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T ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Phn Cng T ng HaBin son: Th.S Trn Van Trinh Khoa Cng Ngh in T Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Email: tranvantrinh [email protected] DT:0935911775Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Phn cng cho t ng haCm bin 1. Cm bin 2. B pht ng. 3. Chuyn i ADC 4. Chuyn i DAC 5. Cc thit b vo/ra cho dng ri rc.

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Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Giao tip my tnh qu trnh thc hin iu khin qu trnh, my tnh phi bt buc c. Thu thp d liu v truyn tnh hiu. Quy trnh sn xut Cc thit b yu cu thc hin: Cm bin o cc bin qu trnh lin tc v ri rc. B pht ng iu khin cc thng s qu trnh. Cc b ADC v DAC Thit b I/O.

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H thng iu khin qu trnh - my tnh.

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Cm binHai loi chnh 1. Lin tc 2. Ri rc Nh phn S (e.g., b m xung)

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Cc b pht ngL thit b phn cng thc thi m lnh lm thay i thng s vt l. Thay i thng l phn c kh (nh v tr hoc vn tc ) B pht ng l b chuyn i v n bin i lng vt l thnh dng khc. B pht ng thng c tc ng bi tn hiu lnh bin thp, v vy cn b khuch i cung cp cng sut cho b pht ng.

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Cc loi thit b pht ng1. Pht ng in ng c in ng c DC servo ng c AC ng c bc Solenoids 2. Thy lc S dng thy lc khuch i tnh hiu iu khin. 3. Thy lc 3. Kh nn S dng kh nn truyn ng lc.Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Van kh nn 5/2: k hiuGm: Miu t v tr van solenoid Hng kh vo hay ra Port x Port ang ng Port cp khTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

L xo hi

Cc k hiu pht ng van kh nnL xo hi v Nt nhn Bng tay Con ln (roller) in (solenoid) ng dn kh (air pilot) ng dn kh (air pilot) loi thay i.

on by Bn p C kh(piston0

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Cc loi van 5/2

Pilot line & return spring (5/2) valve.

Solenoid & return spring (5/2) valve.

Double pilot lines (5/2) valve. Double solenoid (5/2) valve. Double solenoid & return springs (5/3) valve.

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Cu to bn trong van 5/2D E

P1

P2D E

A DP1

B E

C

A B

C

K hiuP2

A

B

C

Cu to van 5/2 : Dng ng dn kh tc ng van (air pilot)Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Mt s van 5/2 thc t

Ng ra X A+ ACp kh X

Ng ra A+ A-

X Cp kh X

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Cc loi van kh nnVan 3/2

X Cp kh Ng ra

NC van

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Xy lanh tc ng kp+

Cp kh

Kh x

Kh x

Cp kh

Valve A

Valve B

Mch iu khinTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Hnh dng cc loi van

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Xy lanhTc ng nGi piston

Port cp/x PISTON

L xo hi -

+

Cp kh Th.s Trn vn Trinh

X kh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Xy lanhXy lanh tc ng kp+ A .a+START

AVA

A+

Mch iu khin - xylanh tc ng kp s dng van pilot 5/2, van nt nhn 3/2 v van hnh trnh 3/2 (a+) cho chu trnh my START, A+,A- .Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Xy lanh tc ng kpNguyn l vn hnh Lc u tt c cc v tr nh trong hnh bn. Nhn Start A+ c cp kh, dch van 5/2 sang v tr bn cnh, xylanh c cp kh. Nn piston di chuyn lm m rng xylanh. Khi nh nt nhn, piston vn duy tr v tr mi. cui chu k gi piston tc ng vo cng tc hnh trnh van 3/2 (a+) lm kh cp vo A-, y xylanh tr v v tr ban u mt cc t ng. Kt thc qu trnh.Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

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V d 1: Mch nh bng chi tit

Valve A

Valve B

S mchY X

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V d 2: Thit b k mch tun t theo trnh t my sau: START, A+,B+, A-,B-

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iu khin ri rc s dng PLC v PC1. iu khin qu trnh ri rc 2. Cc s hnh thang 3. PLC 4. My tnh c nhn s dng logic mm.

