Tucker Boyce, Jacob Saban, Jeffrey Jenkins

(Judaism Scroll)

(Israel)

PIRATES Introduction

- The religion of Judaism was founded in the Middle East, and it mainly affected the country of Israel.

- The country went through different time periods, so those are usually distinguished between in the analysis of the civilization.

(Israel Desert)

Politics - Original story says Abraham moved from Ur to Harran

then to Canaan, a land thought to be promised to the Jews by God—this helped him move people and establish an authority over them.

- Version in the Hebrew Bible: Israelites led from the captive state. They spent some 40 years living in the desert. They devoted to a stern god there. A type of covenant was made with God that said that they would be the chosen people if they worshiped him. This is where Moses went up on Mt. Sinai and came down with tablets, on them the 10 Commandments.

- In the land of Canaan, the people were put into 12 tribes a. Each occupied part of the country b. Leaders of each=minimal powers, settling disputes c. Certain people were named judges and had a special place.

(Early Israel Cities)

Politics

- A stronger leader, Samuel, saw the need for more authority and put Saul in as the 1st king of Israel.

- Throne was then given to David, who saw the transition to a monarchy—starting Jerusalem. There, a census was used, as well as an army. This helped David. His son Solomon was next.

- Solomon was the golden age. - AFTER SOLOMON’S DEATH IN 920 B.C.E., the

Kingdom was split because of various problems: Israel in the North, Judah in the South. This time=final formulation of monotheism. After periods of struggle, the people came out with the core belief in one God, Yahweh.

(Jewish Temple)

Intellectual

- Hebrew language—Semetic language, closely related to Phoenician and Aramic. Affinity signifies ethnic relationships with Israel’s neighboring peoples.

- Early Hebrew was from a Phoenician script. It was the language of early Jews, but started to get replaces around 586 B.C.E.

- 70 A.D.: system of Hebrew was only used for intellectual functions, not as a spoken language

(Abraham)

(First written Record)

Religion/Architecture

- Shifted from a desert god to the present-day form of monotheism.

- The church itself kind of created class differences, because priests and others were appointed under the system.

- In Canaan, citizens carved non-porous rock and made terraces to cultivate.

- Solomon built with slaves, and built the First Temple—central place of worship

(Early Jewish Temple)

Technology/Economy

- Under King Solomon (, he and King Hiram both commissioned a ship for trade and brought back many things from the Red Sea, including gold and jewels.

Reign of Solomon was 960-920 B.C.E. - The technology used in the ships and how the

country approached trade and relations powered its economic base.

Terracing hillsides with the rock also provided new places for cultivation of crops. In theory, this would also increase the surface area of the land, thus allowing more crops to be grown in the area. The people adjusted to the land this way.

Solomon died in 920 B.C.E.

(Damascus Gate)

Society

- Early part of the society practiced herding as nomads.

- Slaves were used in the later time to build their

- Priests became very wealthy and got an annual amount of the harvest for making sacrifices to God (Yahweh) for the community as a whole. The way the temple was set up changed social structure.

- Urban/rural, rich/poor gaps, some prophets accused the leadership of hurting the poor.

(Jerusalem)

Society - Lived with extended families, under the oldest

male. Marriage was arranged and important—trade of goods. First-born sons got double inheritance. Women sustained the family, but could not inherit property, etc. Working-class women also participated in labor. Some even worked outside the home with more urbanization, and some got positions of influence.

- Leadership structure had 3 main groups: priest/kohen who did the laws and business; prophet/navi who told the message of God to people; and the sage/hacham who taught practicalities and wisdom

PIRATES: Effect on Foreign Lands During its time period, the religion had a direct effect

on other cultures. One of these was Rome as when the area was

under Roman rule, it affected the society of the people because they experienced these newer religions.

Direct Roman rule began in 6 C.E. Since Judaism was the original mainstream

monotheism religion not based on a rubric, it also may have conveyed these ideas in other regions.

