What exactly do the What exactly do the heavens declare?heavens declare?

Does the world around us Does the world around us make the handiwork of make the handiwork of God plain?God plain?

The Heavens declare…The Heavens declare…

““It is absolutely safe to say that, if It is absolutely safe to say that, if you meet somebody who claims not you meet somebody who claims not

to believe in evolution, that that to believe in evolution, that that person is ignorant, stupid or insane person is ignorant, stupid or insane

(or wicked, but I’d rather not consider (or wicked, but I’d rather not consider that).” that).”

- - Richard DawkinsRichard Dawkins, Dept. of Zoology, , Dept. of Zoology, Oxford University, UKOxford University, UK

►… … the sun is shrinking about the sun is shrinking about 0.1% per century0.1% per century

The sun is The sun is shrinkingshrinking

Meteorites Meteorites

►Why do we tend to Why do we tend to find almost all find almost all meteors in the meteors in the surface layersurface layer. .

►…….Why do we not .Why do we not find many meteors find many meteors in the various strata in the various strata (layers)? (layers)?

Earth’s heat loss – the earth Earth’s heat loss – the earth is is COOLINGCOOLING

►The earth is slowly cooling. Lord Kelvin The earth is slowly cooling. Lord Kelvin calculated that the earth could not be calculated that the earth could not be billions of years… At approximately 25 billions of years… At approximately 25 million years ago, the earth would million years ago, the earth would have been white hot…have been white hot…

Decreasing rate of Decreasing rate of ROTATIONROTATION: Earth’s spin is : Earth’s spin is

slowing downslowing down► If the earth were billions of years old, the If the earth were billions of years old, the

current spin would be 0. current spin would be 0. ► Extrapolating backwards, billions of years Extrapolating backwards, billions of years

ago, earth’s spin would have been so great ago, earth’s spin would have been so great that the centrifugal force would pull the land that the centrifugal force would pull the land masses to the equatorial regions, drawn masses to the equatorial regions, drawn them out to a height of over 40 miles. The them out to a height of over 40 miles. The oceans would have been pushed to the oceans would have been pushed to the poles and the shape of the earth would look poles and the shape of the earth would look like a flat pancake.like a flat pancake.

MudMud on the sea floor on the sea floor

► Each year, water and winds erode about 28 Each year, water and winds erode about 28 billion tons of dirt & rock from the continents billion tons of dirt & rock from the continents and deposit it in the ocean where it and deposit it in the ocean where it accumulates as sediment (mud) on the accumulates as sediment (mud) on the basaltic (lava formed) bed. basaltic (lava formed) bed.

The average depth of all the mud in the whole The average depth of all the mud in the whole ocean, including the continental shelves is ocean, including the continental shelves is less than 400 meters = 0.25 miles. less than 400 meters = 0.25 miles.

► This amount would accumulate is less than This amount would accumulate is less than 12 million years. 12 million years.

► 3 billion years would have resulted in a 3 billion years would have resulted in a depth of mud of over 100 miles thick.depth of mud of over 100 miles thick.

PopulationPopulation growth… growth…

►Population growth charts and Population growth charts and calculations both indicate that the calculations both indicate that the current world population of about 6 current world population of about 6 billion people could have been billion people could have been achieved starting with 8 people about achieved starting with 8 people about 4400 years ago. 4400 years ago.

►Note: If there were 1 million years of Note: If there were 1 million years of evolution the population should be evolution the population should be about 10about 1050005000

Evidence of “transitional Evidence of “transitional forms” …highly forms” …highly exaggeratedexaggerated or or falsifiedfalsified ►Piltdown Man – human skull cap, ape jaw Piltdown Man – human skull cap, ape jaw ►Nebraska Man – toothNebraska Man – tooth►Neanderthal – human – initial fossils were Neanderthal – human – initial fossils were

distorted due to Rickets distorted due to Rickets ►Cro-Magnon - human Cro-Magnon - human ►Peking Man – evidence disappeared Peking Man – evidence disappeared ► Java Man – skull cap & thigh bone 50 Java Man – skull cap & thigh bone 50

yards away & hid human skulls at same yards away & hid human skulls at same level.level.

Lack of Lack of TransitionalTransitional forms….forms….

