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Tshwane Green City Concept Development

The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology,

economics, politics and culture.[1] (Wikipedia)

SFT GREEN TECHNOLOGY

Reg : 2010/059487/23

PRESENTING

TSHWANE GREEN CITY CONCEPT

DEVELOPMENT

GREEN CITY VISION FOR SOUTH AFRICA

&

ALLEZ AFRIQUE ALLIANCE LTEE

Registration: BC1035445, RICHMOND CANADA

“Trend Setters , World Shakers and History Makers”

Artist impression of Future Cities

MS RAESETSA SHIRLEY BAHULA-ERMIAS

+27 79 044 2980 / +27 74 491 1493

SFT PRESIDENT/ CEO & PROJECT DIRECTOR OF TSHWANE GREEN CITY




1. TSHWANE GREEN CITY CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

1. INTRODUCTION

The concept of ‘Green Cities’ is relatively new in the building environmental profession in South Africa. The

predominant trends however are more evident in architecture, solar water heating and less so in

alternative energies. Often these are generally isolated, stand alone monuments and are not holistically

integrated with similar solutions in the provision of infrastructure and services.

There are however many contemporary examples around the world but the majority of ideas exist in the

abstract reality of planners, designers and artists as they envision what the future cities will look like; more

like science fiction.

Almost invariably, the city visions evoke an ideal that is firmly grounded in the notion of ‘sustainability’and

technology. It is a common theme that cuts across the urban environment, infrastructure and services, the

built fabric including socio-economic considerations. Simply put, green; a phenomenon has generally been

likened to a REVOLUTION.

SUSTAINABILITY phrasiology has its genesis in the biological systems and primarily refers to the capacity to

endure in terms of systems and processes.

The most widely

quoted definition of

the concept of

sustainable

development is the

March 20th 1987

Brundtland Comission

of the United Nation

The idea of a

‘Green Cities’ is

synonymous with sustainability which in turn, has its roots

in the living organism. In reference to ecological, it is

envisaged that since the biological systems would

remain diverse and productive INDEFINITELY, the sytems

in a green cities would likewise remain diverse and

productive for ever.

The notion of green in the built environment has

become synoymous with sustainable development. This

is however not entirely new particularly architecture and

agriculture which can be traced back to bibilical times.

In more contemporary times, all kinds of images of what

the planners, designers and artist envision the future

cities will look like are everywhere you look in cyberspace.

Invariably they have one common theme, GREEN. It is said

that the phenomenon has generally been likened to a

REVOLUTION.

Figure 3

Figure 2 – Songdo City – South Korea

“sustainable development is development that meets the

needs of the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own needs”

(Wikipedia)




SO WHY CHOOSE GREEN IN THE BUILDING ENVIRONMENT

The concept of green is an all encompassing lifestyle ideal; that is: green buildings, green infrastructure,

the green economy (business), green agriculture etc.

In the building construction sector, according to some estimates, it is said that buildings accounts about

half of the world’s material and energy consumption, one-sixth of fresh water usage, and a quarter of all

wood harvested. The trends in the industry have seen a drop in the cost of sustainable building materials

and products. As the trends continues, green building will become the most cost effective. (Marc Lallanilla

2015).

The benefits of green buildings are generally as follows:

Low Green Building Costs.

o A 2003 study by by Califonia Sustainable Building Task Force demonstrated that for an initial

additional two percent additional design investment, generates atleast savings ten times

over.

Improved Productivity (Healthier Spaces)

o Generally building occupants who are healthy and comfortable are said to be more

productive.

Healthy Occupants in Green Buildings

o Historically the sick building syndrome was the result of not only poorly designed buildings

which primarily lacked good ventilation and thus created air pand other pollutants among

other issues.

Improved Retail Sales

o In a Califonia study of a 100 stores, it was found that sales went up in shops lit by skylights

than electrical lighting.

Lower utility demands

o Reduced demand on utilities such as gas, water, and electricity

Improved Quality of Life

o When all the benefits in a green building are added up, a better and enhanced lifestyles are

experienced.

Green infrastructure has been defined as the ‘design and developmentof infrastructure that works with

natural systems in the performance of its functions’ (Sustainable Infrastructure Handbook – South Africa

Vol. 1 et al 2014). The definition also suggests that green infrastructure reduces the negative inpacts on the

environment.

Given the relationship to the natural systems, the focus of green infrastructure is mainly on water and

storwater management. Other systems included arevegetation, land conservation, wetland and flood

plain construction, parks and greenbelt, generation of electricity from renewable sources such as wind,

water and solar.




The benefits of green infrastructure are listed below in brief:

Less expensive and cost effecting stormwater mangement.

Reduced energy demend on transporting water to a suitable discharge location. It also reduced the

heating and cooling load when located on building roofs.

Reduces the extent of pollutants collected and dispersed throughout the staormwater management

system.

Contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases impacting on the climate.

1.1 APPROACH – THE CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Green City development approach entails unpacking the traditional urban design tools

and re-imagining them to address the challenges of the green revolution.

That is:

Land use,

Movement and circulation,

Infrastructure and services,

Buildings and building materials,

Conservation and preservation

Food production (urban

agriculture)

Adaptive re-use

City Management and policies

Socio-economic issues

In addressing the above, it would be important to develop analytical tools for planning and design

standards as well as a common language that both professionals and the citizens (potential

market) understand. Key to this approach is the need for communicating the project green ideas

as part of the education campaign both for the new and especially so where older urban

environments are adapted to the new thinking.

Based on international precedence it is possible to adapt similar tools employed for the local

circumstances in developing guidelines the development objectives in the analysis, planning &

design, and construction principles of the proposed green city.

There are principles we can learn from Cities like Minnesota (USA), Melbourne (Australia), Canadian

and the London Docklands (UK) on how we can develop such tools.

The Minnesota and Melbourne experiences highlight a number of the strategies employed within the

traditional planning philosophy by looking at the familiar planning devices and re-imaging them in the

context of a green city approach.

Figure 4 – Elements of Future Cities

Figure 8 – Artist impression Eco Development

Figure 10 – Green architecture




1.2 LAND USE

1.3 Comprehensive Plans: Build public support and legal validity to long-term

infrastructural and regulatory strategy.

1.4 Efficient City Growth: Promote Financial and environmental sustainability by enabling and

encouraging walkable housing and commercial land use.

1.5 Mixed Uses: Develop efficient and healthy land patterns that generate community wealth.

1.6 Efficient Highway and Auto Oriented Development: Adopt commercial development and

design standards for auto oriented development corridors and clusters.

1.7 Conservation Design: Adopt development ordinances or processes that protect natural systems

and valued community assets.

2 TRANSPORTATION

2.1 Living Streets: Create a network of green complete streets that improves city quality of life

and adds value to surrounding properties.

2.2 Mobility Options: Promote active transportation and alternatives to single occupancy car travel.

2.3 Efficient City Fleets: Implement a city fleet investment, operations and maintenance plan.

2.4 Demand Side Travel Planning: Implement Travel Demand Management and Transit Oriented

Designing service of a more walkable city.

3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

3.1 Purchasing: Adopt environmentally preferable purchasing policies and practices.

3.2 Urban Forests: Add city tree and plant cover that increases community health, wealth and

quality of life.

3.3 Storm water Management: Minimize the volume of and pollutants in storm water runoff.

3.4 Parks and Trails: Support active lifestyles and property values by enhancing the city's green

infrastructure.

3.5 Surface Water Quality: Improve local water bodies.

3.6 Efficient Water and Wastewater Facilities: Assess and improve city drinking water and

wastewater facil ities.

3.7 Septic Systems: Implement an effective management program for decentralized wastewater

treatment systems.

3.8 Solid Waste Reduction: Increase waste reduction, reuse and recycling.

3.9 Local Air Quality: Prevent generation of local air contaminants.

4 ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Benchmarks & Community Engagement: Adopt outcome measures for city

sustainability efforts, and engage community members in ongoing education,

dialogue, and campaigns.

4.2 Green Business Development: Support expansion of the city's green business sector.

4.3 Renewable Energy: Remove barriers to and encourage installation of renewable energy

generation capacity.

4.4 Local Food: Strengthen local food and fiber production and access.

4.5 Business Synergies: Network/cluster businesses to achieve better energy, economic and

environmental outcomes.

http://greenstep.pca.state.mn.us/bestPracticesDetail.cfm?bpid=6


























5 BUILDINGS AND LIGHTING

5.1 Efficient Existing Public Buildings: Benchmark energy usage; identify savings opportunities

in consultation with state programs, utilities and others to implement cost-effective energy

and sustainability i m p r o v e m e n t s .

5.2 Efficient Existing Private Buildings: Provide incentives for energy, water and sustainability

improvements in existing structures.

5.3 New Green Buildings: Construct new buildings to meet or qualify under a green building

framework.

5.4 Efficient Outdoor Lighting and Signals: Improve the efficiency and quality of street lighting, traffic

signals and outdoor public lighting. By introducing Solar Street Lamps as one of the new

innovations, in alternative urban lighting.

5.5 Building Reuse: Create economic and regulatory incentives for redeveloping and repurposing

existing buildings before building new.

Figure 6 – Melbourne Planning and Design Principles Figure 7 – Ecological City (Website)

Figure 11 – Green Architecture









CITY OF TSHWANE CONTEXT

6.1 LOCATION OF GREEN CITY SITE

The Green City Development is located East of Pretoria CBD in Region 5 in terms of the regional structure of

the City of Tshwane. The planning environment is governed by a series of prevailing spatial planning policies

within the City of Tshwane. The spatial planning documents are as follows:

Integrated Development Plan (IDP)

Regional Spatial Development Framework

Spatial Development Framework

The Green City initiative is located on the west end of Tshwane Region 5 in a zone described as the urban

edge. This is characterized spatially by low density and urban sprawl, fragmentation and underutilization of

land. However it lies within the East/West mobility corridor but without the concomitant activities normally

associated with key economic activities in terms of land use intensity, high density residential development

and mix.

Significantly, the region has three main nodes: Cullinan, Refilwe and Rayton.

7.7 PROVINCIAL AND CITY OF TSHWANE TRENDS

The Provincial Vision envisions a compact city with the objective of arresting urban sprawl and intensifying

existing land-uses and infrastructure, protection of agricultural land for food security through a managed

urban growth strategy for a more sustainable outcome.

The Gauteng Provincial Government plans to deliver more than 800,000 housing units in the province. Out of

the provincial number of units, the City Of Tshwane plans to provide 180,875 new homes over a 5-year

period for the city residents.

A notable City Programme is the Tsosoloso Programme that is promoting and directing investments among

other initiatives, into town centers, neighborhood centers and intersection nodes.

SI

TE

Figure 12 – Proposed Green - Site Location

GREEN CITY SITE




THE DEVELOPMENT INFORMANTS

THE GREEN CITY – LAND AVAILABILITY

7.8 LAND ACQUISITION

The Green City Initiative has assembled approximately 1,800 ha of land for the proposed city development

of 100,000 residential units with all necessary supporting land uses, infrastructure and services. The map

below indicates the full extent of the land thus assemble so far.

