tsunami detector1 ppt

Tsunami DetectorTsunami Detector

TsunamiTsunami

A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.

Regular Wind Generated WaveRegular Wind Generated Wave

10 Feet

300 Feet

Speed: 10-20 mph

Tsunami in Deep OceanTsunami in Deep Ocean

1-2 Feet

316,800 Feet

Speed: 450-650 mph

Tsunami Approaching ShoreTsunami Approaching Shore

10-100+ Feet

5,000 – 10,000 Feet

Speed: 35-220 mph

Tsunami Cycle Tsunami Cycle

TidalTidalSurgeSurge

UnderlyingUnderlyingGeologicalGeological

EventEvent WaterWaterDisplacedDisplaced

Wave Wave PropagationPropagation

TidalTidalWithdrawWithdraw

Detection Opportunities

Detection Opportunities

DetectionDetection

CoastlineActivity

CoastlineActivity

Wave Activity

Wave Activity

Geologic Activity

Geologic Activity

Phase 1Phase 1 Phase 2Phase 2 Phase 3Phase 3

Current State of the ArtCurrent State of the Art

5,000 M

Surface Buoy

Hydrophone

Anchor

TsunamiDetector

Acoustic Link

Satellite

Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65

Advantages & DrawbacksAdvantages & Drawbacks

• AdvantagesAdvantages– Deep water pressure Deep water pressure

produces relatively low produces relatively low false-positives as wind-false-positives as wind-driven waves do not driven waves do not generate deep pressure generate deep pressure differentialsdifferentials

– Multiple sensors can Multiple sensors can triangulate epicenter of triangulate epicenter of water displacement and water displacement and wave propagation can be wave propagation can be predicted.predicted.

– Good advance warningGood advance warning

• DrawbacksDrawbacks– Expensive equipmentExpensive equipment– High maintenanceHigh maintenance– Requires multiple Requires multiple

communication links:communication links:• SonarSonar

• Satellite uplinkSatellite uplink

• Satellite downlinkSatellite downlink

• Last-mile notification to Last-mile notification to authoritiesauthorities

• Authorities must notify coastal Authorities must notify coastal dwellersdwellers

Genesis Tsunami Coastal AlertGenesis Tsunami Coastal Alert

Deep sea pressureDeep sea pressure

SeismicSeismicEventsEvents

Surface anomaliesSurface anomalies

Coastal Coastal Alarm & Alarm & DetectionDetection

Leading TroughThe receding sea that precedes a tsunami

Leading TroughThe receding sea that precedes a tsunami

• Near-shore subsidence facilitate tsunami penetration inland • Theoretical predictions* and field surveys indicate that

coastal run-up and inundation will be greater if the trough of the leading wave precedes the crest

* Raissa Mazova of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University in Russia and by Costas Synolakis of the University of Southern California


Anchor

Tsunami trough threshold level

Receding sea trigger

Anchor line under constant spring tension at buoy


Anchor

Tsunami trough threshold level

Tsunami trough(receding sea)

Tension in anchor line pulls buoy

into contact with trigger

Flares ignited to signal coastal communities

Satellite, RF, audible alarms execute responsive to

contact with trigger


Buoy measures tsunami crest – broadcasts satellite

data for emergency response in other areas.

Advantages to Coastal AlertAdvantages to Coastal Alert• Direct warning system in third world and Direct warning system in third world and

emerging industrial countriesemerging industrial countries– FlaresFlares– Audible sirenAudible siren– Local RF broadcast on emergency marine VHF Local RF broadcast on emergency marine VHF

channels and terrestrial radiochannels and terrestrial radio– Can be activated in advance by RF or satellite Can be activated in advance by RF or satellite

transmission if deep sea sensors forecast tsunami hit transmission if deep sea sensors forecast tsunami hit in the areain the area

• Low Cost DesignLow Cost Design– No expensive off-shore installation and maintenanceNo expensive off-shore installation and maintenance– Multi-use design – can be used for navigation, Multi-use design – can be used for navigation,

temperature readings, etc.temperature readings, etc.• Ideal supplement to sophisticated deep sea Ideal supplement to sophisticated deep sea

monitoringmonitoring

Genesis Tsunami Offshore AlertGenesis Tsunami Offshore Alert

Responsive to seismic event GTOA releases non-buoyant pressure sensors at multiple depths below normal wave action.


Detachable pressure sensors


Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity.


NOAA’s DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure.

NOAA’s DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure.






Seismic event detected – Genesis Offshore buoys drop pressure sensors to multiple depths.

