tt na studying pl.doc

8/10/2019 TT NA Studying PL.doc

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Protech (Protective Textiles)

Textiles used in protective clothing which keeps the wearer

safe from harms in the workplace or environment.

Other than normal wear that provides the necessary amount

of protection, when more protection is needed, it can come

from blends, novel bers, coatings and laminates and novel

textile structures.

Primary goal is more functional; protection against haards

but still maintains a certain level of design ! comfort.

"aards#

Protection against cuts, abrasion, ballistic and severe

impacts like stab wounds, explosions and extreme haard,

haardous dust and particles, biological and chemical

agents, high voltages and static electricity, foul weather,

extreme cold, poor visibility.

$pplications#

%ut resistant gloves &eg. 'sed in the (lass )ndustry*

+ullet )mpact &ilitary, -ecurity, aw /nforcement eg. 0evlar

1ests* 2ock climbing safety ropes, %limbing harness

"igh temperature resistant clothing &3ireghter $pparel*

$rmy Tents

$stronaut -uits


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Sporttech (Sports Textiles)

Textiles used in sportswear, sports e4uipment, performance

clothing and footwear for sports.

-portswear# 5 %an have both aesthetic and function

re4uirements.

$esthetic re4uirements# -urface Texture, "andle, uster

and %olor )ntensity 3unctional re4uirements# ightweight, "igh Tenacity,

/longation, ow resistance to 6uid transmission, 1apor

permeability,Thermal 2egulation, '1 degradation resistance, -weat

absorbing ability and fast drying7 evaporation.

$pplications#

-ports wear &eg. %oolmax, "ygra*

-ports shoes7 2unning shoes &eg. 0evlar*

$rticial turfs &lawn, grass* used in sports surfaces.

2ac4uet, %ycle 3rames, (olf clubs, 3ishing rods, 3ishing ine

&$dvanced carbon ber composites* &3ishing rods can be of

$ramid origin and 3ishing ines being made of 8yneema* +alloon fabrics, parachute fabrics, paragliding fabrics and

sail cloth.


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Tencel? ber, with a natural touch, to be worn on the outer face

of the fabric.

&"ydrophillic @ "ydrophobic combined construction*

%oolmax? #(No. of laments exceeds the denier)

%oolmax?, trademark of )nvista, is a moisture wicking

technical ber developed by 8uPont Textiles and

)nteriors &now )nvista*.

These P/- bers improve


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$dvan-$s moisture management polyester ber, %oolmax?

has both > and A channel variations, with an increased

surface area to promote moisture wicking.

:hy choose %oolmax?B 3or staying dry, cool and comfortable when you start to

perspire. -weating is one of the bodys mechanisms to stay cool

so %oolmax?fabric helps wick this moisture away and

help stay dry and energied.

"ow does it workB Pulls moisture away from the skin.

"elps spread this moisture out across the fabric to

increase the rate of evaporative drying. $ir moves in to keep the body cool and dry

oisture management @ +reathability C Total %omfort

Easy care5 machine washable and dryable.

Energy saving5 4uick drying which reduces the use of adryer. Dust hang to dry.

Comfort5 0eeps chill and dry skin5 )nducing perspiration

away from the skin and moves it to the outer layers for

evaporation.


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Textiles used in oisture anagement


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Clothtech (Clothing Components)

3ibers, yarns and textiles that are used as trimmings in

clothing./g. -ewing thread, interlinings, wadding and insulation.


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They dont necessarily include main outer or lining fabrics

nor do they cover protective clothing.

/nsures accurate t and optimum comfort of the garment.

-tretchability, 2esistance to -hrinkage, 8urability during

washing5 all of these add value to the garment.

ost sophisticated materials include#5

Temperature dependent phase change materials

incorporated into insulation products that give a certain

degree of control and resistance during extreme

temperatures &hot or cold*.

$pplications#

-ewing thread

)nterlinings

:adding and insulation

1elcro

Eippers

-hoe laces 8rawstring

Buildtech (Building and Construction)

Textiles or composite materials used to construct permanent

and temporary buildings and structures.

They have replaced steel due to#

"eat conduction &Thermal conductivity*

2usting7 corrosion

"eavy weight


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Textiles are used in the construction of#

o %oncrete reinforcement

o )nterior construction

o )nsulationso 2oong materials

o $ir conditioning systems

o Foise and vibration prevention

o Tarpaulins

o -un blinds

o $wnings

o -tadium dome

o -oundproof liners

o -wimming pool linerso :all coverings

$pplications#

Temporary structures like Tents, $wnings and %anopies

&Proofed heavy cotton or lighter, rot5 sunlight and

weatherproof &or reproof* synthetics are used* $rchitectural embranes5 -ports -tadia @ /xhibition %enter

8omes and other odern +uildings %otton %anvas Tarpaulins

"8P/ Tarpaulins

3loor and :all coverings

Fon woven glass and P/- used in 2oong $pplications

+reathable textile membranes used to prevent moisture

penetration through walls. 3ibers and textiles used in building and e4uipment insulation

&(lass 3iber replacing $sbestos*. odern roong and buildings are lines with special

nonwovens to prevent moisture condensation and dripping. 8ouble wall spacer fabrics are lled with materials that

provide sound and thermal insulation or serve as lightweight

cores for composite materials.


