Truck Tractor Crash Analysis

Tribal Lands in Arizona 2009-2013

ITCA Tribal Epidemiology Center (TEC)

August 6, 2015

Source: azcentral.com

Topics Background

Objectives

Method

Findings

Strengths and limitations

Recommendations

Source: azcentral.com

Definition: Truck Tractor

Non-cargo carrying power unit in combination with a semi-trailer.

Truck tractors and semi-trailer combinations, referred to as tractor/trailers.

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

Why Care about Truck Traffic Safety?

Arizona is in the middle of a large, expanding trade triangle connecting Southern California, Texas and northern Mexico.

Annually, commercial trucks make about 8 million trips into and out of Arizona with most on east-west interstate routes.

North-south trade with Mexico and Canada is a major initiative nationally and for Arizona. By 2050, freight shipments are expected to triple in Arizona.

Source: Santa Cruz Commerce Center

2010 Statewide Crash Analysis

Utilized 1997-2006 reported crash data in the Arizona Location Identification Surveillance System

Completed an analysis of n=27,382 crashes on tribal lands in Arizona

Injury and fatal crash rates were about 5 times higher on tribal lands than statewide for: Lane departure crashes involving truck tractors trailers (TTT)

Speed-related crashes involving TTT

2009-2013 Analysis of TTT Crashes on Tribal Lands in Arizona

Objectives Compare the number and

percent of injuries and fatalities in TTT crashes on and off Tribal lands

Identify high crash locations

Identify differences between TTT crashes occurring on and off Tribal lands

Source: overdrive.com

Method and Results

Utilized 2009-2013 reported crash data in the Arizona Location Identification Surveillance System

Examined 12,557 total crashes on Tribal lands Identified n=553 total TTT crashes on Tribal lands

4% of crashes on Tribal lands involved TTT

2% of crashes off Tribal lands involved TTT

Results: Location 94% of truck tractor

crashes on Tribal lands occurred on interstates, US highways, and state routes

40% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-10

12% of truck tractor crashes occurred on I-40 Developed by Jonathan Davis, ITCA ArcGIS Fellow

Results: Year

18% 19%

22%

20% 21%

16%

22% 21% 21%

20%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Perc

ent

On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

Results: Month

6%

7%

10% 10% 10%

11%

7%

10%

9%

7%

6%

8%

7%

8% 8% 8% 8%

9%

8% 8% 8%

9%

8%

9%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Perc

ent

On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

Results: Day of Week

11% 12%

14%

16% 16%

20%

10%

8%

15%

17% 17% 17% 17%

10%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Perc

ent

OnTribal Land Off Tribal Land

Results: Injury Status

78%

5% 9%

3% 1% 3%

82%

6% 6% 2% 0.8%

3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

No Injury Possible Injury Non-IncapacitatingInjury

Incapacitating Injury Fatal Unknown

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Results: Injuries and Fatalities by Vehicle Type

6%

94%

39%

61%

13%

87%

28%

72%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Injury, TTT Injury, Non-TTT Fatality, TTT Fatality, Non-TTT

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Results: Vehicles per Crash

32%

68%

21%

79%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Single Vehicle Multiple Vehicles

Perc

ent

On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

Results: Time of Day

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Perc

ent

OnTribal Land, Single Vehicle OnTribal Land, Multiple Vehicle

Off Tribal Land, Single Vehicle Off Tribal Land, Multiple Vehicle

Results: Collision Manner

32%

22%

32% 33%

18%

21%

13%

9%

5%

2% 3%

1% 2%

3% 2% 2%

0.2% 1.0%

0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Perc

ent

Single Vehicle Sideswipe, Same Direction Right Turn Other

Angle Head On Left Turn Sideswipe, Opposite Direction

Rear to Side Unknown Rear to Rear

Results: Most Harmful Event MOST HARMFUL

EVENT On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

TTT Non-TTT TTT Non-TTT Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank

Motor Vehicle in Transport

110 1 97 1 2704 1 2577 1

Overturn/Rollover 17 2 4 3 176 2 48 4 Other, Non-Fixed

Object 8 3 5 2 123 3 108 2

Fire/Explosion 8 3 -- -- 109 4 -- -- Animal, Livestock 8 3 -- -- -- -- -- --

Struck by Falling/Shifting Cargo

-- -- 4 3 -- -- 39 5

Other, Non-Collision 6 4 3 4 -- -- -- -- Cargo Loss/Shift -- -- 2 5 -- -- -- --

Tree/Bush, Standing -- -- 2 5 -- -- -- -- Parked Motor

Vehicle -- -- -- -- -- -- 71 3

Animal, Wild Game -- -- -- -- 92 5 -- --

Results: Road Grade

74%

14%

9%

1% 1% 2%

80%

9% 9%

1% 0% 2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Level Downhill Uphill Hillcrest Sag/Bottom Unknown

