tunnel ventilation design
DESCRIPTION
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Tunnel Ventilation
The Basics
13th July 2013
Tunnel Ventilation Design
• What is Tunnel Ventilation• Operational Objectives of Tunnel Ventilation• Tunnel Ventilation Operation• Tunnel Ventilation – Proving the Design
Tunnels
Normal ModeObjectives• Effective Draft Relief• Effective Trackway Ventilation• 37.5oC Average• 40oC Maximum
Draft Relief Shaft
Draft Relief Damper
TVS Intake/Exhaust
Over track Exhaust
Underplatform Supply
Station Box Station Box
TunnelsTunnels TunnelsTrackway Trackway
Congested ModeObjectives• Effective Ventilation within the Tunnel• 40oC Average Tunnel Temperature• 45oC Maximum Temperature
Draft Relief Shaft
Draft Relief Damper
TVS Intake/Exhaust
Bypass Damper
Tunnel Vent Fans
Emergency ModeObjectives• Effective Smoke Control within the Tunnel & Stations• Smoke is pushed towards exhaust point• Passengers evacuate toward fresh air flow, opposite to smoke flow direction• Fans can be operated in forward or reverse direction.• All components fire rated for 250oC for 2 hours
Draft Relief Shaft
Draft Relief Damper
TVS Intake/Exhaust
Bypass Damper
Tunnel Vent Fans
Passenger Evacuation
TVS Operation• Main Control is from the Operational Control Centre (OCC) via
FSCADA• Configuration of TVS System across the Underground is by
Master Mode from the Operational Control Centre• Dual redundant PLCs pre-programmed with Master mode data at
each Station or IVS• Local control at SCR or FCR in the event of FSCADA failure• Manual control at MCC in the event of total control system
failure• Fire detection by linear heat detection cable in tunnel, train
mounted smoke detector, train mounted CCTV or passenger notification
• If possible, move incident train to next station to evacuate• Train stopped in tunnel – location indicated by signalling system
TVS Master Mode Table
Project Name KL Blue Line
TVS MODE TABLE Project No.
Date
MASTER MODE TABLE
By
NORTHBOUND Status
Rev
Tunnel Ventilation Zone(s) where incident train is
located
Location of Fire
Tunnel Section EMERGENCY
NORTH BOUND SMOKE EXTRACTION DIRECTION
PR-NFront and
Rear PR NB130 PR Trackway, TVS NB Both Ends
PR-N & PR-N-SFront and
Rear PR NB, PR NB South
131 Trackway and PR NB South EndPR-N & PR-N-S & PR-COC-N
Front and Rear PR NB, PR NB South, Tunnel between PR and COC NB
PR-N-S & PR-COC-NFront and
Rear PR NB South, Tunnel between PR and COC NB
PR-COC-N Front Tunnel between PR and COC NB 132 To PR
PR-COC-N Rear Tunnel between PR and COC NB 133 To COC
PR-COC-N & COC-N-NFront and
Rear Tunnel between PR and COC NB, COC NB North
134 Trackway and COC NB North EndPR-COC-N & COC-N-N & COC-N
Front and Rear Tunnel between PR and COC NB, COC NB North, COC NB
COC-N-N & COC-NFront and
Rear COC NB North, COC NB
COC-NFront and
Rear COC NB135 COC Trackway, TVS NB Both Ends
COC-N, COC-N-SFront and
Rear COC NB, COC NB South
136 Trackway and COC NB South EndCOC-N, COC-N-S, COC-MAL-N
Front and Rear COC NB, COC NB South, Tunnel between COC and MAL NB
COC-N-S, COC-MAL-NFront and
Rear COC NB South, Tunnel between COC and MAL NB
COC-MALX-N Front Tunnel between COC and MALX NB 137 To COC
COC-MALX-N Rear Tunnel between COC and MALX NB 138 To MALX
COC-MALX-N, MALX-NFront and
Rear Tunnel between COC and MAL X NB, 139 To MALX
COC-MALX-N, MALX-N, MALX-MAL-N
Front and Rear Tunnel between COC and MALX NB, MALX and MAL NB
Project Name
TVS OPERATION MODE TABLE Project No.