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geotechnical engineering related structure to form an

integral part of a human proGect, structure or system.

$pplications#

-eparation

2einforcement

3iltration

8rainage

3luid +arrier

Hometech (Home Textiles)

"ome furnishing fabrics. /g.

%arpet +ackings &:oven 3abrics*

%urtains

:all %overings

+oth Fatural and -ynthetic bers used.

oose bers in wadding and 3iberll applications.

"ollow bers with excellent insulating properties are used in

bedding and sleeping bags.


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3ibers treated with 3lame retardant nish replace foams in

furniture and decorative furnishings.

%urtain header tapes &Fonwovens like -punbondeds*

ops and 8usters &8rylaid and "ydroentangled Products*

$pplications#

%arpet +ackings

+eddings, attress, Pillow components &eg. -tuHng or Pillow

case*, -leeping bags

3urniture %urtains7 +linds

ops

1acuum %leaner5 3ilter %loth used inside

os4uito nets &:arp 0nitted*

"1$% &"eating, 1entilation, $ir %onditioning* 3ilters 5

Fonwoven

Indutech (Industrial Textiles)

Textiles having direct used in industrial processes. /g.

3ilters

%onveyor +elts

$brasive +elts

2einforcements for printed circuit boards, seals and

other industrial e4uipment Te6on coated outer surface of -team "eated %ylinders

used in Textile ills.

$pplications#


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%onveyor +elts for instance &'sed in the industry for power

transmission* needs strength and stretch properties of the

belt.The carcass fabric is an open weave fabric &woven*, being

bonded together.$n adhesive called


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Implanta!le Materials5 -utures , $rticial

igaments, 1eins and $rteries, -kin 2eplacement,

Orthopedic Pads, 1ascular (rafts

&P/T being unreactive and non5toxic is ideal astubing used to repair damaged blood vessels in

heart bypass operations.P/T tube can be inserted into the weakened

section of a blood vessel.)ts also used as a skin substitute for people

su9ering severe burns.*

"xtra Coporeal #evices5 $rticial "eart, 0idney,

Doint, echanical ung, "ollow 3ibers for 8ialysis

achines.

H$giene% Healthcare5 :ipes, +abies 8iapers

&nappies*, $dults sanitary products &$dult 8iapers*,

Operating (owns and 8rapes, +edding,

-teriliation Packs.

&e'otech ("cological Protection Textiles)

/co5friendly textiles used for protection of the environment.

Technical textiles for protection of the environment and

ecology. /g.

/rosion Protection

$ir %leaning

owering :ater Pollution

:aste :ater Treatment

2ecycling of :aste

andll :aste anagement, involves using geosynthetic

products to prevent leakage of haardous waste.


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-econdary protection in %hemical7 Oil )ndustries &(round

covers are provided around process tanks incase of a leak*

3or areas including )ndustrial textiles &3iltration edia*,

(eotextiles &/rosion %ontrol and -ealing of Toxic :aste*,$gricultural Textiles &inimiing water loss from plants and

reducing the need for herbicides by providing a mulch to the

plants*.

2educed weight in transport and construction can save

materials and energy.

2ecycling not only in packaging but also for products like

cars.

$pplications#

3iltration edia &)ndustrial Textiles*

/rosion %ontrol

-ealing of Toxic :aste &(eotextiles*

Pac'tech (Pac'aging and Containment Textiles)

3lexible packaging materials used for industrial and

agricultural applications. )ts also used for consumer goods.

/g.

-ynthetic bags for industrial packaging

Dute sackings for packaging food grains

Textiles used for manufacturing bags and sacks

&traditionally cotton and Gute but now replaced by PP*


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&-trength, regularity, eHcient handling techni4ues have

made synthetics the better choice for packaging*

-torage and distribution of powdered and granular

materials like -and, %ement, -ugar, 3ertilier, 3lour toeven 8yestu9s*

ight weight Fonwovens and 0nitted -tructures have

wrapping and protection applications in the food

industry. Tea and %o9ee bags are :et5aid Fonwovens.

eats, 1egetables and 3ruits and packed with a

Fonwoven insert to absorb li4uids. Others use 0nitted

net packaging. :oven strappings are less dangerous to cut that metal

bands and wires traditionally used for densely packed

bales.

$pplications#

Polyolen :oven -acks

eno +ags5 :arp 0nitted

Tea and %o9ee +ags5 Fonwoven

Dute "essian and -acks

:rapping fabric

Smart Textiles (Intelligent Textiles)

aterials and structures &Textiles* that are able to sense and

react to environmental conditions or some sort of stimuli

&mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical or others*.