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iu khin qu trnh ri rcCc h thng vn hnh da trn cc thng s v cc bin, chng thay i khng lin tc theo thi gian gian. Cc thng s v cc bin thng ri rc: 0 hoc 1, ON hoc OFF, ng hoc m, , Cc cm bin: Cng tc hnh trnh: tip im NC/NO Quang: On/off Timer : On/off Cc b pht ng Motor: On/off Van: m/ng Khp: Engaged/not engagedTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Cc loi iu khin ri rc1. iu khin logic thay i theo s kin 2. iu khin tun t thay i theo thi gian.

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Cc phn t trong iu khin logicCac cng logic: AND OR NOT NAND NOR

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Cng and

Mch in minh ha cng and

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Cng or

Mch in minh ha cng OR

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Cng NOT

Mch in minh ha cng NOT

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iu khin khin tun tH thng chuyn mch s dng cc thit b nh thi bn trong xc nh thi im thay i bin ng ra. Thng l iu khin vng h Tn hiu ng ra thng theo chu k, Cc thit b tun t: B nh thi chuyn mch on/off B m m xung in v lu chng.

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Lu hnh thangGm cc phn t logic khc nhau v cc phn t khc b tr theo hnh thang, v c ni vi nhau bng hai dy dc. Gm cc phn t: 1. Tip im cc ng vo logic (cc cng nghip tc hnh trnh, cm bin quang) 2. Ti - ng ra, e.g., ng c, n, ci, solenoid. 3. B nh thi qui nh thi gian gian tr. 4. B m m xung nhn c.

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Cc h thng RELAYS hnh thang Relay, xylanh, cc k hiu van Tun t Thc hin ghp ni relay Phng php Huffman Lu Primitive and Merged Flow Tables State Assignment Output and Excitation FunctionsTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

S hnh thang

S tng qut

S in nh

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Mch R-S flip-lop

Mch c bn

Mch tip im

Mch tng qut Mch R-STh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Van tc ng xylanh v tr cng tc hnh trnhCc loi cng dng van kh nn

Khng o

o

Cng AND

Cng OR

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Van tc ng xylanh v tr cng tc hnh trnhCc loi cng khc

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Van tc ng xylanh v tr cng tc hnh trnh

Sai

p sut kh nng v lnh bng nhau

p sut kh nng ln hn kh lnh

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Van khng lo xo hi v

Van c lo xo hi v

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V tr -

V tr ang di chuyn

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V tr +

NO

NC

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Van khng lo xo hi v

Van c lo xo hi v

V tr -

V tr ang di chuyn

V tr +Th.s Trn vn Trinh

NO

NC


Phng php c minh ha bng cc v d sau

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Cch tnh lc trong xy lanhXy lanh tc ng n

d2 dientich = r 2 = 4Lc = p sut din tch Xy lanh tc ng kp Din tch hiu dng = din tch piston din tch gi piston Lc = p sut din tch hiu dng

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V d 1: Trnh t khoan 2 l trn g Xy lanh A c nh thanh g. Xy lanh B nng v h thc hin khoan. Xy lanh C di chuyn mi khoan n b tr mi.

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Miu t Quy trnhQuy trnh bt u bng cch nhn START

1. Xy lanh "A" gi thanh g. 2. Xy lanh "B" h thp mi khoan, thc hin khoan. 3. Xy lanh "B" nng mi khoan, tch mi khoan khi thanh g, hon tt qu trnh khoan. 4. Xy lanh "C dch mi khoan ti v tr khoan mi. 5. Xy lanh "B" h thp mi khoan, thc hin khoan. 6. Xy lanh "B" nng mi khoan, tch mi khoan khi thanh g, hon tt qu trnh khoan. 7. Xy lanh "C a mi khoan tr v v tr ban u v xy lanh A nh thanh g.

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Tm tt quy trnh

Quy trnh xylanh

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Tm tt quy trnh

Trng thi xylanh

Cng tt hnh trnh

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Tm tt quy trnhTrng thi xylanh Cng tc hnh trnh vanTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

V d 2: Mch relay tc ng hai xylanh: START, A+,A-, B+, B-

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V d 3:Trnh t thit k: Tc ng xylanh A+

Tc ng A-

Nu nhn lu th A+ v A- cng tc ng.Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

V d 3 (tt)Khc phc tc ng AHiu chnh B+

B+ khi ng trc khi nhn A+

B+ v B- cng tc ng, CR1 lun c inTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Vi d 3 (tt)Hiu chnh v tc ng B- v TMR Cch ly cc tc hnh trnh vi solenoid

Thm reset b2 ti CR1Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Thit k s hnh thang s dng phng php: CASCADEQui tc v mc tiu phng php. Trnh tc ng i lp nhau trong cng mt xylanh. S khc nhau gia hai trng thi m mt xylanh thc hin nhiu hn mt chu k. Kch thc nhm cng ln cng tt ( ti thiu s relay). Cc k t ging nhau phi khc nhm (trnh s i ngc trong cng xylanh). Ngoi tr trng hp c bit, phn nhm khng ph thuc vo van c hay khng c lo xo hi v.