The Jewish belief in one god even made some of the early Roman rulers mad at the society.

Chronology: The Beginning 3760 BCE- Adam and Eve are created. This marks

year one of the Jewish calendar. 1429 BCE- Enslavement of the Hebrews in Egypt

begins. 1280 BCE- Moses leads the Jews out of Egypt and

the wandering in the desert begins. The Jewish bible, the torah, was said to have been brought down Mount Sinai by Moses, given to him by God.

1030-1010 BCE- Saul is the first king of Israel 1010-970 BCE- David is king of Israel and makes

Jerusalem his capital.

Chronology: The Beginning 970-931 BCE- King Solomon builds the first great

temple of Jerusalem. 587-586 BCE- king Nebuchadnezzar destroys the

first temple of Jerusalem. 541 BCE- Jews begin to return from Babylonian

exile and begin to rebuild the city of Jerusalem and its walls.

520-515 BCE- the second temple of Jerusalem is built

500 BCE- the idea that a messiah will come to earth sent by god and he will save the planet develops

Chronology: The Beginning 425 BCE- the story of Purim when Haman’s

plans were overthrown and the Jews were saved from execution happens

333 BCE- Alexander the Great conquers Israel 37-4 BCE- Herod the great rules Israel 20 BCE- 70 CE- The second temple at

Jerusalem is rebuilt and this means that a new religious center for all Jewish people was being re-resurrected.

66-73 CE- First Jewish revolt against Rome

Chronology: The Beginning 69 CE- Yochanan Ben Zakkai is given permission to

establish a Jewish center of study at Yavneh meaning that this place will become very popular for the study of rabbinic Judaism

70 CE- destruction of Jerusalem and the second temple 73 CE- last stand of the Jews on the mountain top of

Masada. The people committed suicide showing the Romans that they would rather be dead than be captured by them.

114-117- Jewish revolts against Rome in Cyprus. The great synagogue and great library in Alexandria are destroyed as well as all of the Jews in Cyprus. Jews were then banned from Cyprus.

Chronology: The Beginning

132-135- Bar Kochba revolt. Romans kill approximately 500,000 Jews and destroy their towns and villages.

200- the Mishnah, or Jewish oral law, is compiled by Judah the prince

220-470- Mishnah scholars flourish and the Talmud is compiled in addition to the Mishnah

614- Persian general captures Jerusalem and allows Jews to finally run the city

(Painting of Rulers)

Chronology: Early Persecution 1171- Jews in a city southwest of Paris are falsely

accused of murder and blood libel. The adult Jews were arrested and if they did not convert to Christianity, they were killed. 31 of the 32 Jews there were killed. This shows how Jews were the scapegoat for pretty much any crime, no matter the absurdity.

1275- King Edward of England forced Jews to wear a badge declaring them Jews.

1285- Blood libel in Germany results in the death of 248 Jews.

1321- Jews blamed for poisoning French wells and 5000 Jews were killed unjust fully

Chronology: Early Persecution

1348-1349- the black plague is blamed on the Jews. This shows how the Jews were being used as scapegoats for things that were clearly not their doing, like starting the black plague.

1516- Jews in Venice

segregated to a ghetto

(Early Mesopotamia)

Chronology: Jewish Expansion 1585- First Jew known to step on American soil. This shows

how even though the Jews were being expelled from many lands, they never gave up and found their way all of the way to America

1642- First Jewish colony in the new world is established in Brazil

1761- First English prayer book for the high holidays is published in New York

1814- Denmark grants citizenship to Jews 1830- Greece grants citizenship to Jews 1831- Belgium grants citizenship to Jews 1841- First Jewish person was elected to the U.S. Senate 1860-1904- The father of Zionism, Theodore Hertzel ????

CHANGE THIS1870- Sweden grants citizenship to Jews

Chronology: The Holocaust

1933- Adolf Hitler becomes the chancellor in Germany

November 9, 1938- Kristalnacht (or the night of broken glass) the burning of all Jewish synagogues and shops in Germany. This night marked the beginning of the holocaust.

