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TROJANHORSEMETHODBrettTurnbullClosingTranscript–July19,2017

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http://blog.cvn.com/nissan-hit-with-25m-verdict-over-brake-failure-that-caused-fatal-collision

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CLOSINGARGUMENTBYPLAINTIFFCOUNSELTURNBULL�MR.TURNBULL:Goodafternoon.Finally,hereattheend,andit'sbeen,what,fourandahalfweeksnow.IknowatthebeginningwehadtheopportunitywhereIwasabletoaskquestionsandtalkwithyoudirectly.Anditfeels,frankly,kindofoddtodothatinthebeginningandthenhavetositoverhereandnothaveachancetotalkwithyou,butit's just theway itworks. I suppose thatwe've been able to communicate a little bitthroughthewitnessstand,andalot'shappenedinthelastfourweeks.OneofthethingsthatIknowhashappenedisI'veseenhowhardallofyouhaveworkedandhowmuchyoupaidattention,andIknowthatI'mgrateful.We'reallgrateful.AndIknowthatHilarioandAraceliaregrateful.AndIkindoffeellikeaLosAngelesnativenow.I'vebeenhereforsevenoreightweeks.Andtruthbetold,whenI lefthome,mynowtwoyearoldwasone.Mysonhasbeenthroughanentire summer camp. So I recognize thatwe're allmaking sacrificeswhilewe'vebeenheretogether.Andyouknow,thetruthisthattherewasaFather'sDayinthere.Ihavefourkids.So I caughtmyself feeling a little bit of self-pity because I was here andwasn'twiththem.Andhonestly,itmademefeelkindoflikeahorriblehumanbeingwhenIthoughtaboutthefactthatthemanIrepresent,notoneFather'sDayorone�It'salotofFather'sDays and a lot of birthdays of holidays.And I had to checkmyself on that a. Sonowwe're here together again, talking aboutwhat it is this case is about andwhatwe'rehere todo.Whatwe'rehere todo.Andwhathasbeenour responsibility in termsofHilario'sandAraceli'spursuitofjusticeonbehalfofSaida,Hilda,andStephaniewillbehandedovertoyou.�Anditwillbeyourresponsibility,anditwillbeinyourhands.Itwillbeinyourhands.

Thiscaseissimpleatitscore.Itissimple.AndthesimplefactisthatNissanknewthatintentionallydesigningacarthathadasuddenandunexpectedchangeinthefeelandtheoperationof thebrakeswasdangerousbecausewhenadrivergoestoputonthebrakesandthebrakedoesn'tfeelthewaythattheyexpectitto,inthesensethatitfeelslike therearenobrakes, feels like thebrakepedal isgoing to the floor,driverspanic.Nissanknew.Theyknownowwhenpeoplepanic, they react.Peoplegethurt.Peoplegetkilled.In this case, the evidence has clearly established that by 2012Nissan had known foryearsthatthesecarsandtheirbrakesystemswerecausingpeopletopanicalloverthe




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U.S.,describingthebrakepedalgoingtothefloor,runningstopsigns,runningredlights,feelingasiftheyhadnobrakes.Nissan ignored it. They ignored it. Itwas reckless because they knew that eventually,oneofthesesituationsthattheywerebeingtoldaboutwasgoingtokill.Andkillitdid.Now,the lawallowsdefendantstocomeintocourtroomsandhavetheirday incourt.Theyallowcriminaldefendants,civildefendants,individuals,corporations,theyallhavetherightofdefense.Nissanhashadmorethantheiropportunityinthiscasetoputonadefense. They have spared no cost. They have said every possible thing -- they haveblamedeverypossiblepersontheycanblameotherthanacceptinganyresponsibilityforthemselves,andattheendoftheday,thatdoesnotgetthemoff.Itdoesnotgetthemoff.Solet'stalkaboutwhatthiscaseisabout.Thiscaseisreallyaboutansweringthesimplequestionsthatthelawrequiresustoanswerinthislawsuit.Andyou'regoingtobegivenaverdictformwithquestionsonitthatyouarebeingaskedtoanswerbasedupontheevidenceinthiscase.Now,thewordverdict,itmakesmethinkbacktolawschool.Verdict.It'saLatinword,and,youknow,itmeanstospeakthetruth.And,ofcourse,ver,truth;anddictordictameanstospeak.Andyourverdictwillbewrittendownonthisform,andyouhavetheright,youhavetherighttouseyourcommonsense.Youhaveeveryrightintheworld,youhaveevaluatedtheevidenceinthiscase,includingthewitnesses.Whodoyoufeellike has told you straight and who do you feel like has bobbed and weaved andattemptedtoavoidansweringthequestion?Youhavetherighttodoall thosethings.Youhavethepower.Sowhatdoesthelawwantustotellthetruthaboutinthiscase?Well,let'sstartwithaquestionthatisintheverdictform.ItisnotQuestionNo.1.ItisactuallyQuestionNo.14.Butitencapsulatesalotofdifferentpartsofthiscase.Sowe'llstartthere.DidNissanengageintheconductallegedbyHilarioCruz,AraceliMendez,andSolomonMathenge with malice, oppression, or fraud. Now, I obviously represent Hilario andAraceli.That'swhoIrepresent.Andwhenittalksaboutintheconductalleged,whatitmeansiswhetherNissanwasnegligentinfailingtorecallthesevehiclesand/orwhetherNissan'sproduct, thebrake systemof this car,wasdefectiveandunreasonablydangerous.We'regoingtotalkaboutthoseinalittlebitofdetailhereshortly.ButinevaluatingtheconductofNissan,thequestionissimple.Didtheyknow.Didtheyknow.Andtheanswerisyes.Andhowdoweknowthattheyknew?Becauseoftheevidenceinthiscase.