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V d:S TuN T

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Phn nhm c chu trnhChu trnh ban u

Chu trnh sau khi phn nhm

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S HNH THANG TNG QUTS mch CASCADE tng qut cho 3 xylanh v 4 nhm qu trnh

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V d 1Xy dng s mch CASCADE cho quy trnh theo trnh t sau:

Xylanh tc ng bng valve 5/2 khng c l xo hi v. Cc valve c kch hot bng in. Phn nhm quy trnhTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

V d 1: Li giiS mch cha hon chnh rt ra t s tng qut

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V d 1: Li giiMch hon chnh

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Xylanh tc ng bng valve 5/2 vi l xo hi v. Cc valve c kch hot bng in

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Li gii v d 2:

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Li gii v d 2:

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Xylanh tc ng bng valve 5/2 khng l xo hi v. Cc valve c kch hot bng in

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Gii:

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Gii

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Xylanh tc ng bng valve 5/2 vi l xo hi v. Cc valve c kch hot bng in

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Gii

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Gii

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Bi tpXy dng s trng thi cho cc xylanh, cng tc hnh trnh, cc van cho cc qu trnh c trnh t sau: 1. START, A+, A-, B+, C+, B-, C2. START, A+, B+, C+,C-, A-, D+,A+, D-, B-,A- s dng van 5/2 vi hai solenoid. 3. START, A+, B+, B-, A- . 1. s dng van 5/2 vi hai solenoid. 2. S dng 1 solenoid v 1 l so hi v. 4. START, A+, B+, B-, B+, B-, A-, 1. s dng van 5/2 vi hai solenoid. 2. S dng 1 solenoid v 1 l so hi v.Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

nh ngha on-delay timer

Ngay khi ng vo bng 0 th ng ra cng bng 0 Khi ng vo thay i t 0 ln 1 th ng ra s delay T giy. Khi ng vo thay i t 1 v 0 thi ng ra v 0 tc th v b m timer b reset.

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nh ngha on-delay timerS xung

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PLCB iu khin vi my tnh, s dng nhiu trong cng nghip qu trnh. Tn hiu iu khin l tn hiu nh nhn v tng t, PID. Loi b vic s dng cc relay v dy ni. Cha nhiu b m v timer. Thit b c tin cy hon ho. L gii php thit k cho cc h thng phc tp. D dng thc hin v d thay i chng trnh. Tn hiu vo ra d giao tip vi cc thit b c p hoc dng ln. Lm vic tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip. C th cnh bo li. C th iu khin v gim st t xa qua my tnh ch. Khng kinh t cho cc qu trnh nh, n gin. Chm nhng vn t yu cu cho cc x l trong cng nghip.Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

PLCCu to chung

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PLCCc ng vo ri rc ti PLC Cng tc hnh trnh Cng tt tim cn Cng tt quang. Cng tt cm bin (mc, p sut, nhit ,..). Cng tt dng nt nht Cng tt xoay Tip im relay.

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PLCCc thit b m PLC c th giao tip Relay Van in. Xy lanh thy lc, kh nn v motor n Cnh bo: ci, chung,.. Nhit Contactors,.

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PLCChun giao tip I/O 12, 24, 48, 120, 230 VAC 12, 24, 48, 120, 230 VDC 5VDC ( cho TTL)

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PLCS kt ni PLC vi cc i tng I/O.

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PLCPLC kt ni thnh mng Mng tng qut

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PLCCc loi Mng hay dng

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PLCS khi tng qut PLC

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PLCV d kt ni PLC vi ly lanh

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PLCGn cc bin cho PLC cho qu trnh c trnh t sau:

Cc bin ng vo

Cc bin ng ra khng xo hi v

Cc bin ng ra xo hi v

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PLC

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PLCH thng iu ha khng kh vn hnh bng nt nhn S khi

T.S = temperature switch ACS = air-condition system

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PLC

S bn trong PLC

S hnh thang

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PLCS kt ni PLC

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PLCThang my cho ta nh nm tng, thang my chy t ng khng c iu khin ca con ngi, thang t ng dng 10s ti mi tng.

