trb tet tnpsc tamil 6 12

AdLPp TlTLmU] Gi: 3262, RrS hYN YVd l,

pXWU, UW - 625 011

LT : 98426 - 49140, 98421 - 88660

RXT : 0452 - 6463666

CQVR[m: www.gksuccess.com / u]gNp : [email protected]

B\m Yl .......................................................... 1

HZm Yl ...........................................................19

GhPm Yl .........................................................71

JuTRm Yl ................................................... 126

TjRm Yl ....................................................... 198

T]Wm Yl ...............................................232

TuWiPm Yl ........................................242

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Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

1Mwhk; tFg;G

nra;As; - tho;j;JjpUtUl;gh

1. fz ;z py ; fye ;j hd ;fUj;jpy; fye;jhd; vd;Dk;tho;j;Jg; ghliy vOjpatHahH?,uhkypq;f mbfshH

2. jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk;rpwg;Gg; ngaH ngw;wtH ahH?,uhkypq;f mbfshH

3. MrpupaH Fwpg;G:-CH flY}H khtl;lk; kUJ}u;ngw;NwhH ,uhikah> rpd;dk;ikahH.E}y ; [ PtfhUz;a xOf;fk ; >kDKiw fz;lthrfk;> ghly;jpUtUl;gh

4. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH grpj;JaHNghf;fp kf;fSf;F cztspf;fve;jr; rhiyia mikj;jhH?mwr;rhiyia

5. mwpTnewp tpsq;f ,uhkypq;fmbfshH epWtpa rig vJ?Qhdrig

6. fhyk; 5.10.1823 Kjy; 30.1.1874tiujpUf;Fws; md;Gilik

7. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH?jpUts;StH

8. jpUts;Stu; tho;e;j fhyk;?fp.K. 31 vd;W $WtH

9. jpUts;Stupd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;ahit?nre;ehg;NghjhH> nja;tg;GytH>ehadhH

10. jpUf;Fws; vj;jid tifahfg;gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ? mit ahit?%d;W gpupTfs;. mit1. mwj;Jg;ghy;2. nghUl;ghy;3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;

11. jpUf;Fwspy; xt;NthH mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk; 10 Fwl;ghf;fs; tPjk;vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fs; cs;sd?1330

12. jpUf;Fwspy; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fs;cs;sd?133

13. jpUf;Fws; ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F14. jpUf;Fwspd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;

ahit?Kg;ghy;> nghJkiw> jkpo;kiw

15. cyf kf;fshy; jpUf ;Fws;vt;thW Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ?cyfg; nghJkiwjpUts;StH Mz;L fzf;fpLk;Kiw fpwpj;J Mz;L (fp.gp.) +31= jpUts ;StH Mz;L(vLj;Jf;fhl;L) 2010 + 31(fp.gp.2010 = jpUts;StH Mz;L2041 vd;W $WNthk;

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216. nrhw;nghUs;1. MHtyH - md;GilatH2. Gd;fzPH - Jd;gk; fz;L ngUFk;

fz;zPH3. g+ry;jUk; - ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk;4. vd;G - vYk;G (,q;F cly;>nghUs;>

Mtpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ)5. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G NtWghL ,Uf;fhJ

22. vOj ;jhzp nfhz;L vOJk;Xiyf;F vd;d ngaH?Xiyr;Rtb

23. ekf;fhfj; jhspy; vOjp> mr;rpl;Lg;Gj;jfj;ij toq;fpatH ahH?c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH

24. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L vd;Dk; Rtbapy; vj;jidtifahd g+f;fspd; ngaHfs; ,Ue;jd?njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ

25. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L vd;Dk; E}ypd;MrpupaH.fgpyH

26. Xiyr;Rtbfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; rpy,lq;fs; ahit?1. fPo;j;jpirf; Rtbfs; E}yfk;>nrd;id2. muR Mtzf; fhg;gfk;> nrd;id3. cyfj;jkpo; Muha;r;rp epWtdk;>nrd;id4. ruRtjp kfhy;> jQ;rht+H

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327. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH ve;j Cupy;gpwe;jhH?

jpUth&H khtl;lj;jpy; cs;scj;jkjhdGuk;

28. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aupd; ,aw;ngaHvd;d?Ntq;fluj;jpdk;

29. c.Nt.rh.tpd; MrpupaH ngaH ? kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;

gps;is30. MrpupaH c.Nt.rhkpehja;aUf;F

itj;j ngaH vJ?rhkpehjd;

31. c .Nt .r h t p u pj ;Jf ; $Wf?cj;jkjhdGuk; Ntq;fl Rg;igaHkfdhd rhkpehjd;.

32. c.Nt.rh.ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH.19.2.1855

33. c.Nt.rh ve;j Mz;L ,aw;ifva;jpdhH?28.4.1942

34. jkpo;j;jhj;jhtpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;wpd;E}ypd; ngaH ahJ?vd;rupjk;

35. c.Nt.rh tho;f;if tuyhw;iw ve;j,jopy; njhluhf vOjpdhH?Mde;j tpfld;c.Nt.rh. gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs;1. vl;Lj;njhif 82. gj;Jg;ghl;L 103. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 14. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 15. kzpNkfiy 1

6. Guhzq;fs; 127. cyh 98. Nfhit 69. J}J 610. ntz;gh E}y;fs; 1311. me;jhjp 312. guzp 213. Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 214. ,ul;il kzpkhiy 215. ,jugpuge;jq;fs; 4

36. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;jMz;L epWtg;gl;lJ?1942

37. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j efupy;njhlHe;J nray;gl;L tUfpwJ?nrd;idapy; cs;s ngrd;l;efH

38. c.Nt.rh. mtHfspd; jkpo;g ;gzpfisg; ghuhl;ba ntspehl;LmwpQHfs; ahH?[p.A.Nghg;> #ypa]; tpd;Nrhd;

39. eLtz; muR>c.Nt.rh.mtHfspd;jkpo;j;njhz;bidg; ngUikg;gLj;Jk;tifapy; ______ Mk; Mz;LmQ;ry; jiy ntspapl;Lr; rpwg;gpj;Jcs;sJ.2006 Mk; Mz;L

Jizg;ghlk;filrptiu ek;gpf;if

40. [g;ghdpy; ve;j ve;j ,uz;L,lq;fspy; mnkupf;fh Fz;LtPrpaJ?1. `pNuhrpkh 2. ehfrhfp

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441. rlNfh ve;j ehl;Lr; rpWkp?[g;ghd;

42. [g;ghdpaH tzq;Fk; gwit vJ?nfhf;F

43. mutpe;j Fg;jh vOjpa E}y;.nld; ypl;by; gpq;fH];fhfpjj;jpy; cUtq;fs; nra;Ak;fiyia [g;ghdpaH xupfhkpvd;W $WtH

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;44. ,yf;fzk; vjw;Fj; Njitg;

gLfpwJ?ehk; NgRk; nkhopia> vOJk;nkhopiar; rupahfg; Gupe ;Jnfhs;tjw;F

45. jkpopd; Kjy; vOj;J vJ?m

46. m vd;Dk; vOj;J vjidf;Fwpf;Fk;?kdpjd;

47. q; vd;w vOj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy;tUk; ,d vOj;J vJ?f

48. kQ;rs;> mQ;rhNj vd;Dk; ,t;tpuz;Lnrhw;fspy; vit el;G vOj;Jf;fs;?Q; r

49. e; kw;Wk; d; ,t;tpuz;Lk; vd;dvOj;Jfs;?nka;

50. r; vd;gJ nka;naOj;J vvd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?

