trees, people and the built environment 1 st april 2014 dr william bird mbe ceo intelligent health...
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Trees, People and the Built Environment1st April 2014
Dr William Bird MBECEO Intelligent Health and GP
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80 seconds ago
Mankind has evolved wellIf we take an hour to equal 1000 years then four days is 100,000 years; the time from the origin of mankind to today.
4 Days ago
10 hours ago 4 hours ago 9 minutes ago
4000 yrs civilisation10,000 yrs ago
AgricultureTechnology
100,000 yrs ago
Hunter gatherers
industrialisation
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Causes of Stress and Free Radicals
People Place Purpose
Chronic Stress
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Causes of Stress and Free Radicals
People Place Purpose
Chronic Stress
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Place
“Better health and wellbeing can be achieved by promoting recreation, access, understanding and enjoyment of the natural environment. All form part of our purpose.”
Natural England (UK Government)
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Causes of Stress and Free Radicals
People Place Purpose
Chronic Stress
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© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
Maas, J.; van Dillen, S.M.E.; Verheij, R.A.; Groenewegen, P.P. Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health Place 2009, 15, 586–595.
Green Space increases social contact and the sense of “belonging” within a community
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Chronic Stress
Physical InactivitySmoking, Alcohol, Diet
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• Physical activity improves the body’s response to stress1
• Chronic stress reduces levels of physical activity2.
Physical Activity & Stress
1 Rimmele et al (2009) 2 Vitaliano P et al (2002)
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Why does Nature Make us Less Stressed?
Biophilia The direct effects of nature on the brain
Less bad thingsNoise, pollution, excess heat,
poor aesthetics
More Enjoyment Physical activity, social interaction
© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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Sedentary
Mitochondrial DNA
Reactive Oxidative Species
Anti-Oxidants
Mitochondria
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Physically Active
Mitochondrial DNA
Reactive Oxidative Species
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Anti-oxidants
Mitochondria
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People Purpose Place
Chronic StressStress Hormones
Mitochondrial damage / Inflammation
Physical InactivityAnd other poor health behaviours
Cancers Cardiovascular Diabetes DementiaAnxiety
e
Mitochondria as a key component of the stress response.Manoli et al. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol 18 No 5 2007
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No green Little green Some green More green Very green1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
Highest IncomeLinear (Highest Income)Middle IncomeLinear (Middle Income)Lowest IncomeLinear (Lowest Income)
Exposure to Green
Incid
en
ce R
ate
Rati
o
Place: Green space reduces Health Inequalities Mitchell, R. and Popham, F. (2008)
Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. The Lancet 372(9650):pp. 1655-1660.
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Key attributes to increased use of green space
• Perceived quality and safety of local green space.
• Good access to green space and lack of antisocial behaviour on the way.
Ward Thompson C, Aspinall P; Natural Environments and their Impact on Activity, Health, and Quality of Life. Applied Psychology: Health and Wellbeing, 2011, 3 (3), 230–260
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Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place
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© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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GP Park
School
Work
Street
Sport
Getting People Outdoors
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Beat the Street (Local)• Sensors placed at bus
stops, shops, schools and surgeries in Caversham (population 30,000).
• 10,000 cards distributed by: Schools, GPs, Work.
• Aim to walk or cycle around the world (twice)over 3 months
• More walking the more books donated to schools
• Spot prize every week• School leaderboard
© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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Beat the Street (Local)
250,0000 swipes50,000 miles walked / cycled
£6000 raised for books20% of whole population
participatingAll schools, all GPs, most businesses participated
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© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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Reasons to take part in Beat the Street
© 2012 Intelligent Health
Winning points for Caversham or a school
Having fun
Getting more exercise for myself or my family
Doing something positive for my health / losing weight
Travelling in a more environmentally friendly way
The possibility of winning a prize / competing
Spending more time with family and friends
Getting children involved / encouraging good habits
Saving money on travel
Helping local education / schools / libraries
Easy to do / would be walking anyway
Taking part in a local community activity
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
86%
52%
45%
30%
19%
18%
18%
7%
4%
3%
3%
1%
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© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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© 2012 Intelligent Health/NHS London
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The Health principles of Green Space
• Natural Green Space is fundamental to health and the prevention of disease.
• Place influences social connections and activity levels that in turn influence resilience.
• Make Green Space accessible safe and cared for. It all counts.
• Providing a positive outdoor experience is an essential first step.
© 2013 Intelligent Health