turabian endnote footnote citations

8/12/2019 Turabian Endnote Footnote Citations

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KATE TURABIAN: Footnote/Endnote Citations

BOOKS

When citing books, the following are elements you may need to include in yourbibliographic citation for your first footnote or endnote and in your bibliography, in

this order:

1. Author or editor;2. Title;3. Compiler, translator or editor (if an editor is listed in addition to an author);4. Edition;5. Name of series, including volume or number used;6. Place of publication, publisher and date of publication;7. Page numbers of citation (for footnote or endnote).

Books with One Author or Corporate Author

Text:

Author:

Charles Hullmandel experimented with lithographic techniques throughout the earlynineteenth century, patenting the "lithotint" process in 1840.1

Editor:

Human beings are the sources of "all international politics"; even though the holdersof political power may change, this remains the same.1

Corporate Author:

Children of Central and Eastern Europe have not escaped the nutritional ramificationsof iron deficiency, a worldwide problem.1

First footnote:

1Michael Twyman, Lithography 1800-1850(London: Oxford University Press, 1970),145-146.

1Valerie M. Hudson, ed., Culture and Foreign Policy(Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers,1997), 5.


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1UNICEF, Generation in Jeopardy: Children in Central and Eastern Europe and theFormerSoviet Union, edited by Alexander Zouev (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1999),44.

Note the different treatment of an editor's name depending on whether the editor

takes the place of an author (second example) or is listed in addition to the author(third example).

Subsequent footnotes:

Method A: Include the author or editor's last name, the title (or an abbreviatedtitle) and the page number cited.

2Twyman, Lithography 1800-1850,50.

2Hudson, ed., Culture and Foreign Policy, 10.

2UNICEF, Generation in Jeopardy, 48.

Method B:Include only the author or editor's last name and the page number,leaving out the title.

2Twyman, 50.

2Hudson, ed., 10.

2UNICEF, 48.

Use Method A if you need to cite more than one reference by the same author.

Endnote:

1. Michael Twyman, Lithography 1800-1850 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970),145-146.

2. Ibid.Ibid., short for ibidem, means "in the same place." Use ibid. if you cite the same pageof the same work in succession without a different reference intervening.

If you need to cite a different page of the same work, include the page number.For example: 2Ibid., 50.


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Bibliography:

Hudson, Valerie, N., ed. Culture and Foreign Policy. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers,1997.

Twyman, Michael. Lithography 1800-1850. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.UNICEF. Generation in Jeopardy: Children in Central and Eastern Europe and the

Former Soviet Union. Edited by Alexander Zouev. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe,1999.

Books with Two or More Authors or Editors

First footnote:

1Russell Keat and John Urry, Social Theory as Science,2d ed. (London: Routledgeand K. Paul, 1982), 196.

1Toyoma Hitomi, "The Era of Dandy Beauties," in Queer Voices from Japan: First-Person Narratives from Japan's Sexual Minorities, eds. Mark J. McLelland, KatsuhikoSuganuma, and James Welker(Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007), 157.

For references with more than three authors, cite the first named author followed by"et al." Cite all the authors in the bibliography.

1Leonard B. Meyer, et al., The Concept of Style, ed. Berel Lang

(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979), 56.


2Keat and Urry, Social Theory as Science, 200.

2Meyer, et al., The Concept of Style, 90.

Bibliography:

Keat, Russell, and John Urry. Social Theory as Science, 2d. ed. London: Routledge

and K. Paul, 1982.

Hitomi, Toyoma. "The Era of Dandy Beauties." In Queer Voices from Japan: First-Person Narratives from Japan's Sexual Minorities, edited by Mark J. McLelland,Katsuhiko Suganuma, and James Welker, 153-165.Lanham, MD: Lexington Books,2007.


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Meyer, Leonard B., Kendall Walton, Albert Hofstadter, Svetlana Alpers, GeorgeKubler, Richard Wolheim, Monroe Beardsley, Seymour Chatman, Ann Banfield, andHayden White. TheConcept of Style. Edited by Berel Lang. Philadelphia: Universityof Pennsylvania Press, 1979.

Electronic Books

Follow the guidelines for print books, above, but include the collection (if there isone), URL and the date you accessed the material.

First footnote:

1John Rae, Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of PoliticalEconomy(Boston: Hillard, Gray and Company, 1834), in The Making of the ModernWorld,http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a

&ste=14(accessed June 22, 2009).


2Rae, Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy.

Bibliography:

Rae, John. Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of PoliticalEconomy. Boston: Hillard, Gray and Company, 1834. In The Making of the ModernWorld,http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a

&ste=14(accessed June 22, 2009).

PERIODICAL ARTICLES

For periodical (magazine, journal, newspaper, etc.) articles, include some or all ofthe following elements in your first footnote or endnote and in your bibliography, inthis order:

1. Author;2. Article title;3. Periodical title;4. Volume or Issue number (or both);5. Publication date;6. Page numbers.
http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?af=RN&ae=U104874605&srchtp=a&ste=14


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For online periodicals ,add:

7. URL and date of access; or

8. Database name, URL and date of access. (If available, include database publisherand city of publication.)

For an article available in more than one format (print, online, etc.), citewhichever version you used.

Journal Articles (Print)

First footnote:

1Lawrence Freedman, "The Changing Roles of Military Conflict," Survival40, no.4 (1998): 52.

Here you are citing page 52. In the bibliography (see below) you would include thefull page range: 39-56.

