tropical diseases
DESCRIPTION
ESL Tropical Diseases: Causes, Symptoms & TreatmentTRANSCRIPT
S Y M P T O M S A N D T R E AT M E N T
TROPICAL DISEASES & ILLNESSES
HEPATITIS A & B
Symptoms• Nausea & vomiting• Fever• Diarrhea • Jaundice
Hepatitis A & B: General Information• Viral infection of the liver• A is caused by: fecal matter entering the body through direct contact, food, and utensils• B is caused by person-to-person contact
Prognosis & Treatment:• May last several weeks, but most people recover
• Treatment is unspecified (rest & recovery)
TYPHOID FEVER
Symptoms• Week 1: fever, headache, cough and bloody nose• Week 2: high, fluctuating fever; delirium(calm-irritated
rose spots on chest & abdomen• Week 3: high fever; intestinal bleeding; dehydration
delirium (picking at clothes; seeing objects)* fever usually ends at the end of the 3rd week.
Typhoid Fever: General Information• Bacterial infection of the liver• Caused by fecal matter entering the body through food or water
Prognosis & Treatment:• Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin; sometimes surgery
MALARIA
Symptoms• Begin like flu-like symptoms• Fever• Chills & Sweating• Headaches• Fatigue• Nausea & Vomiting• Coughing• Symptoms occur in a cycle (48hrs)
Malaria: General Information• Caused by bite from a mosquito infected with a • parasite
Prognosis & Treatment:• Blood Test; Chloroquine; Doxycycline; Malarone
DENGUE FEVER
Symptoms• Sudden, high fever• Severe headache• Pain behind the eyes• Joint & Muscle pain• Nausea & Vomiting• Skin Rash• Mild bleeding from nose and gums• Easy bruising
Dengue Fever: General Information• Caused by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with the Dengue virus• Symptoms begin 4-6 days after bitten; usually last 10
Prognosis & Treatment:• no anti-viral treatment; lots of fluids and bed rest• Avoid aspirin & anti-inflammatory drugs
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
Symptoms• high fever• headache• diarrhea• muscle pain• Stiffness• Paralysis of some body parts
Japanese E.: General Information• Caused by the bite of a mosquito infected with the virus usually from a bird or pig• Occurs 5-15 days after bitten
Prognosis & Treatment:• no anti-viral treatment
MENINGITIS
Symptoms• General sick feeling• Sudden high temperature• Persistent headache• neck stiffness• nausea & vomiting• confusion or mental changes• Drowsiness• Red/Purple skin rash
Meningitis.: General Information• Caused by bacteria & virus
Prognosis & Treatment:• Begin with antibiotics (penicillin or Ceftriaxone) by IV• possible medication to reduce spinal fluid pressure
RABIES
Symptoms• Fever,• Cough• Sore Throat• Seizures• Hallucinations• Restlessness• Stiff Body
Rabies.: General Information• Viral infection that effects the Central Nervous System caused by the bite of an infected animal
Prognosis & Treatment:• A series of injections known as PEP (postexposure prophylaxis)…. these shots help the body’s immunesystem destroy the disease
TETANUS
Symptoms• begins about 3 weeks after injury• Stiffness of jaw and trouble swallowing• Pain near the wound site• Muscle Spasms (of face)• causes a strained smile
Tetanus: General Information• Starts from an injury or scratch; infection comes from soil or fecal matter
Prognosis & Treatment:• Chances of recovery is poor. • Antibiotics are used for the wound• Chlorpromazine or Diazepam = control muscles
INTESTINAL PARASITES
Symptoms• Stomachache• Chronic Fatigue• Diarrhea• Fever• Dizziness• Weakness• Vomiting & Nausea• Night sweats• Hair loss
Intestinal Parasites: General Information• When contaminated food or water contains organisms that live in the intestins
Prognosis & Treatment:• Anti-Parasitic drugs
CHOLERA
Symptoms• Extreme dehydration• Diarrhea & Vomiting
Cholera: General Information• Infection in the small intestine caused by the cholera bacteria• Caused by eating dirty water or food with fecal matter
Prognosis & Treatment:• Oral Rehydration Therapy• IV Fluids• Antibacterial drugs
TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
Symptoms• Chronic cough• Bloody cough• night sweats• weightless• Loss of appetite
Tuberculosis: General Information• Infectious disease (bacteria) that attacks the lungs• Transmitted easily through body fluids
Prognosis & Treatment:• TB can be active or latent in the body• 4 primary medications:• Isonizid (INH); rifampin (RIF); ethambutol (EMB) pyrazinaminde (PZA)