triage of exotic species during emergency events
DESCRIPTION
Triage of Exotic Species During Emergency Events. Javier G. Nevarez DVM, PhD [email protected] 225-578-9657. It’s all about metabolism!. Immediate Needs. Housing Food. Housing. Well ventilated Easy to clean and disinfect Escape resistant. Housing. Minimal space - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Triage of Exotic Species During Emergency
EventsJavier G. Nevarez DVM, [email protected]
225-578-9657
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It’s all about metabolism!
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Immediate NeedsHousingFood
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HousingWell ventilatedEasy to clean and disinfectEscape resistant
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HousingMinimal space
Birds: stretch wings and turn 360o
Small mammals: stand up and turn 360o
Reptiles: turn 360o ideal but not critical
Space for emergency situations is not the same as for long term housing
Can use the same transport cages
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HousingOptions
Sky kennels or similar cages Plastic boxes with lids
Work well for snakes and small reptiles Pillow cases for transporting snakes Aquariums Wire cages
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FoodMaintenance
Birds: seeds and pelleted diets
Small mammals: pelleted diets, hay, veggies
Reptiles: veggies, insects, rodents
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FoodCritical Care
Oxbow critical care: herbivore and carnivorehttp://www.oxbowanimalhealth.com
Lafeber Emeraid: herbivore, omnivore, carnivorehttp://www.lafebervet.com
Hill’s A/D or similar Pellet “smoothie”
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Birds
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Birds Higher metabolism = higher energy requirement
Should not fast > 12 hours Sensitive to extreme temperatures
Aim for 75-85oF Sensitive to environmental stressors
Maintain in quiet rooms with no predators Sensitive to inhaled substances
Diesel or gas fumes during transport, chemicals, etc… May bite
Use experienced personnel
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BirdsHousing considerations
Use “bird resistant” cages Perches Toys Secured or heavy bowls Newspaper substrate
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BirdsVery sensitive to their environmentBecome stressed easily The following non-specific clinical signs would
warrant additional veterinary evaluation: Keeping eyes closed Fluffed feathers Abnormal posture Spending more time on the floor Respiratory signs Anorexia
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BirdsZoonoses
Chlamydophila psittaci Aspergillosis Mycobacteriosis
Birds with respiratory signs, naso-ocular discharge should be isolated and examined by a veterinarian
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Small mammalsHigher metabolism = higher energy
requirement Should not fast > 12 hours
More sensitive to warm temperatures Aim for 65-85oF, <80% humidity
Less sensitive to environmental stressors Tolerate being housed with other mammals
Strong fight or flight response May injure themselves inside the cage
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Small MammalsMay develop fur matting and perianal
dermatitis in small cages due to contact with urine and feces
Diseases of Concern Heat stress Bloat/colic/ileus Diarrhea Pasteurella multocida – rabbits Mycoplasma pulmonis – rats
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Reptiles Slow metabolism = lower energy requirement
Can fast for days to months according to body condition and species Herbivores: feed daily to every other day Omnivores: feed every 2-3 days Insectivores: feed every 2-3 days Carnivores: feed once q1-2 weeks
Sensitive to low temperatures Aim for 75-95oF
Less sensitive to environmental stressors May bite, scratch, constrict, etc….
Use experienced personnel
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ReptilesHaving food available may be challengingMay have to force feed critical care dietsNeed calcium supplementation
Crushed fruit flavored TUMS
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ReptilesDiseases of Concern
Salmonella sp. ZoonoticSalmonellosis is rare in reptiles
Upper respiratory infections – snakes and chelonians
Herpes virus – chelonians Mycoplasma sp. – chelonians Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
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SummaryKnow metabolism!!!!Determine housing and nutritional
requirementsAssess general health statusAssign experienced personnelKeep species separated as much as possibleHave quarantine areaHave an expert available for consultations
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Questions?