trb/apta 2004 bus rapid transit conference when is brt the best option? the best option? 1:30 –...
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TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
When is BRTWhen is BRT the Best Option?the Best Option?
1:30 – 2:40 p.m.1:30 – 2:40 p.m.
Paul LarrousseDirector, National Transit Institute (NTI)Director, National Transit Institute (NTI)
(Moderator)(Moderator)
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TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
• FlexBRT Project Briefing, Randall Farwell• “When is BRT the Best Option – The LA
Experience”, Rex Gephart• Lane Transit District “BRT Decision Process”,
Stefano Viggiano
Session Presentations
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TRB/APTA 2004Bus Rapid Transit Conference
Rex Gephart
• Masters Degree in Architecture and Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles
• Director of Regional Transit Planning for the LA MTA• Manages the MetroRapid Service program
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When is BRT the When is BRT the Best Option?Best Option?
Rex GephartRex GephartDirector, Regional Transit PlanningDirector, Regional Transit Planning
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation AuthorityLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Russell ChisholmRussell ChisholmPresidentPresident
Transportation Management & Design, Inc.Transportation Management & Design, Inc.
APTA Bus Operations/BRT ConferenceAPTA Bus Operations/BRT ConferenceMay 5, 2004May 5, 2004
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Decision Process for Modal SelectionDecision Process for Modal Selection
Regional Transit Alternatives Analysis (1998)
Metro Rapid Demonstration (2000)
Transit Corridor Study (2000)
Metro Rapid Expansion Program (2002)
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Regional Transit Alternatives AnalysisRegional Transit Alternatives Analysis
Purpose of RTAA: Identify regional transit corridors Identified major regional demand patterns
Defined areas with high transit dependency Defined areas with high transit demand Defined origin and destination trip patterns
Identified five candidate corridors San Fernando Valley Corridor Wilshire Corridor East Los Angeles Corridor Exposition Corridor Pasadena Corridor
Supported Metro Rapid arterial concept
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Page 7September 1998
Los Angeles CountyTransit Dependency Index
(By Traffic Analysis Zone)
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Page 8September 1998
Transit Ridership by Line
Community Statistical Areaswith high transit dependency
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Page 9September 1998
Mid-Wilshire & Koreatown CSAWork Trip Destinations
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Metro Rapid Program Metro Rapid Program
Frequent Service Bus Signal Priority Headway-based Schedules Simple Route Layout Less Frequent Stops Integrated with Local Bus Service Level Boarding and Alighting Color-coded Buses and Stations High Capacity Buses Exclusive R-O-W and Arterial Lanes Off-vehicle Fare Payment Bus Feeder Network
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Legend
Metro Rapid Station
Rapid & Rail Station
Metro Rapid Line
Metro Red Line
Metro Blue Line
Demonstration LinesDemonstration Lines Implemented June 2000
Downtown Los Angeles
Pasadena Gold Line
Blue/Gold Lines
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Metro Rapid DemonstrationMetro Rapid Demonstration
Reduced Passenger Travel Times Wilshire/Whittier Corridor – up to 29% Ventura Corridor – up to 23%
Increased Corridor Ridership Wilshire/Whittier Corridor – ridership up 42% Ventura Corridor – ridership up 38%
Attracted New Riders 1/3 of ridership increase are new riders
Two-line arterial demonstration implemented in 2000 to determine if people would ride higher speed bus
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Metro Rapid/BRT Becomes OptionMetro Rapid/BRT Becomes Option
Metro Rapid/BRT added as Major Investment Study option
MTA develops mobility toolbox for assessing BRT as a transit option
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0 MPH
10 MPH
20 MPH
30 MPH
40 MPH
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Peak Direc tional Capac ity (P assengers per Hour)
Op
era
tin
g S
pe
ed
Ra
ng
e
50 MPH
Rapid Bus