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Butwe'vegottounderstandwhatmalicemeansfirst,right?It'soneofthethings,theprerequisitesindiscussingwhethertheyactedwithmalice.Andthefocalpointismalicemeansitcouldbethattheyactedwithintenttocauseinjury. I'mheretotellyouthatthat'snotwhatwe'realleging.Okay?But it says or that Nissan's conduct was despicable and was done with a willful andknowingdisregardoftherightsorsafetyofanother.Disregardoftherightsorsafetyofanother.Apersonactswithknowingdisregardwhenheorsheisawareoftheprobabledangerous consequences of his or her conduct and deliberately fails to avoid thoseconsequences.Did Nissan know that this brake system was causing dangerous situations? Did theyknow?Anddidtheyunderstandthatwhenyou'retalkingaboutthebrakesinacar,werethereprobabledangerousconsequencesthatcouldresultindeath.Didtheyknow?Yes,theyknew.TheotherquestionthatpertainstothistopiciswastheconductallegedbyHilarioCruz,Araceli Mendez, and Solomon Mathenge constituting malice, oppression, or fraudcommitted by one or more of the officers, directors, or managing agents of NissanactingonbehalfofNissan?Theanswerisyes.Mr. Yakushiwas the director of product safety in theUnited States for NissanNorthAmerica.Andwe'regoingtogettohimhereinaminute.Solet'sbeginbeforethecarswereeverevenputoutintothepublic,beforestartofproduction.NissannevertestedthesevehiclesinC1179atallbeforetheywereinjectedintothestreamofcommerceinourcountry.Notonce.NotwithaC1179.Notforhumanresponse,notforstopping,notforanything.ZerotestingbeforethestartofproductioninC1179.Sothenwegettothestartofproductionin2004through2006.Inthefirst25months,Nissan received complaints specifying the words brake pedal to the floor on 422differentoccasions.422in24months.25months,excuseme.2004to2006timeframe.Customercomplaintscontinuetopileup.Rememberthecourtemail?We'veseenitafewtimes.I'mnotgoingbackthroughit.ThedealerfromDallaswho saidwegot todo somethingabout this. Somebody'sgoing togethurt.And thatincludedMs.Leiser.Youheardfromhertoo.Yourememberweplayedherdeposition,whereshesaidsheranthroughstopsignsbecausehercarwouldn'tstop.Felt likethebrakepedalwenttothefloor.

So they called together the vital issues committee. knowswhat that is now.The vitalissues committee the situation. They never as far, as I can tell, in C1179 during thistimeframe.Theywentoutandsomevehiclesandtriedtoreplicatewhatpeople




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Everybody�evaluated�tested it�looked at�were saying happened, but they never didanytesting.Whetheritwasforhumanresponse,orotherwiseforthatmatter,stoppingabilityoranythingofthesort.And in the vital issues committee folders with all of the information were thesecustomer complaints, and they say we considered. But customer complaints are justthat.Theyarejustcomplaints.Theyarenottechnicalpeople.Theysaid.Sowhattheyultimatelydidistheydidacoststudy.RememberLewisLawson?Now,it'snot really my place, because you have the right to evaluate a witness's veracity todetermine whether they were truthful or whether they appeared to be, you know,bobbing andweaving. Inmyopinion,�Mr. Lawsonwas a very crediblewitness. That'sjustmyopinion.Youcantakeitforhoweveryouwanttotakeit.ButheworkedatNissanatthetime,andhewasinvolvedinthecoststudy,andoneofthe things that hediscussedwas the cost study that pertains to the 2006 vital issuescommittee. And the cost studywas shortly after a cost reduction initiative fromCEOGhosn.Now,CSOGhosn,asIunderstandit,wastheCEOofNissan,bigNissan,Andthatthiscostreductioninitiativewasshortlybeforethetimeframewherethiswasalltakingplace. That'swhathe testified to.�Now,how that plays in,what I can tell you is thatultimatelywhatNissanelectedtodowasnottorecallthevehicles,butinsteadtodoaTechnicalServiceBulletin.AndIknowyou'veheardthis.We'rejustgoingbackthroughit briefly. The software fix addressed offset monitoring conditions, the 3A.1 per Mr.Lawson.That'swhathesaid.That'swhathetestifiedto.Soultimately,Nissanelects,inMayof2006,torefusetorecallthevehiclesdespitetheinformation that they had at their disposal, despite the information that cars wererunningstopsignsandredlights,brakepedalsweregoingtothefloor,andtheytriedtoreprogramsomeofthecars.TheproblemwastheywantedtoreprogramthecarsonlyaftertheyhadhadtheOHBissue. And actually, more specifically, the C1179 issue. In other words, Nissanintentionallydesigned it so that theywouldonly fix the carsafter somebodyhad thisexperience.Andyou'veheardfromthepeoplewhohadtheexperiences.Itsayshere,infact, the dealers were notified of this onMay 12th of 2006 onwhat to do. And thedealerships, somebody brings the car in. They tell their dealer I have this issue, thebrakepedalshakingorwhateverthecasemaybe,ittalksaboutinhere.Andthentheydownloadthecomputer.