Fwpy;51. r; vd;gJ nka;naOj;J V

vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?neby;

52. gpupj;J mwpjy;1.jkf;FupaH - jkf;F + cupaH2. md;gPDk; - md;G +

559. ehybahupd; kw;nwhU rpwg;Gg;ngaHvJ?ehyb ehD}W

60. ehybahiu ,aw;wpatH ahH?rkz KdptH

61. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F - tpsf;fk;rq;f E}y;fs; vdg;gLgit gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; vl;Lj;njhifAk;. gj;Jg;ghl;by; gj;J E}y;fSk;> vl;Lj;njhifapy; vl;L E}y;fSk; cs;sd.nkhj;jk; gjpndl;L E}y;fs;.,tw;iw Nky;fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;W$Wk; tof;fKk; cz;L.rq;f E}y;fSf;Fg;gpd; Njhd;wpaE}y;fspd; njhFg;G gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ.,j;njhFg;gpYk; gjpndl;L E}y;fs;cs;sd. gjpndz; vd;why; gjpndl;Lvd;W nghUs;. ,e;E}y;fisf; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;Wk; $WtH.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs;ngUk;ghyhdit mwE}y;fNs

ghuj Njrk;62. MAjk; nra;Nthk; ey;y fhfpjk;

vd;w ghujNjrk; ghliyg; ghbatHahH?kfhftp ghujpahH

63. nrhw;nghUs;1. jiyrhAjy; - Xa;e;J gLj;jy;2. tz;ik - nfhil3. cOgil- tptrhak; nra;ag; gad;gLk; fUtpfs;4. Nfhzp - rhf;F

5. eil - rhiyapy; nry;Yk; tz;bfs;6. gwg;G - gwf;Fk; tpkhdk; Nghd;wit7. Qhyk; - cyfk;8. cte;J nra;Nthk; - tpUk;gpr; nra;Nthk;9. jkpo;kfs; - xsitahH10. NkytH - NkNyhH11. fPotH - fPNohH12. kw;NwhH - gpwHf;F cjTk; NeHik mw;NwhH13. newpapdpd;W - mwnewpapy; epd;W

64. jkpo;ehl;bd; Gfo;ngw;w ftpQHahH?ghujpahH

65. ghujpahH vt;thW nfhz;lhlg;gl;ltH?ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd; ghujp

66. Rje;jug; Nghuhl;l tPuH ahH?kfhftp ghujpahH

67. kfhftp ghujpahH tho;e;j fhyk;?11.12.1882 Kjy; 11.9.1921 tiu

ciueilgwitfs; gytpjk;

68. ve ; j Cu py ; gl ; l h Nrntbg;gjpy;iy?jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;srpwpa fpuhkk; $e;jd;Fsk;

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669. gwitfs; Vd; ehL tpl;L ehLgwe;J tUfpd;wd?gUtepiy khWk; NghJ

70. gUtepiy vd;why; vd;d?ntapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;

71. gUtepiy ve;j khjj;jpy; Vw;gLk;?Nk khjk;

72. gUtepiy khw;wk; vd;gJ?ntapYk;> kioAk;> gdpAk; khwpkhwp tUtJ

73. gwitfs; ntapy; kw;Wk; gdp$Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ NtW,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F vd;d ngaH?tyir Nghjy;

74. gioafhyj;jpy; ek; Kd;NdhHfs;,d;iwf;F kio tUk; vd;Wvg;gbf; $WtH?gwitfs; ,lk; khWtij itj;Jcyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J gyehl;Lg; gwitfs; te;J jq;fp,Uf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;Fg; ngaH jhd;gwitfs; ruzhyak;.

75. ek; ehl;by; vj;jid gwitfs;cs;sd?Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuj;J ehD}W

76. gwitfis vj;jid tifahfg;gpupf;fyhk;? mit ahit?Ie;J tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;1.Njidf; Fbj;J thOk; gwitfs;2.goj;ij cz;L thOk; gwitfs;3.g+r;rpiaj; jpd;W thOk; gwitfs;4.Ntl;ilahb cz;Zk; gwitfs;

5.,we;j cly;fis cz;L thOk; gwitfs;

77. rkntsp kuq;fspy; thOk; rpygwitfs; ahit?kQ;rs; rpl;L> nrq;fhfk;> Rliyf;Fapy;> gdq;fhil> J}f;fzhq;FUtp.

78. ePHepiyfspy; thOk; gwitfs;ahit?nfhf;F> jhiof;Nfhop> gtsf;fhyp>Mw;W cs;shd;> Kf;Fspg;ghd;>ehiu> mupths; %f;fd; >fuz;bthad;> Crpthy;thj;J.

79. kiyfspy; thOk; rpy gwitfs;ahit?,Uthr;rp> nre;jiyg;g+q;FUtp>kpd;rpl;L> fUQ;rpd;dhd;>ePyfpupnel ;ilf ;fhy p > nghd ;KJFkuq;nfhj;jp> rpd;df;FWthd;nfhz;il cothud;> ,uhrhspg;gUe;J> g+kd; Me;ij

80. $e;jd; Fsk; fpuhkj;J kf;fs; Vd;gl;lhR ntbf;fhkYk; Nksk;mbf;fhkYk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH.gwitfs; gae;Jtplhky; ,Uf;fjkpo; ehl;by; cs;s

gwitfs; ruzhyaq;fs;(Gfyplq;fs;):

1. Ntle;jhq;fy;2. fupf;fpsp (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;)3. fQ;rpuq;Fsk;4. rpj;jpuq;Fb

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75. Nky;nry;tD}H (,uhkehjGuk;khtl;lk;)

6. goNtw;fhL (jpUts;@H khtl;lk;)7. cjakhHj;jhz;lk; (jpUth&H

khtl;lk;)8. tLt+H (jQ;rht+H khtl;lk;)9. fiuntl;b (nguk;gY}H khtl;lk;)10. Ntl;lq;Fb (rptfq;if khtl;lk;)11. nts;NshL ( jtisfsclk;gpy; cs;s_____mjw;Fg;NghJk;.ePHr;rj;Nj.

ghk;gpdk;> cyfpy;kd pj ,dk ;Njhd;Wtjw;Fg;g j ; J f ; N f h bMz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Njhd;wpaJ.,e;jpahtpYs;s ,uh[ehfk;jhd; cyfpNyNa kpf ePskhdeQ;Rs;s ghk;G. 15mb ePsKilaJ $Lfl;b thOk; xNu tifg;ghk;G ,J ,uh[ ehfk;> kw;wghk;GfisNa $l czthf;fpf;nfhs;Sk;. ghk;Gfspd; gw;fs;cs;Nehf;fp tise;jpUf;Fk;,iuiag; gpbj;jhy; jg;gtplhJ.ghk;Gfs; ,iuia nkd;Wj pd ; gj py ;iy . mg ; gbNatpOq;fptpLfpd;wd

87. ghk;G vjw;fhf vr;rpypy; eQ;Ritj;jpUf;fpwJ?,iuiaf; nfhy;yTk;> nrupkhdj;jpw;fhfTk;>

88. ghk;G ve;j mjpHTfis czHe;JKd;ndr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;fpwJ..jiuapd;

89. ghk;G ahUf;F ez;gd;?tptrhapfSf;FxU ghk;igf; nfhd;why;> mjd;,izg;ghk;G gop thq;Fk; vd;Wnrhy;tJz;L. ,J cz;ikad;W.nfhy;yg;gl;l ghk;gpd; clk;gpypUe;JntspNaWk; xUtif thridj;jputpak; kw;wg; ghk;GfisAk; me;j

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8,lk; Nehf;fp tutiof;fpwJ.gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iyghk;G jd; ehf;if mbf;fbntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd;thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd;ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ.ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd;(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;Jjahupf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpamuR tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;frl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?

mit ahit?gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c>C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.

91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;.

92. jkpopYs;s Kjy; vOj;Jfs;nkhj;jk; vj;jid?Kg;gJ

93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;jvOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.capnuOj;J 12nka;naOj;J 18capH nka; vOj;J 216Ma;j vOj;J 1nkhj;jk; 247

94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mitahit?Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x

95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capH nka;f;Fwpy;

96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?M> C> V> I> X> xs

97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capHnka;neby;

98. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;Lthf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.1. fy; - rpw;gq;fs; fy;ypy;

nrJf;fg;gLk;2 . fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy

mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;fNtz;Lk;

3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioapypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil

4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;Kilag;gLfpd;wd

99. NrHj;J vOJf1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;

100. gpupj;J vOJf1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

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9101. ey;y jkpo;r;nrhw;fis mwpNthk;1. tha;f;fhy; - Mw;wpd; xU

rpWfpisNa tha;f;fhy; MFk;2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy;

ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha;tpisAk;

3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff;nfhLf;Fk; tz;ikf;Fzk;vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk;

4. Qhyk; - ,e;j Qhyj;jpy;cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu

102. gpd;tUk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;fz;lwpe;J vOJf1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il

ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk;2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk;

- thfdg;Gif3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; -

njhopw;rhiyf; fopT4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; -

fhLfs; mopg;GvOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj;Jld; kl;Lk; NrUk;vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk;v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk;

104. jd ; vOj;Jld; NruhJ gpwvOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;.Ntw;W epiy nka;k;kaf;fk;v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

,ay; 3nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

105. kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliyghbatH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

106. nrhw;nghUs;1. klths; - ngz;2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;

NghJ6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;

107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?ngz;

109. fbif vd;gJmzpfyd; ( eif)

110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;

111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhHvd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

ciueilMuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghbtha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghl;L

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10

114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg;ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d?jhyhl;Lg;ghly;

115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fisvt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;?fpuhkpag; ghly;fs;

116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy;kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;.fhdhg;ghly;

117. flYf;Fr; nrd;W kPd;gpbf;Fk;kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;.ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;

118. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; fPo;f;fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;:jhyhl;Lg;ghly;fs;tpisahl;Lg;ghly;fs;njhopy; ghly;fs;rlq;Fg; ghly;fs;nfhz;lhl;lg; ghly;fs;topghl;Lg;ghly;fs;xg;ghupg; ghly;fs;

119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly;vJ?jhyhl;Lg; ghly;

120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk;ghly; vJ?tpisahl;Lg;ghly;

121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthHghLtJ vJ?njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;ghLtJ vJ?rlq;Fg; ghly;> nfhz;lhl;lg;ghly;fs;

123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?topghl;Lg;ghly;

124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?xg;ghupg;ghly;fs;

Jizg;ghlk;tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?nfhy;fj;jhvOj;jhsH [hdfpkzhsd;vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;mw;Gjf; fijfs; vd;Dk;E}ypy pUe ;J ,r ; r pWfijvLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtHahH?tpNtfhde;jH.