S pht tho kt ni PLCTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

PLC

Th.s Trn vn Trinh


Phng php HUFFMANLm gim s nhm mt cch hiu qu. Hiu qu cho bi ton m bin ng vo ngu nhin. Phng php kh phc tp Phng php Huffman-PLC: Thc hin flip-lop cho mi trng thi. Loi b tnh phc tp ca phng php Huffman. Cho php thc hin rt gn bng ba Karnaugh v ba Pseudo Karnaugh

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Phng php HuffmanGm 8 bc nh ngha cc trng thi. Biu primitive. Lp bng primitive. S merge. Gm nhm merge. Bng merge. Gn trng thi. Lp bng cho cc ng ra. Lp hm kch thch dng flip-lop. Hm ng ra. Mch logic.Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

Phng php HuffmanV d 1: xy dng mch logic cho qu trnh c trnh t sau:

Th.s Trn vn Trinh


V d 1(tt)

Biu primitive

S gm nhm (merge)

Bng primitiveTh.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

V d 1(tt)Sau khi gm ta cn 4 dng, ng vi 2 flip-lop. t y1,y2 lm hai ng ra.

Bng gm nhm

Bng trng thi ng ra

Th.s Trn vn Trinh


V d 1(tt)Ta cn tm cc hm R1,S1,R2,S2 v A+ ng vi reset v set ca hai slip-lop.v hm A+. Lp 4 bng ng vi R, S v mt bng tm hm A+.

Chi tit trong sch inustrial automation

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V d 2:

S dng Van 5/2 khng lo xo hi v

Lu tun t:

Xy lanh van 5/2

S khi Sinh vin t gii?

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Quy tc gm cc bin trng thi

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Quy tc gm cc bin trng thi

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V d 3:H thng trn yu cu: Cho cht lng vo bn,Trn mt thi gian, X ra.

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V d 3 (tt)Qui trnh t ng nh sau: Bt u bng nhn nt Start. Lnh ny m Valve FILL. Qu trnh bm cht lng cho n khi cm bin HIGH tc ng. Lc ny valve FILL ng v motor trn bt u, v timer tc ng. Trn thi gian, motor ngng v valve x DRAIN m. Khi bnh cn, cm bin mc LOW m, valve x DRAIN ng

Th.s Trn vn Trinh


V d 3 (tt)Qu trnh tm tt theo s tun t sau:

Phn lm 4 nhm

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V d 3 (tt): Phng php cascade:

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V d 3(tt): phng php HuffmanBng primitive S gm nhm

Cc trng hp Phn nhm c th c

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V d 3(tt): phng php HuffmanNhm c chn

Bng gm nhm

Cn tm cc hm R,S, F, D, M, T(tmr)?

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V d 3(tt): phng php Huffman

Sp xp li bng phn nhm

Hm S-R

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V d 3(tt): phng php Huffman

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V d 4(tt)

Cc chi tit c chiu cao khc nhau c chuyn trn bng ti. Cc chi tit c chiu cao khng ng phi b loi. Chi tit b loi qua mt ca loi (Z=1). Cc cm bin: X1 pht hin chi tit c chiu cao ng. X2 dng pht hin mi chi tit

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V d 4S khi

nh ngha cc trng thi: Kim tra vng trng X1X2 = 00. Chi tit vo vng kim tra X1X2 = 10. Chi tit trong vng kim tra X1X2 = 11. Chi tit bt u ri vng kim tra X1X2 = 01. Cc chi tit thp trong vng kim tra X1X2 = 01 (loi).Th.s Trn vn Trinh Bi ging mn t ng ha qu trnh cng ngh

V d 4(tt)S trnh t Bng trnh t

S phn gm nhm

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V d 4(tt)Cc nhm c th gm Chn

Bng gm nhm

Gn bin trng thi

Ng ra Z

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V d 5H thng kha v m ca c iu khin bi hai cng tc X1, X2. Ca m hoc ng phi nhp m theo trnh t sau:

Ca m khi c t nht 5 ng vo tha mn: 00 10 11 10 11 v ng ngay khi hai ng vo X1X2 =00.

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V d 5

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V d 5

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V d 5

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V d 6

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V d 6

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V d 6

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V d 6

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V d 6

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V d 6

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