1939-1945- The German holocaust against the Jews

(Adolf Hitler)

Chronology: Israel as a state May 14, 1948- Israel is declared a Jewish state May 19, 1948- Israel war of independence 1947-1949- Israel war of independence, this war

was against Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria for a fight for the independence of the Jewish state. Israel won.

January 1949- First government or parliament is elected. David Ben Gurion is prime minister

1956- Sinai war, Egypt was in this war against Israel. The Israelis were victorious.

1967- Six-day war, fought between Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Mainly against the Arabs. Israel won.

Chronology: Israel as a state 1968-1970- War of attrition, fought against Egypt

because of a feud over the Sinai Peninsula. The war ended in a cease-fire.

1973- Yom Kippur war fought on the holiest Jewish holiday between Israel and Egypt and Syria because of their loss in the six-day war. The Israelis won, resulting in no territorial change.

1982- First Lebanon war. this war was a response to an assassination attempt against the Israeli ambassador of the U.K.

2006- Second Lebanon war. This war was a response to Hezbollah terrorist abductions and terrorist attacks.

1) Judaism includes the 1) Hinduism includes the belief of heaven and hell. beliefs In the cycle of rebirth. 1) Both do 2) Judaism believes in the not believe in 2) Hinduism believes in spiritual bible which consisted of the he- the afterlife. disciplines, enlightenment and brew scriptures. truth.

2) Both have holy 3) Judaism's goal is to know god, days, and holidays, 3) Hinduism’s goal is to become to serve god, and to serve other to celebrate important familiar with Brahman, and to people. past events. know their beliefs and roles.

4) Judaism was created 3) Both have some 4) Hinduism was created some time around 1500 B.C.E. sort of collection Sometime around 2000 B.C.E.

of sacred 5) Judaism is a monotheistic writings. 5) Hinduism is a polytheistic

religion. religion.

Judaism Hinduism

Judaism Hinduism

1) Judaism has changed its ways of belief in

burials. 2) Some of the original

practices have changed, due to changes in some of their beliefs.

sff

1) certain rituals have both vanished, and or changed their meanings.

2) Some of their beliefs have changed because there are many families of Hinduism, and each one edits the ways of life that they live by.

l

1) Both of these two religions have edited some of their beliefs.

2) They both have also changed their locations of

worship.

Comparison to Christianity There is a major relationship between

these two religions because they were both in the relative same time period.

The religion took root when the Romans took over their land.

Jesus originated mainly because he wanted to counter the regular Jewish ideals. From his view, the Jews had an unhealthy need for power and money.

Comparison to Christianity The Jewish people in that region saw this mainly as a threat,

because they saw these revolutionaries a threat to their personal powers.

Jesus was eventually persecuted by the Jewish peoples because they saw his ideas as corrupting their society.

Today, both religions are monotheistic and follow one same part of the Bible, that being the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament.

The Christians add the New Testament to this. This element has changed over time because there are not as

many problems between these two religions today as there were in these times.

While monotheism was very revolutionary and new back then, it is almost the normal means of religion, especially Western religion, today. These changes probably occurred because people grew more tolerable with these religions around them.

Over time, it became part of the regular framework.

Judaism Today The role of Judaism greatly affected

western culture. One example is that it led to Christianity and other monotheistic religions. In today’s world, there is the Jewish state of Israel that is home to over five million Jews. The United States is also home to a little bit over five million Jews. The role that Judaism plays today is sometimes a role of war and scapegoat. There are many attacks against Israel by anti-semetic groups in the Middle East. There have been ongoing wars between Israel and gorilla terrorist groups that want to wipe Israel off the face of the earth.