127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;jRthkp ahH?tpNtfhde;jH

128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?eNue;jpuehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?Fok;G

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130. msf;Fw ehopf;F mftpiy njupAkh?ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb

131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpa tpiy

132. jpwe;j tPl;Lf;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F?jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?rhtp

133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?nka;naOj;J

134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJfghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;nrhd;Ndd;flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;fz;Nld;goj;ij+jpd;Nwd; = goj;ijj;jpd;Nwd;fz;zDf ;F+nfhLj ;Njd ; =fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;kJiuf ;F+nry ; Nthk ; =kJiuf;Fr; nry;Nthk;

135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>4. Gd;> 5.thy;

136. jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy;3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;

137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;vJ?nry;tp vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;

138. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

ngaHr; tpidr;nrhy; nrhy;

1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;

139. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspd;nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;Lepug;Gf.1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;2. ______ g+j;jJ3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wpngw;wJ4. ______ mOjhs;tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy

140. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;nghUj;jkhd tpidr;nrhy;iy,l;L epug;Gf.1. $l;lk; ______2. Me;ij ______3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______4. KfkJ jz;zPH ______

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tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;.

141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk;my;yJ ,y;iy)eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd;(Mk;> ,y;iy)Mk;

,ay; - 4nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatHahH?Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrd;

143. nrhw;nghUs;1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH2. Gdy; - ePH3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk;4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg;

gl;l ge;jy;6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb7. jio - nrb8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;

Fiwahj ntg;gk; vd;Wk;nghUs; nfhs;syhk;

9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk;144. Gul;rpf; ftpQH vd;Wk; ghNte;jH

vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH?fdfRg;Guj;jpdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;lfhjyhy; jk;Kila ngaiukhw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?1. ghz;bad; gupR2. mofpd;rpupg;G3. FLk;gtpsf;F

148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;e;jfhyk;.29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W149. Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH

vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliyghbatH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

150. Nghjpa E}y;fis epiwthff;fw;wtH ahH?mwpTilahH

151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;guTk;?ehd;F jpirfspYk;

152. nrhw;nghUs;1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl

MFk;4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh5. MW - top6. czh - czT (topeilczT ,jidf; fl;Lr;NrhWvd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

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153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;

154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;vJ?gonkhop ehD}W

155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?fw ;wtDf;Ff ; fl ;Lr ;NrhWNtz;lhk;

156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?CHg;ngaH

158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;muridf;

159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czhciueil

kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;FNeU vOjpa fbjk;

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH[tfHyhy; NeU

161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy;gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH?[tfHyhy; NeU

162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH?,e;jpuh fhe;jp

163. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;Ff; fbjq;fisvj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH?

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.

164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j nghOJk;ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F

165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up

166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;

167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;gapd;whH?Nfk;gpupl;[;

168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;ahH?Nrf;];gpaH> kpy;ld;

169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuhfhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritahdit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit

170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiythrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?lhy ;] ;lha pd ; NghUk ;mikjpAk;

171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.lhy;];lhapd; NghUk; mikjpAk;

172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?mwpT ngWtjw;fhf> kfpo;r;rpmiltjw;fhf.

173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;sgy;fiyf;fofk;

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174. Nrf;];gpaH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH178. lhy;];lha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH:

fy;tpahsH181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry;

khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupe;j

xU NguhrpupaH,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;

183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy;jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJnrbnfhbiaf;

184. MW vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj;jhd;vj;jid nghUs;fs;?MW - XH vz;(6)MW - ejpMW - top

185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d?,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;Lfpstp vd;why; nrhy;

186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf?jz jz> fz fz

187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;GfPNo fhz;Nghk;xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;r; + v + nr = nrb,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;t; + V + Nt = Nty;

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;g; + x + ngh = nghUs;,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;Jneby;j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp

188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?fkyh NeU

189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuhkhtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;JvOjpdhH.

190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;];NghHL gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;cs;sJ.

191. NeU ,e ;j paj ; j pUehl ;bd ;tpLjiyf;fhf> ve;j Mz;by;gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;

8,lk; Nehf;fp tutiof;fpwJ.gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iyghk;G jd; ehf;if mbf;fbntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd;thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd;ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ.ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd;(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;Jjahupf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpamuR tdtpyq;Fg; ghJfhg;Gr;rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;frl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?

mit ahit?gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> c>C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.

91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;.

92. jkpopYs;s Kjy; vOj;Jfs;nkhj;jk; vj;jid?Kg;gJ

93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;jvOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.capnuOj;J 12nka;naOj;J 18capH nka; vOj;J 216Ma;j vOj;J 1nkhj;jk; 247

94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mitahit?Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x

95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capH nka;f;Fwpy;

96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mitahit?M> C> V> I> X> xs

97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;cz;lhfpd;wd.capHnka;neby;

98. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;Lthf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.1. fy; - rpw;gq;fs; fy;ypy;

nrJf;fg;gLk;2 . fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy

mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;fNtz;Lk;

3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioapypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil

4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;Kilag;gLfpd;wd

99. NrHj;J vOJf1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;

100. gpupj;J vOJf1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy

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9101. ey;y jkpo;r;nrhw;fis mwpNthk;1. tha;f;fhy; - Mw;wpd; xU

rpWfpisNa tha;f;fhy; MFk;2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy;

ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha;tpisAk;

3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff;nfhLf;Fk; tz;ikf;Fzk;vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk;

4. Qhyk; - ,e;j Qhyj;jpy;cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu

102. gpd;tUk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf;fz;lwpe;J vOJf1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il

ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk;2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk;

- thfdg;Gif3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; -

njhopw;rhiyf; fopT4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; -

fhLfs; mopg;GvOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk;

103. jd; vOj;Jld; kl;Lk; NrUk;vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk;v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk;

104. jd ; vOj;Jld; NruhJ gpwvOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;.Ntw;W epiy nka;k;kaf;fk;v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if

,ay; 3nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

105. kidf;F tpsf;fk; klths;vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliyghbatH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

106. nrhw;nghUs;1. klths; - ngz;2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;

NghJ6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;

107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?ngz;

109. fbif vd;gJmzpfyd; ( eif)

110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;

111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?tpsk;gpehfdhH

112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhHvd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH

ciueilMuhNuh MupuNuh

113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghbtha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghl;L

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114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg;ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d?jhyhl;Lg;ghly;

115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fisvt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;?fpuhkpag; ghly;fs;

116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy;kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;.fhdhg;ghly;

117. flYf;Fr; nrd;W kPd;gpbf;Fk;kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;.ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;

118. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; fPo;f;fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;:jhyhl;Lg;ghly;fs;tpisahl;Lg;ghly;fs;njhopy; ghly;fs;rlq;Fg; ghly;fs;nfhz;lhl;lg; ghly;fs;topghl;Lg;ghly;fs;xg;ghupg; ghly;fs;

119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly;vJ?jhyhl;Lg; ghly;

120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk;ghly; vJ?tpisahl;Lg;ghly;

121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthHghLtJ vJ?njhopy; ghly;

122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;ghLtJ vJ?rlq;Fg; ghly;> nfhz;lhl;lg;ghly;fs;

123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?topghl;Lg;ghly;

124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?xg;ghupg;ghly;fs;

Jizg;ghlk;tPur;rpWtd;

125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?nfhy;fj;jhvOj;jhsH [hdfpkzhsd;vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;mw;Gjf; fijfs; vd;Dk;E}ypy pUe ;J ,r ; r pWfijvLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtHahH?tpNtfhde;jH.