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Ifthere'saC1179,onlythenwilltheyreprogramthecar.Andthat's-- infact, itsaysifDTCC1179isstored,reprogramtheVDCcontrolunit.DTCC1179mustbestoredorthisbulletindoesnotapply.Inotherwords, if itdoesn'thavea1179,don'tdoanything to it. Theyare forbidden.That's what they tell the dealers. Must be being stored. I think you remember Mr.Blenkarn,theNissancorporaterepresentative,whenhewasaskedaboutthis.Weaskedhim,wesaidisthisapassivewaytoattempttoremediateanissueonbehalfofNissan?And he said yes. And we asked him well, was there anything active that you did toattempttoremediateordealwiththis issue, likearecall, frankly,orevenacustomerservicecampaignthathassomelevelofactivitytoit,eitherone?Andtheanswerwasno.Sowerollrightalongto2008and2009.Customercomplaintscontinuetopileup.The2008 -- and it's not really the title. It's a vital issues committee. The vital issuescommittee is actually called back together in 2008. And before the vital issuescommitteemeets,thereisarequestforasafetyassessment.AndIknowwe'vetalkedaboutthesafetyassessment.Butwhat'sinterestingaboutthesafetyassessmentinthisparticularcaseisthatasMr.Blenkarn told us, a safety assessment is a full engineering analysis to investigate apotential safety issue.AndNissan, for someunbeknownst reason, elected toperformthesafetyassessmentinJapaninlieuofintheUnitedStates,whichIsupposewouldbetheirprerogativebecausetheycandothatiftheychoose.Theproblemisthattheresultsaremissing.That'stheproblem.Nobodytothisdayhaseverseentheresultsfromthissafetyassessment.AndIguessitbegsthequestion.Thisisaquestion.WasthisNissan'sfirsteverattempttotestthecarwithC1179?Wemayneverknow.Wemayneverknow.Wearen'tgoingtoknowforpurposesofthistrial, Icantellyouthat.Butit'sgone.But the law is good. The law is good. And there are different laws for differentcircumstances.Here'sthesafetyassessmentwhereitdiscussesOHBsafetyassessmentforX61-A.2/29/2008,Nissanwantstoconductthesafetyassessmentfordelta-Sfailureconditionson thevehicle.OHB. I think thequestionmarksarewhen it converts fromJapanesetoEnglish,frankly.SotherewouldhavebeensomethinginJapanese.SothevitalissuecommitteemeetsonMarch5thof2008.That'sonlyaweeklaterthatthevitalissuescommitteemeetsaftertheyputinthisorderforthesafetyassessment.Andthevitalissuescommitteein2008,oneofthemembersofthecommitteewasMr.Treadwell.Yourememberhim,hewasanotherNissanexecutive?Well,hewasanotherNissanemployeewhocametospeakonbehalfofthecompany.Andwhatdidhesay?"Ikepttheminutesforallofthesemeetingsinthevitalissuescommittee,andIputthem




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inbinders,andIputtheminmyoffice,andthenIretired,andnowtheyaregone.Andnobodycanfindthem."Atleastthat'swhattheysay.Theyarejustmissing.SoIdon'treallyknowexactlywhattheywouldhavesaid,buthere'swhattheonepieceofpaperthatwewereabletouncoversays.ItsaysX61delta-strokesensoriswhatit'sabout.It'smeetingnumberone.I'massumingthatitmeantthattherewasatleastsomelevelofintentionformorethanonemeeting,butthatwasallthatweknowabout.Fouraccidents.Tothefloorpedal.Doweunderstandtheactualsituation?Theonepieceofpaperwehavetellsusthat inMarchof2008,theyarenotsuretheyunderstand what's going on with these cars. They are not sure they understand thesituation,astheyputit.Soyouwouldthinkthatthatwouldbegetadditionalquestions.Youwouldthinkthatwouldbegetadditional investigation.Butasfaraswecantell, itdoesn't.Wecanonlypresumethatin2008,ifacoststudyhadbeenperformed,youheardMr.Banks.Rememberhim?Thefellowwhocameinandtestifiedlivewhohadissueswithhiscar,hiswife.Hepaid$1,100outofhisownpockettohavehiscarrepairedforthisissue--MR. KLEIN: Your Honor, I object to the number. There's no evidence to support thebottomnumber.THE COURT:Well, I'm going to let the jury determine that.What lawyers say is notevidence.YourelyupontheevidenceasIdescribedittoyou.Soifthere'ssomebasisfor263,000vehicles,I'llletyoufigurethatout.Okay?Continueon.MR.TURNBULL:Thankyou,Judge.Sowecanonlypresume,havingdonethecoststudy in2006,perhapsthere'sanothercoststudydone.Andwhatweretheylookingat?Whatwouldtheyhaveseeniftheyhaddone it then? $1,100 a car. 260,000 X-6-1 A vehicles. That would come out to$289,300,000.Okay?Now,there'snotadocumentthatsaysthis. I'mtellingyourightnow.We'rehavingtoextrapolatefromthematerialsthatwedo--theinformationwedohave.That'safact.But289,300,000andweknow--excuseme.Thatpeoplewouldn'thavebrought inall100percentofeveryvehicleintheeventthatarecallhadbeendone.Sowith80percentofthose,itcomesto�$231million.ThequestioniswhatwasNissanlookingatwhentheyweremakingdecisions in2008,andwhydidn't theyrecall these




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cars? That's the question. We know what Mr. Yakushi says. You all remember Mr.Yakushi.(VIDEOPLAYEDASFOLLOWS:)Q.IsitpossibleforNissantomakeanunsafedesigndecision?A.No.Ibelievethecompanymakestherightsafetydesigndecisions.Q.Inyourroleasdirectorofproductsafetybetween2003and2011,didyoueverquestionadesigndecisionforsafetyissues?A.Inearlydevelopmentofavehiclesafetysystem,therearemanydifferentiterations.So there are always going to be questions about the particular performance of thesystem. But ultimately, that system would be proven out and validated and thenintroduced.Sointhefinalproduct,Ineverhadanyquestionslikethat.Q.Soyou'veneverquestionedadesigndecisionfromaproductsafetystandpoint?A.No.Q. Do you recall customer reports of their pedal going to the floor in OHB modefollowingaC1179event?UNIDENTIFIEDSPEAKER:Sameobjections.A.Ibelievetherewerecustomercomplaintsthatdidsaysomethingaboutpedaltothefloororverylongpedaltravel,butIdon'trecallspecifically.Q.Didyouconsiderthecustomer'sperceptionsofthevehicleoperation inOHBmodefollowingaC1179event?�A.Iwouldhavetoanswerthatasno.Andthereasonforthatisthatthevehicle,onceitoperatedinOHBmode,wasperformingasitwasdesignedto.Inthatithadbrakingcapability.(ENDOFVIDEOEXCERPT.)MR.TURNBULL:Itwasperformingasitwasdesignedto.Itmusthavebrakingcapability.Iguessthat'swhattheysaywasthereasonthattheydidn'trecallit.Theysaythattheyclosedtheirfileshortlyafterthatvitalissuescommitteemeetingwheretheysaydowe