The diagrams below illustrate the primary policies that

inform the green city development at Provincial and

City scales.

Figure 14 – Land Assembly Figure 14b – Land Parcels

Figure 14a Site Location

Glenway Ext 7

Bloemendal-Daleen

Leeuwfontein

Moraville

Bloemendal Por 427

Bloemendal

Gem Valley OM

LEGEND




Figure 14 – Development Informant – Provincial Level

Figure 13 – City Development - Informants

7.9 CITY OF TSHWANE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSES

In keeping with the TSHWANE MAYORS VISION FOR DELIVERY OF, 180 875, houses within the next 5 years, the

Tshwane Green City Development will achieve 100 000 of the targeted housing development, within the

development framework.




6 THE URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK.

The proposed Urban Design Development Framework (UDDF) covers the extent of the assembled land

parcels of 1,800ha in total. Based on the desired provision of 100,000 residential units, the framework will

establish the quantum of appropriate land uses that support and sustain the envisaged human settlement.

In view of the goals and objectives and the principles establish in the RSDF and the Tsosoloso Programme, it

would be imperative for the UDDF to assess the full potential of the site to maximize the development

possibility of the land without limiting itself to the target number of housing units stated above.

8.1 THE URBAN DESIGN PROCESS

The Urban Design process is premised on the following principles:

Innovation

People centered, (invest in people)

Ecologically driven (Eco-urbanism)

Sustainable

Responsive

Creation of spaces and places.

Figure 15 – Broad Management Process

The process will consists of a series of design driven workshops which after establishing a contextual

framework from site visits including the review of the RSDF and other developments, build a Vision and

framework through the integration of the professional teams’ work, interaction with the City and key

identified stakeholders.

It is proposed that the Urban Design of this project is undertaken in four stages that are integrated with the

professional teams work. These stages are the following:

Stage 1: Inception

Stage 2: Contextual

Framework(Sta

tus-Quo)

Stage 3: Vision

Development

Stage 4: Urban Design

Framework

Figure 16 – Team Structure

SUMMARY OF CURRENT STATUS ON THE LAND Gem Valley: - ROD approval to increase density to 15,000

Integrated Mixed units and 15,000 student beds to be logged. This land portion will form Phase 1 of the Green City Development which will run parallel with Feasibility of Micro Energy Grid. Approved Shopping Mall and Stadium will remain unchanged and as initially approved.

Old Mutual Glenway & Glenway Ext 7: - An investment of R200m by Old Mutual. Exploring a buy-out option on the property and increase density to 30,000 Integrated Mixed housing units

Leeuwfontein: - A 30,000 Integrated housing and its related infrastructure. A Township application and EIA to be done in line with envisaged density.

Moraville: - Supply of services to informal settlement and 5000 Retirement home estate

Daleen - Bloemendal - Rental stock of 10,000 and Green City eelated Instrastructure and extra 15,000 student beds, ROD to be changed for increased density

Bloemendal Jaco Smith: - Industries and Hotel and 2 sides petrol stations

It is important to recognize that the development of

the land at this scale will require a multi-disciplinary

team with various expertise and special skills. Below is

a generic structure illustrating the critical relationships

required for a successful urban development?




8.2 BROAD PLANNING AND DESIGN PROCESS

The figure below outlines the planning, design and approval processes for the various levels of interaction

with the City of Tshwane processes.

At all stages, all planning and design will align with the City of Tshwane requirements, directives and

applicable legislation and by-laws.

As a Green City initiative, the guidelines for the green development, infrastructure, services and building

rating as stipulated by the Green Star SA will form the basis upon which aspects of the scheme will be

evaluated.

In addition, the project envisages that new technologies and methodologies will be utilized to achieve the

Green City concept and at the same time non-applicable Green Star SA ratings are not going to be

considered.

The entire process will embrace experimentation with new ideas which will be collaborated and vetted

through the interaction and cooperation of the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), the Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and other relevant institutions and role players including precedent

case studies.

Figure 17 – Planning and Design Process




9 EXAMPLES OF WORLD GREEN CITIES

According to ECOWATCH, an environmental organization, the

world’s top ten green cities are listed here. Note that

Copenhagen tops the list.

9.1 POINT OF DEPARTURE (The Game Changer)

The Green Building Council of South Africa has developed tools under The Green Star South Africa, that

allow benchmarking for green building based on agreed standards and the rating systems utilized

elsewhere around the world. These include:

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) from United States of America

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), from the United

Kingdom

GREEN STAR, from Australia

With the Green Star SA tools, the examples of green cities above including the technologies that already

exist that have made green buildings and alternative energies a reality thus far, seems a logical starting

point for the planning and design of the Green City.

As stated earlier, the traditional Planning and Urban Design development structuring elements have now

gotten the green agenda to address and comply with.

The City of Tshwane recognizes that its major urban structuring elements are key to achieving the goals and

objectives of its 2055 Vision and related City Programs, anchored by the three tenets:

Liveability,

Inclusiveness and

Resilience.

Ten Top Green Cities

1. Copenhagen. Rated one of the world’s most liveable cities, the metropolis of nearly

two million people is known for advanced environmental policies and planning, with

its goal to be carbon-neutral by 2025 and Clean-tech Cluster of more than 500

companies. City infrastructure is designed to be conducive to bicycling and walking

rather than cars.

2. Amsterdam. Everyone rides bicycles in Amsterdam and has been doing it for

decades. It’s one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, due in part to its

compactness and flatness, as well as its bike infrastructure, including protected paths,

racks and parking. The city has more bicycles than people.

3. Stockholm. Stockholm was the EU’s first city to win the European Green Capital

Award. With coordinated environmental planning that began in the ’70s, ample green

space and a goal to be fossil fuel-free by 2050, it’s one of the cleanest cities in the

world.

4. Vancouver. Vancouver is densely populated and expensive but its moderate climate

makes it a highly desirable place to live. So does the fact that it’s the cleanest city in

Canada and one of the cleanest in the world.

5. London. One might night think of foggy London town as a green city but the town

has actively worked to leave its bleak, early Industrial Revolution image behind it,

reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating more green spaces.

6. Berlin. Coming in first on the European main continent, Berlin’s Environmental Zone in

its city core allows only vehicles that have a sticker indicating that it meets certain

emissions standards.

7. New York. New York is, perhaps surprisingly to some, the greenest large city in the U.S.

Its greenhouse gas emissions are low for a city its size and its population relies heavily on

its extensive public transportation system. The city itself has put in place a green

building initiative.

8. Singapore. After industrialization brought heavy pollution, Asia’s greenest city tackled

the problem head on, creating its first Singapore Green Plan in 1992 to tackle clean

water, clean air and clean land. It aims to have zero waste in landfills by the mid 21st

century.

9. Helsinki. Like many Scandinavian cities, Finland’s capital encourages bicycle use and

public transportation. The city has been working toward sustainability since the late ’50s

with energy efficiency programs and an aggressive Sustainability Action Plan adopted

in 1992.

10. Oslo. Norway’s capital rounds out the four Scandinavian cities in the top ten. The

city government has its Strategy for Sustainable Development which includes an

aggressive program to protect its natural surroundings. Its Green Belt Boundary protects

wild areas from development.

Copenhagen

London

Singapore

Amsterdam

Oslo

http://ecowatch.com/business/renewables/

http://ecowatch.com/business/transportation/

http://ecowatch.com/search/?q=new+york+city

http://ecowatch.com/business/green-building/

http://ecowatch.com/business/green-building/




These broadly suggest, for instance, that the ideas and trends established by developers of shopping malls

need to be reviewed; perhaps in favour of the tradition commercial and business centers or other models

that promote not only a rich mix of land uses, but also access to economic activity by small and medium

enterprises; all within walking distance as opposed to reliance on vehicular transportation.

In terms of infrastructure and services, the recent and on-going experiences with power outages and load

shedding has brought to the fore the need to seriously look and take alternative or renewable energy

sources. Predicted future water shortages have already prompted to re-evaluate the way SA utilizes it water

resources in the context of one of the driest countries in the world.

9.2 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

9.2.1 Planning and Design

Going green does not mean that there are no ‘side effects’. For instance, agriculture through over use of

natural resources can impose environmental and health costs on other sectors and interests.

In much the same way, while there are several advantages to densification, there are equally

disadvantages. Densification, on one hand:

Introduces efficiency and effectiveness in public transportation which reduces the need for private

vehicles;

Efficiencies in the cost of providing infrastructure and services.

On the other hand:

High densities have been associated with a range of problems such as overcrowding, infrastructure

overload, congestion, air pollution, noise pollution and severe health hazards.

As in natural systems, the planning and design solution will need to be carefully a balanced and integrated

approach to achieve sustainability. In this integrated approach, sustainability not is not limited to resources

sustainability (water, energy waste) but it also embraces the social and economic dimension which includes

income inequality, poverty, public health, food security and nutrition.

It is generally accepted that they are real benefits for sustainability. However the quantum of such benefits

needs to be tested and validated at the coal face. In other words we need to move from the realms of

theory to the tangible and practical realities. The question we must therefore confront is: Is it Doable?

The answer in part lies in the technologies and methods that are available that will be employed in this

development and their individual comparative advantage over conventional ones. Until such time we have

a development concept, it is impossible to establish real benefits.

9.2.2 Planning Requirements and Processes

One of the biggest challenges (potential bottle-necks) will be to obtain approvals from the various

government institutions and the City of Tshwane in terms of the ROD and Township establishment. Under

current regulations, no township can be established without availability of services (water, electricity and

sewerage systems).

The Green City Initiative proposes an independent system in the midst of the City of Tshwane with little or no

control by the City. It is a radical departure from conventional considerations in assessment of the

development scheme. A fundamental change of mindset from the City will be required in order for the

development to see the light of day. All other compliance issues are relatively minor.




10 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the delicate balance we aim to achieve for the Tshwane Green City is best summarized in

‘City States II – 2014’ document on sustainability below:

Figure 18 – The City Agenda




1. Introduction

In keeping with the main criteria essence of the Green City, investigation will be made into alternative building systems, materials and methods that are more environmentally friendly in that they maximise use of recycled waste materials, and have less carbon footprint and conserve water and energy use. Cognisance will be made of the requirements for Green Star rating by the Green Building Council of South Africa. Consideration will be made of the following:

Alternative building systems and materials

Alternative roofing systems coupling up with photovoltaic tiling system

Alternative Water Treatment and Grey water Re-use and Rainwater Harvesting

Alternative Road & Street construction

2.0 Alternative Systems and Materials With the global drive to become more efficient and energy saving buildings, very many innovative building solutions have been developed and in keeping with the modern developments the Tshwane Green City will embrace the more efficient environmentally friendly building systems and materials.