Date
STN 020 - PASAR RAKYAT STATION By
Status
Rev
Master Mode Reference
Ventilation Zone Smoke Ventilation Directions
Mode Description
EQUIPMENT REFERENCE
North End South End Trackway Exhaust System Trackway Supply System
SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB
TVF DRD 401 MSD 403 MSD 404 TVF DRD 402 MSD 203 MSD 204 TEF MSD 703 MSD 704 TSF MSD 713 MSD 714
NORMAL AND CONGESTION MODE
0
System Off OFF O O O OFF O O O OFF C C OFF C C10 Normal - W/ Trackway Ventilation OFF O O O OFF O O O 2E O O 2S O O11 Normal - WO/ Trackway Ventilation OFF O O O OFF O O O OFF C C OFF C C40 IVS2-PR-N and IVS2-PR-S Congestion in Tunnel between IVS 2 and Pasar Rakyat NB 1S C C O AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS41 IVS2-PR-N and IVS2-PR-S Congestion in Tunnel between IVS 2 and Pasar Rakyat SB 1S C O C AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS
42PR-N-N and PR-N-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat North End NB
1S C C O 1S C C O AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-ISPR-N and PR-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat NBPR-S-N and PR-S-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat South End NB
43PR-N-N and PR-N-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat North End SB
1S C O C 1S C O C AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-ISPR-N and PR-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat SBPR-S-N and PR-S-S Congestion in Pasar Rakyat South End SB
44 PR-COC-N and PR-COC-S Congestion in Tunnel between Pasar Rakyat and Cochrane NB AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS 1S C C O AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS45 PR-COC-N and PR-COC-S Congestion in Tunnel between Pasar Rakyat and Cochrane SB AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS 1S C O C AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS AS-IS
EMERGENCY MODE NORTHBOUND
126BB-IVS2-N & IVS-N & IVS-PR-N - Front and Rear
To IVS2Emergency Tunnel between BB and IVS2 NB, IVS NB, Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB
1S C C O OFF C C C OFF C C OFF C CIVS-N & IVS-PR-N - Front and Rear Emergency IVS NB, Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB
127 IVS-PR-N - Front To IVS2 Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB 1S C C O OFF C C C OFF C C OFF C C128 IVS-PR-N - Rear To PR Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB 1E C C O OFF C C C 2E O O OFF C C
129IVS-PR-N & PR-N-N - Front and Rear
Trackway and PR NB North End
Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB, PR NB North1E C C O OFF C C C 2E O O OFF C CIVS-PR-N & PR-N-N & PR-N - Front and Rear Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR NB, PR NB North, PR NB
PR-N-N & PR-N - Front and Rear Emergency PR NB North, PR NB
130 PR-N - Front and Rear PR Trackway, TVS NB Both Ends
Emergency PR NB 1E C C O 1E C C O 2E O O OFF C C
131PR-N & PR-N-S - Front and Rear
Trackway and PR NB South End
Emergency PR NB, PR NB SouthOFF C C C 1E C C O 2E O O OFF C CPR-N & PR-N-S & PR-COC-N - Front and Rear Emergency PR NB, PR NB South, Tunnel between PR and COC NB
PR-N-S & PR-COC-N - Front and Rear Emergency PR NB South, Tunnel between PR and COC NB132 PR-COC-N - Front To PR Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC NB OFF C C C 1E C C O 2E O O OFF C C133 PR-COC-N - Rear To COC Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC NB OFF C C C 1S C C O OFF C C OFF C C
134PR-COC-N & COC-N-N - Front and Rear Trackway and COC NB
North EndEmergency Tunnel between PR and COC NB, COC NB North
OFF C C C 1S C C O OFF C C OFF C CPR-COC-N & COC-N-N & COC-N - Front and Rear Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC NB, COC NB North, COC NB
EMERGENCY MODE SOUTHBOUND
226BB-IVS2-S & IVS-S & IVS-PR-S - Front and Rear
To IVS2Emergency Tunnel between BB and IVS2 SB, IVS SB, Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB
1S C O C OFF C C C OFF C C OFF C CIVS-S & IVS-PR-S - Front and Rear Emergency IVS SB, Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB