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understandwhat'sgoingonhere.There'sjustnothingelse.It'sjustclosed.That'swhatMr.Blenkarnsaid.Weclosedourinvestigation.Thatwastheendofit.�Soifit'snotasafetyissue,thesearethequestions.ThenwhytrytocorrectitwiththeTSBandthesoftwareintheTSBifit'snotanissue?Performanceissue,okay.Ifyousaythecarstops,thenwhywouldyoutrytocorrectit?Number 2, why would you perform a safety assessment accident, a full engineeringanalysisin2008that'sforthepurposeofdeterminingwhetherthere'sasafety-relatedissueonthecar?Ifit'snotasafetyissue,thenwhywouldyoubedoingthat?And then No. 3, I'm not even going to show the email again. You've seen it enoughtimes.Why didMr. Yakushi feel it necessary to head off our governmentwhen theycame calling about this issue? Why? It doesn't stand to reason. Their explanationdoesn'taddup.But becausewe'remissing some things here, including the safety assessment results,theminutesfromthe2008vital issuescommittee,the law isgood,andthat'swhere Iwas headed earlier. Willful suppression of evidence. You may consider whether onepartyintentionallyconcealedordestroyedevidence.If youdecide thatapartydid so,youmaydecide that theevidencewouldhavebeenunfavorable to that party. Sowhat itmeans is you have the right to determine thatbecausetherearenosafetyassessmentresults,theywereveryunfavorableforNissan,andthatitprovedthatNissanknewthatthisissuewasasafety-relatedissueandthatitwas serious. Youhave that right.�Onceagain, I'mnot sopresumptuousas to tell youwhatyouhavetodo,butyouhavetherightunderthelaw.Soitbringsusinconclusionofthatpart,itisthis.Didtheyconsciouslydisregardthesafetyandthelivesofothers?Theanswerisyes.Sonowwemoveon toQuestion2.Did thebenefitsof thedesignof the2004 InfinitiQX56'sbrakingsystemoutweightherisksofthedesign?Didthebenefitsoutweightherisks? In other words, did the benefits that OHB would have provided outweigh thedangerassociatedwithOHBwhenever itactuallywent intoOHBmode?Theanswer isno.Theanswerisno.Theysaythattherewasanintentforabenefit.Isupposeiftherewerevacuumfailure,then itwouldpotentiallygiveyoubackupbraking.But letmeaskyouthis.HowmuchevidencehaveweheardwhereOHBactuallybenefitedsomeoneinthistrial?WhereitactuallybecamenecessaryandwentintoOHBmode,andasaresult,someonesaysthat




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helped me. Zero. Of course, the risks speak for themselves. The risks speak forthemselves.SotheanswertoNo.2isno.Number3,wasNissannegligent in failingtorecall the2004 InfinitiQX56?Look, thereare severalmoreparts to that. There are parts that talk aboutwhether a reasonablemanufacturer under the same or similar circumstances would have recalled the car.Thoseareallthingsthatyougettoconsideranddecide.I'llsubmittoyouthatwhenyouconsiderthetypeofevidencethatNissanhadinitsfilecabinets at the time that it made decisions in 2006 and 2008, that a reasonablemanufacturerwouldhaverecalledthevehicle.Theanswerisyes.Andthisgoesbacktothatpoint.AsfaraswhatNissanknew,whatNissanknewbythetime2012rolledaround,andIknowwetalkedabout'06and'08,becausethat'swhentheywereinvestigatingthismatterandclosedtheirfile,butreally,allthewayupuntilthiswreck,hadtheyrecalledthevehicle,itwouldhavebeenbetterthannot,okay?Until 2012, 37,184 warranty claims. Brake pedal to the floor, 4,527 different timesNissanhastoldthewords,therearefiveofthem.Icountedthemthismorning.Brakepedaltothefloor.That'sthespecificlanguagethatwasused.Now,obviously,theydidnotreprogramMr.Mathenge'sQX56.Iwanttogobacktothisforonelastsecond.Andthisisimportant.InorderforNo.3tobeayes,wehave tohaveano inNo.2.That's theway itworks.Becauseoneof theelements of No. 3 in terms of the negligent failure to recall is that there was adangerous--thatthevehiclecontainedadefect.Allright?AndNo.2,no.Becausethebenefits of the design did not outweigh the risk. That is in essence theway that youestablish defect in this case. Okay? Now we get to the part where we talk aboutcausation,causation,substantialfactor.QuestionNo.1.Andwe'regoingtoputthemallinordersoitwillbeclearinaminute.Ihatetobouncearound, but No. 1, was the design of the 2004 Infiniti QX56's braking system asubstantial factor in causing harm to Hilario Cruz, Araceli Mendez, and SolomonMathenge?Wasitasubstantialfactor.Theanswerisyes.Howdoweknow?Firstofall,what'sasubstantial factor?Asubstantial factor incausingharmisa factorthata reasonablepersonwouldconsider tohavecontributed to theharm. Itmustbemorethanaremoteortrivialfactor.Itdoesnothavetobetheonlycauseoftheharm.Asubstantialfactor.WasthedesignofthebrakesystemintheOHBstrategyandC1179a substantial factor in the deaths of Saida, Hilda, and Stephanie. That's the question.Andtheanswerisyes.