2.1 Precast Wall Panels

In keeping in line with the trend internationally, faster and stronger building systems are being utilized. The need to move away from conventional brick and mortar. By the way brick and mortar has been the construction method for many centuries!! The precast walling system is a very simple building technology utilizing very simple machines and save up to 30% of cement and improve insulation considerably. The system is used in many building construction projects internationally and is approved by CSIR (Agrement). The machines being small, movable and relatively cheap and can be deployed by small contractors who can manufacture the panels on sites without requiring large establishments. This is critical as the Tshwane Green City intends to empower its residents to fully participate in the development of the City.




2.2 Cellular Light Weight (Foam) Concrete Construction

Cellular Lightweight Concrete, also known as foamed concrete or cellular concrete, is not an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) product, it is conventional concrete with a wide range of densities, choice of aggregates and mix designs.

It is widely used in the manufacture of single skin lightweight concrete wall panels, floors, insulating roofing, employing tilt-up construction. This is an ideal situation for the manufacture of light commercial structures and factories as well as residential housing.

Low Cost Housing projects world over are generally very competitive, large in volume but low in margin for the developer. Cellular concrete can provide the competitive edge, since it is up to 40% cheaper compared with regular concrete, when used in bulk quantity. In most cases, on-site stack-casting of panels is employed, using ready mix trucks which are charged with flyash (or sand), cement and water before the foam is added. The trucks discharge the lightweight concrete directly into the molds. In certain parts of the world, cast-in-place (in situ casting) is preferred.

CLC is used for roofing and flooring applications extensively. A low density mix is chosen and the resulting air content gives the material excellent thermal insulation properties. The low density also has the advantage that it does not significantly add to the overall weight of the roof.

Foamed concrete has two benefits when it is used for roofing. The first benefit is that it provides a high degree of thermal insulation. The second benefit is that it can be used to lay a flat roof to falls, i.e. to provide a slope for drainage. Foamed concrete is also much lighter than slopes made from mortar screeds. This means that a roof with a slope made of foamed concrete imposes a lower loading on the structure of the building.




CLC can be produced and poured for floors and roofs on-site. In roofs it can be used because of very good insulation properties and it is comparatively lightweight. For floors CLC offers faster installation and a less expensive option because of the flowing and self-leveling properties.

A. Features:

Savings in Raw Material: The tremendous savings described when using CLC are manifold, continuing with substantial savings in raw material (no gravel required), in dead load of high-rise reducing by almost half. Considering that a substantial amount of steel is necessary only to carry the weight of the structure, steel requirement might reduce by hundreds of ton in high rise.

Considerably Lower Weight: CLC blocks bulk density is 300-1600 kg/m3. Weight reduction is obvious in transport, where almost

double of volume of building material can be produced, it has an impact on craning, where either larger panels can be taken, or the full capacity in span. Alternatively less re-location of the crane is necessary.

Thermal Insulation: Thermal Insulation increasingly turns to be the most important issue in the planning and construction of buildings. There are many costly ways of insulation on sandwich structure of a wall, adding the one or another rigid insulation material, with a satisfactory result by computation but not always a sound solution in safety, health or environment. The best solution is, to incorporate thermal insulation in the mix of a concrete, such offered in air-cured CLC.

Fire Protection: The air-embedded in the CLC is also instrumental for the high fire-rating. In 1200 kg/m³ density a 13-14 cm thick wall has a fire endurance of 5 hours. The same delay occurs with a 400 kg/m³ layer of CLC in only 10 cm thickness. CLC is otherwise non-combustible.

Sound Insulation: In impact sound it is superior to conventional concrete. Hitting a wall with a hammer, will let you feel the full force on the other side, whilst the air embedded in CLC will not allow the blow to pass through. At the most it will suffer a small dent and thereby prevent any greater damage.

Insulated Flooring: As the impact force will not transmit, slabs produced of CLC or topped with a layer of CLC floor screen will prevent any sound being noticed in the room below. Walls of CLC will also serve as sound retaining walls on roads or railway tracks therefore, absorbing the sound and preventing it from bouncing to the other side.

Economical Production: Using only flyash (or sand, stone powder), cement, water and foam, the cost for one m³ of CLC in most cases is less even than for the equivalent volume of conventional concrete, clay bricks, AAC blocks. Adding all the described highly appreciated benefits (comprising CLC) to regular concrete, if at all possible, the cost for such regular concrete would probably double but still not reach the overall quality of CLC.

Earthquake Resistant: Blocks are lighter than concrete & brick respectively. The lightness of the material increases resistance against earthquake as well as less chances of loss/damage to human lives.

Environment Friendly: Blocks products are manufactured with fly ash 100% recycled resource. As a building material, Our Cellular Lightweight Concrete products conserves fertile agricultural soil. It has a dramatic impact on emission of Green House Gases created during cement manufacturing.

Non toxic fumes in case of fire.

Highly accurate and smooth walls reduction in plastering.

Opt for any finish on walls: External plastering, tiling, cladding, internal tiling, dry lining, spray plaster or anything of your choice.

Faster construction and huge saving of labour: Faster construction directly relates to reduction in labour requirement.




B. Raw materials:

Fly ash or sand: Optimum properties are achieved when selecting the most suitable raw material (flyash, Cement). Preference: power-plant fly ash, sieved and with minimum 20% fines. Impurities in fly ash increases the demand for water and cement, without adding to the properties. It also increases shrinkage. A certain, small amount (20%) of fines contributes towards strength. As in conventional concrete, the fly ash should be free of organic material or other impurities.

Cement: Portland cement is preferred over other cements, such as pozzolan. For Early stripping and optimum mechanical properties, high- grade (early strength) cement is recommended.

Water: When used to produce foam, has to be potable and for best performance should not exceed 25°C. Under no circumstances must the foaming agent be brought in contact with any oil, fat, chemical or other material that might harm its function (Oil has an influence on the surface-tension of water). The oil/wax used in molds will not harm, since the foam by then will be embedded in mortar. Water to prepare the mix has to conform to general requirements for concrete.

Foaming Agent: The containers holding foaming agent must be kept air-tight and under temperatures not exceeding 25°C. This way the shelf-life is guaranteed for 24 months from date of Invoice.

C. CLC blocks technical data:

Dry density class A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A12 A14 A16

Dry density, kg/m

3

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600

Thermal conductivity, [W/(m·K)]

0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.27 - - -

Strength, MPa 0.3-0.7

0.5-1.0

0.8-1.2

1.0-1.5

1.5-3.0

2.0-4.0

3-6 5-10 6-15 10-20 15-30

Recommended usage of CLC based on density:

Density 300-600 kg/m³: This density is primarily applied for thermal insulation or fire protection. It uses only cement (or little flyash), water and foam and can easily be pumped. Foam generators allow the production of stiff foam for slopes to be applied on roof-tops. Density 700-800 kg/m³: Used for void-filling, such as an landscaping (above underground construction), to fill voids behind archways and refurbishing of damaged sewerage systems. It is also been used to produce building blocks. Density 900-1100 kg/m³: Mainly serves to produce blocks and other non-load bearing building elements such as balcony railings, partitions, parapets and fence walls etc. Density 1200-1400 kg/m³: Are the most commenly densities for prefab and cast in situ walls, load-bearing and non-load-bearing. It is also successfully used for floorscreeds (sound and insulation plus weight reduction). Density 1600-1800 kg/m³: would be recommended for slabs and other load-bearing building elements where higher strength is obligatory.




D. CLC (Foam concrete) blocks producing machines:

CLC blocks making machines are consisted of foaming mixer and high pressure conveying pump, and can produce CLC blocks of 300-1600kg/m3 density. This machine can be used for producing CLC blocks, wall panels, Floors, insulating roofing on-site.




Formwork Panels

Erecting Formwork Panels Removing Formwork Panel




Finished CLC Wall

Pouring CLC concrete for floor & Roof insulation CLC Blocks either cast in moulds or cut

Pouring CLC Concrete in Formwork




2.2 Alternative roofing systems coupling up with photovoltaic tiling system

Here the waste either municipal solid waste or industrial sludge or agricultural waste in reused to produce roofing tiles:

The manufacturing plant of these eco-roof tiles is very simple and one plant in the Tshwane Green City can cater for the needs of the entire development and create sustainable employment for the residents.

2.3.3 Building Integrated PV Roof Tiles The Gauteng Province is proposing to have all government buildings to have roof mounted photovoltaic installed on them in a drive to increase generation capacity. We are proposing the more innovative way of incorporating the Photo Voltaic panels onto the eco-roof tiles.

The entire roof will be changed to be covered by a system of Building Integrated Photo Voltaic (BIPV) slates. The slates look like indicates below.

Size: 1068X435X31mm Effective Size: 1020x375mm Weight: 12.0±0.25kg/unit including cable, junction box and coupler plug (50 Watts, 2.61 units/sq.m)




The roof will look like this but with the BIPV slates covering the entire roof:

It is aesthetically very pleasing in appearance. Above is a roof with slate roof but with 4 rows of slates being BIPV!! It is difficult to notice the difference!!

Comparing the BIPV roof with ordinary panel roofs below you can see the difference!!




3.0 Alternative Water Treatment and Grey water Re-use and Rainwater Harvesting

South Africa is currently facing a number of inter-related water crises, any one of which is a potential show stopper, but all which can be managed if proper steps are taken right now. These include:

Mismatch between water supply and water demand

Theft and misuse of the limited water resources

Decaying infrastructure, resulting in major water leakage losses that are not even noticed

Deteriorating water quality due to rampart unchecked pollution and sewage seepage into underground water systems

Loss of essential skills

Sewage volumes exceeding treatment capacity

Lack of proper maintenance of existing systems

In the Tshwane Green City, we propose to have:

Rain water harvesting systems both for rain water harvesting run off from buildings into tanks

Storm water harvesting into in-ground tanks

Collecting of grey water used in washing and bathing to underground tanks for irrigation

Anaerobic bio-digesters for sewage sludge which produce biogas or cooking, nutrient rich water or irrigation and solid

fertilizer.

In larger volumes use of the modern bioreactor membrane water treatment plants will treat water to produce sludge for

fertilizer and water for irrigation, flushing and general washing!

In her recent speech the Minister of Water Resources lamented that although South Africa is one of the 30 countries with serious water crises, we still use potable drinking water to flush our shit down the toilets!!! DO WE NEED ROCKET SCIENCE TO STOP THIS SENSELESSNESS!!

4.0 Alternative Road & Street construction The conventional construction methods employed or roads construction is very wasteful since it involves massive top soil removal

and trucking away, causing great environmental disruption and burning of polluting diesel. The modern method of using a suitable polymer tested for action on the specific soil conditions produces a hard core working on the soil in situ without need to remove and cart away the soil. Basically this is a modern technology for constructing cost-effective, strong and durable all-weather roads, with short time-to-market, using on-site soil.




POLYMER ENZYME ROAD CONSTRUCTION

PROCESS EXAMPLES OF PROJECTS




1. DESIGN OF ALTERNATIVE PREFABRICATED MATERIALS – ECO PANELLING ECO CRETE PANELS: Panelised units would provide a fast efficient method of building, which would be produced in a specific sized and per the design of each single storey dwelling. Benefits: 4 day process of erection Panels produced with plumbing and wiring db boards fitted at source. Butterfly systems of interlocking Interlocking into a concrete slab, by pre pouring with recesses in the slab, where the ECO PANEL fits into the channel of these concrete slab. Employment opportunities in the production units (warehouses) would be sustainable, as once the phases of the Gem Valley Project are completed, the production units would continue as a business opportunity for the foreseeable future, as these PANELS would be continued to be manufactured for other developments.