B us R ap id TransitB us R ap id TransitLight Rail (Exclusive Right-Of-Way)
Heavy Rail MNo rth Ho llywood
MNo rth Ho llywood
MNo rth Ho llywood
MNo rth Ho llywood
Com m uter Rail
Light Rail (Arterial)
Los Angeles Mobility ToolboxLos Angeles Mobility Toolbox
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Transit Corridor StudyTransit Corridor Study
Major Investment Study was performed on four of the five RTAA corridors
Identified preferred corridor modes San Fernando Valley Corridor - BRT Wilshire Corridor - BRT Exposition Corridor - BRT/LRT East Los Angeles Corridor - LRT Pasadena Corridor – Independent Study (JPA) - LRT
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San Fernando Valley Corridor BRTSan Fernando Valley Corridor BRT
Statistics 14 miles, 13 stations, 7 minute headway Project construction/vehicle cost = $330 million
Issues At-grade corridor with many street crossings (against signal
progression) Connects Red Line (HRT) with Warner Center (50,000 jobs) Originally planned as heavy rail extension (too costly)
BRT selected over LRT Expected demand (22,000 daily boardings) did not meet LRT
economies of scale BRT required for flexible on-street operation at Warner Center
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San Fernando Valley Corridor BRT San Fernando Valley Corridor BRT
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Wilshire Corridor BRTWilshire Corridor BRT
Statistics 13 miles, 15 stations, 3-4 minute headways Project construction/vehicle cost = $182 million
Issues At grade corridor in 3 jurisdictions; many major street crossings Very high arterial traffic with bottlenecks Existing Metro Rapid arterial BRT; extends beyond study corridor Potential future extension of Red Line (HRT)
BRT selected over LRT Existing BRT-light successful; only need to add exclusive lanes Avoid mode complexity and unnecessary transfers Minimizes short term investment until Red Line extended
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Wilshire Corridor BRTWilshire Corridor BRT
Rendering
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Exposition Corridor LRTExposition Corridor LRT
Statistics 9.4 miles (7.9 new/1.5 shared), 10-12 stations, 7.5 minute headway Project construction/vehicle cost = $426 million
Issues Exclusive railroad right-of-way with street crossings Alignment options include partial arterial operation & grade seps Opportunity to connect with existing Blue Line LRT Serves several jurisdictions
LRT selected over BRT Expected demand (43,600 daily boardings) provides LRT economies
of scale LRT allows shared use of Blue Line LRT tracks & LACBD tunnel
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Exposition Corridor LRTExposition Corridor LRT
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East Los Angeles Corridor LRTEast Los Angeles Corridor LRT
Statistics 6 miles (1.8 miles in tunnel), 8 new + 1 existing station, 7.5 min
hdwy Project construction/vehicle cost = $898 million
Issues Initially HRT extension (too costly) Desire to link with regional hub (Union Station) and existing LRT Station locations not on continuous street or right-of-way Surface streets narrow (built in 1800s); active community street life Surface operation requires numerous turns across traffic
LRT selected over BRT Minimize community impacts (mix of tunnel and surface ops) Through service w/ existing Gold Line LRT at Union Station
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East Los Angeles Corridor LRTEast Los Angeles Corridor LRT
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Metro Rapid Arterial ExpansionMetro Rapid Arterial Expansion
Based on the success of the Metro Rapid Demonstration, the program was approved for expansion Improved travel speeds (up to 29% faster)
Increase in ridership (up to 40%)
Relatively low capital cost ($200,000 per mile)
Easy implementation (12 months to start-up)
FY 2008: 28 corridors and 450 miles of service
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SummarySummary
BRT allows for greater flexibility Allows for easy mix of on-street and exclusive right-of-
way operation Easier to fit in challenging corridors Allows for incremental upgrading
Lower cost for both capital and operations until economy of scale threshold is reached for LRT Over 5,000 passengers per peak hour, peak direction Over 25,000 passengers per day
Each corridor requires a unique decision