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And how do we know? Because of the code, in part. Mr. Mathenge's vehicle had aC1179 code in the EEPROM. 3A.1 subset, sub fault. It was in there. It was in thecomputer.Yes,thatcodecangetsethistorically.That'strue.Allright?Butwewentoutandfoundthe other owners and brought them in. They testified. October of 2004 untilMay of2006.Mr.Bhakta,rememberhim?Nobrakeproblems,noC1179.Folks,hewastakinghis car into dealerships during this timeframe. He justwouldn't havementioned it? Imean,he'stakingitintodealersforotherservice.ThenwehaveMr.Rohrer.PlayedfortheCowboys.Rememberhim?PurchaseditinJuneof'06,droveituntilJulyof2012.NoC1179,nobrakeproblems.HetoowastakingthecarinforservicetoInfinitidealerships.�Theonlypersonwhohaseverclaimedtohaveabrakeproblemwith thiscarwasSolomonMathenge.AndthatwasonAugust29thof2012.Theonlyperson.Warrantyhistory.Talkingaboutbringingit intothedealership.Therearetwodifferentreasonsthatthesedealership--thesewarrantydocumentswherethisInfinitiwastakenintodealersforservicewereimportant.Number1wasbecauseofwhatwejusttalkedabout.IftherehadbeenaC1179,don'tyouthinksomebodywouldhavebroughtitupandtheycouldhavedownloadeditandbroughtitin?ButNo.2, justas importantly, is that itprovestherewasampleopportunityonsevendifferentoccasionsaftertheTSBforthiscartohavebeenfixed.Ifithadn'tbeenaTSBandithadbeenarecall,thedealerscouldhavefixedit.Wouldhavefixeditatanyofthetimesthatitwasbroughtin.Look,5/5/16,4/2/07,8/1/06,8/13/08,12/1/08,3/10/09.January12thof2012.Anotheropportunity.Thesameyearinwhichfamilywaskilled.And even defense expertMr. Leaphart, even he agrees that the C1179 codewas setsometimebeforethecollision.�Allthisdiscussionaboutitpossiblyhavingbeensetafterthecollision,eventhisexpert,eventhedefenseexpertagreesthat itwasbefore.AndthenheadmitsonthestandoncrossthathecannotruleoutthattheC1179,3A.1code,hecannotruleoutthatitwasonthedateoftheincident,August29thof2012.AndyouheardfromDr.K.Andwhatdidhesay?HesaidonceC1179beginstohappen,becauseofthewaythattheoffsetmonitoringis,itcontinuestohappenuntilit'sfixed.Now,thepointI'mtryingtomakeisthis:AtsomepointthiscarobviouslyhadaC1179.TheonlypersonwhoclaimstohaveabrakeproblemwasSolomonMathenge.Wehavealltherecords.Wehavealltheowners. Is itasubstantialfactor?Is itmorelikelytruethannottrue?Absolutely.Absolutely.




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Solet'sgobackinsummarybecauseIknowthatyouhaveyourverdict--you'llhaveaverdictform.We'vebouncedaroundalittlebit.Number1,wasthedesignofthe2004QX56 braking system a substantial factor in causing harm to Hilario, Araceli, andMathenge? Yes. Number 1 is yes. Did the benefits of the design of the 2004 InfinitiQX56'sbrakingsystemoutweightherisks?No.WasNissannegligentinfailingtorecalltheQX56?Yes.WasNissan'snegligenceinfailingtorecalltheQX56asubstantialfactorincausingharmtoHilario,Araceli,andMathenge?Yes.Yes,no,yes,yes.Andthenwegetto14and15.DidNissanengage inconduct-- intheconductallegedwith malice, oppression, or fraud? Yes. And did their managing agents know? Mr.Yakushiwasthedirectorofproductsafety.Theanswerisyes.Allright.Thattakesustosurvivorshipclaims.What'sthat?Survivorshipclaim,andofcourse,thejudgeinstructsyouonthelaw.I'mjusttellingyou,paraphrasing,okay?Thesurvivorshipclaims,rememberhowwehadthecoroner come in early in the case and testify, and there were questions asked, andfrankly,wehatedtodoit,butwehadtoestablishthateveryonelivedforatleastalittlebit,justatall,likealittlebit.Thatitwasn'tinstantaneous.Thereasonforthatisbecausethere are survivorship claims and there are wrongful death claims, and they areseparate.Separatetypesofclaims.Andwiththemcomeseparatetypesofdamagesthatareallowableunderthelaw,okay?Sothesesurvivorshipclaimsareimportant.Theyareimportantforlegalreasons.AndIwillleaveitatthat.ButwhatIwilltellyouisthatasurvivorshipclaimhascertaintypesof damages that go alongwith it. And look, I knowwhen the judgewas reading theinstructions,whenhewastalkingabouttheclothes,Iknowyouwerewonderingwhatintheworld?Whathasthatgottodowiththis?Iknowyouwerewondering.All I will tell you is that it is important that some allocation, totally within yourdiscretion, be put forward for a damage amount for the clothes because it has legalramifications,okay?Andithastodowiththesurvivorshipclaimsforthetwolittlegirls.Allright?Sowith that, No. 8, what amount, if any, did Hilario Cruz, as successor to Hilda andStephanie, incur in economic damage as a result of the 2012 crash and prior to thedeaths of Hilda and Stephanie? Look, it's the clothes off their back literally. But it isimportantfromalegalperspectivethatthosedamagesbereturned.That'sallIcansay,okay?




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Number9.Now,alittledifferentsituation,obviously,withSaida,okay?Becauseshewasanadult.SoyourememberDr.Johnsoncameintotestifyaboutsomeofthediscussionabout film supportand thingsof thatnature. Look,onceagain, this case reallyat theendof theday is not about these amounts. It's not. This is about theharms and thelosses associated with these deaths. It is. But it's important that these economicdamagesbeconsideredforlegalreasons.Wehavefuturefinancialsupport.Dr.Johnsoncameinandsaidthatthepresentvalueofthatnumber,asitpertainsspecificallytoAraceli,wouldhavebeen$109,000.Okay?Andlook,pastlossesorgifts,futurelossofgifts,youjustdecidewhatyouwouldliketoputthere.Absolutely, totallyup to you.And then, finally, futurehousehold services. Thattoo was a number that Dr. Johnson brought to present value, okay? And it was the299,735number.Okay?Sothosearetheeconomicdamagesassociated.Andthenwe'rebacktothesamething.It'simportant.Saida,literallytheclothesoffherback.Literally.Thesamediscussionforthat.All right. So nowwe get to the part, thewrongful death claims.And I know that thejudgehasreadyouthelaw,butbrieflyspeaking,thelossofSaida,Hilda,andStephanie'slove,companionship,comfort,care,assistance,protection,affection,society,andmoralsupport.Andthen,asitpertainstoAraceli,forhermother,losinghermother,thelossofSaida'strainingandguidance.There'snofixednumberthatisassociatedwiththesedamages,theseharmsandlosses.It'sa fact,youknow,andoftentimes it canbekindofdifficultbecauseno reasonablehumanbeingwouldexchangemoneywillingly for their family.Weall know that. Youknow. So before this all took place, I went to Araceli and Hilario, and I said as yourlawyer,asacounselor,Ihaveanobligationtoaskthejuryforafigureasitpertainstothe damages in this case. And they said Brett, we're really not interested in talkingaboutthat.Whatwereallywantisourfamilyback.I thought about it. And I said look, you know, obviously, that would require perfectjustice.Perfectjustice.Itwouldrequirethetypeofjusticethat,youknow,wheretheywalkinthedoor,HildaandStephanieandSaida.Theyreunitewiththeirfamily.Butweallknowthatwecan'tdothat.Weallknowthat.Youcan'tspintheearthbackonitsaxis.Can'tbedone.This isthebestwegot. It'sthebestmeasurewe'vegot. It'stheonlymeasurewehave.Youknow,insomepartsoftheworld,it'saneyeforaneye.And once the case is proven, then, you know, theoretically the executives of NissanwouldhavetheirwivesandchildrentakenawaysotheycanunderstandthetypeofpainthattheyhaveinflicteduponHilarioCruzandAraceli.