Pressure Wave






Pressure readings are relayed to monitoring station. Multiple readings provide more accurate analysis of deep pressure readings.

Satellite

Genesis Drop SensorGenesis Drop Sensor

Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is

controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating

depth in synchronization.

Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is

controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating

depth in synchronization.

Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep

sea mounting.

Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep

sea mounting.

Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. –

Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube.

Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. –

Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube.

Telemetry and support line.

Telemetry and support line.


• No permanent seabed pressure sensor

• Pressure readings at multiple depths

• Pressure transducer equipment kept out of hostile environment until deployed

• Redundancy if a sensor fails

• Lower false positives

• No ROV needed for maintenance or deployment

Genesis Tsunami SystemGenesis Tsunami System

• Costal detection and notification

• Offshore monitoring and early warning

• Integrated systems provide prediction, notification and warning in a single package.

• Low costs for deployment and maintenance

• Superior data capture and uptime

Deep Sea P Sensor

Deep-sea pressure sensors (Germany)

Deep-sea pressure sensors (Germany)

Suggested global distribution of deep sea pressure sensors (to be defined)

Suggested global distribution of deep sea pressure sensors (to be defined)

Suggested placement of new seismographic and deep sea pressure

sensors (India)

Suggested placement of new seismographic and deep sea pressure

sensors (India)

Suggested real-time sea level stations (India)

Suggested real-time sea level stations (India)

Evacuation

- 1 -TsunamiDetection

- 2 -Data

Processing

- 3 -Alert

Messaging

- 5 -Preparation

- 4 -Rescue aid

Evacuation

- 1 -TsunamiDetection

- 2 -Data

Processing

- 3 -Alert

Messaging

- 5 -Preparation

- 4 -Rescue aid

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN MOBILE ENVIRONMENT

津波津波　　tsu nami 　

SOURCE: [email protected] www.vtt.fi/space

1. Tsunami detection Sensor system for the detection of the earthquake and

the tsunami wave Data transfer from surface to the processing centers

2. Data processing and data management Data collection and processing at the processing centers Derivation of alert messages including maps with

evacuation routes

3. Alert message distribution Through the Internet To cellular phones, including evacuation routes

4. Rescue aid Alert message collection and analysis from the cellular

phones Cellular phone location, including historical data Damage estimation using satellite data

5. Preparation Land cover maps and elevation information using satellite

data for flood area simulations

Local Tsunami – Alert SystemLocal Tsunami – Alert System

*Earthquake->Tsunami

Seismic recording

Civil Defense – to local administrations, 10 min

Evacuation

wave arrives in 45 minutes!

Analysis – Seismic data centerAutomatic procedures:-Broad band sensor-Small seismic array-Virtual regional network

Radio, TV stations – to population, 2 min

Cellular phone –to local population, 2 min

10 min ?human factor

3 min

Chinandega (El viejo)

1.- Venecia2.- Aposentillo3.- Jiquilillo4.- Aserraderos5.- Los Zorros6.- Padre Ramos7.- Mechapa8.- Punta Nata9.- Potosí

Chinandega (Corinto)

10.- Corinto11.- Isla del Cardón12.- Isla del Amor

Chinandega (El Realejo)

13.- Isla Maderas Negras14.- Isla Paredones15.- Paso Caballos

León

16.- El Tránsito 17.- Puerto Sandino18.- Salinas Grandes19.- Poneloya20.- Las Peñitas21.- Los Brasiles

Managua

22.- Salamina23.- Montelimar24.- Masachapa25.- Pochomil26.- San Diego27.- Gran Pacífica28.- Miraflores

Carazo

29.- Casares30.- La Boquita31.- Bocana de Masapa

Jinotepe

32.- Tipilapa33.- Huehuete34.- La Bocana

Rivas

35.- El Ostional36.- San Juan del Sur37.- El Menco38.- El Gigante39.- San Martín40.- Las Salinas41.- El Astillero42.- La Flor

(130,000) under risk

INETERINETER

CODECODE

DEFENSA CIVILDEFENSA CIVIL

90 kms

45 min

1

34

3837

23

4

65

87

9

1011

1213

14

15

16

17

18

19

202122

2324

2526

2728

2930

3132

33

3536

39

404142

Civil defence communication systemCivil defence communication systemSource Defensa Civil, 2005

-Alert messenger to PC screen of radio/TV presenters (under testing)

-SMS cell phone to decision maker (under testing)

-SMS cell phone to large sectors of population (under development)

New communication methods(in development)

New communication methods(in development)

Thank youThank you

tsunami detector1 ppt

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