Tuesday 12/9 StarterTuesday 12/9 StarterHurricanes:Hurricanes: What are they? What can What are they? What can you tell me about them? (ex: how are you tell me about them? (ex: how are they named, how are they formed…)they named, how are they formed…)

Starter 12/10Starter 12/10

Explain what must occur for a Explain what must occur for a severesevere thunderstormthunderstorm to turn into a to turn into a

hurricanehurricane..

StormsStormsandand

HurricanesHurricanes

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HURRICANESHURRICANESHurricanesHurricanes are formed from simple complexes of are formed from simple complexes of thunderstorms.thunderstorms.

The ocean water must be warmer than 26.5 degrees The ocean water must be warmer than 26.5 degrees Celsius (81°F). Celsius (81°F).

(Heat + moisture) from the warm water = energy (Heat + moisture) from the warm water = energy source for hurricane source for hurricane

Hurricanes will weaken rapidly when they travel over Hurricanes will weaken rapidly when they travel over land or colder ocean waters land or colder ocean waters locations with locations with insufficient heat and/or moisture. insufficient heat and/or moisture.

The name The name "hurricane""hurricane" is given to systems that develop is given to systems that develop over the Atlantic or the eastern Pacific Oceans.over the Atlantic or the eastern Pacific Oceans.

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Storm Developmental StagesStorm Developmental Stages1. Severe Thunderstorm 1. Severe Thunderstorm

Lightning, high winds, and hailLightning, high winds, and hail2. Tropical Disturbance 2. Tropical Disturbance

Tropical waves & unorganized Tropical waves & unorganized stormsstorms

3. Tropical Depression3. Tropical DepressionWinds below 40 mphWinds below 40 mph

4. Tropical Storm4. Tropical StormWinds 39-73 mph .Winds 39-73 mph .Gets a name at Gets a name at

this pointthis point ex: Tropical Storm Gabrielle ex: Tropical Storm Gabrielle (most recent)(most recent)

5. Hurricane5. HurricaneSustained winds over 74 mphSustained winds over 74 mph

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HURRICANE DEVELOPMENTHURRICANE DEVELOPMENT

At the equator, ocean surface temperatures are warm At the equator, ocean surface temperatures are warm enough to produce hurricanes, but none form. enough to produce hurricanes, but none form.

Coriolis forceCoriolis force, north and south of the equator, is , north and south of the equator, is needed to needed to create spin and induce a potential create spin and induce a potential hurricanehurricane. .

TYPICAL HURRICANE SEASONTYPICAL HURRICANE SEASON

Consists of:Consists of:

14 Named Storms14 Named Storms

8 Hurricanes8 Hurricanes

3 Severe Hurricanes3 Severe Hurricanes

(Category 3, 4 Or 5)(Category 3, 4 Or 5)

Approximately 340 Approximately 340 WarningsWarnings

HurricanesHurricanes are cyclones that develop between latitudes 5 to 30 degrees are cyclones that develop between latitudes 5 to 30 degrees

N or S over the warm tropical oceans (81degrees F) and have sustained winds N or S over the warm tropical oceans (81degrees F) and have sustained winds in in excess of 64 knotsexcess of 64 knots (74 miles/hour). (74 miles/hour).

They can create torrential rain, flooding, and loss of property and life.They can create torrential rain, flooding, and loss of property and life.

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Saffir-Simpson Scale-Saffir-Simpson Scale- hurricane wind hurricane wind scale based on intensities of sustained windsscale based on intensities of sustained winds

StageStage Wind mphWind mph TideTide Damage DamageCategory 1Category 1 74-95 74-95 4-54-5 MinimalMinimal

Category 2Category 2 96-11096-110 6-86-8 ModerateModerate

Category 3Category 3 111-130111-130 9-129-12 ExtensiveExtensive

Category 4Category 4 131-155131-155 13-1813-18 ExtremeExtreme

Category 5Category 5 156+++156+++ 18+++18+++ DisasterDisaster

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Hurricane Storm SurgeHurricane Storm Surge

HurricaneHurricane

Camille 1969Camille 1969

STORM SURGESTORM SURGE Storm surge Storm surge is a great is a great dome of water dome of water created by the energy created by the energy of the churning of the churning hurricane .hurricane .

It may extend up to It may extend up to 50 miles in width.50 miles in width.