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Butweknowwe'renotgoingtodothateitherbecauseit'sacivilizedsociety.Andthebestthingwecanpossiblyhaveismoneyandcompensationinexchangefortheharmsandthesufferingandthelosses.So after they toldme that, they said look, youare going tohave to figure thatout. Idon'tknow.AndIunderstand.Sothat'swhatIdid.AndIthoughtaboutit,andIthoughtaboutit.Andfinallyoneday,itoccurredtomethatreallythatnumberwasestablishedby Nissan back when they made the decision to exchange no recall and the profitsassociatedthattheywereabletokeepforwhatwereinevitabledeaths.Justamatterofwhoandwhen.And that'swhere thenumber comes from that Iwith you inopeningstatement.�MR.KLEIN:YourHonor,thisisimproperargument.THECOURT:Iagree.Whatdoyouwantmetodoaboutit?MR.KLEIN:Movetostrike.THECOURT:Okay.I'mgoingtomovetostrikethisapproachtotheclaimeddamagesofwhere$231millioncomefrom.Justfollowmyinstructions,okay?ThatnumbercannotbeusedtopunishortodeterordoanythingtoNissan.Youhavetofigureoutwhat'sareasonableamounttocompensateAraceliandHilarioCruzforthelossestheysufferedasIdefinedthem.Youcouldendupat231millionifyouthinkthat'sappropriateundertheevidence.Butusingthisapproach,sayingthisiswhatNissanwouldhavesaved,that'snotappropriate. That's not an appropriate way to approach it. You could find a biggernumber.Youcouldfindalowernumber.ButIdon'tthinkthat'stheappropriateapproach.Solet'sjustmoveon.�MR.TURNBULL:Understood.Thevalueaswe�inopeningstatement, thevalueof thehuman�andthelossesis77millionperdeath.That'sthediscussedsufferingvalue.Theevidencehasclearlyestablishedthatthatisthevalue.Nottheprice,butthevalue.Thejudgeobviouslyisahundredpercentright.Youhavetheright,youimplicitlyhavetherighttodeterminewhetherthatistoohigh,toolow.Itisultimatelyatyourdiscretion,butIwillsubmittoyouthatisthevalueinthiscase.Solet'stalkforasecond,ifwemight,aboutwhatthiscaseisnotabout.It'snotabout--you'renotgoingtohearuscomeinhereandstandhere,Jerome,me,Ryan,anyofus




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andcallNissannames.We'renotgoingtodothat.We'renotgoingto--we'renotevenherestandingagainsttheautomotiveindustry.We'renotherestandingagainstNissanperseasacompany.We'reherestandingupandaskingthatNissanbeheldaccountable,accountable.Andwithaccountabilitycomesconsequences.It'snodifferentthanourchildreninthesensethat,youknow,weobviouslyholdthemaccountable.Thereareconsequences,andtheyare better for it, and as a result, theymake our community a better place. And, youknow,it'sreallynodifferentforNissanbecauseit'snotthattheyaregoingtobewrongevery time. But they need to be held accountable for this time. And that's what it'sabout.Andthentheycanmakeprofits,andtheycanbe--peoplewillbesafe,andwecantrustthattheyaregoingtodowhattheyaresupposedtodo,anditwillbeagoodthing.Itwillbeagoodthing.ButwhatdoesNissanwanttomakethiscaseabout?Nissansaysunconscionablespeed.72miles an hour. That's an oddword, unconscionable. But it's unconscionable, eventhough there were four people who were out there that day: Mr. Mathenge, JodyJohnson,DavidDevore,andGailDraper.All fourof themsaid itwasbetween40and50,�onwhichoneyouask,okay?Notliterallywhichsomesaid50,somesaid45,somesaid40.40to50.saiditwas47to48,46,47.Sothat'sfiveAnd thenoverhere isMr. Levitt, thedefenseexpert,whoultimately is paid a couplehundredthousanddollarstodoalltheworkthathe'sdoneinthiscasebyNissan.Andhowdidhegetto72milesperhour?Kindofgobackandunwindthatalittlebit.Well,firstofall,hewashiredinJuneof2015.Andaswediscussedwithhim,hisbillingindicatesthathebegantocompileinformationlikehewouldnormallydo,andthenhebegantheprocessofwhatIwouldconsidertobeacustomaryaccidentreconstruction.Heusedgovernmenttestingforthestiffnessofthevehicles.Hedidhandcalculationstodeterminethemomentumandthespeeds.Hedidthecomputerrunsthatheclaimedtohave worked for the fellow who designed it. So I guess that kind of makes him agodfatherinthoseSMACandcrashrunstuff.Okay.Andtheninexplicably,hetookallofthatinformationthathehaddone,andheadmitsthathethrew itawayorhedidn'thave itanymore. Idon't rememberhisexactword.But it was useless to him. So then he does a SMAC run at 45 miles per hour topresumablysetuphiscrashtest.Yourememberhetoldusthewayhesetthecrashtestupwasheusedthecomputerprogramtogetthere.AndinthatSMACrunheadmittedthatheusedapolewidthforthepolethatthevanhitof28inches.Andhedidn'treallyhavemuchofanexplanationastowhy.Hejustsaidthat'swhattheyused.AndIthinkthatheagreedthatitwasincorrect.




