TRNG PTTH QUANG TRUNG NNGT HA HCGVTH: NGUUYN TH MINH TRANGLP : 11Tun 28,29 Tit 56,57

NI DUNG BI HCNH NGHA, PHN LOING PHN, DANH PHPTNH CHT VT LTNH CHT HA HCIU CH - NG DNG

I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI1. nh ngha: Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm hiroxyl OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon no. Nhm OH ny c gi l nhm OH ancol.

2. Phn loi: theo c im gc HC v s nhm OH, ta c mt s ancol tiu biu sau:

a, Ancol no, n chc, mch h: CnH2n+1OHVd: CH3-CH2-OH, CH3-CH(OH)-CH3b, Ancol khng no, n chc, mch h: pt c 1 nhm OH lk vi C no ca HC khng no.Vd: CH2=CH-CH2OHc, Ancol thm, n chc: Nhm OH lk vi C no thuc mch nhnh ca vng benzen.Vd:

d, Ancol vng no, n chc: -OH lk vi C no thuc gc HC vng no.Vd: e, Ancol a chc:Vd: CH3(OH)-CH(OH)-CH3

II. NG PHN, DANH PHP1. ng phn:ng phn mch Cng phn v tr nhm OHCH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 CH3 OHCH3-C -OH CH3-CH-CH2-OH CH3 CH3

2. Danh php:a, Tn thng thng:Ancol + tn gc ankyl + icVd: C2H5OH ancol etylicb, Tn thay th:Tn HC tng ng vi mch chnh + s ch v tr nhm OH + olVd: C2H5OH etanolCH3-CH2-CH2-OH 2-metylpropan-1-ol CH3

Bng 8.1: Tn mt s ancol no, n chc, mch h

III. TNH CHT VT LNhit si tng theo chiu tng ca phn t khi. tan gim theo chiu tng ca phn t khi. Nguyn nhn cc ancol c th tan c trong nc l do chng c th to c lin kt hidro.O HO H R R

Bng 8.2: Mt vi hng s vt l ca cc ancol u dy ng ng.

IV. TNH CHT HA HC1. Phn ng th H ca nhm OH:2C2H5-OH + 2Na 2C2H5-ONa + H2* Tnh cht c trng ca glixerol: 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + H2O ng (II) glixerat=> Phn ng ny dng phn bit ancol n v ancol a chc c cc nhm OH cnh nhau2. Phn ng th nhm OH:C2H5-OH + H-Br C2H5-Br + H2O => Phn ng ny chng t phn t c nhm OH.C2H5-OH + H-OC2H5 C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2Oietyl ete (ete etylic)

H2SO4140oC to

3. Phn ng tch nc:CH2-CH2 CH2=CH2 + H2OH OH4. Phn ng oxi haOxi ha khng hon ton:CH3-CH2-OH + CuO CH3-C-H + Cu + H2O OCH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + CuO CH3-C-CH3 + Cu + H2O OAncol bc 3 khng phn ng. b. Oxi ha hon ton:C2H5-OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2OH2SO4170oC tototo

V. IU CH - NG DNG

VI. CNG C1) Tn gi ca (CH3)3C-OH l:a. 1,1-imetyletanolb. 1,1-dimetyletan-1-olc. isobutan-2-old. 2-metylpropan-2-ol2) un nng hn hp gm ru etylic v metylic, th s ete thu c ti a l bao nhiu?a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 5 3) Thc hin chui bin ha sau, ghi r iu kin tng phn ng:Tinh bt glucoz ancol etylic andehit axetic.