227 IVS-PR-S - Front To IVS2 Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB 1S C O C OFF C C C OFF C C OFF C C228 IVS-PR-S - Rear To PR Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB 1E C O C OFF C C C 2E O O OFF C C
229IVS-PR-S & PR-S-N - Front and Rear
Trackway and PR SB North End
Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB, PR SB North1E C O C OFF C C C 2E O O OFF C CIVS-PR-S & PR-S-N & PR-S - Front and Rear Emergency Tunnel between IVS2 and PR SB, PR SB North, PR SB
PR-S-N & PR-S - Front and Rear Emergency PR SB North, PR SB
230 PR-S - Front and Rear PR Trackway, TVS NB Both Ends
Emergency PR SB 1E C O C 1E C O C 2E O O OFF C C
231PR-S & PR-S-S - Front and Rear
Trackway and PR SB South End
Emergency PR SB, PR SB SouthOFF C C C 1E C O C 2E O O OFF C CPR-S & PR-S-S & PR-COC-S - Front and Rear Emergency PR SB, PR SB South, Tunnel between PR and COC SB
PR-S-S & PR-COC-S - Front and Rear Emergency PR SB South, Tunnel between PR and COC SB232 PR-COC-S - Front To PR Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC SB OFF C C C 1E C O C 2E O O OFF C C233 PR-COC-S - Rear To COC Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC SB OFF C C C 1S C O C OFF C C OFF C C
234PR-COC-S & COC-S-N - Front and Rear Trackway and COC SB
North EndEmergency Tunnel between PR and COC SB, COC SB North
OFF C C C 1S C O C OFF C C OFF C CPR-COC-S & COC-S-N & COC-S - Front and Rear Emergency Tunnel between PR and COC SB, COC SB North, COC SB
Station Local Mode Table – TVS Configuration
Tunnel Ventilation – Proving the system design
• Use the Subway Environmental Simulation (SES) Software- Developed by US Department of Transport – 1976 – Latest 1997
• Model the underground system• Input data – Environmental conditions, Train data,
Power Data• Simulations carried out for Normal, Congested and
Emergency scenarios• Scenarios selected to investigate worst cases i.e.
direction of smoke against gradient of tunnel
Normal Operation
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 900030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Location, m
Tem
pera
ture
, C
Train DirectionTrain Direction
KLS MER BB MAPRIVS2IVS1 IVS2BB CC
KL Sungai Buloh - Kajang LineAverage Tunnel Temperature - Southbound
37.5℃
34.1℃
Normal Operation
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 900030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Location, m
Tem
pera
ture
, C
Train DirectionTrain Direction
KLS PAS MER BB IVS2 PR CC MAIVS1
37.5℃
34.1℃
KL Sungai Buloh - Kajang LineAverage Tunnel Temperature - Northbound
CongestedScenario No. C6 (File: KLC06A.SES)
Congestion in southbound tunnel section between Pasar Rakyat Station and Cochrane Station with one congested train stopped at 30m away from Cochrane Station.
Figure 8.3.6 shows the fan operation mode and predicted average temperature. TVF rated at 75m3/s at Pasar Rakyat Station and TVF rated at 75m3/s at Cochrane Station operate in push-pull mode to remove heat from the tunnel. The maximum average temperature is predicted as 38.7°C at the congested train near CC station. The temperature at the congested train is below the design criteria of 40°C.
Figure 8.3.6 – Congestion Scenario C6 Result
EmergencyScenario No. E10 (File: KLE10A.SES)
A rear train fire site is at southbound tunnel section between Pasar Rakyat Station and Cochrane Station with 3.5% uphill slope. The critical velocity required is 2.37m/s at the fire site.
Figure 7.4.10 shows the fan operation mode and predicted air flows near the incident section. The annular velocity achieved is 3.28m/s by using 75m3/s TVF at Pasar Rakyat Station and 75m3/s TVF at Cochrane Station. The result is acceptable with the annular tunnel airflow velocity at the fire site greater than the required critical velocity.
Figure 7.4.10 – Emergency Scenario E10 Result
Summary• Tunnel Ventilation System includes
– Draft Relief– Trackway Supply & Extract – Run & Standby Fans– Tunnel Ventilation Fans & Dampers – 100% reversible Run & Standby Fans– All fire rated for 250oC for 2 hours
• Modes of Operation– Normal– Congested– Emergency
• Control Authority– OCC– BOCC– Station Control Room– Fireman’s Control Room– Local PLC– Local MCC
Thank you