ECO BLOCK FIG7




ALTERNATIVE INNOVATIVE SMART GRID AND SMART METERING INFRASTRUCTURE

2. Introduction

Having a City with its own Microgrid (totally independent of the Eskom Power Grid) and in line with the global trend- the Microgrid is to be powered by renewable energy. Renewable energy being much more expensive than the conventional highly polluting coal power stations, it is necessary to ensure that efficient green building systems and energy- and water-saving technologies and measures are embraced and smart metering and smart grid systems. These coupled with innovative waste management & waste-to-energy technologies, and rain water harvesting/ grey water re-use result in an efficient modern green city. Hence the Project embracing the Title: The Tshwane Green City Smart Microgrid. 3. What is a Microgrid?

“A smart grid is a utility grid that uses information & communication technology to gather & act on this information about the behaviours of both suppliers & consumers in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics & sustainability of the production & distribution of such utilities.” Source: Wikipedia

4. The Tshwane Green City Smart Microgrid & Smart City-How can it assist in addressing the needs and challenges: Green technology and

alternative ways of doing things?

The City of Tshwane is just now still reeling from the botched tender for smart meter rollout project where it lost millions of Rand. Nevertheless it is utterly essential that the City embraces the Smart Metering and Smart Grid Technology to ensure sustainability especially in the face of ever-diminishing generation capacity and rising costs of electricity, water and gas. The more the costs rise the more there will be tendency to steal these valuable resources and the more leakages will have an impact! This is seriously exacerbated by the general entitlement attitude for free services among the people. A mind-set that has to be changed. In this consortium we are offering a fully-fledged tried and tested Smart Metering & Smart Grid Technology, which we intend to implement in the Tshwane Green City as initial pilot to be rolled out in the whole of Tshwane Metropolitan area of jurisdiction on an agreed BOOT arrangement.

A Microgrid

is an

autonomous

power

generation

and

distribution

system

feeding one

client or

community

within the

vicinity of

the power

generation

plant. This

would have

the

complete

value chain:

that is power

generation,

distribution,

grid

manageme

nt and

protection

and

metering. To

ensure

reliability

and security

of service,

the

Microgrid

will have a

combinatio

n of several

types of

power

generation

technologie

s working

together as

a Hybrid

system and

managed

by highly

automated,

and

sophisticate




The Smart Grid & Smart Metering Technology will offer the following: Customer Contract Management: Based on the well-known KYC (Know Your Customer) approach, all relevant data required for day-to-day management, as well as information required or future planning purposes are collected and updated regularly. Some of the features will include:

Wireless bidirectional communication

Billing Integration

Bulk Reconciliation

Appliance Control, both local and remote

National Network Foot print Operational functionality enables:

- Pre-Paid or Post-Paid

- Contract Tariff Block

- Debt Recovery - allowing the customer to pay a debt on a prepaid basis but over a long period

- Free Basic Service Management & Measurement

- Indigent Management

- Medical Equipment Dependency (Demand Management)

Power Outage Management: Power outage information is detected and recorded at meter level. A maintenance ticket is created and tracked. The duration, cause and remedy recorded. Pre-paid and Vending Management: Large scale vending is negated in that the consumer is able to pay money onto the meter from a bank account or credit card of choice. The USSD transaction is simple, financial services industry compliant, has a complete audit trail with required authorisations and is secure. A consumer that elects to transact using cash may do so at an approved vendor. Audit Trail Log Management: A complete audit trail is maintained for all transactions, updates, changes and registrations made on the system. The audit trail identifies the terminal (PC), Time and User that made the changes- enforcing accountability. Metering (Water, Electricity, Hot Water & Gas): Metered data is uploaded within the Smart Meter Technology System on an hourly basis. Depending on meter functionality, this data also contains salient power quality information. All data is TOU (Time of Use) based. The consumer may view TOU consumption data via a Web-based Service, IHD (In-House-Display) or obtain data via mobile technology. The Screen will look like shown below:




GIS Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Information: Customer Contract data is collected upon receipt of a new meter and updated by the customer annually (or as often as is required) according to the customer contract. Data includes:

- Skills

- Employment status

- Dependants

- Medical dependency information

Or any other data that the City may require. This data is viewed via Web-Based Service in a GIS Format (each Consumer having GPS coordinates) Power Quality Management: High level power quality measurement information is provided as power quality alarms or:

- Voltage swells & spikes

- Voltage & current levels

- Power outages etc

These events may be analyzed using statistical metering or SCADA equipment.

Meter and Modem Management: Meters, modems, concentrators, IHDs and APC devices are monitored continuously and the status reflected on screens within the operation centre. Problem resolution is achieved via a maintenance ticket and tracked. TOU (Billing) Management: The billing data for post-paid (Credit) consumers is kept up-to-date during the billing month. Trial analysis of billing data may be done by extracting billing data to Excel. This is done by clicking the Excel button on the Screen. All the billing data is TOU compliant. The customer statement can now show hourly consumption, at a tariff or the month. Alarm Event Management: The Smart Meter System provides a host of events that may be measured and tracked. These events vary between Tamper Detection, Voltage Swells, and Harmonics. An all cases when a deviation is detected, an alarm will be initiated in the control centre and an incident ticket will be raised and tracked. Proposed Green City Smart Microgrid & Smart City will have the following advantages:

Will be based on ultra-modern technology, normally attached to university/research institutions (TUT)

Designed in accordance with the customer needs

Provide intelligent metering for electricity, water, hot water & gas.

Communication between Local Authority and Client by sms, email or on smart meter.

Use smart ICT technology for metering and intelligent energy management.

Time-related hourly reports on monitoring and metering.

City Of Tshwane to have share and participation

Social and economic benefit to the City by job creation

5. Smart Metering and Smart Grid Trends in the country




In the whole country Metros and Municipalities are struggling with billions of services debt of unpaid bills or electricity and water. This in turn results in poor infrastructure maintenance and upgrading resulting in more losses due to leakages. This is made worse by the entitlement attitude of the citizens, resulting in non-payment and even the numerous illegal connections. And, worse still, the large proportion of electricity theft is not via the dangerous illegal connections found in the townships (powering a couple of lights, fridge and television). It is in rich suburbs and unscrupulous business who use professional registered electricians to provide illegal connections with Certificates of Compliance (allowing payments for lighting but by-passing the larger heavy current appliances and machinery) All municipalities and metros are installing pre-paid meters in an attempt to stem tis problem. The City of Johannesburg has begun installing Smart Meters, but more is needed then just Smart Meters!! What is needed is making the entire services provision value chain smart! HENCE THE TSHWANE GREEN CITY ENBRACING THE SMART METERING & SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY.

THE INTENTION OF THE SFT GROUP IS TO TAKE THE SMART CONCEPT MUCH FURTHER- TO DEVELOP THE TSHWANE GREEN CITY INTO A SMART CITY!! THIS IS DIAGRAMATICALLY PORTRAYED IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW:

6. Impact (e.g. social, employment, skills and economic) on the City and the Green City




The whole idea of the Smart Metering & Smart Microgrid is a totally new innovative technology. It will change the mid-set of the Tshwane Green City Residents. By providing continuous Time-of-Use information to the consumer complete with interactive control and two way communication with The City, the residents will educated about their use, responsibility and this is the first step to developing accountability and mind-set change towards payment of their bills. The Smart Metering, Smart Grid will require support services like call centre, personnel to ensure prompt response to alerts etc, which will create employment. In addition, instilling the payment culture in the residents will improve revenue collection, efficient use of energy which in itself will create a sustainable viable and reliable microgrid and improve business sustainability and stimulate economic growth. It will definitely have a strong socio-economic impact on the city and instil in the minds of the residents a sense of belonging and ownership of the Smart Metering & Smart Grid. This definitely be a win-win situation for bothe the City of Tshwane and the residents of the Tshwane Green City- The essence of a sustainable community!

6.1 Technology Partners (International)

The technology partners are CUTEC of Germany, who have committed to SFT Group with an LOI and a confirmed quotation for the feasibility study for the Renewable Energy Hybrid power generation and the Microgrid. This arrangement will flow over into the Smart Metering & Smart Grid as they are part and parcel of the complete Smart Green City.

7. Involvement with the City

7.1 Support from the City- Interface with the City of Tshwane SAP Financial System- In order for the Smart Metering and Smart

Microgrid of the Tshwane Green City to be sustainable, it will have to be able to interface with the City of Tshwane SAP Financial

Payment and Management System. This will require extensive interaction and cooperation with the relevant technical

personnel of The City of Tshwane to ensure a seamless interface and operation of the smart technologies.

7.2 Streamlining of Processes and bottlenecks- Cooperation from the City to streamline internal approval processes and remove

bottlenecks

7.3 Service Level Agreement and partnering with the City of Tshwane- The roll-out of this system will be in partnership with the City of

Tshwane hence stringent service level and partnering agreements with profit sharing will be put in place. It is the intention of

the SFT Group that once this system is in operation in the Tshwane Green City that it is rolled out to the rest of the City of

Tshwane Metro jurisdiction area on a BOOT basis, without incurring the City any cost!

7.4 Innovation Technology Overseers

The City of Tshwane have signed an MOU with Tshwane University of Technology to partner in spearheading all innovative technologies to ensure that they are technically sound before being adopted by the City. They will be responsible to ensure that all the innovative technologies are compliant with both the statutory and international norms. Secondly they will be part and parcel of the system development and indeed some of the electronic components of the system will be developed with input from TUT.

8. Project funding

SFT Group has secured 4$ Billion for the Tshwane Green City and a portion of the money shall be utilized for the development and implementation of the Smart Metering & Smart Microgrid.

9. Linkages with other Game Changers

The Smart Metering & Smart Microgrid will be an integral part of the Total Smart Green City which will embrace space age technology in payment, security, telephony, internet systems that are fully integrated and converged. Definitely The Tshwane Green City will be a Smart City to where smart people will gravitate for smart living!!!




1. INTRODUCTION

City of Tshwane integrated Waste Management Plan 2014 refers to a number of goals that would need to be concluded by 2055. This project plan outlines our contribution to achieving these goals. IWMP 2055 Reference to a published report “City Of Tshwane Integrated Waste Management Plan” the aim & vision of this project is to align Recycle 4 Africa Pty Ltd & SFT, new technology & turnkey waste management equipment to provide a comprehensive solution to assist the City of Tshwane to meet the aims of the IWMP 2055. LEGAL MATTERS: APPOINTMENTS OF JOINT VENTURE PARTNERS AS WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE PROVIDER TO TSHWANE GREEN CITY: Appointment SFT (South Africa) as the WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE PROVIDERS by City of Tshwane Dept of Environmental Affairs will allow the JV partners to place the Mobile Waste Management Unit at key areas of Hatherly Land fill site.