Judaism Today

Another role that Judaism plays in today’s society is with the state of Israel. Israel trades with many nations including the United States and goods are exported and imported from Israel including special cosmetics from the Dead Sea. Also, tel Aviv, one of the largest cities in Israel, is a center that Jewish people study and it is a center of modern medicine, developing and enhancing it. Recently, Israel produced a pill that is swallowed and it has a camera that sees the inside of your body to see if there is a problem

Another role that Judaism has in today’s society is that Jews in Israel have one the most advanced space programs in the world today. Jews are constantly contributing to the global technology race. The first cell phone was also made in Israel.

(Jewish Synagogue)

Judaism Today

Finally, Judaism plays the role of a target. Since Israel became a Jewish state in 1948, there have been seven wars against Israel, all of which they have won. Also, there are constant threats of terrorist attacks from various groups including Hezbollah. Those are just some of the roles that Judaism plays in today’s society.

Bibliography "Top 10 Most Influential Jews In History - Top 10 Lists | Listverse." Top 10 Lists - Listverse. Web. 07 Oct. 2010.

<http://listverse.com/2008/10/21/top-10-most-influential-jews-in-history/>. "The Mishnah: Some Quotes." Leif Erlingssons Holistiska DetektivbyrÃ¥. Web. 07 Oct. 2010.

<http://lege.net/blog.lege.net/content/mishnah_quotes.html>. Slate Magazine. Web. 07 Oct. 2010. <http://www.slate.com/id/2160289/>. "Israel." Welcome to American University, Washington, DC USA. Web. 07 Oct. 2010.

<http://www1.american.edu/carmel/ab5293a/Casestudy/Israel/israel.htm>. "Your Countries Desert - SkyscraperCity." SkyscraperCity - Powered by VBulletin. Web. 07 Oct. 2010.

<http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=214553>. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. "Timeline for the History of Judaism." Jewish Virtual Library -

Homepage. Web. 03 Oct. 2010. <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/timeline.html>. Category. " Jewish in the World Today - Anti-Semitic Attacks in the Wake of the Middle East

Crisis ." About Judaism. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2010. <http://judaism.about.com/library/2_antisemitism/bl_antisemitism2000.htm>.

"The Jewish Population of the World." Jewish Virtual Library - Homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2010.  <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/jewpop .html>. "HISTORY OF JUDAISM." HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2010.

<http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa42>. "Hebrew language, alphabet and pronunciation." Omniglot - the guide to languages, alphabets and other writing systems.

N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2010. <http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm>. "History of Judaism - ReligionFacts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the facts on the world's

religions.. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2010. <http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/history.htm>. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Synagogue_Plzen_CZ.jpg

Bibliography "Judaism: The Early Period — Infoplease.com." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary,

Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2010. <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0859076.html>.

  "2010 January «." Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <http://owujew.wordpress.com/2010/01/>. "Judaism Explained." Who Is Jesus? Who Is Israel's Messiah?, Christianity, Judaism, Islam. Web. 27

Sept. 2010. <http://www.israelsmessiah.com/religions/judaism/law.htm "Google Image Result for Http://www.kingsolomonlegend.com/images/jerusalem_solomon_temple.jpg." Google. Web.

27 Sept. 2010. <

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kingsolomonlegend.com/images/jerusalem_solomon_temple.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kingsolomonlegend.com/the-temple-injerusalem.

html&usg=__MVtwRZEyMl9Nj7XfwnUrVc0vok=&h=307&w=400&sz=58&hl=en&start=58&zoom=1&tbnid=eAMM7e9wMWCRM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=138&prev=/images?q=jerusalem&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch

10,539&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=924&vpy=447&dur=558&hovh=197&hovw=256&tx=106&ty=101&oei=hBuhTOOGKcP6lweX--XyCQ&esq=undefined&page=3&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:58&biw=1920&bih=880

"Google Image Result for Http://www.bible-architecture.info/The_16.jpg." Google. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bible-architecture.info/The_16.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bible-architecture.info/Jerusalem.htm&usg=__F3U2rhadsKRFPTqr3cIc8hnaIs=&h=604&w=695&sz=74&hl=en&start=131&zoom=1&tbnid=4Uv sITEJiTO0UM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=128&prev=/images?