►““The extreme rarity of transitional forms The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology. The evolutionary secret of paleontology. The evolutionary trees that adorn our textbooks have data trees that adorn our textbooks have data only at the tips and nodes of the only at the tips and nodes of the branches; the rest is inference, however branches; the rest is inference, however reasonable, not the evidence of fossils.” reasonable, not the evidence of fossils.” Stephen J. Gould ‘Evolution’s Erratic Stephen J. Gould ‘Evolution’s Erratic Pace’Pace’Natural History, vol. LXXXVI (5), May Natural History, vol. LXXXVI (5), May 1977, p. 14 1977, p. 14

► ““The absence of fossil evidence for The absence of fossil evidence for intermediary stages between major intermediary stages between major transitions in organic design, indeed our transitions in organic design, indeed our inability, even in our imagination, to construct inability, even in our imagination, to construct functional intermediates in many cases, has functional intermediates in many cases, has been a persistent and nagging problem for been a persistent and nagging problem for gradualistic accounts of evolution.” - gradualistic accounts of evolution.” - Stephen J. Gould ‘Is a new general theory of Stephen J. Gould ‘Is a new general theory of evolution emerging?’ Paleobiology, vol. 6 (1), evolution emerging?’ Paleobiology, vol. 6 (1), January 1980, pl. 127January 1980, pl. 127

►Richard Dawkins – question: Do you Richard Dawkins – question: Do you have any examples of mutations which have any examples of mutations which added information to the genes? added information to the genes?

Design indicates a Design indicates a DESIGNERDESIGNER

The glory of The glory of God seen in…..God seen in…..

The Glory of God seen in…The Glory of God seen in…

ProbabilityProbability

►Single protein = 10Single protein = 10191191 ►Single Cell = 10Single Cell = 1040,00040,000

EyeEye

►““To suppose that the eye with all its To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light and for the different amounts of light and for the correction of spherical and chromatic correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree” – Charles absurd in the highest degree” – Charles Darwin in The Origin of Species, J.M Dent Darwin in The Origin of Species, J.M Dent & Sons Ltd. London, 1971, p. 167 & Sons Ltd. London, 1971, p. 167

What does the universe What does the universe declare?declare?

►The GLORY OF GOD!The GLORY OF GOD!

►Extra unused slides Extra unused slides ►More slides available at More slides available at

http://andrasik.oldpaths.net/English/OSU2008_files/frame.htm

What is the universe saying…What is the universe saying…

►Apollo sample material dated by Apollo sample material dated by uranium-thorium-lead, agglutinate, and uranium-thorium-lead, agglutinate, and potassium argon methods gave ages potassium argon methods gave ages from 2 million years to 28 billion years.from 2 million years to 28 billion years.Lava from Hawaiian and other Lava from Hawaiian and other volcanoes known to have flowed within volcanoes known to have flowed within the last 200 years have been dated by the last 200 years have been dated by potassium-argon and uranium-lead to potassium-argon and uranium-lead to be billions of years old. be billions of years old.

► Hydrogen is constantly being converted to Hydrogen is constantly being converted to Helium throughout the universe. Hydrogen is Helium throughout the universe. Hydrogen is not being produced in any significant not being produced in any significant quantities through the conversion of the other quantities through the conversion of the other elements. If the universe were 15 to 20 elements. If the universe were 15 to 20 billion years old, there should be little billion years old, there should be little hydrogen left. However, Sir Fred Hoyle says hydrogen left. However, Sir Fred Hoyle says that the universe is still composed almost that the universe is still composed almost entirely of hydrogen, which speaks to a young entirely of hydrogen, which speaks to a young universe unless there is a continuous creation universe unless there is a continuous creation occurring of which we are unaware. occurring of which we are unaware.

► Popper’s ConclusionPopper’s Conclusion► ““Darwinism is not a testable scientific theory, Darwinism is not a testable scientific theory,

but a metaphysical research Program.”but a metaphysical research Program.”Dr. Karl Popper, Unended Quest: An Dr. Karl Popper, Unended Quest: An

Intellectual Autobiography, p. 168 Intellectual Autobiography, p. 168 (World’s leading philosopher of science per a (World’s leading philosopher of science per a Nobel prize winning scientist)Nobel prize winning scientist)

Metaphysics = philosophical / difficult to Metaphysics = philosophical / difficult to understand sciences – of being, etc.understand sciences – of being, etc.

► Time is the hero of the plot. The time with Time is the hero of the plot. The time with which we have to deal is on the order of 2 which we have to deal is on the order of 2 billion years. What we regard as impossible billion years. What we regard as impossible on the basis of human experience is on the basis of human experience is meaningless here. Given so much time, the meaningless here. Given so much time, the “impossible” becomes possible, the possible “impossible” becomes possible, the possible probable, and the probable virtually certain. probable, and the probable virtually certain. One has only to wait: time itself performs the One has only to wait: time itself performs the miracles.’ – George Wald (late Prof of Biology, miracles.’ – George Wald (late Prof of Biology, Harvard Univ., ‘The origin of life’. Scientific Harvard Univ., ‘The origin of life’. Scientific American, vol. 292 (2), August 1954, p. 48. American, vol. 292 (2), August 1954, p. 48.