SOLUTIONS : SFT, will provide a complete solution to the eradication of BULK WASTE AT HATHERLY LANDFILL SITE, this task will be achieved by the use of a unique technology designed for the express outcome of WASTE MINIMISATION FROM ALL WASTE LAND FILL SITES. Through the development of a new technology which combines a mechanical process; chemicals and cementations products, and processing Land fill waste, we are able to turn the waste into ECO BLOC’s, ECO Pavers, Curbing Stones and a plethora of other products. Through the use of a MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT. (MWMU)

2. MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT: The mechanical process used is via a MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT, the equipment allows for the following processes to take place, with one machine.

a. Classifies reusable waste materials (manually sorted on the unit) b. Pre Processes the reusable waste via a mechanical process vis glass is crushed into cullet, and then bagged,

for later transport to the waste classification center based at the land fill site c. Contaminated waste (all descriptions plastic, paper, cardboard etc) is milled, heated, mixed with

chemicals/cement products to produce ECO BLOC’s, ECO PAVERS, curbing stones etc. d. This process completely eliminates any and all waste, and produces a product reusable within the

construction industry, i.e block for use in building of homes and developments i.e Tshwane Green City e. Municipal Structures (City of Tshwane Department of Waste Management) are rewarded with a 20% of sale

of all off takes i.e. eco blocs etc f. Reduction in land fill site g. Eradication of land fill site

MWMU – Specifications are as follows:

Waste delivered to the hoppers by use of a tipper truck and TLB, tipped into the main hopper

Waste sorted by pickers on a conveyer system

Waste which cannot be salvaged sent to the next conveyer

Grinding process occurs

Heat Process occurs – kills bactaria

Mixing with chemicals and cementations – coats the waste particles in a polymer




Poured from the rear of the MWMU, as ECO CRETE which hardens into moulds (pavers/blocs etc) which are

uplifted by the forklift, and sent to the pre-defined warehouse facility at the Land Fill Site, for drying and

curing.

Eco Bloc ready for delivery within three days.

Testing of each batch run of 10 tons ensure the product keeps its form and mpa ratings.

Benefits of the MWMU TO TSHWANE GREEN CITY PROJECT:

Reduction of waste from land fill sites

Zero to Landfill

Waste Classification

Continued income stream for the municipal Waste Management Department

The machine needs a relatively small area of working space, to produce product

The waste water from settlement tanks on site, can be used as the mixing agent

MWMU is built to last for many years, and mechanically is powered by a generator

MWMU is mobile, and can be driven to each land fill site, once the land fill site has been eradicated

FIG 1 MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT PROCESS FLOW

IMPLIMENTATION OF THE MWMU: Phase I

A. Assessment of the HATHERLY LAND Fill SITE: TERRAIN SIZE Assessment Report will be essential in determining the LAYERS of waste presently at the HEATHERLY LAND FILL SITE, cost to Project R4A will determine these outcomes, together with classifications of LANDFILL COMPONENTS.as the site has been in existence for a period of 20 years, and the volumes B: OUTCOMES OF ASSESSMENT REPORT: Upon completion of the ASSESSMENT REPORT tonnages can then be determined and outcomes of expected quantities of ECO BLOC’S/PAVERS can be assessed, off takes for use in road paving, as well as fabrication of storm water drainage pipe, derived from ECO CRETE, produced by the Mobile Waste Management Units. Period: 2 weeks site assessment




Phase II: Site establishment at Hatherly Land Fill site:

Office Set up

Waste Classification processing center

Mechanical work shop

Security fencing

Concrete Slab 1000 x 1000Lx 100mm Thickness for drying ECO BLOCKS Period of setup: 8 weeks Site Establishment Mobile Waste Management Unit – 8 weeks for delivery to site Delivery of the Mobile Unit – 2 weeks for logistical transport

Supply of Mobile Waste Management Units: MWMU The Joint Venture Partners will provide 6 x Mobile Waste Management Units (MWMU) to Hatherly Land File Site. The existing Land fill materials will be processed through the MWMU units converting contaminated waste to ECO BLOCS/ PAVERS for resale as a buy back offtake.

B. Employment Opportunities: For existing Pickers (waste land fill site unemployed who sort through waste to salvage

any products for recycling) These pickers will be trained as the sorters of waste for classification on the MWMU’s.

C. Waste Classification Station: To be positioned close to the main gates of the HATHERLY LAND FILL SITE where

processing of PLASTIC/GLASS/METALS/CARDBOARD/PAPER will be sold onto AGENTS under an offtake agreement with

the CITY OF TSWHANE.

Land fill sites generally have a 80% contaminated component of paper/plastic/cardboard/organic matter. i. Benefits: Freeing up LAND FILL SITE and reducing/eliminating the waste water run off into existing water courses, and

river catchment areas.

ii. Contaminated water captured at the Landfill Sites in leaching tanks, is treated and converted black to grey water and

utilised in the production of the ECO PAVER ONLY. (HEALTH RISK ON THE ECO BLOC HAS BEEN TAKEN INTO

CONSIDERATION)

D. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT: ECO PAVERS/ECO BLOCS: Utilised in construction of supporting embankments, retaining walls, paving and road construction.

E. OUTCOMES OF THE PROJECT: ZERO TO LAND FILL

ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF THE CITY OF TSHWANE 2055 VISION

20% OF THE EQUIPMENT IS COVERED BY THE PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THE MWMU, BENEFITS THE CITY OF TSHWANE DIRECTLY




ECO BLOCKS PRODUCED FROM WASTE MATERIALS AT LAND FILL SITE IN KWAZULU NATAL

PICKERS AT LAND FILL SITES

Fig 2 FIG 2 HATHERLY LAND FILL SITE – PICKERS COLLECTING RECYCLABLE WASTE MATERIALS

OTHER PROJECT WHERE THE MWMU HAS BEEN UTILISED:

MZUZU EXECUTIVE COUNCIL – EIA ON INTEGRATING ECO BLOCK PRODUCTION AT LOCAL MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SITES IN MZUZU MALAWI

PORT EDWARD WARD ONE

EASTERN CAPE – SEAVIEW

BREAMA – KWAZULU NATAL

COMPANIES PRESENTLY PURCHASING THE ECO BLOC:

BOXER HARDWARE

MNANDI CHIXS FOR USE IN CHICKEN HOCKS

HOG HEAVAN PIGGERY FOR USE IN PIG STYE DEVELOPMENT FAR HORIZON LODGE ADDITIONAL ALTERATIONS DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING




3. REHABILITITION OF BUILDING RUBBLE: FIXED MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT HATHERLY AS PER AVERAGE TONNAGES BROUGHT TO THE LANDFILL SITES Percentage disposal of building rubble at various sites

LANDFILL SITE

YE

AR

OP

EN

LIF

E T

IME

AV

ER

AG

E

TO

NN

AG

E P

ER

MO

NT

H

BU

ILD

ING

%

GA

RD

EN

%

HO

US

E-H

OL

D

%

IND

US

TR

IAL

%

Kwaggasrand 1965 Closed 55 000 10 20 60 10

Valhalla 1964 Closed 0 10 20 60 10

Garstkloof 1980 Closed 30 000 38 60 1 1

Derdepoort 1995 Closed 0 30 60 5 5

Onderstepoort 1996 Less than 2 years 85 000 10 20 70 10

Hatherley 1998 20 years 50 000 10 20 60 10

Ga-Rankuwa 1996 10 to 15 years 14 000 10 10 60 20

Soshanguve 1990 10 to 15 years 17 000 5 10 80 5

Temba 1993 Closed 8 000 10 10 70 10

FIG.2 FIXED WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT (FOR DESCRIPTION PURPOSES)




4. FIXED WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT: (FWMU)

The fixed waste management unit is a 3 stage processing plant, comprising the following: Integrated system Control Unit:

Crushing,

Pulverising,

Screening processing,

Granular product produced is mixed with catalyst and cement products to produce, ECO CRETE.

Rebar is sifted and sorted from the rubble prior to commencement of the crushing Processing 20 tonnes per hour of building rubble. FIXED WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT - PROCESSES Crusher process Pulveriser process Screening Plant BATCH MIXING PLANT Mixers for the production of ECO CRETE Catalyst & cementation Chambers Moulds – various for offtake of ECO CRETE this material can be moulded into a variety of different products for use in many areas of construction. ROAD CONSTRUCTION AREAS:

CURBING

ECO BLOC (POLLY BLOCK)

ECO PAVERS

DRIVEWAY INTERLOCKING BLOCK

CULVETS The aggregate that the WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT’S produces is a slurry, and therefore is suitable for a variety of different uses, the mould will determine the product process.

5. COST OF EQUIPMENT

COST OF THE FIXED WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT = R7M COST OF THE PROJECT OVER A PERIOD OF 3 YEARS, = APPROX COST R22M REDUCE THE LANDFILL SITE BY 80% within 3 years

BENEFITS: ERADICATION OF LAND FILL SITE ONGOING CLASSIFICATION CENTER OPERATIONS ECO BLOC/ECO PAVER /CLASSIFIED WASTE AS A BUY BACK TO OFFSET COST OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN UP LAND RECLAIMATION LAND PER HECT RESALE




6. PERMISSIONS TO OPERATE AT LANDFILL SITE:

Assessment of existing employees on land fill sites, would be assessed as suitable candidates within this project. Therefore not impacting on local economies who rely on waste recycling, sorting and collection as an income. The project would provide for upskilling and training, of existing local employees, who reside within the boundaries of the Land Fill Sites. Permissions to operate Hatherly as Waste Management Company:

BLOCK MANUFACTURING PERMIT (ASSOCIATION OF BLOCK MANUFACTURERS RSA)

WASTE MANAGEMENT PERMIT

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PERMIT WASTE RECEPTACLES BUILT INTO THE DESIGN OF THE DWELLING Waste from homes would be classified at source, by designing kitchens with the facilities of sorting of waste within the main dwelling, residents are encouraged to recycle at least 90% of the waste from kitchens. Once bags are full, householder takes the colour coded bags down the passage to the WASTE DISPOSAL SECTION, (where bags are placed into a receptacle shute which allows for the materials to fall from any level down the shute into the skip situated on the exterior of the building. Receptacle shutes would be designed into the building allowing the residence on each floor the shute runs the entire length of the building in a central well, possibly next to the lift shaft. This waste is then ready for collection by GEM VALLEY WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY, for transportation to the WASTE CLASSIFICATION CENTERS within the Gem City Project.

5. COLLECTION POINTS: The waste collected from each dwelling’s receptacle, (and as the receptacles are closed systems there is no smell) reduces the smells omitted from bacterial . Organic Waste Disposal: Kitchens would have to be retrofitted with a waste grinder in the well of the sink, this would reduce the waste to a pulp, allowing for flow into the underground bio digester system. Organic waste would be piped into the UNDEGROUND BIO DIGESTER, of each dwelling, therefore producing METHANE for heating. LEGISLATION OF HOME OWNERS: When purchasing or renting a property within the GEM VALLEY project, there should be a section in the sale/rental agreement which indicates the provision of recycling at source. Fines for non-compliance, against owners.

