tuesday september 26th - wild apricot · 1980 –chiller design engineers challenged with making a...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
JS Rancourt
DXS New England [Daikin]
Tuesday September 26th 2017
Main Program:
Overview and Discussion of VRF Technology
Greg Hosselbarth
Mitsubishi Electric
![Page 2: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 3: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Your presenter : Jean-Samuel (JS) Rancourt
Principal of DXS New England, an HTS company
Specializes exclusively in Daikin VRV technology
![Page 4: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1982
1987
2001
1973 – Global oil crises
1979 – New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan
1980 – Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller
1982 - 1984 – The worlds first VRF Systems are launched in Japan
1984 - 1987 – VRF introduced to European and Middle Eastern markets
Early 2000’s – VRF is introduced to North America
![Page 5: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MAJOR WORLDWIDE VRF INSTALLS
VRF : 3-6,000 Tons
82,000 sq.ft. 100,000 sq.ft. 1,105,000 sq.ft.
420,000 sq.ft. 1,306,000 sq.ft.
700,000 sq.ft.
![Page 6: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Low utility rates
Existing AC market / solutions
ASHRAE 15
Fear of distributed refrigerant
Fear of air source heat pump heating
VRF’s delay to North America
![Page 7: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Most major North America HVAC brands are now partnered with an Asian based VRF manufacturer
[outright acquisitions, IP acquisitions, joint ventures or private labelling]
Some major VRF manufacturers sell into North America under their own brand
VRF is continuing to be the fastest growing segment of the North American HVAC market
![Page 8: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What changed since early 2000’s?
Utility rates
Still relatively low, but in general, focus on energy efficiency is increasing
Large incentives now helping offset the current utility rates
ASHRAE 15
The RCL limit was doubled since then (26 lbs / 1000 vs 13 lbs / 1000)
The requirements can be handled if designed properly
Fear of air-source heat pump heating
There is now good precedence of VRF handling all heating requirements
effectively and efficiently (in even colder climates)
Fear of distributed refrigerant
Better understanding of R-410a, ASHRAE 15, and of the risks
Precedence
VRF is no longer ‘the new technology’ in North America
Large, very large buildings being fully served by VRF, all over the USA & Canada
![Page 9: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
VRF Applications
K-12
Office
Medical Office Building
Hospital / Healthcare (critical cooling or admin areas)
Residence
Assisted living
Condo amenity / retail / podiums
Condo suites (low / mid / high rise)
University
Hotel
Retail
WWTPs
![Page 10: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 11: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VRF technology delivers all heating and cooling needs
to your building via outdoor machines directly connected
to indoor fan coils using small refrigerant pipes.
VRF 101
![Page 12: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Choose from a long list of indoor unit options
Exposed, concealed, horizontal, vertical etc.
Each indoor unit has an Electronic Expansion Valve which
Throttles refrigerant flow based on actual load.
VRF 101
Indoor units
![Page 13: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Small copper pipes (1/4” to 1-3/8”).
Moves heat around with 10 times less fluid than water
And with 180 times less fluid than air.
Reduce ductwork substantially; size them only for fresh air.
Small flexible copper pipes vs larger water piping
VRF 101
Refrigerant Piping
![Page 14: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VRF 101
Outdoor machines
Inverter (variable speed) scroll compressors.
Central controller monitors and reacts to all indoor unit
expansion valves, and throttles inverter compressor.
Hence, Variable Refrigerant Flow
![Page 15: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
Heat Pump
System is either in heating OR cooling
Ie. Indoor units cannot provide cooling if system is in heating
*Fast & Automatic system switch over*
Indoor units still have independent set point control
Heat
Heat
Heat
![Page 16: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
Heat Recovery
Indoor units can heat or cool independently
CoolHeat
Fan Only
Transfer of heat
![Page 17: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Heat Pump vs Heat Recovery VRF
2-Pipe Traditional 3-pipe Multi Port 3-Pipe
![Page 18: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Another VRF option – Water-Cooled VRF
A water-source heat pump
system with centralized
high efficiency VRF
compressors.
Ideal for Hi-Rise
residential, hotel and
office construction.
Ideal for extreme cold
climate.
Compatible with Geothermal
One centralized
condenser water riser.
Centralized VRF
compressors on each floor
Small refrigerant pipes from
compressors to VRF fan coils
![Page 19: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Return AirSupply Air
8” deep
horizontal fan coil
![Page 21: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 22: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Let’s talk about Energy Efficiency – VRF vs Conventional systems
Energy Efficiency Operational Costs
Cooling
Heating
More efficient than most
Need a good optimized
central plant to beat VRF
Lower than most
Need a good optimized
central plant to beat VRF
MUCH more efficient than
any other alternative
(by 3X, 4X, 5X etc.)