127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;jRthkp ahH?tpNtfhde;jH

128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?eNue;jpuehj;

,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;

129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?Fok;G

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130. msf;Fw ehopf;F mftpiy njupAkh?ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb

131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?jhdpa tpiy

132. jpwe;j tPl;Lf;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F?jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?rhtp

133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?nka;naOj;J

134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJfghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;nrhd;Ndd;flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;fz;Nld;goj;ij+jpd;Nwd; = goj;ijj;jpd;Nwd;fz;zDf ;F+nfhLj ;Njd ; =fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;kJiuf ;F+nry ; Nthk ; =kJiuf;Fr; nry;Nthk;

135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>4. Gd;> 5.thy;

136. jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?jkpo;r;nrhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;1. ngaHr;nrhy;

2. tpidr;nrhy;3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;

137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;vJ?nry;tp vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;

138. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.

ngaHr; tpidr;nrhy; nrhy;

1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;

139. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspd;nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;Lepug;Gf.1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;2. ______ g+j;jJ3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wpngw;wJ4. ______ mOjhs;tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy

140. fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;nwhlHfspy;nghUj;jkhd tpidr;nrhy;iy,l;L epug;Gf.1. $l;lk; ______2. Me;ij ______3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______4. KfkJ jz;zPH ______

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tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;.

141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk;my;yJ ,y;iy)eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd;(Mk;> ,y;iy)Mk;

,ay; - 4nra;As; - ,iraKJ

142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatHahH?Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrd;

143. nrhw;nghUs;1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH2. Gdy; - ePH3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk;4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg;

gl;l ge;jy;6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb7. jio - nrb8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;

Fiwahj ntg;gk; vd;Wk;nghUs; nfhs;syhk;

9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk;144. Gul;rpf; ftpQH vd;Wk; ghNte;jH

vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH?fdfRg;Guj;jpdk;

146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;lfhjyhy; jk;Kila ngaiukhw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?ghujpjhrd;

147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?1. ghz;bad; gupR2. mofpd;rpupg;G3. FLk;gtpsf;F

148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;e;jfhyk;.29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu

gonkhop ehD}W149. Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH

vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliyghbatH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

150. Nghjpa E}y;fis epiwthff;fw;wtH ahH?mwpTilahH

151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;guTk;?ehd;F jpirfspYk;

152. nrhw;nghUs;1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl

MFk;4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh5. MW - top6. czh - czT (topeilczT ,jidf; fl;Lr;NrhWvd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)

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153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs;xd;W.gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;

154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;vJ?gonkhop ehD}W

155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?fw ;wtDf;Ff ; fl ;Lr ;NrhWNtz;lhk;

156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?Kd;Wiw miuadhH

157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?CHg;ngaH

158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;muridf;

159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czhciueil

kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;FNeU vOjpa fbjk;

160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH[tfHyhy; NeU

161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy;gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH?[tfHyhy; NeU

162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH?,e;jpuh fhe;jp

163. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;Ff; fbjq;fisvj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf;nfhz;bUe;jhH?

1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.

164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j nghOJk;ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F

165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up

166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;

167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;gapd;whH?Nfk;gpupl;[;

168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;ahH?Nrf;];gpaH> kpy;ld;

169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuhfhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritahdit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit

170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiythrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?lhy ;] ;lha pd ; NghUk ;mikjpAk;

171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.lhy;];lhapd; NghUk; mikjpAk;

172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?mwpT ngWtjw;fhf> kfpo;r;rpmiltjw;fhf.

173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;sgy;fiyf;fofk;

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174. Nrf;];gpaH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH178. lhy;];lha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH:

fy;tpahsH181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry;

khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupe;j

xU NguhrpupaH,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;

183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy;jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJnrbnfhbiaf;

184. MW vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj;jhd;vj;jid nghUs;fs;?MW - XH vz;(6)MW - ejpMW - top

185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d?,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;Lfpstp vd;why; nrhy;

186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf?jz jz> fz fz

187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;GfPNo fhz;Nghk;xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;r; + v + nr = nrb,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;t; + V + Nt = Nty;

xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;g; + x + ngh = nghUs;,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;Jneby;j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp

188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?fkyh NeU

189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuhkhtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;JvOjpdhH.

190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;];NghHL gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;cs;sJ.

191. NeU ,e ;j paj ; j pUehl ;bd ;tpLjiyf;fhf> ve;j Mz;by;gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;

15

,ay;-5nra;As; - rpj;jH

ghly;194. itNjhiu $l itahNj vd;w

rpj;jH ghly; ghbatH ahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

195. nrhw;nghUs;1.nta;a tpid - Jd;gk; jUk; nray;2 Ntk;G - frg;ghdnrhw;fs;@3. tPwhg;G - ,Wkhg;G4. gyupy; - gyH + ,y;> gyUilatPLfs;5. Gfy; xz;zhNj - nry;yhNj6. rhw;Wk; - Gfo;r;rpahfg; NgRtJ@7. flk; - clk;G

196. rpj;jHfs; vj;jid Mz;LfSf;FKd; jkpofj;jpd; fhL kiyfspy;tho;e;jtHfs;.RkhH ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;

197. rpj;jHfspd; fhuzg;ngaHfs; ahJ?ghk;ghl;br;rpj;jH> Fjk;igr;rpj;jH>mOFzpr;rpj;jH.

198. cUt topghL nra;ahky; ntl;lntspiaNa flTshf topgl;ltHahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

199. vspa nrhw;fspd; mwpTiufisr;nrhd;dtH ahH?fLntspr;rpj;jH

ciueil,sikapy; ngupahH Nfl;l

Nfs;tp

200. ,uhkrhkpapd; ngw;Nwhu; ngaHvd;d?ntq ;flg ; gUf ;Fk ; - r pd ;dj ;jhak;khs;

201. nrhe;jkhfr; rpe;jpj;Jg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s epidf;fpwtH ahH?,uhkrhkp

202. ,uhkrhkpapd; CH vJ?

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211. fs;Sf;fil kwpaypy; jdJ Njhspy; fjHj;Jzpfisr; Rke;J tpw;wtH ahH?ngupahH

216. Nfushtpy; ve;j Cupy; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; Nfhtpy; Rw;Wj;njUtpy;elg;gjw;Fj; jil ,Ue;jJ.itf;fk;

217. jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf itf;fk;vd;Dk; Cupy; ngupahH Nghuhbntw;wp ngw;wjhy; kf;fs; vt;thWmioj;jdH?itf;fk; tPuH

218. ngupahH vy;yhUf;Fk; vJ mtrpak;vd;whH?fy;tp

219. ngz;fSf;F vd;d Kf;fpak; vd;WngupahH $wpdhH?mwpTk;> RakupahijAk;

220. jha;khHfs; ,uhkrhkpf;F vd;dgl;lk; toq;fpdhHfs;?ngupahH

221. ngz; tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd; ngz;fs;fy ;t p fw ;fNtz;Lk ; vd ;WtypAWj;jpatH ahH?ngupahH

222. ng u pa h H ngz ;fis ve ; jtpisahl;Lf;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;whH?ky;Aj;jk;> Fj;Jr;rz;il

223. ngupahH ve;j murhq;fg;gzpapy;ngz;fSk; NruNtz;Lk; vd;whH.,uhZtk;> fhty;Jiw

224. ngupahH ve;j tajpYk; $lg; Gjparpe;jidfis vLj;Jf;$wpdhH?njhz;Z}w;iwe;J taJ

225. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH?17.09.1879 ,y; gpwe;jhH.

226. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L kiwe;jhH?24.12.1973

227. ngupahH jk; tho;ehspy; 8600ehs;fs;> 13>12>000 fpNyh kPl;lHJ}uk; gazk; nra;J> 10>700$l;lq;fspy; 21>400 kzp Neuk;kf;fSf;fhf ciuahw;wpr; r%fj;njhz;lhw;wpdhH.

228. 1970 Mk; Mz;L r%fr;rPHjpUj;jr;nray;ghLfSf;fhf If;fpaehLfs;mitapy; ve;j tpUJ ngupahUf;Ftoq;fg;gl;lJ.And];Nfh tpUJ

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229. ve ;j Mz;L eLtz; muRngupahupd; cUtk; nghwpj;jmQ;ry; jiyia ntspapl;Lr;rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.1978 Mk; Mz;L

,yf;fzk;230. gpiofs;

1 ) xw;Wg;gpiofs;flikia nra;@ gyidNfs;kurhkhd;fs; thliff;F fpilf;Fk;2) Fwpy; neby; gpiofs;rhg;ghL jhahHgs;spf;Flk; mUfpy; cs;sJ3) JiznaOj;Jg; gpiofs; (n>N> d;)kUj;Jtkd ghFk; thop,q;F gl;L rhy;ypj; jug;ghLk;4 ) kaq;nfhypg; gpio,Urf;fu thfdk; gYJ ghHf;fg;gLk;jpdrup gfs; fhl;rp cz;L.