FIG5 TYPICAL WASTE DISPOSAL RECEPTACLE ON ALL STREETS OF THE GEM VALLEY PROJECT. CLASSIFICATIONS, GLASS, PAPER, CARDBOARD, TIN, BEVERAGE, ETC

ETC




7. GENERAL INFORMATION: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES: WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS

DESCRIPTION OF EMPLOYMENT SKILLED SEMI SKILLED

SORTERS/PICKERS - 6

OPERATORS 5

MECHANICAL ASSISTANCE 1 1

DRIVERS 2

FORMAN 4

LABORATORY ASSISTANTS 2

ADMINISTRATION 4

GENERAL LABOUR 12 12

WASTE CLASSIFICATION FACILITY

DESCRIPTION OF EMPLOYMENT SKILLED SEMI SKILLED

SORTERS/PICKERS - 12

OPERATORS 1

MECHANICAL ASSISTANCE 1 1

DRIVERS 4

FORMAN 2

ADMINISTRATION 4

GENERAL LABOUR 0 12

8. JOB CREATION OVER PERIOD OF ONE YEAR SKILLED = 12 PERMENANT POSITIONS SEMI SKILLED = 44 SEMI PERMENANT POSITIONS UNSKILLED = 94 UNSKILLED DEVELOPED TO SEMI SKILLED THROUGH TRAINING TOTAL EMPLOYMENT CREATED = 150

9. BENEFITS OF THIS PROJECT: CITY OF TSHWANE 2055

Reduction of landfill sites

Generation of 500 000 ECO BLOCKS FOR USE IN THE TSHWANE GREEN CITY PROJECT FROM HATHERLY LAND FILL SITE

Employment creation at source

Development of local smme’s

Development of local logistics companies Micro Enterprises for moving of finished product

Training Facility on site to further provide practical experience for Environmental Students

Facility for young waste management engineers to gain experience in the field of Waste Management




10. FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE MWMU’S RUNNING COSTS

COSTS OF MOBILE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT = R3M Excludes: SLA agreement for the duration of 3 years.R1.87 million each year of production. Classification & Center operations (Awaiting assessment of Landfill site infrastructure) COST OF THE FIXED WASTE MANAGEMENT UNIT =R8.7M Excludes: SLA agreement for the duration of 3 years.R1.87 million each year of production. Classification & Center operations (Awaiting assessment of Landfill site infrastructure) OFFTAKES ON EACH ECO BLOC WOULD AMOUNT TO RETURN TO THE MUNICIPAL STRUCTURES OF R2.00 IN EACH BLOC

EXPECTED OUTPUT DURING THE PERIOD OF 1 YEAR: 2500 ECO BLOCS OUTPUT PER DAY X 20 WORKING DAYS (AT 12 HOUR SHIFTS) X 12 MONTHS = 600 000 ECO BLOCS @ R6.00 = R3.6M income over a period of one year, from each MWMU. BENEFIT OF OFFTAKE BACK TO THE GREEN CITY PROJECT = R2.00 X 600 000 = R1 200 000.00 EFECTIVELY PAYING FOR THE SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT AND AGGREGATE RECEIPT REQUIRED TO PRODUCE THE ECO BLOC’S.

11. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ECO BLOC: SABS APPROVALS M6 TYPE HOLLOW BLOCK PENDING DUE FOR RESULTS BY SEPTEMBER 2015 MPA RATINGS BY INDEPENANT CONTRACTORS IS 6 MPA RESULTS OTHER PRODUCTS PRODUCED FROM ECO CRETE:

PAVERS

M9 ECO BLOCS

M10 ECO BLOCS

M4 ECO BLOCS

ECO SLABS LIGHT WEIGHT

STEPPING STONES

DRIVEWAYS

CONCRETE PATHWAYS

DECALS

CURBING STONES




PHASE II

1. Design of Dwellings & Infrastructure:

The design phase of this project will be crucial to the positive outcomes of the Gem Valley ethos of providing a GREEN CITY PROJECT which is self-sustaining in all areas of POWER GENERATION, WASTE MANAGEMENT, BULK WATER DELIVERY, WASTE WATER TREATMENT & ALTERNATIVE ENERGY GENERATION. Design and planning of the Gem Valley project will be a key area for all stake holders, to be actively involved in. Providing feedback and on their areas of expertise and new technology methodologies and practices. Key areas of concern with this project, will be to ensure the new technologies applied to the Gem Valley Project will have to backed with guarantees and service level agreement contracts for minimum and maximum periods. This will ensure sustainability of the project.

2. PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE PHASES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Construction Phase of the Gem Valley Project: SCREENING & PROCESSING PLANT (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS) Screening & Processing Plant is a stationary unit providing a facility to pulverise building materials into aggregate for use in construction of roads, and other concrete products. ECO CRETE (derived from CONSTRUCTION/BUILDING RUBBLE) will be produced by encouraging developers, external construction companies, block yards, construction sites, to deliver their offtakes to Gem Valley (presently it is sent to land fill sites) screening & processing Plant. The rubble will be screened & processed and converted into ECO CRETE, for use in road construction, concrete storm water drain pipes, road curbing, etc. Risk: This screening plant should be located close to Gem Valley or alternatively at Hatherly Land Fill site, as by the nature of the screening there are particle emissions from dust as the process of crushing and screening occur. All rubble and waste from Gem Valley will be processed at the same site.. Benefits: Reduction in costs of manufacture of concrete products, as well as rehabilitation of existing land fill site. Upon completion of the Gem Valley Project, the SCREENING PLANT (if located at Hatherly) will continue to provide employment for residence of the Gem Valley Project, and local residence located close to the land fill site. Land Fill rehabilitation: (areas of Land Fill site where waste has been eliminated) The Project Owners should encourage local community co-operatives to rehabilitate land fill areas, by encouraging agricultural activities such as FLOWER PRODUCTION, HEMP PRODUCTION, or any other agricultural cash crop which does not entail growing crops for human consumption.




Phase III:

3. GREEN DWELLING CONSTRUCTION METHODS IN PHASE OF CONSTRUCTION OF GEM VALLEY

Water Reduction Methods in construction of Toilets: Due by enlarge to Global Warming water presently and in the near future will become one of our most valuable resources. By changing our methods of construction of dwellings, and developing and embracing new technology this project can reduce RESIDENCE & INDUSTRIES impact on water consumption. Water reduction methods, such as implementation of WATERLESS LOO’S, SEPERATOR TRAPS, UNDERGROUND BIODIGESTER UNITS, (NO BATHS) SHOWERS ONLY, WATER PURIFICATION UNITS, ECO TAPs will reduce the quantity of water used within the GEM VALLEY collectively. WATERLESS LOO’S: There is technology available which allows human waste to be converted into BIO FUEL and BIO ENERGY, by designing homes with built in waterless loo systems, which feed into underground BIO DIGESTERS which produce METHANE GAS. The METHANE GAS is suitable to be piped back into the homes, for use in heating water and in cooking in the homes. This technology although more expensive then electricity & LPG gas will provide a GREEN SOLUTION and reduce Green House emission, therefore helping the environment.

WASTE SEPARATOR TRAPS: Solid Waste from bathrooms & kitchens, provide a method of separating solid food stuffs from waste water, by directing the waste water and solid foods stuffs, into two different underground reservoirs. Waste Water reservoir will be treated with Effective Microorganisms which will convert the water from BLACK WATER into GREY WATER, for use in the family gardens and lawns.

ECO TAPS: Fitted with ECO TAPS on all outlets from basins, showers and sinks. These taps are designed to reduce the flow of water, and have sensors which turn the water off after a certain period of time, in the event of the tap being left on.




BIO DIGESTERS: (Dwelling) Human Waste is naturally occurring product from households within Gem Valley, and is a source of naturally occurring BIOFUEL, in the form of METHANE. By designing the homes with a BIO DIGESTER incorporated into the plans, as an underground unit, the need for a percentage of heating of water & cooking, is reduced. This system would be utilized within a parallel of natural gas, and solar power. Central heating would be a direct benefit to home owners, as the home would be fitted with piping (during the construction phase) to provide a conduit for heated water to be piped around the home, during the winter periods.

Specifications of the

T-Range household Biodigesters

The 'T' range Biodigester is a 'Total Aeration' sewage / waste water treatment plant manufactured in glassfibre (GRP) for simple

underground installation. A small air blower is used to provide a supply of air so that naturally occurring micro-organisms grow

and degrade the waste water including solids. The final effluent produced is a clear odourless liquid suitable for discharge into a

watercourse or a system of soakaway trenches.

The 'T' range Biodigester has the significant advantage of continuous recirculation without any underground moving parts. No

septic sludge is stored and as a result the Biodigester product has a unique 'Odour Free' operation guarantee. A Biodigester

treatment plant provides the modern environmentally friendly alternative to malodorous septic tanks and cesspools. The

substantial retained volume of 'T' range Biodigesters provides a class leading prolonged emptying interval of typically 3 years.

The Biodigester product is entirely suitable for variable loadings.

T6 Biodigester Model T6 is suitable for:

Single house up to 5 bedrooms, unless holiday accommodation

Light industrial unit up to 18 persons

Single residential caravan

FIG 4. BIO DIGESTER BUILT INTO EACH SINGLE STOREY DWELLING

BENEFITS: Production of methane from human waste for cooking and heating

Standard' Range




The Biodigester 'Standard' range is a bespoke system for the treatment of sewage / waste water for populations or Population

Equivalent (PE) up to 2000 or higher using a suitable primary settlement tank or tanks followed by Biodigester Bonus waste water

treatment units in parallel.

The second option is ‘Design & Build’ on site using the Biodigester ‘EK’ system which consists of all the components required to

install an operational Biodigester into locally constructed tanks. Burnham Environmental Services can either supply the

Biodigester ‘EK’ components or undertake the whole project.

Each project is assessed for loading, which may be from sources such as domestic housing, hotels, inns, restaurants or caravan

sites. The specific effluent quality required is the second design factor to be included.

Each Biodigester 'Standard' has a four stage process the first two of which are for the primary settlement of solids. The third stage

is a 'Submerged Aerated Filter' (SAF) fed with a supply of air so that naturally occurring micro-organisms degrade the waste

water to a high degree in the presence of oxygen. The final stage of the treatment process is settlement of the secondary solids

which are generated within the aerated filter process. These solids are automatically returned to the primary settlement chambers

for storage. The sludge return system also has the important function of recycling effluent throughout the Biodigester.

The Biodigester 'Standard' is normally installed underground. Each Biodigester 'Standard' has a substantial retained volume that

allows the advantage of extended emptying intervals. The process design ensures the suitability of the Biodigester 'Standard' for

variable loadings.

Further details can be found in the 100-2000 population Biodigester Brochure.