Moon moving away from Moon moving away from earthearth

►The moon is retreating from the earth The moon is retreating from the earth at a rate of approximately 1.5 inches at a rate of approximately 1.5 inches per year and would have been faster in per year and would have been faster in the past. At 1.37 billion years ago, the the past. At 1.37 billion years ago, the moon would be in contact with the moon would be in contact with the earth’s surface At a distance of 11,500 earth’s surface At a distance of 11,500 miles (Roche Limit), it is predicted that miles (Roche Limit), it is predicted that the tidal forces would break the moon the tidal forces would break the moon into pieces and create rings like Saturn. into pieces and create rings like Saturn.

Salt in the seaSalt in the sea

Each year, rivers and outer sources dump Each year, rivers and outer sources dump over 450 million tons of sodium into the over 450 million tons of sodium into the ocean. Only 27% of this sodium manages ocean. Only 27% of this sodium manages to get back out of the sea each year. The to get back out of the sea each year. The remainder accumulates in the ocean. remainder accumulates in the ocean.

If the sea initially had no sodium, the If the sea initially had no sodium, the present amount would accumulate is less present amount would accumulate is less than 42 million years at these rates. Even than 42 million years at these rates. Even at the most generous rates of at the most generous rates of accumulation, the max. time to reach the accumulation, the max. time to reach the current level would only be 62 million current level would only be 62 million years. years.

Mississippi DeltaMississippi Delta

►The Mississippi river (2 mil yrs old?) The Mississippi river (2 mil yrs old?) dumps about 300 million cubic yards dumps about 300 million cubic yards of sediment into the gulf of Mexico of sediment into the gulf of Mexico each year. The delta grows about 250 each year. The delta grows about 250 feet each year. At this rate, there is feet each year. At this rate, there is only enough growth to account for only enough growth to account for about 4000 years. about 4000 years.

C14C14

► It has been estimated that C14 would It has been estimated that C14 would near equilibrium (rate of production of near equilibrium (rate of production of C14 is nearly equal with the rate of C14 is nearly equal with the rate of disintegration of C14). This should disintegration of C14). This should occur within about 30,000 years. But occur within about 30,000 years. But the rate of decay is much less than the the rate of decay is much less than the rate of production indicating that the rate of production indicating that the process only began 8000 years ago. process only began 8000 years ago.

HistoryHistory

► If man has been around for a 1-3 million If man has been around for a 1-3 million years, why do we only find records of man years, why do we only find records of man that date back to around 3000 BC? Note: that date back to around 3000 BC? Note: When records are found they reveal highly When records are found they reveal highly developed sophisticated civilizations. developed sophisticated civilizations.

►Dendrochronology Dendrochronology ► Some trees can live for thousands of years, Some trees can live for thousands of years,

but the oldest living tree is estimated at but the oldest living tree is estimated at about 4900 years. about 4900 years. Note: It could be Note: It could be younger as multiple tree rings can be younger as multiple tree rings can be formed in the same year.formed in the same year.

Population Population

► If man has been around for a 1-3 million If man has been around for a 1-3 million years, why do we only find records of man years, why do we only find records of man that date back to around 3000 BC? Note: that date back to around 3000 BC? Note: When records are found they reveal highly When records are found they reveal highly developed sophisticated civilizations. developed sophisticated civilizations.

►Dendrochronology Dendrochronology ► Some trees can live for thousands of years, Some trees can live for thousands of years,

but the oldest living tree is estimated at but the oldest living tree is estimated at about 4900 years. about 4900 years. Note: It could be Note: It could be younger as multiple tree rings can be younger as multiple tree rings can be formed in the same year.formed in the same year.

Wrong starting materialsWrong starting materials

Wrong starting materials – methane, ammonia, Wrong starting materials – methane, ammonia, water vapor, Hydrogen (no O2) water vapor, Hydrogen (no O2)

Evidence of O2 in earliest rocks Evidence of O2 in earliest rocks

►No evidence of methane in earliest clays No evidence of methane in earliest clays ►Wrong conditions – electrical spark would Wrong conditions – electrical spark would

tear down bonds more efficiently than it tear down bonds more efficiently than it would create them – which was the reason would create them – which was the reason for a trap. for a trap.

►Wrong results – tar, carboxcillic acids Wrong results – tar, carboxcillic acids (deadly to life), trace L&D amino acids(deadly to life), trace L&D amino acids

““Simple” cells Simple” cells

►Golgi bodies – transport proteins to Golgi bodies – transport proteins to membrane. Lysosomes – digestive organ membrane. Lysosomes – digestive organ function function

► Cell membrane – self repairing – control what Cell membrane – self repairing – control what comes in & what goes out. Proteins / Enzymes comes in & what goes out. Proteins / Enzymes

► Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum ► Ribosomes Ribosomes ►Mitochondria Mitochondria ►Nucleus – chromosomes, DNA – 75 different Nucleus – chromosomes, DNA – 75 different

types of protein only produced by the DNA. types of protein only produced by the DNA. RNA (several types required)RNA (several types required)