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Youknow,theproblemwiththepolewidthbeing�28inchesisthatyou'regoingtogetalotdifferentcrush.You'regoingtoget lesscrushat45milesperhour.Andrememberwhathesaid.Wedidn'tgetenoughcrushat45milesperhour,right?Soitmusthavebeentoolittleenergy.Now,hetakesthisSMACrun,andthenhegoesandsetsuphistwocrashtestsoutatExponent.Thefirstcrashtesthehitsthesideofthevanlikewhathappenedintherealcrash,okay?Hemisses ita littlebit,buthere'sthething. IrealizethatMr.MeyerandMr.Levitt,theygotintoit,youknow,thedoorisoverthere,right?Thisisthewholein-fightingonthatdeal.But I'm lookingat it,and I'mthinkingwhyarewereallyworriedaboutthis?BecauseMr.Levittadmitsthatthedamageinthecrashtestandtheactualdamageintherealcrashisalmostidentical.Herana40--Ithinkhesaid46-miles-per-hourcrashtest,andlookatthis.All three lines --now, thesubjectvanhad thedoors rippedoff.Noquestionabout it.Looksterrible.Iknowthat.I'mnothidingfromthat.Ithadthedoorsrippedoff.TheBpillar in between the two doors is bowed out. That isn't from damage. That's fromsomebodyrippingthedoorsoffwiththeJawsofLife.MR.KLEIN:Excuseme.There'snoevidenceofthat.THECOURT:It'sfair.It'shiscommentsontheevidence.Overruled.MR.TURNBULL:Attheendoftheday,we'reallfightingaboutthisfirstcrashtest--theexpertsareanyway.Ikindofwonderwhy.Andwehavethesamehitat46.Hesaysit's72.Ican'tfigurethatout.Okay?Sothenhetakes,afterCrashTest1,hegoesanddoesCrashTest2.Butfirsthehaddonethis.Yourememberthis?Thiswastheplacewhereheadmitshe'sdoinghis--Ithinkhegotaskedifitwasacartoon,andhekindofownedup,no,notacartoon.This is thereal thing.Weputa lotmore into it than if itwouldhavebeenacartoon.Andthat'swherehegetstherollangleinthistest.Butthatisn'ttherollanglethatheusedinhistest.Thatisn'ttherollangleheused.I'mgoingtoberealupfrontandtellyouI'mnotsureheusedtherollanglehe used.He said itwas froma SMAC run. It doesn'tmatch it. I don't know.Maybe Imadeamistakeinnotaskingmorequestionsaboutthat.ButthebottomlineisIdon'tknowwherehegotthat.Idon'tknow.Iknowitisn'tthesame. These areMr.Meyer's. Remember? This iswhatwe allege that the crash testlookedlike.Thisiswhattherealvanlookedlike.Itchangesthingsentirely.Youinvolvesomuchmoreofthesoftstructuresofthecar,theupper,theheader,andtheroof,that




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yeah,it'sgoingtocrushmore.Themoreyourollitovertohitthepole,absolutely.Andthentogetto72milesanhour,heuseda30-inchpoleagain.Andthenhetookallhisdatafromhiscrashtestandpluggeditintothe72-mile-an-hourSMACrunusingthe30-inchpole,andyeah,itdidn'tlookright.Ofcourse,itdidn't.LastthingishehitsitontheCpillarinthecrashtest.Ican'ttellyouwhy--hisanswertomeaboutwhethertheCpillarversusbehindtheCpillarareentirelydifferentintermsofstructuralstrength.Idon'trememberexactlywhatitwas,butI'mjusttellingyouthathittingitrighthere,Imean,itliterallypulleditallthatway.That'swhereyougetallthis.Imean,it'sbasicallysheetmetaluphere.Sothenhetakesthese,putsinhere,andvoilà,72milesperhour.Now,haveyouallaskedthesamequestionIhave?Ifyouwanttodoacrashtest,whywouldyourunitat45ifyouthinkithappenedat72?Youknowwhy?Becauseitrippedthevaninhalf.That'swhy.Nissan says we don't need to consult with human�We have superior engineering.Superiorengineering.Ican'tthink--IguesstothisdayMr.Young--toldusyoucandointerviews, surveys, different try and figure out how a vehicle and a human being toactually interplay and interact. To this day it factors.�You know,�Dr. Young�thingsto�aregoing�stillhavenotseenanyevidencethatNissan'sdonethat.Complaints continue to pile up. No test. And it's not just tests. There doesn't evenappeartobeanytypeofconcernaboutitasfarasIcantell.Sowhatdotheydo?Theyblamethedriver.That'swhattheydo.Thecustomers,theyarenottechnicalpeople.It'sgot tobe them.SoDr. Young comes inand saysoh,okay. Soaccidental acceleration.We'll call it sudden unintended acceleration, okay? SUA. That's the industry term.Perceivedbrake failureas vehicle accelerates. Failure todetect and correct theerror,andthenthepersonpanics.Rememberthepanicdiscussion?SoIaskedhim.Isaidwell,you'vereviewedallthematerials.You'vereviewedtheOHBdocuments. The feeling of brake pedal to the floor. Regardless ofwhether you agreewithusthatOHBcausedthebrakepedaltogotothefloorornot,wouldyouat leastagreewithmethatsomebodypushesthebrakethinkingtheyaregoingtowork,brakepedalgoestothefloor,wouldyouatleastagreewithmethatthat'sgoingtomakeapersonpanic?�Hesaysdifferentkindofpanic.Differentkindofpanic.Becauseinanacceleration,you'regoingfaster.Sothatmakesyoupanicmore.Orwell,itmakesyoupanicbecauseyou'regoingfaster.AndI'mthinkingtomyself,well,ifyougotoputthebrakesonandyou'renotstopping,youfeel likeyou'regoingfaster,right?Youfeel likeyou'regoingfasterthanyouneedtobe. Isn't thattheperception?Isn'tthatthefeel?Hetalksaboutnarrowinginpanic.Idon'tdoubtit.Brakes,accelerator.Youpanic.