100-500

Biodigester ‘Standard’ is suitable for:

Housing Developments

Hotels

Public Houses

Industrial Sites

Caravan Sites

Nursing and Retirement Homes

Leisure Facilities

http://www.biodigester.com/download/i/mark_dl/u/4012594473/4618206740/Brochure%20Biodigester%20100%20-%202000.pdf




MULTI STOREY INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DESIGNED INTO BUILDING)

1. WASTE MANAGEMENT (MULTISTOREY STRUCTURES) Multi storey dwellings, create a solution to existing waste management problems, transportation of waste from one source to another. By retrofitting each apartment with a shute designed to run from the top of the building to the bottom of the building, this allows for waste to flow from top to bottom of the structure un impeded. The waste managers of the Gem Valley project will provide a receptacle in each kitchen of the apartment, with a bag color coded for waste separation purposes. These bags of classified waste will be disposed of down the shute connected to the main shute running from the top of the building to the bottom. (Very much like the laundry shute system as adopted in many hotels) The bags of waste will fall into receptacles placed at the bottom of the shute, these receptacles (closed systems) will be transported to the CLASSIFICATION CENTERS located close to the multistory development sectors.

MULTI STOREY INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DESIGNED INTO BUILDING)

FIG6

2. WATER MANAGEMENT (MULTISTORY STRUCTURES) Reduction in water usage, would follow the same methodology as that used in the single dwelling model. With ECO TAPS, etc being used in the design of the apartments. Waste water treatment at source for multi-story structures would be more challenging then for single dwellings, but there is a possibility of including waste separators at each plumbing point of the apartment showers, toilets, and kitchen basins. The separators would pipe the waste water from kitchens & showers to a small reservoir treatment center housed in the basement of the multi-story structure, which would allow for the treatment of water from the structure to be converted from Black water to Grey water, for use in the gardens and other landscaped areas of Gem Valley. Solid waste from toilets would be pumped from the multistory structures to a waste water treatment plant suitably positioned (as an underground treatment plant) within a short distance of the multistory complexes.

Type of well next to the main lift shaft




3. WASTE MANAGEMENT (INDUSTRIAL SECTOR)

Waste Management from industrial sector, has more challenges then waste produced by dwellings, by the very nature of the industrial sites, producing a wide range of products in the manufacturing sector, will produce a wider range of waste designed for treatment. The project owners would be required to legislate on the types of industrial activities, allowed at the Gem Valley project, by doing this the waste management processes can be decided upon from the outset of the project planning. Solution: The waste from the industrial sector, will be recycled through a process of the STATIONERY WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS, (SWMU) there will be a SWMU located within each industrial complex area, which will classify any products for reuse/resale to industrial sector, balance of the waste would be pulverized, shredded, heat processed, and any other contaminates eg, wood shavings, to fiber glass, mirrors, glass panes, wind screens etc, these products will be mixed with silicon additive, and cement products to produce another form of ECO CRETE. General uses are in road construction, and driveway’s, and interlocking pavers for high traffic areas..

Fig 7 Crushing & Screening plant.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES: GEM VALLEY PROJECT BIO DIGESTER (MAIN SOURCE OF ORGANIC MATERIALS) Farming & Agricultural waste products will provide WASTE MATERIALS for the BULK BIO DIGESTER, to create METHANE, which would be used to power a turbine for the creation of ELECTRICITY, which would be fed into the main BULK POWER GRID of Gem Valley Project. Planning: The inclusion of a BULK BIODIGESTER would be beneficial for the GEM VALLEY ethos of utilizing ALTERNATIVE ENERGY to provide ELECTRICITY to the Project.. The BULK BIO DIGESTER ideally should be built within the proximity of the AGRICULTURAL SECTOR of GEM VALLEY PROJECT. The BIO DIGESTER TECHNOLOGY, will allow for ELECTRICITY GENERATION through the production of METHANE, piped to HEAT COMBUSTION TURBINE POWER UNITS, for production of ELECTICITY. AGRICULTURAL WASTE:

ANIMAL MANURE

GRASS SHAVINGS

FLOWER CUTTINGS

TREE CUTTINGS




GRASS CUTTINGS FROM THE GEM VALLEY GARDENS

GENERAL ORGANIC MATERIALS

BENEFITS: Reduction of waste produced from agricultural sector, thus reducing the green house emissions, that would normally occur at LAND FILL SITES generated from ORGANIC MATERIALS. DESIGN PLANNING OF THE GEM VALLEY PROJECT – Other methods of the project reducing Carbon Emissions: Design of VERTICAL GARDEN STRUCTURES, from recycled Plastic. Providing STRUCTURES WITH THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE FRESH FOOD to inhabitants close to the multistorey structures. Owned by Co-Operatives who sell the product to the communities, thus creation of small enterprises, in agriculture, and providing much needed employment in local areas. VERTICAL GARDENS: To assist with the reduction in co2 emissions, and reduce agricultural land usage, the use of VERTICAL GARDENS, would be advantageous. See Fig below)

LIVING WALLS – DESIGNED TO PROVIDE FOOD SUPPLY FROM A VERTICAL GARDEN, AND

REDUCE CARBON EMMISIONS FROM RESIDENTIAL TRAFFIC SPOTS ETC.




ECO BLOCS, 6 INCH DESIGN

FIG 8 DESIGN OF A PANELISED CENTRAL HEATED APARTMENT, WITH GLAZING (PLASTIC FILM LAYERS) TO REDUCE LOSS OF ENERGY FROM THE DAY TIME SUN SHINE. LOW COST STRUCTURE, 2 BEDROOM DWELLING. CONNECTED BIO DIGESTER BELOW THE DWELLING FOR GENERATION OF METHANE FOR COOKING AND HEATING. WINTER CONDITIONS: CENTRALISED PIPING WITH HEATED WATER UNDERFLOOR AND IN THE PANELS.




FOOD SECURITY (AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-PROCESSING)

1. Introduction

Food security has reached critical levels in Africa and other parts of the world, affecting mainly the poor. Agriculture and Agro-Processing is the key fundamental livelihood of human nature. Countries such as Mexico, Israel and Brazil were depended on conventional farming but opted to alternative method of producing Organic Farming Food and are now substantial food exporters. Weather patterns change unpredicted, plagues enter without warning and crops and animal production fail repeatedly without a logic explanation, resulting in the collapse of many farming ventures. That is not the case, our alternative method of farming is self sufficiently, user friendly and shall secure fresh produced food, animal feed, etc.

FOOD SECURITY POULTRY PIGGERY CATTLE

CONCEPT DESIGN OF

GREEN BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY

CROP GENERATION NEW GREEN

TECHNOLOGYS

GREEN CITY DEVELOPMENT

WASTE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM ZERO TO LANDFILL




2. Why Food Security within the Green City.

To change the mind set of people and perception in farming. To expedite interest of Farming to the people of Tshwane Metro. Introduction of alternative method of farming through Green Technology, to the people of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A Comprehensive Poultry Farming (Production) in partnership with Deutsche/Netherlands and Crop Production through (OMET FARMING METHOD) which is 100% proudly South African shall be utilized to enhance our farming production. To ensure that health organic food is produced, secured and feed the Green City Community and neighboring communities.

3. The City’s needs and challenges

Every City (Tshwane) need food supply to the people and surrounding communities, feed supply to animals, production houses to create sustainability and job creation which will lead to Poverty alleviation and these will lead reduction of substance abuse and crime especial among the Youth. Community involvement and mobilization in the production of ORGANIC FRESH PRODUCE FOOD is both critical and is also a necessity. A large number of the society predominately Africans don’t participate in Agriculture and mainly clueless about Food Security. To curb that the City need a viable strategic partner in Agriculture and Agro-Processing to achieve its goal of feeding the communities of Tshwane Green City and the wider Tshwane Metro. This Project will certainly produce more black commercial farmers, agricultural co-operatives and SME companies.

4. The Green City: How can it assist in addressing the needs and challenges through Green technology and alternative ways of doing

things?

The Green City Food Security Programme shall directly address the scarcity of healthy organic food supply to the communities and the wider city (City of Tshwane) consisting of about 500 000 people and more in its vicinity and surrounding areas of Mamelodi and nearby regions. It will change the economic landscape, addressing strategic aspects of economic development, marketing and promotional co-ordination equipping people with self sustainable skills and radical economic transformation mainly within the nearby townships . Challenges in the City of Tshwane within Agriculture and Agro-Processing sector are:

Water preservation.

Land acquisition (agricultural land still belong to the privileged few).

Difficulty in accessing both Internal and external funding.

Inadequate budget to reach extensive amount of people (individual, commercial farmers, co-operatives).

5. Green/alternative Technologies

OMET (Organic Medium Enclosed Trough) Method to be utilized for 100% Organic Crop Farming or Production, RSA Origin, A-Z. A Comprehensive Computerized Poultry Farming or Production, Deutsche (Netherlands), A-Z.

6. National/provincial government approach

In the State of the nation address, The Executive Mayor , have alluded that they have completed a practical implementation framework detailing work-streams, funding options, possible financing mechanisms and an action agenda that will enable the City to take the East Capital forward. He further mentioned that they are currently packaging catalytic interventions requiring to fast-track the development and realize the requisite levels of economic growth and development within the Far East of Tshwane with respect to packaging Projects such as:-

• Industrial development

• Agriculture and Agro-processing;

• Green property development; • Sustainable infrastructure; and

• Tourism; leisure and aqua development.

The Fresh Produce Market is implementing a major sustainability programme that seeks to ensure, retains market share in the Agriculture, Agro-Processing Industry by 2025 with a turnover increment of R3 Billion and a required infrastructure of R450 Million.




SFT TSHWANE GREEN CITY project shall also to a greater extend contribute to igniting an interest in Agriculture and Agro-Processing into the future in the next 5 years to support the City Vision 2055. He further mentioned the four sectors that needed attention which are :

Agriculture and Agro-Processing.

Education and the knowledge of economy.

Business diplomatic tourism.

Green economy.

Of which as Tshwane Green City, we are currently developing an implementation plan to contribute the above vision.

8. Who and what is OMET? OMET (Organic Medium Enclosed Troughs) is a new and unique methodology of plant growing. Due to its remarkable results, it proved to be the most effective and efficient way to cultivate plants grown in a controlled environment. It will soon become a household name, and due to its simplicity and organic growing method will become the leading edge of all growing methodologies known to date. The author Helmuth Rohrer, has published the book OMET, which can be ordered, and will appear on all bookshelves internationally soon. The

book explains in the finest detail, everything to know about this remarkable and astonishing growing practice. OMET is specifically designed for micro, small, medium, and mega farming in the most hostile conditions. It uses the least amount of water ever known, to produce absolute superior crop in the shortest time, with absolute limited risk. It has the lowest establishing cost of any other methodology, it needs no highly skilled management, it can be practised anywhere

as it operates on its own grow medium, and uses no electricity, subject to the source of water. IT IS A PROUDLY SOUTH 7. Where are we?

SFT Group has seen a niche in massive farming and secured a 106 Hectors of land for Food Security Programme. Plot 109 Suidweg, Leeufontein, Roodplat is envisage roll-out OMET (Organic Medium Enclosed Trough) METHOD, for Crop Farming in its 21 hectors. One hector of land has been identified to pilot the set up of Spider Web Tunnel (ground preparation, put anchors, troughs and seedlings) for Crop Farming.