231. kWj;jy;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;G1. kWj;jy; vd;gJ mfk;ghtk; ,y;iy2. kWj;jy; vd;gJ gzpahik md;W3. jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis kWj;jhy;jhd; ehk; tsu KbAk;4 . Jzpr ;ry pd ; milahsk ;jtwhdtw;iw kWg;gJ5. %lek;gpf;iffis kWg;gJKd;Ndw;wk;6. kWg;gJ ngz;Zf;Fg; ghJfhg;G7. kWj;jy; miu Fiwahf ,Ue;Jgad; ,y;iy@ cWjpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

,ay;-6nra;As; - GwehD}W

232. ehlhF xd;Nwh@ fhlhF xd;Nwhvd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghliyg;ghbatH ahH?xsitahH

233. nrhw;nghUs;1. xd;Nwh - njhlUk; nrhy;2. ehlhF xd;Nwh - ehlhf ,Ue;jhy;vd;d my;yJ.... vdj; njhlUk;3. mty; - gs;sk;4. kpir - NkL5. ey;iy - ed;whf ,Ug;gha;@6. MltH - Mz;fs; (,q;F kdpjHfisg; nghJthff; Fwpj;jJ)

234. GwehD}W- ,ijg; gpupj;J vOJfGwk; + ehd;F + E}W

235. GwehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W?vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs;

236. E}y;Fwpg;G,e;E}y; GytH gyH ,aw;wpaghly;fspd; njhFg;G. vl;Lj;njhifAk; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; rq;f E}y;fSk;rq;f ,yf;fpak; gz;ghL Mfpatw;iw mwpacjTk; E}yhfg; GwehD}W jpfo;fpwJ.

237. xsitahH ahH?rq;fg;GytH

238. xsitahupd; ez;gd; ahH?mjpakhd;

239. xsitahH mupaney;ypf;fdpiaahuplk; ngw;wtH?mjpakhdplk;

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240. MrpupaH Fwpg;G:-rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz; ftpQH gyH,Ue;jdH mtHfSs; kpFjpahdghly;fs; ghbatH xsitahH.rq;fg;ghly; ghba xsitahUk;>Mj;jp#b ghba xsitahUk;xUtH my;yH@ NtW NtwhdtH.

GJf;ftpijjpz;izia ,bj;Jj;

njUthf;F!241. cl;fhH ez;gh> eye;jhdh? eP

xJq;fp tho;tJ rupjhdh? vd;wghlypd; MrpupaH ahH?jhuhghujp

242. ve;jf; ftpQH vOr;rpkpf;f ftpijfs;vOJtjpy; ty;ytH?ftpQH jhuhghujp

243. jkpof murpd; ey;yhrpupaH tpUJngw;wtH ahH?jhuhghujp

244. jhuhghujp ftpijfs; ______Kjypad ,tHjk; E}y;fSs; rpy.Gjpa tpbay;fs;> ,J vq;fs; fpof;F

245. jhuhghujp tho;e;j fhyk;26.02.1947 Kjy; 13.05.2000 tiu

ciueilNjrpak; fhj;j nrk;ky;

246. mbikj;jis ePq;ff; fz;zPUk;nre;ePUk; rpe;jpNahH ahH?jkpofj;jpy; Rg;gpukzpa rpth>t>Nt.R. IaH> fg;gNyhl;ba jkpod;t.crp.> thQ;rpehjd;> jpUg;g+H

Fkud;> KjypNahH gRk;nghd;Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH

247. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;jkhtl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jhH?,uhkehjGuk;

248. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; CH?gRk;nghd;

249. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j Mz;L>ehspy; gpwe;jhH?1908 Mk; Mz;L mf;NlhgHj;jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs;

250. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtupd; ngw;NwhHahH?jpU. cf;fpughz;bj;NjtH>jpUkjp. ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahH.

251. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; MrpupaHahH?Fiwtw thrpj;jhd; gps;is

252. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH njhlf;ff;fy;tpia _____ fKjpapYs;snjhlf;fg; gs;spapy; ngw;whH.fpwpj;Jtg; ghjpupahHfsplk;

253. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;j ve;jg;gs;spfspy; gbj;jhH?1. caHepiyg;gs;sp gRkiyapy;gapd;whH.2. If;fpaf; fpwpj;Jtg; gs;spapy;3. ,uhkehjGuk; muR caHepiyg;gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; gbj;jhH.

254. ,uhkehjGuj;jpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ve;j Neha; gutpKj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH fy;tpepd;wJ.

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gpNsf; Neha;255. ,uhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;jg; gl;lwpit

kpFjpahfg; ngw;whH?gs;spg;gbg;G epd;whYk; Nfs;tpawpitAk; gl;lwpitAk;

256. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j ,Unkhopfspy; ty;yik ngw;wtH?jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;

257. jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; nkhopfspy; _____jpwd; ngw;wtH.nrhw;nghopthw;Wk; jpwd;

258. ,uhkypq ;fj ; NjtH vjidfw;wwpe;jhH?rpyk;gk;> FjpiuVw;wk;> Jg;ghf;fpr;RLjy;> Nrhjplk;> kUj;Jtk;.

259. ,sikapNyNa _______ MHtq;nfhz;lhH.murpaypy;

260. ,sik Kjw;nfhz;Nl nghJj;njhz;by; 3). jkpo;j;njd;wy;>4).chpik Ntl;if> 5). KUfd;my;yJ moF> 6).rPh ;jpUj;jk;my;yJ ,sik tpUe;J> 7) .nghJik Ntl;ly;.

9) jpU.tp.f mth;fs; tho;e;j fhyk; vd;d?26.08.1883 - 17.09.1953

10) jpU.tp.f ,aw;wpa tho;j;Jg; ghly;ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?nghJik Ntl;ly;

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11) nghJik Ntl;ly; vd;Dk; E}y;ve ; jj ; jiyg ; g py ; ,lk ;ngw;Ws;sJ?Nghw;wp

12) nghJik Ntl;ly; vjidf; fle;Jcyfj;ij xU FLk;gkhff; fUJfpwJ?ehL> kjk;> ,dk;> nkhop> epwk;

13) nja;tepr;rak; Kjyhfg; Nghw;wp Njth;> Kjw;ghtyh;>nja;tg ; Gyth ; > ehd;Kfd; >khjhDgq;fp> nre;ehg; Nghjhh;>ngUehtyh;> ngha;apy; Gyth;vd;gd

27) jpUts;Sth; fhyk; vJ?fp.K. 31

28) kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho> kdpjd;kdpjDf;Ff; $wpa mwpTiujhd;------------- MFk;.jpUf;Fws;

29) -------------- vd;Dk; milnkhopiag;ngw;Wj; jpUf;Fws; vd toq;fg;ngWfpwJ.jpU

30) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid gphpTfisf;nfhz;lJ? mit ahit?%d;W gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ.mit:-m. mwj;Jg;ghy;M. nghUl;ghy;,. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;

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31) ,e;E}y; jpUf;Fws; vd;W vjdhy;ngah; ngw;wJ?jpU + Fws;. Nkd;ikahd Fws;ntz;ghf;fshy; ,aw;wg;gl;ljhy;,g;ngah; ngw;wJ.

32) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fiscilaJ.133 mjpfhuq;fs;

33) jpUf;Fws; xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk;vj;jid ghly;fis nfhz;lJ?10

34) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fshy;MdJ?Mapuj;J Ke;E}w;W Kg;gJ

35) jpUf;Fws; -------------- E}y;fSs; xd;Wgjpndz;fPof;;fzf;F

36) jpUf;Fws; Vd; cyfg; nghJkiwvd;W toq;fg; ngWfpwJ?cyfk; Vw;Fk; fUj;Jfisf;nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,t;thW toq;fg;ngWfpwJ.

37) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid nkhopfspy;nkhopngah;f;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ?E}w;NwO nkhopfspy; (107)

38) jpUf;Fwspd; NtW ngah;fs; vd;d?Kg;ghy;> cj;juNtjk;> nja;tE}y;>jpUts;Sth;> ngha;ahnkhop>thAiw tho;j;J> jkpo;kiw>nghJkiw vd;gd.

39) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. Giu - Fw;wk;2. gaf;Fk; - jUk;3. RLk; - tUj;Jk;

4. md;d - mit Nghy; td5. va;ahik - tUe;jhky;6. mfk; - cs;sk;7. mikAk; - cz;lhFk;

40) jpUf;Fws; E}ypd; gad; ahJ?jpUf;Fws; fw;gjdhy; kdpjtho;f;if nrk;ikAWk;. gz;Gfs;tsUk;. cynfyhk; xd;nwDk;cah;Fzk; Njhd;Wk;> kdpjh;fspilNa NtWghLfs; kiwAk;>vy ;yh caph plj ;Jk ; md ;Gjiof;Fk;.

41) cliy ePH J}a;ik nra;Ak;: ------ - - - - - - - - cs;sj ; J}a ;ikiantspg;gLj;Jk;.tha;ik

42) tha;ik vd;why; vd;d?kw;wth;fSf;Fj; jPq;F juhjnrhw;fisg; NgRjy;.