q=jerusalem&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch:10,1436&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=205&vpy=434&dur=45&hovh=209&hovw=241&tx=131&ty=113&oei=2RuhTLO0FYL7lwfaurDjCQ&esq=undefined&page=5&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:27,s:131&biw=1920&bih=880

"Google Image Result for Http://www.gojerusalem.com/_media/userfiles/2/523/1588.jpg." Google. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gojerusalem.com/_media/userfiles/2/523/1588.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gojerusalem.com/article_523/The-Rise-of-Christianity-in-Jerusalem&usg=__u5JgvMN9Fb6StCCECqWtWJ8zBlo=&h=245&w=395&sz=59&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=f_DgM8DKFtJI2M:&tbnh=99&tbnw=160&prev=/images?q=jerusalem+religion&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch:10,18&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1315&vpy=59&dur=690&hovh=177&hovw=285&tx=178&ty=107&ei=5hyhTIuTHcL7lweskMnVCQ&oei=5hyhTIuTHcL7lweskMnVCQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=33&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0&biw=1920&bih=880

"Google Image Result for Http://www.jerusalemshots.com/i/monti_clif2/Jerusalem-Old-City-Gate-3.jpg." Google. Web. 27 Sept.2010.

Bibliography <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jerusalemshots.com/i/monti_clif2/Jerusalem-Old-City-

Gate-3.jpg&imgrefurl= http://www.jerusalemshots.com/Jerusalem_en162-8703.html&usg=__XbZV_z6sah_bTdrlr8Lbzl2NdA=&h=359&w=479&sz

=95&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=CY1nFytWxRSB2M:&tbnh=118&tbnw=157&prev=/images?q=jerusalem+old

+city&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1153&vpy=209&dur=1094&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=201&ty=106&ei=Ih2hTLz9NsT

6lwe0_pDuCQ&oei=Ih2hTLz9NsT6lwe0_pDuCQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0>. Artist, By. "Art Prints on Canvas - #4 - Jerusalem - Old Jerusalem City - Judaica Art Oil Paintings | Jewish Art | Fine Art

Art Oil Paintings | Jewish Art | FineArt | Oil Painting Gallery | Reproductions - (Powered by CubeCart).Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <http://judaica-art.com/art-prints-on-canvas/-4-jerusalem/old-jerusalem-city/prod_57.html>.

"Google Image Result for Http://photos.igougo.com/images/p74158-Jerusalem-Haram_ash-Sharif.jpg." Google. Web. 27 Sept. 2010.<

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://photos.igougo.com/images/p74158-Jerusalem-Haram_ash-Sharif.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

www.igougo.com/journal-j19947-Jerusalem-Jerusalem_and_the_West_Bank.html&usg=__bPNBJSHHc3gzWITRnqJrxdbQNsc=&h=356&w=474&sz=21&hl=en&start=256&zoom=1&tbnid=L5187pL39bM1NM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=144&prev=/images?q=jerusalem&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch:10,2188&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=595&vpy=581&dur=1188&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=196&ty=90&oei=gR2hTKixLcWclgeO4NTtAg&esq=undefined&page=8&ndsp=38&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:256&biw=1920&bih=880>.

"Google Image Result for Http://oneyearbibleimages.com/babylon.jpg." Google. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oneyearbibleimages.com/babylon.jpg&imgrefurl= http://www.oneyearbibleblog.com/2009/10/

index.html&usg=___08uaJeuq_zTw23qg0JKGvKIIr8=&h=336&w=443&sz=36&hl=en&start=23&zoom=1&tbnid=36CEjnwtA3gleM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=149&prev=/images?q=jerusalem+overview+map&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&rls=en&biw=1920&bih=880&tbs=isch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=1247&vpy=580&dur=676&hovh=195&hovw=258&tx=164&ty=107&oei=Zh6hTPmZIsOqlAf4nJjbCQ&esq=undefined&page=2&ndsp=37&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:23>.