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CASE 1 : SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

Building Component

Technical Course

VIA/ TCU workshop A2015

VIA

/ T

CU

3rd

sem

este

r w

orks

hop

A2

01

5

1

Aim of the Course:

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2Building component Technical course

– Discovery of Building component in Denmark & China

– Understanding of basic builidng component for single family hourse

– Improve Technical english in building sector

– Serving the technical skill attached to construction technology

Content:

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– Foundation– Flooring

• Solid ground floor/Ground support floor• Suspended ground floor/story partitions• Upper suspended floor/story partitions

– Walls: • Basement wall• External wall: heavy / light • Load bearing Internal wall • Non-loading bearing Internal wall

– Windows– Doors– Roof– Building service

Building component Technical course

Foundation:

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DEFINITION:• Base of the building• Connection between the house and soil

FUNCTION:

• Provide a solid, secure and stable platform thatwill support and transfer the loads from the structure evenly through the sub-soil.


Foundation:

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Titel på præsentationen

TYPE:• Direct foundation• Indirect foundation

MATERIAL:• Made from concrete(a mixture of cement,sand

and aggregate)• Can be reinforced with steel bar or mesh

Foundation:

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Direct foundation:• Rest directly on the subsoil

single family house

Stepped foundation is stipfoundation for use on slopingstie.

Foundation:

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Direct Foundation:

• Poor soil and natural ground• Lightly loaded

Concrete Slab

Fig 1 : Raft foundation

Fig 2 : Cross section raft foundation

Foundation:

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Indirect foundation:• Foundations are carried out by piles

Foundation :

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Material:

Trench-fill foundation Light weight blocks

Foundation blocksCast-in-situfoundationin system formwork

Flooring:

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DEFINITION:• Floor construction resting directly on the ground• A floor form the division between two levels

TYPE:• Solid ground floors• Suspended ground floors• Upper suspended floors

Flooring-Solid groundfloor/groundsupportedfloor:

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FUNCTION:• Shall be insulated against ingress of moisture and loss of

heat• Shall be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of air

containing radon

MATERIAL:• Capillary breaking layer• Light weight clinker floor blocks or polystyrene

inslulation slab• Heating insulating layers• Concrete slab• Floor finishes


Flooring-Solid groundfloor/groundsupported floor:

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a.Radon penetration is avoided bysuspending bitumen felt across the edge insulation groove and bonding it to the concrete slab. b. load-carrying wall stand on top of the internal foundationc. a non load-carrying internal wall and the latter is directly on the capillary breaking layer,

a.Clinker concrete blocks with an insulation layer in the middle is broken the cold bring through the upper part of foundationb. load-carrying wall stand on top of the internal foundation.c. a non load-carrying internal wall and the latter is directly on the capillary breaking layer,


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Flooring-Suspendedgroundfloor/storeypatition

Construction:• Floor (suspended floor/non

suspended floor)• Concrete deck element(hollow

deck /concrete slab)• Hardcore insulation with needsNeed adequate ventilation and prevent the damp conditions.


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Solid: In large buildings, concrete deck elements very oftenprovide the main flooring structure. (similiar with suspendedground floor )

Timber: • The end of joists must be supported by load bearing walls.• Normally to be built into the walls• Alternatively use metal fixing

Flooring-Upper suspendedfloor/storeypartition


Wall:

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DEFINITION/FUNCTION:• To divide up space and where necessary carry loads• Vertical envelope against wind and rain

MATERIAL:• Brick• Concrete• Wood• Steel

TYPE:• Basement wall• External wall• Internal wall


Wall-Basement externalwall:

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CONSTRUCTION:• Concrete (cast in situ)• Solid light weight concrete blocks• Sandwich element


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Heavy external wall:

• Load bearing

• Masonry : Concrete wall/ Brick wall

Wall- Externalwall


Wall- Externalwall

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Brick wall:• Single row of brick or blocks in the walls(called course).• Cavity wall with two parts: inner(internal) and• Outer(external wall)

Inner leaf

Wall tiel

Mortar joint

Outer leaf

Insulation

D.P.CDamp Proof Course

Old type from 1950

Mod

enty

pe fr

om20

11


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Brick cavity wall :– Tradition in Northern Europe– Protect from dampnessOther type:

Heavy External wall:

Brickwork combing with concrete

Brickwork combing withconcrete element

Brickwork combing with light weight concrete block


Light External wall:

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Loading bearing frame : • Steel profiles/ wooden studs• Light cladding/ brickwork outer leafVentilated cavity, a wind proof layer, insulation and a moister barrier


Load Bearing Internal wall:

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DEFINITION:• A wall carrying a vertical load from roof/ storey partitions

MATERIAL:• Bricks• Blocks• Prefabricated elements of lightweight concrete

Non-load Bearing Internal wall:

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DEFINATION:• Do not carry the load• No bracing

MATERIAL:• Stud walls (wood or steel)• Clad in boards(plasterboard, plywood etc.)

Window:

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DEFINITON:• Allow light into the house• Divide the facade

TYPE:


Top-hung Tit-and-turn hung Side-hung

Window:

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ROOFLIGHT WINDOW:

Domed roofligt Skylight

Rooflight Skylight


Window:

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MATERIAL:• Timber• Metal• Plastic• Timber and metal


Cavity

Base

Drain

Window frame

Rubber tape

Double glazing

Window:

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Joints with external wall :


Head

Sill

Head

Sill

Door: Types

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Swingingdoors

Sliding doors

Folding doors

Roll up doors

Up and over doors

Tipping doors

Springs to assist

Steel strips

grooves

CylinderWinding drum


Door:

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DoorstepSill

Threshold

Jamb

Head

Rebate

Door frame structural elements


Door: Appearances

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Panel doors Flush doors

Glass

Plywood panel


Door: Components

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Lock

Door stop

Handle

Bolt Escutcheon

Latch

Fastener


Roof:

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DEFINITION:• Upper face of the building envelop

FUNCTION:• Protect the building from wind and rain

CONSTRUCTION:• Laid on battens, sheets or boards• Supported by loading bearing structure: rafter


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TYPE:

Roof:


Roof:

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Pitched roof/Gable roof:

Ridge

Eave

GableAttic / Loft

A 45° slope

Roof claddingRoof covering


Roof:

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Traditional Roof Timber frame:

Purlin

Rafter

Ridge

King post

Truss


Roof:

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Timer trusses:

Brace

Cat walk


Roof:

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Roof covering:• pan tiles or roman tile• Fibre-cement roofing sheets• Roofing felt• Fibre-cement roofing slates• Natural roofing slates• Steel or aluminium sheeting


Roof:

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Roof detail:


Building service:

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DEFINITION:• Enable or determine the use of a building during

or after it construction.

INCLUDING:• Waste&Drains• Water supply• Space heating• Gas supply• Ventilation• Electrical supply• Telecommunications


Waste & Drain

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Waste: Inside a buildingDrain: From outside a building to the main ”sewer”Sewer: Under the road and carring the waste to ourfall


Water supply:

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Water: Supply from a water treatment plant


Space Heating

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Energy required can be generated by:• Gas or electricity• Solid fuel (coal)• Wood• Solar energy

Most common form is central heating, hot waterpassed through pipes and radiators with the heating being transferred to the space.


Gas supply

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Supplied from:• From gas main• Liquid petroleum gas from bottlesProvide for:• Hot water• Space heating• Cooking


Ventilation:

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TYPE:• Natrual ventilation • Mechnical ventilation


Electrical supply

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Electrical system conduct current to the sockets or outlets.


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Time to work !

• Check on introduction of assignment

• Deadline for the assignment is Monday beforekl 8.00

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