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%lassication of -mart Textiles#

Passive -mart

$ctive -mart

'ltra smart

Passive -mart Textiles#5

3irst (eneration of -mart Textiles. These only

sense environmental conditions or stimuli. /g. Optical 3ibers embedded in fabrics to give

%onductive 3abrics. '15 Protective clothing &'1 3inished*

ultilayered composite yarn and textiles Plasma Treated %lothing

%eramic %oated Textiles

%onductive 3ibers

3ibers with Optical -ensors

Ho the$ or'


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$ctive -mart Textiles#5

-econd (eneration of -mart Textiles. They have

both actuators and sensors.

$ctuators depend on the signal detected directly or

from a central control unit.

They can be fabrics that have the following attributes#

5 -hape emory5 %hameleonic5 :ater 2esistant

5 1apour Permeable &"ydrophilic and Fonporous*5 "eat storage5 Thermo regulated5 1apour absorbing5 "eat evolving5 /lectrically "eated suits

Phase %hange aterials &P%*, -hape emory

aterials &-*, "eat -ensitive 8yes &"-8* in textiles

are $ctive -mart Textiles.

'ltra -mart Textiles#5

Third (eneration of -mart Textiles. They can

-ense, 2eact and $dapt to /nvironmental

conditions or -timuli.They are the "ighest evel of -mart Textiles./g.

They work like a brain5 with cognition,reasoning and activated capacities.

'sed for electronic devices; embedding the

entire system into fabrics, clothing and

accessories. 'sed during %ombat


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0eep comfortable during /xtreme :eather

%onditions. -mart %lothes

:earable %omputers

usical Dackets ighting and Performance %ostumes


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("lectronic Textiles)

The -mart -hirt

(eorgia Tech developed5


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$nalyes and determines whether immediate attention is

needed during the rst hour of %ombat.

-ensors added depend entirely on the wears needs. 3or

instance, re5ghter would need sensors that give a measure

of oxygen or haardous gas levels.Other sensors measure respiration rate and body

temperature.

The -ensory +aby 1est

$ vest e4uipped with sensors that constantly keeps track of

vital functions/g. "eart rate, ungs &2espiration*, -kin and +ody

Temperaure.

-ensors are attached in a safe way that they dont in anyway

pinch or irritate the infant.

Chromic Materials

$lso known as


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ParaHn is a substance that absorbs about LMM kD per

kilogram of heat that goes into melting it. &$bsorption

of heat# /ndothermic 2eaction*

$ high amount of heat absorbed by the paraHn isreleased to the surrounding area during the cooling

process beginning at its crystalliation temperature. &$s

it cools, giving o9 heat555 this being the other process of

cooling*

8uring melting &$pplying heat to it*, the P%

temperature and the surrounding temperature stays

constant. /xcess heat generated by the body gets

absorbed by the paraHn as well during its meltingprocess.

Thats right. /nergy applied to convert paraHn from

solid to li4uid still stays stored in the li4uid paraHn 55555

a special phenomenon of paraHn.

$s excess heat is taken away from the body, the

undesired temperature increase thats bound to occur

with the normal heating process doesnt occur. -amebeing true for the crystalliation process.

8uring crystalliation of the paraHn, the temperature of

the P% doesnt change either. This way the high heat

transfer during the melting process now makes the P%

a heat storage device.

eaning at night the temperature drops and this li4uid

paraHn now turns back to solid and this formerly stored

energy gets dissipated to the article being worn, giving

warmth.


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&%old temperature isnt only during the night; it can be under cold

climate regions as well*.

This process only occurs over a specic temperature

range for a specic P%.

%onditioning is denitely re4uired before use due to its

usage under di9erent temperatures7 climates.

)n their application, the paraHns are either in solid or

li4uid state. To prevent their dissolution &while in li4uid

state*, it is microencapsulated &dia of the capsules

being a few microns*.

These microcapsules are either permanently locked inbers and polyurethane foams O2 coated onto the

surface of the textile substrate.

3or the rst case, generally the weft yarns are hollow

yarns used with the microcapsules being contained

inside them.

ParaHn &-olid at LLN%*

ParaHn &elting point or i4uid at IN%*

+ook version#


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o icroencapsulation in P%s were originally developed for

F$-$ astronauts garments, that bu9ers temperature

swings, absorbing excess heat when the wearer is active and

releasing heat when the wearer begins to cool down.

o This is based on


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Shape Memor$ Materials (SMMs)

8epending on -timuli, they are classied as#

5 $ttaining di9erent shapes under di9erent

temperatures

5 $ttaining di9erent shapes due to being an


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-imilarly this deformation is reversed under high

temperatures.

-ome alloys are capable of Two :ay $ctivation, stimuli of

this being 1arying %limate or Physical $ctivity.

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