*Storm surge *Storm surge causescauses 9 out of 9 out of 10 storm 10 storm related deaths* related deaths*

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Storm SurgeStorm Surge

Storm Surge can be up to 33 feet tall. If it occurs at high Storm Surge can be up to 33 feet tall. If it occurs at high tide the total effect can be a tide of over 50 feet.tide the total effect can be a tide of over 50 feet.

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STORM SURGESTORM SURGE

Hurricane Georges, Biloxi, MS

1998

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Hurricane Mitch 1998Hurricane Mitch 1998

Typical Hurricane SeasonTypical Hurricane Season

• Runs from June 1Runs from June 1stst to November 30to November 30thth for Atlantic and for Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Hurricanes Hurricanes

• Not the typical Not the typical calendar yearcalendar year

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HURRICANE NAMESHURRICANE NAMESAtlantic Storm Names for 1999-2004

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Arlene Alberto Allison Arthur Ana Alex Bret Beryl Barry Bertha Bill Bonnie Cindy Chris Chantal Cristobal Claudette Charley Dennis Debby Dean Dolly Danny Danielle Emily Ernesto Erin Edouard Erika Earl Floyd Florence Felix Fay Fabian Frances Gert Gordon Gabrielle Gustav Grace Gaston Harvey Helene Humberto Hanna Henri Hermine Irene Isaac Iris Isidore Isabel Ivan Jose Joyce Jerry Josephine Juan Jeanne Katrina Keith Karen Kyle Kate Karl Lenny Leslie Lorenzo Lili Larry Lisa Maria Michael Michelle Marco Mindy Matthew Nate Nadine Noel Nana Nicholas Nicole Ophelia Oscar Olga Omar Odette Otto Philippe Patty Pablo Paloma Peter Paula Rita Rafael Rebekah Rene Rose Richard Stan Sandy Sebastien Sally Sam Shary Tammy Tony Tanya Teddy Teresa Tomas Vince Valerie Van Vicky Victor Virginie Wilma William Wendy Wilfred Wanda Walter

Hurricane Names - 2014Hurricane Names - 2014

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Names are put in rotation to be used again every six years. However, powerful hurricanes have their names “retired” from use again.

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In this satellite image from 1995, we can see In this satellite image from 1995, we can see different different tropical disturbancestropical disturbances in each stage of development. in each stage of development.

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The most recognizable feature found within a hurricane The most recognizable feature found within a hurricane is the is the Hurricane EyeHurricane Eye. .

The The eyeeye is the focus of the hurricane, is the focus of the hurricane, the point about the point about which the rest of the storm rotateswhich the rest of the storm rotates and where the and where the lowest surface pressures are found. lowest surface pressures are found.

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Standard Standard WarningWarningCurrent PositionCurrent Position

12, 24, 36, 48 & 72 hr fcst 12, 24, 36, 48 & 72 hr fcst positionposition

35 kt wind radius35 kt wind radius

50 kt wind radius50 kt wind radius

100 kt wind radius100 kt wind radius

Error radiusError radius

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Hurricane Isadore 2002Hurricane Isadore 2002

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Structural Damage due to Structural Damage due to wind...wind...

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THE POWER OF HURRICANES!THE POWER OF HURRICANES!The old The old ““board through the treeboard through the tree”” story story

proven true!!proven true!!

- - Listen to TV and radio for information Listen to TV and radio for information - Fuel and service vehicles - Fuel and service vehicles - Inspect and secure mobile home tie downs - Inspect and secure mobile home tie downs - Complete preparation activities such as putting - Complete preparation activities such as putting up storm shutters and storing loose objects up storm shutters and storing loose objects - Check batteries and buy canned food, first aid - Check batteries and buy canned food, first aid supplies, bottled water, and keep extra cash on supplies, bottled water, and keep extra cash on hand hand - - Leave Immediately If Told To Do So! Leave Immediately If Told To Do So! - - If evacuating, leave early, in daylight if possible If evacuating, leave early, in daylight if possible

HURRICANE SAFETYHURRICANE SAFETY

The EndThe End

Exit:Exit:

How are hurricanes named? What happens How are hurricanes named? What happens to the name of a severe hurricane?to the name of a severe hurricane?

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A Severe Search for A Severe Search for Hurricanes!Hurricanes!

Homework Assignment Homework Assignment

Due Thursday 12/18Due Thursday 12/18

Can use notes or research if Can use notes or research if need be!need be!