If a journal has continuous pagination within a volume, you do not need to include theissue number:

1John T. Kirby, "Aristotle on Metaphor,"American Journal of Philology118(1997): 520.


2Freedman, "The Changing Roles of Military Conflict," 49.

2Kirby, "Aristotle on Metaphor," 545.

Bibliography:

Freedman, Lawrence. "The Changing Roles of Miltary Conflict." Survival40, no.4 (1998): 39-56.

Kirby, John T. "Aristotle on Metaphor."American Journal of Philology118(1997): 517-554.


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Journal Articles (Online)

Cite as above, but include the URL and the date of access of the article.

First footnote:

On the Free Web

1Molly Shea, "Hacking Nostalgia: Super Mario Clouds," Gnovis9, no. 2 (Spring2009),http://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-clouds(accessed June 25, 2009).

Through a Subscription Database

1John T. Kirby, "Aristotle on Metaphor,"American Journal of Philology118, no.4 (Winter 1997):524,http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.html(accessed June 25, 2009).

1Michael Moon, et al., "Queers in (Single-Family) Space,"Assemblage24 (August 1994):32,http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189(accessed June 25, 2009).

Subsequent Footnotes:

2Shea, "Hacking Nostalgia."

2Kirby, "Aristotle on Metaphor," 527.

2Moon, "Queers in (Single-Family) Space," 34.

Bibliography:

Shea, Molly. "Hacking Nostalgia: Super Mario Clouds," Gnovis9, no. 2 (Spring2009),http://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-clouds(accessed June 25, 2009).

Kirby, John T. "Aristotle on Metaphor,"American Journal of Philology118, no.

4 (Winter 1997):524,http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.html(accessed June 25, 2009).

Moon, Michael, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Benjamin Gianni, and Scott Weir. "Queers in(Single-Family) Space."Assemblage 24 (August 1994): 30-7,http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189(accessed June 25, 2009).
http://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3171189http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_philology/v118/118.4.kirby.htmlhttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-cloudshttp://gnovisjournal.org/journal/hacking-nostalgia-super-mario-clouds


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Magazine Articles (Print)

First footnote:

Monthly or Bimonthly

1Paul Goldberger, "Machines for Living: The Architectonic Allure of theAutomobile,"Architectural Digest,October 1996, 82.Weekly

1Steven Levy and Brad Stone, "Silicon Valley Reboots," Newsweek, March 25,2002, 45.


2Goldberger, "Machines for Living," 82.

2Levy and Stone, "Silicon Valley Reboots," 46.

Bibliography:

Goldberger, Paul. "Machines for Living: The Architectonic Allure of theAutomobile."ArchitecturalDigest, October 1996.

Levy, Steven, and Brad Stone. "Silicon Valley Reboots." Newsweek, March 25, 2002.

Magazine Articles (Online)

Follow the guidelines for print magazine articles, adding the URL and date accessed.

First footnote:

1Bill Wyman, "Tony Soprano's Female Trouble," Salon.com,May 19,2001,http://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.html(accessed June 27, 2009).

1Sasha Frere-Jones, "Hip-Hop President." New Yorker, November 24,2008,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-live(accessed June 26, 2009).
http://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.html


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Bibliography:

Wyman, Bill. "Tony Soprano's Female Trouble." Salon.com,May 19,2001,http://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.html(accessed June 27, 2009).

Frere-Jones, Sasha. "Hip-Hop President." New Yorker, November 24,2008.http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-live(accessed June 26, 2009).

Newspaper Articles

In most cases, you will cite newspaper articles only in notes, not in your bibliography.Follow the general pattern for citing magazine articles, although you may omit pagenumbers.

In Print

1Eric Pianin, "Use of Arsenic in Wood Products to End," Washington Post, February13, 2002, final edition.

Online

1Eric Pianin, "Use of Arsenic in Wood Products to End," Washington Post, February13, 2002, final edition, in LexisNexis Academic (accessed June 27, 2009).

Note: In the example above, there was no stable URL for the article in LexisNexis, sothe name of the database was given rather than a URL.

Review Articles

Follow the pattern below for review articles in any kind of periodical.

First footnote:

1

Alanna Nash, "Hit 'Em With a Lizard," review ofBasket Case,by Carl Hiassen, NewYorkTimes, February 3,2002,http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&R...(accessed June 26, 2009).

1David Denby, "Killing Joke," review of No Country for Old Men, directed by Ethan andJoel Coen, New Yorker, February 25, 2008, 72-73,
http://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=105338185&sid=2&Fmt=6&clientId=5604&RQT=309&VName=PQDhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35324426&site=ehost-livehttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.htmlhttp://archive.salon.com/ent/tv/feature/2001/05/19/sopranos_final/index.html


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http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fah&AN=30033248&site=ehost-live (accessed June 26, 2009).

Second footnote:

2Nash, "Hit 'Em With a Lizard."

2Denby, "Killing Joke."

WEBSITES

In most cases, you will be citing something smaller than an entire website. If you areciting an article from a website, for example, follow the guidelines for articles above.

You can usually refer to an entire website in running text without including it in yourreference list, e.g.: "According to its website, the Financial Accounting StandardsBoard requires ...".

If you need to cite an entire website in your bibliography, include some or all of thefollowing elements, in this order:

1. Author or editor of the website (if known)2. Title of the website3. URL4. Date of access

Example:

Financial Accounting Standards Board.http://www.fasb.org(accessed April 29,2009).
http://www.fasb.org/http://www.fasb.org/http://www.fasb.org/http://www.fasb.org/

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