection

-lightning arrestorslightning arrestors

-computerized control for:computerized control for:

-soft startsoft start

-reduced speed operationreduced speed operation

Computerized Motor ControlComputerized Motor Control

Computerized motor control Computerized motor control allows soft starts, which reduce the allows soft starts, which reduce the current flow when the motor rotor current flow when the motor rotor is not yet up to full speed.is not yet up to full speed.

Computerized control can also Computerized control can also artificially alter the frequency of artificially alter the frequency of the electric supply, allowing the the electric supply, allowing the motor to operate at speeds other motor to operate at speeds other than nominal synchronous speeds than nominal synchronous speeds (3600, 1800, or 1200 RPM).(3600, 1800, or 1200 RPM).

Computerized control panels can log performance dataComputerized control panels can log performance data

Pulse-count Water Meters Provide Feedback to Irrigation ControllersPulse-count Water Meters Provide Feedback to Irrigation Controllers

Magnetic pick-up counts Magnetic pick-up counts meter revolutionsmeter revolutions

Paddle-wheel water meterPaddle-wheel water meter

Signal wire connected Signal wire connected to irrigation controllerto irrigation controller

Pressure Regulating Valve Controls Output Pressure from Pump StationPressure Regulating Valve Controls Output Pressure from Pump Station

Some diaphragm valves are equipped with a Schrader valve that Some diaphragm valves are equipped with a Schrader valve that will allow measurement of pressure in the valve during operationwill allow measurement of pressure in the valve during operation

Pressure GaugePressure Gauge

Schrader ValveSchrader Valve

Schrader Valve FittingSchrader Valve Fitting

Pitot Gauge for Measuring Sprinkler Outlet PressurePitot Gauge for Measuring Sprinkler Outlet Pressure

USGA Putting Green ProfileUSGA Putting Green Profile

Root Zone MixRoot Zone Mix

Coarse grained materialCoarse grained material

(loamy fine sand – fine sand)(loamy fine sand – fine sand)

(Hyd. Conductivity > 6 in./hr)(Hyd. Conductivity > 6 in./hr)

Intermediate LayerIntermediate Layer(coarse sand – fine gravel)(coarse sand – fine gravel)

Crushed StoneCrushed Stone

Native SoilNative Soil

12 in.12 in.

4 in.4 in.

4 in.4 in.

8 in.8 in.

Drainage LinesDrainage Lines

Titleist

Green IrrigationGreen Irrigation(USGA Specification Greens)(USGA Specification Greens)

• Flushing once per weekFlushing once per week– Heavy irrigation that wets entire profile depth Heavy irrigation that wets entire profile depth

and produces leachate to the drainage systemand produces leachate to the drainage system

• Hand watering dailyHand watering daily– Concentrate on areas that dry out quicklyConcentrate on areas that dry out quickly

• Shoulders of elevated greensShoulders of elevated greens

• High spots in undulating greensHigh spots in undulating greens

• Late summer (August)Late summer (August)– Increase flushing schedule to every 6 days or Increase flushing schedule to every 6 days or

even every 5 dayseven every 5 days

Hand watering will supplement irrigation system watering on Hand watering will supplement irrigation system watering on areas which dry out more rapidly due to elevation contoursareas which dry out more rapidly due to elevation contours

Elevated portions of greens Elevated portions of greens will dry out quickerwill dry out quicker

Fringe areas of elevated greens will dry out more quicklyFringe areas of elevated greens will dry out more quickly

Backflow PreventionBackflow Prevention

Protects water source from contamination Protects water source from contamination by non-potable water in case of unexpected by non-potable water in case of unexpected pressure loss in the system. Required by pressure loss in the system. Required by plumbing code in the case of permanent plumbing code in the case of permanent sprinkler systems. Required by federal law sprinkler systems. Required by federal law on irrigation systems which apply fertilizer on irrigation systems which apply fertilizer and pesticides (chemigation systems).and pesticides (chemigation systems).

Backflow PreventersBackflow Preventers

• Gooseneck pipe loop with Pressure Vacuum Gooseneck pipe loop with Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB)Breaker (PVB)

• Reduced Pressure Zone device (RPZ)Reduced Pressure Zone device (RPZ)

• Double check valve (Not approved for Double check valve (Not approved for public water systems)public water systems)

Gooseneck pipe loop w/ PVB backflow preventerGooseneck pipe loop w/ PVB backflow preventer

2 ft min. above 2 ft min. above highest outlethighest outlet

Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Backflow Preventer

Electric Piston Valve with Anti-siphon ValveElectric Piston Valve with Anti-siphon Valve

24-VAC solenoid24-VAC solenoid

Flow PathFlow Path

Manual Manual flow control flow control adjustmentadjustment

Anti-siphon Anti-siphon AVB valveAVB valve