Perc

ent

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Source: http://www.mountaindirectory.com/md_slideshow/md_008.jpg

Results: Road Alignment

84%

9% 5%

2% 0%

83%

6% 5% 3% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Straight Curve, Left Curve, Right Unknown Not Reported

Perc

ent

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Source: http://i.azcentral.com/commphotos/view/686936.jpg

Results: Action at Time of Crash ACTION AT TIME OF

CRASH On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

TTT Non-TTT TTT Non-TTT Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank

Going Straight Ahead 378 1 222 1 6731 1 4913 1 Negotiating a Curve 33 2 6 10 222 10 -- -- Making a Left Turn 29 3 24 4 802 4 502 5

Slowing in Trafficway 26 4 26 3 620 5 515 4 Changing Lanes 24 5 19 5 946 2 671 3

Avoiding Vehicle/Object 20 6 13 7 226 9 174 9 Unknown 18 7 11 8 313 7 307 7

Stopped in Trafficway 17 8 44 2 595 6 1185 2 Making Right Turn 15 9 6 10 924 3 408 6

Overtaking/Passing 12 10 16 6 -- -- 279 8 Other -- -- 8 9 -- -- --

Backing -- -- -- -- 303 8 -- -- Properly Parked -- -- -- -- -- -- 144 10

Results: Low light conditions

Source: www.mybinc.com/blog/category/motor-vehicle-record-check

Source: www.corporatedriving.com/semi-truck-driving-safety/

65%

2% 1% 4%

27%

1%

69%

3% 2%

10%

16%

0.3% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark, Lighted Dark, NotLighted

Dark, UnknownLighting

Perc

ent

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land2

Results: Safety Device Use

87% 87% 85%

88%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Safety Device Used, TTT Safety Device Used, Non-TTT

Perc

ent

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Results: Driving While Fatigued

4%

2% 2%

1%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

Fatigue, TTT Fatigue, Non-TTT

Perc

ent

On Tribal Land Off Tribal Land

Results: Violation VIOLATION On Tribal Lands Off Tribal Lands

TTT Non-TTT TTT Non-TTT Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank Number Rank

Speed Too Fast For Conditions

94 1 50 1 1261 1 9400 1

Inattention/ Distraction 50 2 25 2 1222 2 771 3 Unknown 29 3 23 3 940 3 774 2

Other 31 4 19 4 685 5 385 5 Failed to Keep in Proper

Lane 22 5 16 5 403 6 280 7

Unsafe Lane Change 18 6 14 6 757 4 483 4 Failed to Yield Right of Way -- -- 12 7 210 8 327 6

Improper Turn 11 7 6 10 361 7 134 9 Drove in Opposing Traffic

Lane -- -- 10 8 -- -- -- --

Followed Too Closely 8 8 9 9 140 9 -- -- Other Unsafe Passing 4 9 -- -- -- -- 129 10

Disregarded Traffic Signal -- -- 6 10 68 10 141 6

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths

5 years of crash data

Crash locations are accurate

Crash data is complete

Limitations

Many fields had data not reported

May include tribal and non-tribal drivers

Source: Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-RD-01-159

Recommendations Policy: Strengthen tribal traffic codes pertaining to

commercial traffic on tribal lands

Participate in the heavy vehicle task force for the Arizona Strategic Highway Safety Plan implementation

Enforcement: Train tribal police to become certified commercial vehicle inspectors

Education: Conduct “Share the Road” training for tribal members to heighten awareness of driving near commercial vehicles

Engineering: Utilize strategies on state routes through tribal communities

Traffic Calming in Tribal Communities State routes through tribal communities may be “main streets”. Speed feedback signs

caution drivers to lower speed

Community gateway signs notify drivers they are entering a tribal community

Photo by: J. Schallan Source: wikipedia user - Terfili

Source: www.sportbikeworld.com

Project Contacts Jamie Ritchey, PhD, MPH TEC Director

Erica Weis, MPH, Epidemiologist II

Esther Corbett, BS, Project Manager

ITCA Tribal Epidemiology Center

602-258-4822

Funded by the Office of Minority Health, DHHS

Crash map developed by Jonathan Davis, ITCA ArcGIS Fellow