tsc-a conceptual framework - pairach piboonrungroj, phd · pdf...

Tourism Supply Chains: A Conceptual Framework

Pairach Piboonrungroj Logistics and Supply Chain Research Centre

Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University

MSc in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai

16-‐17 March 2013

International tourist arrival (million)

The World Tourism

Piboonrungroj, P. and Disney, S.M. 2009. Tourism Supply Chain: A Conceptual Framework. PhD Networking Conference, Exploring Tourism III: Issue in PhD research. 1-‐2 July. University of Nottingham.

UNWTO (2009)

Lodging Transport Attractions

Tourism service providers

Catering

The Tourism Supply Chains

Passenger transport

I. Before the trip II. During the trip

Direct access via

website

Via Travel agency

Via Tour operator

Trip arrangement

Customer (Tourist)

Freight Transport

Equipment Water & Energy

Input providers Infrastructure Foods & Beverage

Passenger Transport

Passenger Transport (air)


Customer (Tourist)

Service delivery

Service delivery

Service delivery

Service delivery

Passenger Transport (land)

Benefits of Supply Chain Management in Tourism


•  Short-‐term: Cost saving -‐ Inventory cost -‐ Transport -‐ Obsolescence

•  Long-‐term: Value creation -‐ Customer satisfaction -‐ Competitiveness -‐ Sustainability

Literature review

•  44 studies found in Scopus, Proquest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar.

•  Keywords:

Tourism supply chain

Hospitality supply chain

Travel supply chain


Trend in TSC research


Distribution of TSCM research


Focuses in TSC research


Where is the TSC research?


1. Defining the tourism industry

Travel trade

Attractions

Destinationmarketing

Tourism planning &

development

Tourism Industry

Travel Industry

Hospitality Industry

Clubs

Institutional foodservice

Assisted living facility

Lodging

Restaurants

Time share

Events

Commuters

Local travellers

Migrants

Students

Trains

Ferries

Airlines

Bus & coach

Car rental

Pizam (2009) Piboonrungroj, P. and Disney, S.M. 2009. Tourism Supply Chain: A Conceptual Framework. PhD Networking Conference, Exploring Tourism III: Issue in PhD research. 1-‐2 July. University of Nottingham.

2. Specify special characteristics of tourism

•  Demand: High seasonality & volatility


SARS Outbreak

3. Specify special characteristics of tourism

•  Supply -‐Consists of various parties

(Foods, Passenger transport, Tour Agencies, etc.) -‐ Mixtures of Goods & Service -‐ Continuous consumption (during the trip)


3. Identify TSC components

Note: × Critical correlation between TSC components (Tapper and Font 2004, p. 4) ● Additional critical correlation between TSC components (the authors) ▲ Moderate correlation between TSC components (the authors)

4. Outlining flow & processes

Lodging Transport Attractions

Passenger Flow

Passenger Transport

Direct access via

website

Via Travel agency

Via Tour operator

Service delivery

Service Operations

Tourism service providers

Foods and Beverage

Equipment Water & Energy

I. Before the trip II. During the trip III. After trip


Passenger Transport (land)


Freight Transport

Input providers

Trip arrangement

Customer (Tourist)

Foods and Beverage

Physical Flow

Quartet relationships

Conceptual Framework

III. Performance measurements

I. Designs

2. Financial

-‐ Margin-‐ Profitability -‐ P/E ratio

1. External

-‐  Customer satisfaction -‐  Revisit rate

3. Operational

-‐ Effectiveness -‐ Efficiency -‐Responsiveness

Competitive advantage

Distribution

Sourcing

Pricing

4. Development -‐ Sustainable

II. Relationships

Supply chain redesign

Customer value

Processes

Strategies

Plan Source Make Deliver Return

Collaborations

Facilities

Inventory Transport

Tour Agencies

Service Providers

Input Providers

Tourists

Research Opportunities 1. Design •  What is the right tourism supply chain to a particular situation? •  How can we identify it? 2. Collaboration •  What type of collaborations existing in TSCs? •  What are the antecedents and the benefits of collaboration in TSCs? 3. Performance measurement •  Which aspect that we should consider when measuring TSCM performance? •  How can we measure supply chain performance in tourism?


Research Opportunities 4. Managing risk and uncertainty •  What are risks and uncertainties of TSCs? •  How can we measure and mitigate risks in TSCs? 5. ICT and E-‐commerce •  How can we design ICT systems in TSCs? •  How can we identify the right E-‐business model for a particular TSC?


Acknowledgement

Commission on Higher Education

Royal Thai Government

Chiang Mai University

Logistics Systems Dynamics Group

Cardiff University


Thank you for your attentions

Back-‐up Slides

Hotels

Airlines

Restaurants

Entertainment

Transport

Tour operator

Travel agent

Tour operator

Customers

Direct access via website

Source: Adapted from Johnston and Clark (2008, p. 161)

Intermediaries in the holiday supply chains

Summary of TSCM research (2009)

Summary of TSCM research (2008)

Summary of TSCM research (before 2008)

tsc-a conceptual framework - pairach piboonrungroj, phd · pdf...

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