43) gphpj;J vOJf:-1. ahnjdpd; - ahJ + vdpd;

2. ngha;ahnjhOfpd; - ngha;ahJ+ xOfpd;

44) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;mikf;f1: ,aw;ifFw;whyj;jpy; cs;s ,aw;iff;fhl;rpfs; cs;sj;ijf; fth;fpd;wd.

2: ngz;ikghujpahh; ngz;ikiag; Nghw;wpg;ghbAs;shh;3: tha;iktha;ikNa nty;Yk; vd;w njhlh;jkpof murpd; rpd;dj;jpy; cs;sJ.4. cs;sk;Foe;ijapd; cs;sk; fs;sk; Gfh,lkhFk;.

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nrk;nkhopj; jkpo;45) cyfj;jpy; vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l

nkhopfs; cs;sd?Mwhapuj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfs;cs;sd.

46) ts;syhh; ve;j nkhopia vspjpy;NgrTk;> vspjpy; ghly; ,aw;wTk;,aw;ifahf mike;J cs;sJvd;W $Wfpwhh;?njd;nkhopahfpa jkpo; xd;Nw

47) mwpQh;fs; vjid cyf nkhopfspy;rpwe;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;?jkpo; nkhopNa

48) ------------------ nghUe;jpa nkhopfs;nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gLk;.jpUe;jpa nrt;tpay;Gfs;

49) nkhopapay; mwpQh; r.mfj;jpay pq ; fk ; vtw ;iw vy ;yhk ;nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gl;baypLfpwhh;?fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;> rkw;fpUjk;>rPdk;> vgpNuak;> muG> ,yj;jPd;> rkw;fpUjk;

51) cyfpy; ,d;W toq;Fk; nkhopfs;Nj hd ;Wtjw ;F Kd ; g hfNtjkpo;nkhop ------------------ tsq;fisf;nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ?vz;zw;w ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ.

52) jkpior; nrk;nkhop vd epiyehl;Ltjw;F chpa rhd;Wfshf vitjpfo;fpd;wd?njhy;fhg;gpak;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif> gjpndz;fPo;f; fzf;F>rpyg ;gjpfhuk ; > kzpNkfiy>Kj;njhs;shapuk;> ,iwadhh;

mfg;nghUs; Mfpa nrt;tpay;,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;.

53) gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;fpy; xd;whd --------------------- ,izahd NtW E}y;cyfpy; ,y;iy.jpUf;FwSf;F

54) jkpo;nkhop mofhd rpj;jpu Ntiyg;ghlike;j nts;spj;jl;L: jpUf;Fws;mjpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jq;fMg;gps;: jkpo; vd;id ,d ;Wk ; ,sik khwhky ;fd;dpj;jkpoha; _____ ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ.jkpo; nkhop

58) ngw;Nwhiuf; Fwpf;Fk; ---------- vd;Wk;nrhy; ehQ;rpy; ehl;by; ,d;Wk; cs;sJ.mk;ik> mg;gd;

59) --------------- ,y;yhj cyfg; ngUnkhopahnjhd;Wk; ,y;iyjkpo;r; nrhy;

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60) fhy;Lnty; jkpo; nkhopia vt;thW$Wfpwhh;?jkpo; gpwnkhopj; Jizapd;wpj;jdpj;J ,aq;FtJ kl;Lkd;wpj;jioj;Njhq;fTk; nra;Ak; vd;W$wpdhh;.

61) nkhopf;F ----------------- tuk;Gk;> nrhw;fSf;Fj;------------ tbTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ.,yf;fz> jpUe;jpa

62) jkpopy; cs;sJ Nghy;> NtWvk;nkhopapYk; fhz ,ayhJ.Mjyhy; jkpo; -------------- vdg;gl;lJ.nre;jkpo;

63) njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh vd;gJ vd;d? vy ;yhr ; nrhy ;Yk ; nghUs ;

Fwpj;jdNt64) jkpopy; ------------ ngah;fs; kpfTk;

FiwT.,LFwpg;

65) jkpo; kw;Wk; tlnkhopapy; vj;jidvz;fs; cs;sd? mit ahit?jkpopy; ,uz;L tif vz; cz;L.mit:-xUik>gd;ik

66) tl nkhopapy; %tif vz; cs;sd. mit:

xUik> ,Uik> gd;ik67) jkpopy; vjw;Fg; ghy;NtWghL

cz;L? vjw;Fg; ghy;NtWghL,y;iy?caph ;fSf;Fg ; ghy;NtWghLcz;L . nghUs ;fSf ;Fg ;ghy;NtWghL ,y;iy

68) jkpo; nkhopapy; cs;s ------------gpwgpwnkhopfspy; ,y;iy.gFg;G Kiw

69) vy;yh nkhopfSk; vjw;F ,yf;fzk;$Wk;?vOj;Jf;Fk;> nrhy;Yf;Fk;

70) tho;tpaYf;fhd ,yf;fzkhfvijj; jkpo; nkhop $WfpwJ?nghUspyf;fzj;ij

71) nghUspyf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit:1. mfk; 2. Gwk;

72) -------------- nra;As; tiffs; NtWvk;nkhopapYk; ,y;iy.fypg;gh

73) Gyth;fs; nra;ASf;Fr; rpwg;Gr;Nrh;f;f --------------> ---------> KjypaE}w;Wf; fzf;fhd mzpfisg;gad;gLj;jpdh;.ctik> cUtfk;

CUk; NgUk; (Jizg;ghlk;)74) jkpo; kf;fs; jk; FbapUg;Gg;

gFjpfis ----------- vd;w ngauhy;Fwpj;jdh;.Ch;

75) ghgpNyhd; mUNf ------------ vd;Dk;ngahpy; xU efUk;> ---------- vd;Dk;CUk; cs;sjhk; Ch;> Cu;ek;K

76) kf;fs; ehsiltpy; gy;NtWCh;fs; cUthf epytiff;Nfw;gvt;thW ngahpl;ldh;?kiya+h;> fhl;^ u;> kUJ}u;> flY}h;vd kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;.

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fhd;g+h;> Nfhyhyk;g+h;> rpq;fg;g+h;>kzpg;g+h;> [df;g+h;> n[a;g;g+h;> N[hj;g+h;

77) kiyapd; mUNf cs;s Ch;fSf;Fvt;thW kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;?Midkiy> rpWkiy> jpUtz;zhkiy> ehfkiy> ts;spkiy>tpuhypkiy vdg; ngahpl;ldh;.

78) Xq;fpAah;e;j epyg;gFjpia ----------vdf; $wpdh;?kiy

79) kiyapd; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf;_____ vdf; $wpdh;.Fd;W

80) Fd;wpYk; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf;--------- vdTk;> ---------------- vdTk;ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;?fuL> ghiw

81) Fd;iw mLj;Js;s Ch;fs; vt;thWmiof;fg;gl;ld?Fd;W}h;> Fd;wj;J}h;> Fd;wf;Fbvd miof;fg;gl;ld.

82) ghiwfs; vd;W $Wk; Ch;g ;ngah;fs; ahit?Fl;lg;ghiw> rpg;gpg;ghiw> g+k;ghiw>kl;lg;ghiw> kzg;ghiw> thy;ghiwMfpait.

83) tlnrhy;ypy;> kiyia ------------vd;W $Wth;?fphp

84) kiyianahl;b vOe;j Ch;g;ngah;fs; ahit?fpU\;zfphp> Nfhj;jfphp> rptfphp>ePyfphp vd;gd MFk;.

85) FwpQ;rp epykf;fs; kiyapypUe;Jgpw ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W jq;fpaNghJk; jq;fs; epyg;ngaiukwthJ vt;thW ngah; itj;Jf;nfhz;ldh;.Mo;thh;Fwpr;rp> fy;ypilf;Fwpr;rp>Fwpr;rp> fs;sf;Fwpr;rp> nkhlf;Fwpr;rp vd;W ngah; itj;jdh;.

86) kuq;fs; ngahpy; cUthd Ch;fs;:-mj;jp (Mh;) kuq;fs; #o;e;j Ch; -------------- vd mioj;jdh;.Mh;f;fhL

87) My kuq;fs; epiwe;j Ch; ------------- vd mioj;jdh;.Myq;fhL

88) fshr; nrbfs; epiwe;j gFjpiavt;thW mioj;jdh;?fshf;fhL

89) khkuq;fs; nropj;jpUe;j ,lj;ij------------------- vd mioj;jdh;.khq;fhL

90) gidkuq;fs; epiwe;jpUe;j Ch; ------------------- vdg; ngah;ngw;wJ.gidaGuk;

91) gl;b> ghb vd;w ,g;ngah; Ch;fSf;Fvt;thW te;jd?fhl;bd; eLtpy; tho;e;j kf;fs;mq;Fj; jphpAk; tpyq;Ffshy;jkf;Fk;> jk; fhy;eilfSf;Fk;CW Neuhtz;zk; Ntyp fl;bg;ghJfhj;jdh;. mt;t+h;fs; gl;b>ghb vd;wiof;fg; ngw;wd.ML khLfs; milf;fg;gLk;,lk; gl;b vdg;gLk;.