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Andhere'sthething.IfMathengeencountersC1179,3A.1,hesayshisbrakepedalwenttothefloor.Thebrakesweren'tworking.Whywouldn'thepanic?Hesaidhepanicked.Isitadifferentkindofpanic?Doesthatmakeitokay?�Doesthatmakeitnotabigdeal?Ididn'tknowwhattothinkaboutthat.I'llleaveittoyou.Andthenthere'stherestofthedefenseexperts.Theysay--Nissansaysthecarstops.Infact,C1179thebrakesworkbetter.Superbrakes.Well,howdoyoucorrelatethat?Howdoyouwithallofthethings,theotherevidencethatwehave inthiscase.RememberMr.Nord,theSecretServicefellow?AndIknowtherewas awhole drove of those. And I appreciate you all bearingwith us on that.SomeofthemhadcertaincharacteristicsofthingsaboutOHBthatwereimportant,andothershadothers.So it was important for us to get an array of different people with their differentexperiences and what their different descriptions were pertaining to this anomalybeforeyou--yourememberMr.Nord.HesaidItriedtostickmyfootthroughthefloor.Hedidn'tlooklikealittleguy.Okay.Ican'treconcileheandWalker'stestimony.Idon'tknowwhatelsetotellyou.Idon'tknowwhattodo.AllIcantellyouisthattheydid150differenttests,chargedNissanoverhalfamilliondollars,butneverdiditinC1179,3A.1.Idon'tknowwhatelsetotellyou.Theyaretheoneswhodidthetests.Wejustaskedthemwhyyoudidn'tdoitin3A.1.You'retheonewhosetitup,tookahundredhourstoset the test up. Do you a reason? He said it doesn'tmatter. His explanationwaswecouldhavedoneatestanytimewewanted.I'vegot4,500peopleherethataremyhumanfactors,Ihadhumanexperts.There'snorequirementforthat.Thebottomlineisnotthatcomplicated.Thebrakesdon'twork.Ileavethattoyouandyour�soundjudgmentanddiscretionandyourcommonsense.Thebottom line isNissan'sposition in this case is that experts knowmore than theirconsumersdo.AndwhenImeanexpertsnow,theonlypeopleyouheardfrominthiscasethattheybroughtyouwerehiredexperts.TherewasnobodyfromNissan,nobodyfromNissan.Iknowthereweresomepeopleonvideothatwetookdepositionsof.Infact,theonlypeopleI'veseenhere,theyarelawyers.Sothat isultimatelyhowtheychosetodefendthiscase, isthattheyareexperts.Andwhyisthatsoimportant?It'spartiallyimportantbecausethisishow--thisiswhattheydo.TheyhadLevittgodoareconstruction.Buthegotacurveball.Hegotacurveballinthis one. He couldn't do a conventional reconstruction in this case because of thecamera. It screwed him up. He had a starting point he had to live with to get theacceleration that he needed because every time they want to hand that baton, youknow,likethe4-by-100-metertrack,right?TheanchorlegisDr.Young.He'stheanchor




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leg.Hisdogandponyshowofsubtleconfusionistheanchorleg.Butyougottogetittohim.Andtheonlywayyoucangetittohimistobuildupspeed.WhattheydidistheyhadLevittdoit,andhesaidwell,wehaveanissueherebecauseof the camera. Throw it away.Mr.Walker,will you helpme go do some testing?HedoesitinJuneof2016.Theonlytestingtheydidatthattimewastheenvelopetesting.Remembertheaccelerationasfastasyoucango?Youstartoutatacertainspeed,andMr.LevittsaidIneedtoknowhowfastthatcarcangobetweenthisspotandthatspot,andthenwhenyoutellme,thenI'llgodoacrashtest,andI'llgetthespeedweneed.Mr.Walkerwentanddidthetest,andguesswhat?What's theenvelope, lowtomid-70's. Low tomid-70's.WhenMr. Levitt goes and doeswhat I showed you, he comesback,guesswhat?70's.Becausetheygottoputthepedalonthefloor,right?See, it'sthe parallel story. It's fiction that he's pedal confused for a quartermile. Rrrrrr, rrrrr,rrrrr.It'slikephysiologically,sometimesitworks,right?ThatbatonhadtogettoDr.Youngsothat they could do the whole literature thing and make it about that. Experts overconsumers.Thethingthatbothersmethemost,asIstandheretoday,isthatthesecarsarestillontheroad.Theyarestillout there.Theyarestillout there. It'sastormthatNissanhascreated.AndI'llleaveyouwiththisstorybecausewhenIthoughtofastory,thoughtof thestory, it'sanolderman.He'sagentleman.Andhe's standingonacliffoverlookingthebeach,theocean.Andit'sthemorningafterabadstorm.He looksdownthere,andheseesthousandsofstarfish,andhethinkswhatashame.Because they are all going to die. But he sees a little girl, and she's down there, andshe'stakingthestarfish,andshe'sploppingthembackintheocean.Sohewalksdownthere,andhesays,"Younglady,whatareyoudoing?""Savingthestarfish."Andhesaid,"Whatdifferencecouldyoupossiblymake?Therearethousandsofthemouthere."Shesaid,"Iwanttomakeadifferenceforthisone.Willyouhelpme?"Soherollsuphissleevesandstartsgrabbingstarfish.Laughstohimself.Youknow, I thinkthat's theright thing.Becausemakingadifference is theright thingwhenwecan.Andwegottodosomethingaboutthesecars.Andwe'reaskingforyourhelpandyourverdict.Thankyou.�THECOURT:Thankyou,Mr.Turnbull.��

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