The Food Security Division intends to engage in the following activities in order to execute its objectives Training Small farmers

Establish research Centers throughout the country

Engages youth and woman in agriculture

Engage commercial farmers on our products

Ensure that the OMET is a success

Engage actively with Inter

national OMET Owners Association to support OMET farmers owners

Organic Medium Enclosed Troughs

OMET

John Morris

Highlight

John Morris

Highlight




We have currently commenced with our Poultry Farming in a small scale of 300 day chicks (first batch), with a mortality averaging 5%-7% and intending to increase the capacity by 5000 chicks in our second batch within the next few days in Plot 111 (Poultry Hub), 21 hectors and created 4 permanent jobs, of which with the support, we can increase to 10 job creations from the 1st of September 2015. 8. Impact (e.g. social, employment, skills and economic) on the City and the Green City

Our Food Security Programme on the Omet 30 is intending to feed more than 250 families with Fresh Produced Vegetables and Fruits in the City and Green City in our initial phase. We are in a position to employ 10 permanent people immediately starting from 1 September, 2015 with the support of the Government buying troughs and seedling as mentioned below. SFT Group Food Security Programme shall secure stability; skills transfer, transformation, paves the way for future economic investment and the expansion of the City of Tshwane metropolitan Municipality GDP.

OMET Production and Establishment Costs, to serve 250 Households

Number of Households 250

Estimated Persons per Household 4

Total Number of Persons 1 000

Fresh Produce & Fruit Production/Person 2

Area of one Trough & Service Pathway 100

Total Trough area required 2 000

One trough 50

Total number of Troughs required 40

Total area required 4 000

Site Development Plan for roads 0.100

Total Area required for an OMET 30 0.500

Cost of an OMET 30 653 333

Contingencies 98 000

Total Cost of an OMET 30 R 751 333.33

OMET Packaging Plant Packaging is accordance to HACCP Specification

OMET STD Packaging Container R 51 000.00

Total packaging equipment R 29 000.00

One off cost per person

Estimated Project cost R 831 333.33

Total one off cost per person Note: Seedlings VAT and Consulting Fees Excluded:

R 831.33

AFRICAN PRODUCT!

“It is using our born intelligence and instinctive survival, to identify the gift of nature’s harmonious ecological integrated dependency being in perfect balance with man. We take it for granted; ignoring our gift with its simplicity and rather stare ourselves blind at our own complicated creations, and missing the point altogether. We rather complicate things for ourselves with new inventions and methodologies, in the quest to exert alpha intellectual supremacy on our planet, equating to one-sided financial enrichment, fuelling destructive power and greed, no matter the price attached to man or nature. It creates selfish counter productivity, with dire straight consequences for our children and our beloved planet, turning a blind eye to the ever increasing poverty, smothering our global overpopulation, live closer to nature my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!”

All plant growth needs good quality and consistent water? Helmuth went a step further, and designed the new revolutionary SDET. This Solar Desalinator produces 52kl/ha/day. What makes it so unique is that, once again it needs no on-grid electricity.




It is absolutely simplistic, and needs no skilled labour to successfully construct or to operate the system. It has the lowest ever construction and installation costs. Any water including brack and seawater can be used to generate basically pure H2O. The system was originally designed for OMET, and needs the same space to operate in as the OMET, and uses the same materials. The two systems work hand in hand together. Helmuth is currently drafting a provisional patent, and on registration, will be revelled. The SDET can also be utilised as for potable drinking water.

The above falls under the IOOA International. (International OMET Owners Association). All business activities fall under IOOA International. The purpose of this company is to administrate all current and future operations of any kind within the companies international global light. Its

head quarter is based and operates from South Africa. Chief Executive: HH Rohrer <[email protected]> Company Secretary: C Lombard 083 754 1511

The IOOASA is the South African association. All countries practising OMET will have a registered IOOA of that country registered, from where the OMET will be practised. Chief Executive: HH Rohrer <[email protected]> Company Secretary: C Lombard 083 754 1511

8. SUCCESFULL PROJECT ELSWHERE

OMET (Organic Medium Enclosed Trough) METHOD

Vredenburg Pilot Plant OMET was constructed on a building rubble dump site which was virtually impossible to grow. St Helena Bay, West Coast, Cape Town. The site (land-1 110square meters) was 560 meters from the beach and 11 meters above sea level, in a gale force winds, winter storms, winter rainfall of 180mm, sandy soil, scarcity of water, growing three tons of Swiss Chard a month.

Solar Desalination Enclosed Troughs




9. GEM VALLEY POULTRYPILOT FARMING PROJECT We anticipate selling the first batch in the next 7 days. The second batch of 5000 chicks shall be ready for the market within 42 days, starting from 1 September 2015.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS Litter from poultry farming will be converted into the following offtakes, within the Tshwane Green City, animal feed, crop fertilizers, and manure for use within the food security sector, and parks and recreational areas, to maintain parks within the city.

10. MARKET ANALYSIS

The South African food industry is worth 200 Billion Rand per year and is dominated by Cartels and Conglomerates who own food value chains at 93%, white owned companies and only 3% of BBBEE owned companies. The following diagram or table depicts the chain that is being described above:

Primary Production (Farmers)

Food Processing and Manufacturing

Branding, Labelling and Packaging

Marketing, Warehousing and Distribution

Markets i.e. Chain Stores, etc.

Consumer

The total worth of food industry in South Africa is estimated at over R200 Billion Rands.

11. POULTRY PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Estimated 324 million chickens are slaughtered and 528 million eggs are produced by layers in South Africa but still there is a shortage as Retail Stores such as Shoprite, Checkers and other chain groups import poultry products in countries such as Brazil, etc. the dominating companies in this sector includes: • Rainbow Chickens with 45% market share.

• Early Bird with 35% market share.

• Independent poultry farmers and processors 12% market share.

• Numerous small abattoirs owned by white population 5% market share.

• Only 3% market share is owned by BBBEE companies or farmers.

The Poultry business in South Africa is estimated at R80 Billion Rands per Annum.

12. Red Meat The Red Meat Industry is dominated by entities such as KARAN BEEF, SPATA BEEF, KYNHM, BEEFCO, etc. Together they own 95% market share and generate an estimated profit share of R45 Billion Rands per Annum. Companies owned by the disadvantaged few own less than 5% market share in the Industry.

13. Grain, Crop and Fruit The Grain, Crop and Fruits market are dominated by a host of Cartels and Huge processing and manufacturing companies, who own big milling, baking processors, canning and manufacturing companies such as, Tiger Brands, Food Corp, Premier Foods, Clover, etc. These companies generate an estimated R70 Billion Rands profit share per annum and owned 98% of market share. SFT aim at increase market penetration, territorial domination by ensuring the participation of the less advantaged (HDSI) in full capacity in the share of wealth generated by the Agricultural Industry in South Africa. The BBBEE owned companies are entitled to own atleast 30% market share in the Agricultural Sector and this can only be achieved by unifying the BBBEE owned companies, Co-operatives and have an Association which shall ensure that the needs and the goals of its members are reached.

14. . TUT MOU/Partnerships Tshwane University of Technology has signed an MOU with the City of Tshwane Metro. SFT Group has a standard agreement in principle with TUT to oversee, monitor and supervise in the five game changers.




7.1 BUDGETRY CONSIDERATIONS

The Tshwane budget as indicated in the proposal below is subject to finalization of PLANNING DEPARTMENT, and OTHER

LICENCE APPLICATIONS DEEMED NECESSARY BY VARIOUS GOVERNMENTAL DEPARTMENTS AND FRAMEWORKS

TSHWANE GREEN CITY - BUDGETRY CONSIDERATIONS

Conclusions

12 Months

Setup Cost Salaries/Wages Incomes

Waste Management 39 045 000.00 5 862 000.00 25 200 000.00

Green Valley Lodge 5 119 500.00 58 500.00 1 814 400.00

Food Security

Crop Omet 18 327 750.32 960 128.00 37 140 000.00

Crop Conventional 516 800.00 352 500.00 899 000.00

Poultry 4 387 000.00 3 930 000.00 7 500 000.00

TOTALS 67 396 050.32 11 163 128.00 72 553 400.00

Contingency

7%

Contingency for Risk Setup Cost Over Period 5 078 738.00

Repayment on 9% Loan Per Month 583 601.00

TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR FOOD SECURITY & BULK WASTE MANAGEMENT BUDGET

TOTAL REQUIREMENTS AS TOTAL BUDGET 83 637 916.32

NEW TECHNOLOGIES:

THE GREEN CITY ETHOS IS TO ENSURE CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY IS UTILISED IN ASPECTS OF THE CITYS FUNCTION AND

INTEGRATION AREAS.

LOW EMMISIONS AND A GREEN LIFESTYLE IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OVER THE NEXT

FIVE YEARS.

AS THIS IS A PILOT PROJECT, AS WE DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES, WE AS AN ORGANISATION COMMITTED TO GREEN LIVING

WILL LOOK TO THE FUTURE OF OTHER GREEN CITIES WITHIN SOUTH AFRICA AND BEYOUND OUR BOARDERS.




1. Impact (e.g. social, employment, skills and economic) on the City and the Green City

The whole idea of these new technologies including the in-situ enzyme polymer road construction is completely new to the city. Nevertheless if embraced it can create much more employment and empower smaller contractors who can work with minimal earth moving plant, which makes the bulk of road construction capital plant. It will change the mid-set of the Tshwane Green City Residents and bring them more in touch with the developments in their city! The alternative building construction technologies discussed above also require minimal relatively cheap equipment and hence will work to the benefit of our people and will help break the monopolies of the huge Coro Bricks etc who strive to ensure the status quo of lack of entry of black businesses into this market is maintained.

This definitely be a win-win situation for both the City of Tshwane and the residents of the Tshwane Green City- The essence of a sustainable community!

2. Involvement with the City

a. Support from the City- Interface with the City of Tshwane SAP Financial System- In order for this

innovative building and road construction and maintenance technology to be embraced fully, cooperation

will be necessary with the City of Tshwane Innovation and Sustainability Team. This will require extensive

interaction and cooperation with the relevant technical personnel of The City of Tshwane to ensure that

there is acceptability and buy-in for the new technologies.

b. Streamlining of Processes and bottlenecks- Cooperation from the City to streamline internal approval

processes and remove bottlenecks

c. Innovation Technology Overseers

The City of Tshwane have signed an MOU with Tshwane University of Technology to partner in spearheading all innovative technologies to ensure that they are technically sound before being adopted by the City. They will be responsible to ensure that all the innovative technologies are compliant with both the statutory and international norms. Secondly they will be part and parcel of the system development and indeed some of the electronic components of the system will be developed with input from TUT.

3. Project funding

SFT Group has secured 4$ Billion for the Tshwane Green City and a portion of the money shall be utilized for the development and establishment and capacity building of local contractors in this arena.

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