***Not necessarily lower
than other systems***
VRF uses a different and
more expensive fuel:
Electricity
More efficient than all Usually lower or equal
![Page 23: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
VRF Energy Efficiency – AHRI 1230
EER (95F) IEER COP (47°F) COP (17°F) SCHE
System full load cooling
operation
System seasonal cooling
efficiency
Full Load Heating
Performance at 47°F
Full Load Heating
Performance at 17°F
Simul-taneous
Cooling and Heating
Efficiency (approx 50-
50%)
In 2010, IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) replaced IPLV
(Integrated Part Load Performance) as the means to measure part load
performance of commercial HVAC systems over 65,000 Btu/h
https://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/vrfhp/defaultSearch.aspx
![Page 24: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
VRF Energy Efficiency – AHRI 1230
ASHRAE 90.1 2013
Typical VRF HP
![Page 25: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Energy efficiency of electric heat pumps come from the high COPs
COP at -13°F: ~2
Blended average COP in our climate is ~3
*** We need an iCOP! ***
Heating Coefficient of Performance at 47°F, 17°F, and -13°F
Electric Heat Pump heating in our Climate
![Page 26: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 27: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Let’s talk about capital costs – VRF vs Conventional systems
Equipment Cost Installation costs
Early 2000’s
2017
High compared to global
VRF equipment prices
All imported, low
competition
Very high
Contracting community
unfamiliar with VRF and
pricing
VRF equipment prices
have dropped and
reached global levels
Continuously dropping and
slowly getting in line with
overseas VRF install costs
Need a contractor with
VRF install experience
VRF is now much more price competitive than it used to be
![Page 28: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Capital
Cost
Per
Unit
$
Size of building 100 Tons
(~50k sq.ft.)1,000 Tons
(~500k sq.ft)
4-Pipe Fan Coil
2-Pipe Fan CoilWater-Source Heat Pumps
Water-Cooled VRF
Air-Cooled HR VRF
Air-Cooled HP VRF
![Page 29: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Massachusetts – Largest VRF incentives in the country
Motivation: Clean Heating, green house gas reduction
Funding: $30M from 2015-2020
VRF program launch: April 2017
Rebate amounts: $800-$1,200 / Ton
(up to $1,400 for public/non-profit and $2,000 for affordable housing)
MassCEC VRF Rebate Program [Paid to building owner]
Motivation: From utilities, kW reductions
Funding: Not specified
VRF program launch: September 2017
Rebate amounts: $250 / Ton
Mass Save VRF Rebate Program [upstream]
![Page 30: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
AGENDA
Introduction - Global
VRF 101
Energy Efficiency & Operational costs
Capital costs
VRF in New England
Local Market Trends
How to layout a competitive system
Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 31: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Variable Refrigerant Flow
Greg HosselbarthRegional Manager - Commercial Sales
Mitsubishi Electric Cooling & Heating
508-688-9836
![Page 32: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Agenda
• VRF in New England
• Local Market Trends
• Lay out a competitive system
• Refrigerant Safety Code
![Page 33: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The local progression of VRF
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
![Page 34: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• VRF as sole source heat
• Inverter driven compressor efficiency
• LEED
• Net Zero
![Page 35: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• Refrigerant piping vs. ductwork
![Page 36: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
The local progression of VRF
• Cost competitive with traditional systems
• Easy to zone/control
• Base Building/TI
![Page 37: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Local Market Trends
• Greenhouse gas reduction
• Net-Zero
• Passive House
• Living Building Challenge
Spot Heating and Cooling
Energy conscious
owners
Historic Renovations
General New Construction and Retrofits
Electrification
![Page 38: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Laying out VRF for competitive bidding
![Page 39: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Laying out VRF for competitive bidding
![Page 40: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Selection Software
![Page 41: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Schedule Corrected Capacity
![Page 42: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Schedule job specific accessories
![Page 43: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Execution Specs
![Page 44: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ASHRAE 15/34
![Page 45: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What is ASHRAE 15?
![Page 46: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
What is ASHRAE 34?
![Page 47: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Refrigerant Concentration Limit“the refrigerant concentration limit, in air,
determined in accordance with this standard
and intended to reduce the risks of acute
toxicity asphyxiation and flammability hazards
in normally occupied, enclosed spaces”
RCL can be expressed inppm v/v
g/m3
lb/Mcf (or lb/1000 ft3)
RCL
![Page 48: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
International Mechanical CodeIMC-2006 sets R-410A RCL as 10 lbs/MCFIMC-2009 revisions raises RCL to 25 lbs/MCF
ISO-5149ISO-5149 sets R-410A RCL as 18.7 lbs/MCF
ASHRAE 15ASHRAE 15 does not reference R-410AASHRAE 15 references ASHRAE 34ASHRAE 34 sets R-410A RCL as 26 lbs/MCF
Determination of RCL
![Page 49: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Refrigerant Management Example
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
![Page 50: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Refrigerant Management Example
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
![Page 51: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
RCL Calculation
![Page 52: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Option 1 - Separate small rooms
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
![Page 53: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Option 2: Split Refrigerant Circuit
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
6ton
6ton
![Page 54: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Option 3: Increase Volume with
Connected spaces
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
HVAC ductwork
![Page 55: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Option 3: Increase Volume with
Connected spaces
ElectricalRoom
Janitor
Closet
Lobby/
Waiting Room
ConferenceRoom
Office #1
Office #2
Cubicle Area
Open WorkRoom
Bathroom
Bathroom
12ton
HVAC ductwork
Permanent opening
![Page 56: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
•ISO: A total opening area more than 0.15% of the floor area at a low
position with another room/space, the two rooms/space are
considered as one
•ASHRAE: Permanent Openings or HVAC ducts
Connected Spaces
![Page 57: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Less piping = Less Charge
100ft of main piping could add 10-20lbs of refrigerant
Alternative Option – Use less piping
![Page 58: Tuesday September 26th - Wild Apricot · 1980 –Chiller design engineers challenged with making a higher efficiency chiller 1982 - 1984 –The worlds first VRF Systems are launched](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022041005/5eaa38da4fffdd51666800ec/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Questions??