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92) jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rpy gl;bfs;Ch;fisf; $Wf?Ml;ilahk;gl;b> fhspg ;gl;b>Nfhtpy;gl;b> rpW$ly;gl;b> rpd;dnfhy;yg;gl;b> nghpa nfhy;yg;gl;bKjypa E}w ;Wf ; fzf;fhdgl;bfs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;sd.

93) epytsKk;> ePh;tsKk; gaph;tsKk;nrwpe;j kUjepyf; FbapUg;Gk; --------------- vd toq;fg;gl;lJ.Ch;

94) MWfs; ghAk; ,lq;fspy; -----------vd toq;Fk; Ch;fs; jtwhky;,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.Mw;W}u;

95) Mw;W}u; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; Ngr;Rtof;fpy; ---------------- vd kUtptoq;FfpwJ.Mj;J}h;

96) flk;gkuk; #o;e;j gFjpia vt;thWmioj;jdh;.flk;g+h;> flk;gj;J}u;

97) njd;id #o;e;j gFjpia vt;thW$wpdh;?njq;$h;

98) Gspakuq;fs; mlh;e;j gFjpiavt;thW ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;?Gspaq ;Fb> GspaQ ;Nrhiy>Gspak;gl;b vd mioj;jdh;.

99) Fsk;> Vhp> CUzp Kjypa ePHepiy fis cUthf;fp mtw;NwhLCh ; g ; ngah ; fis vt ;thW,izj;jdh;?rPtyg;Nghp> Gspaq;Fsk;> Nguht+uzp>khq ;Fsk; > Ntg ;Ngh p vd;gd,t ;thW Njhd ;w pa Ch ; g ;ngau;fs;.

100) goq;fhyj;j py ; flw ;fiuapy ;cUthd Ng&u;fs; --------------- vdmiof;fg;gl;ld.gl;bdk;

101) rpw;W}h;fs; --------------- vdTk; ngah;ngw;wpUe;jd.ghf;fk;

102) gujth; tho;e;j Ch;fs; vt;thWngah; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.fPof;fiu> Nfhbaf;fiu> ePyhq;fiu

103) kPdth; thOkplq;fspd; ngah;fs;-------------- vd;Dk; ngaiur; Nrh;j;Jg;gy;fpg; ngUfp tUfpd;wd.Fg;gk;

104) ngUNte;jUk; FWepy kd;dUk;vij mikj;J kf;fisf; fhj;jdh;?muz;fs;

105) muz;fSs; ----------------- xd;W MFk;.Nfhl;ilAk;

106) Nfhl;il #otpUe;j Ch;fs; vt;thWtoq;fyhapd?fe;ju;tf;Nfhl;il> Nfhl;il> Njtf;Nfhl;il> ehl;lurd; Nfhl;il>epyf;Nfhl;il> gl;Lf; Nfhl;il>GJf;Nfhl;il vd toq;fyhapd.

107) ehw;wpirg; ngah;fSk; Cu;fSld;Fwpg;gpLf?fpof;Nf vOe;j Ch;g;gFjpiaf;fPOu; vdTk;> Nkw;Nf mike;jCu;g;gFjpia NkY}u; vdTk;>njw;Nf cs;sJ njd;goQ;rpahfTk;> tlf;Nf cs;sJ tlgoQ;rpahfTk; ngah; ngw;wd.

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108) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; jkpofj;ijvj;jid ghisaq;fshfg; gphpj;jdh;?72 ghisaq;fshfg; gphpj;jdh;.

109) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; Cu;g; ngau;fSld; ghisaj;ijr; Nrh;j;Jvt;thW toq;fpdhh;fs;?

Mug;ghisak;> ,uhrghisak;>fzf;fk;ghisak;> Fkhughisak;>N f h g p r ; n r l ; b g ; g h isak ; >Nfhhpg;ghisak;> Nkl;Lg;ghisak;vdg; gythFk;.

110) fy;ntl;Lfspy; fhzg;gLk; ---------kUijahfp ,d;W ----------- ahfkhwpAs;sJ.kjpiu

111) ------------ vd;Dk; ngah; NfhaKj;J}h;Mfp> ,d;W Nfhitahf kUtpAs;sJ.Nfhtd;Gj;J}h;

,yf;fzk;rhh;ngOj;Jfspd; tiffs;

112) vtw;iw KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;?caph; vOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk;>nka;naOj;Jfs; gjpndl;Lk;jdpj;J ,aq;fp Kjd;ik ngw;Wt psq ;Ftjhy ; mtw ;iwKjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;.

113) KjnyOj;Jfisr; rhh;e;JtUk;vOj;Jfisr; ---------------- vd;fpNwhk;.rhh;ngOj;Jfs;

114) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?10 tifg;gLk;. mit:1. caph;nka;> 2. Ma;jk;> 3. capusngil>4. xw;wsngil> 5. Fw;wpaypfuk;>6. Fw;wpaYfuk;> 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk;>

8. Xsfhuf;FWf;fk;> 9. kfuf;FWf;fk;> 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;Mfpait MFk;.

115) Ma;jk; ------------- vOj;J tifiar;rhh;e;jJ.rhh;ngOj;J

116) KjnyOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if --------30

117) ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs; vit?f;> r;> j;> g;

118) m>,>c vd;gd vd;d vOj;Jfs;?Rl;nlOj;Jfs;

119) vjid ty;nyhw;W kpFjy; vd;gh;?vOj ;Jfspd ; Kd ; ty ;y pdvOj;Jfis Kjyhf cilanrhy; te;J Nrh;e;jhy; ,ilapy;mt;ntOj;jpd; nka;naOj;Jj;Njhd;Wk;. ,jid ty;nyhw;WkpFjy; vd;gh;.

120) ------------- vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;jhdJjw;nghOJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy.c

121) v vd;Dk; tpdh vOj;Jf;FKd;ty;ypd vOj;ij Kjyhf cilanrhw;fs; te;jhYk; -------- kpFk;.

ty;ypdk;(v.fh) v + Flk; = vf;Flk;> v +rl;il = vr;rl;il

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122) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fis KjnyOj;ijf;nfhz;L mfuthpirapy; mikf;f.

Vzp> vyp> xd;W> xsit>Cl;b> mz;zd;> ,y;yk;> ML>Xlk;> Ie;J> cil.tpil:mz;zd;> ML> ,y;yk;> cil> Cl;b> vyp> Vzp> Ie;J>xd;W> Xlk;> xsit.

123) ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fj; njd;dfj;jpypUe;J me;epaiu vjpu;j;j rpwe;jtPud; ahh;?Gypj;Njtd;

,ay; ,uz;Lnra;As; - GwehD}W

124) ney;Yk; capud;Nw: ePUk; capud;Nw:vd njhlq;Fk; GwehD}W ghliyg;ghbath; ahh;?NkhrpfPudhh;

125) NkhrpfPudhu; tho;e;j Ch; vJ?njd;ghz;b ehl;bYs;s Nkhrp

126) --------------- vd;gJ Fbg;ngauhff;Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.fPud;

127) muRf;Fhpa KuRf; fl;bypy;cwq;fpa NghJ ve;j kd;duhy;fthptPrg; ngw;w ngUikf;Fhpath;?Nrukhd; ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw

128) nrhw; nghUs;:-1. mwpif - mwpjy; Ntz;Lk;2. jhid - gil3. flNd - flik4. kyh;jiy cyfk; - gue;j,lkfd;w cyfk;

129) GwehD}W ----------- E}y;fSs; xd;W.vl;Lj; njhif

130) GwehD}W ------------- ghly;fspd;njhFg;G.Gwk;gw;wpa ehD}W

jkpo; vz;fis mwpNthk;

vspjhf Qhgfk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s rpwpa Nahridfliy cUz;il vq;qdk; Ritj;J Urpj;J rhg;gpl;lhd;

vd;W mtd; $wpdhd;.

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131) NkhrpfPudhh; ghba ghly;fs; NtWve;j E}y;fspy; cs;sJ?mfehD}W> FWe;njhif> ew;wpizMfpatw;Ws; cs;sd.

132) gz;ila jkpof kd;dh;fspd; mwczh;T> tPuk;> nfhil> Ml;rpr;rpwg;G> fy;tpg; ngUik Kjypatw;iw vtw;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; %yk;

133) GwehD}W ghly ;fs ; %yk ;Gyth;fspd; -------------> kf;fSila-------> -------> Kjypatw;iwAk;mwpayhk;.ngUkpjk;> kf;fSila ehfupfk;>gz;ghL

134) muridf; Fwpf;Fk; NtW ngah;fs;ahit?Nfh> kd;dd;> Nte;jd;.

135) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;mikf;fTk;:-1. ney;jQ;ir> jkpofj;jpd; ney; fsQ;rpakha;j; jpfo;fpwJ.2. caph;.Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhod; tlf;fpUe;Jcaph; ePj;jhh;.3. ePu;fly; ePh; Nkfkhfp kioaha;g;nga;fpwJ.4. Nte;jd;.Nte;jd; eLepiy jtwhJ Ml;rpnra;a Ntz;Lk;.

KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp

136) rpwe;jnjdf; $wg;gLk; gj;Jg;nghUisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUg;gJ------------------- MFk;.rpwe;j gj;J

137) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp vd;w E}iy,aw;wpath; ahh;?kJiuf; $lY}h;fpohh;

138) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. Mu;fyp - epiwe;j XirAila fly;2. fhjy; - md;G> tpUg;gk;3. Nkij - mwpT El;gk;4. tz;ik - nfhil5. gpzp - Neha;6. nka; - clk;G7. ehzk; - nra;af; $lhjjidr; nra;a mr;rg;gLjy;8. rpwe;jd;W - rpwe;jJ9. topgLjy; - Nghw;wp tzq;Fjy;10. jw;nra;if - jd;idr; nry;tk;Kjypatw;w py ; Nkk ;gLj ;jpf ;nfhs;sy;.

139)Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:-ngah; : kJiuf; $lY}h; fpohh;gpwe;j Cu; : $lY}u;rpwg;G : ,th;jk; ghly;fiser;rpdhh;f;fpdpau; Kjypa ey;Yiuahrpupah;fs; Nkw;Nfhs;fshff;ifahz;Ls;shh;fs;.fhyk; : rq;f fhyj;jpw;Fg;gpd; tho;e;jth;.

140) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp vd;gJ -----------JiwfSs; xd;W.fhQ;rpj;jpizapd;

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141) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp ----------- vdTk;toq;fg;gLfpwJ.mwTiuf; Nfhit

142) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rpapy; vj;jidmjpfhuq;fs; cs;sd?10

143) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp -------- ghly;fshy;MdJ.E}W

144) ,sikiaf; fhl;bYk; --------------rpwe;jJ.Nehaw;w tho;Nt

145) fw;wiytplTk; rpwe;jJ _______xOf;fKilik

146) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;mikf;f1. kf;fs;:kf;fs; midtUk; fy;tp ngw;wtuha;,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.2. xOf;fk;:xOf;fk; caphpDk; NkyhdJ.3. topgLjy;:,iwtid kdk;> nkhop> nka;>Mfpatw;why; topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhh;(ciueil)

147) ahh; fhg;ghu; vd;W jkpod;idVq;fpa NghJ ehd; fhg;Ngd; vd;WvOe;jth; ahh;?c.Nt.rhkpehjh;

148) gpd;dhspy; c.Nt.rhkpehjh; midtuhYk; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;?jkpo;j; jhj;jh

149) c.Nt. rhkpehjh; mth;fspd; Mrphpah;ngah; vd;d?kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;

150) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;?1815 Mk; Mz;L vg;uy; jpq;fs;Mwhk; ehsd;W gpwe;jhh;.

151) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; gpwe;j Ch; vJ? jpUr;rp khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j

vz;nza;f; fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;.152) kPdhl;rpRe;judhhpd; ngw;Nwhu; ngah;

vd;d?rpjk;guk; -- md;dj;jhr;rpahh;

153) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; ,sikapy;ahhplk; jkpo; fw;whh;?jkJ je;ijahhplk;

154) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; rpWtajpNyNa------------- ,aw;Wk; Mw;wy; iftug;ngw;whh;.nra;As;

155) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh ; jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhz;L FLk;gj;Jld; ve;jChpy; tho;e;J te;jhh;?jphprpuGuj;jpy; (jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp)

156) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jphprpuGuj;jpy; tho;e;jjhy; mth; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;?jphprpuGuk; kPdhl;rpRe;judhh;

157) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jkpopy; ve;jE}y;fspy; Mu;tk; nfhz;bUe;jhh;?irt rka E}y;fs;

158) kPdhl;rp Re;judhhpd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fkhzth;fs; ahh;?Fyhk;fhjh; ehtyh;> rtupuhaY>jpahfuhru;> rhkpehjh; MfpNahh;Mth;.

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159) kPdhl;rpRe;judhh; ve;j Chpy;tho;e;j NghJ c.Nt. rhkpehjUf;FMrphpauhf ,Ue;jhu;?jpUthtLJiwapy;

160) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu;vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis,aw;wpAs;shu;?vz;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fs;

161) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu;gy;NtW Nfhtpy;fSf;F eilg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mf;Nfhtpy;fisg; gw;wp ----gy ,aw;wpAs;shh;.jyGuhzq;fs;

162) Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Rz;zhk;Gf;fuhd; njUit vt;thW toq;Fth;?ePw;Wf;fhuj; njU

163) ePw;Wf;fhuj; njUit ,g;gbAk;miof;fyhk; vd;W kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;$wpdhh;?%d;whtJ njU

164) %d;whtJ vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk;xU nrhy;?Rz;zhk;G

165) Neha;f;F vJ kUe;J vd;W kPdhl;rpRe;judhh; $Wfpwhh;?,yf;fpak;

166) kPdhl;rpRe;judhu; kiwe;j Mz;LvJ?01.02.1876

167) ehis vd; jha;nkhop rhFkhdhy;,d;Nw ehd; ,we;J tpLNtd; vd;W$wpa ftpQd; ahh;?U\;af; ftpQd; u#y; fk;rNjt;

168) njhg;Gs; nfhb cwTfs; vdj;njhlq;Fk; ghly; ve;j E}ypUe;JvLj;jhsg;gl;lJ.nrhy;yj; Jbf;FJ kdR

Nfht+h; fpohu; (Jizg;ghlk;)169) Nfht+h;fpohu; vq;F gpwe;jhu;?

ciwa+Uf;F mUfpYs;s Nfht+hpy;gpwe;jhh;

170) ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> GwehD}W>jpUts;St khiy Mfpatw;wpy;Nfht+h;fpohupd; ------------- ghly;fs;,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.gjpndl;Lg; ghly;fs;

171) Nfht+h;fpohiu mitf;fsj; jiytu;Mf;fpf; nfhz;l kd;dd; ahh;?eyq;fps;sp

172) eyq;fps;spf;Fk;> neLq;fps;spf;Fk;,Ue;j gifia ePf;fpath; ahu;?Nfht+h;fpohu;

173) gdk;g+ khiyazpe;j kd;dd; ahh;?Nrud;

174) Ntg;gk;g+ khiyazpe;j kd;dd; ahh;?ghz;bad;

175) Mj;jpg+ khiy ahUf;F cilaJ?NrhoUf;FhpaJ

176) filNaO ts;sy;fSs; xUth;ahh;?kiyakhd; jpUKbf;fhhp

177) ve;jg; Gytiuf; Nfht+u;fpohu;neLq;fps;sp rpiwapy; ,Ue;JtpLtpj;jhh;?,se;jj;jdhh;

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178) tpiue;J njhopy; Nfl;Fk; vdj;njhlq;Fk; jpUf;Fws; vj;jidahtJFwsps; mike;Js;sJ?648capu;nka;> Ma;jk;

179) f>fh>fp Mfpait ve;j vOj;Jfs;?caph;nka; vOj;Jfs;

180) ve;nje;j vOj;Jfs; Nrh;e;jhy;caph;nka; vOj;Jj; Njhd;Wk;?capnuOj;Jk;> nka;naOj;Jk;

181) caph;nka; vOj;J capiuAk;nka;iaAk; rhh;e;jpUg;gjhy; --------------- vd;fpNwhk;.rhh;ngOj;J

182) / vd;why; vd;d?m/Nfdk;m/Nfdj;jpy; / vDk; ,t;ntOj;J%d;W Gs;spfisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy;,jid vt;thW Fwpg;gpLthh;fs;.Kg;Gs;sp> Kg;ghw; Gs;sp

183) / vDk; vOj;J capNuhLk;nka;NahLk; Nruhky; jdpj;Nj,Ug;gjhy; ,jid vt;thW $Wth;?jdp epiy

184) jw;fhg;G MAjj;jpy; (Nflak;)fhzg;gLk; %d;W Fkpo;g; Gs;spfs;Nghd;W ,Ug;gjhy; / vDk;vOj;ij ----------- vdTk; $Wth;.Ma;jk;

185) -------------- fiuj;jhy; fy;Yk; fiuAk;.fiug;ghu;

186) capu;nka; vOj;Jfs; -------------tifapy; mlq;Fk;.rhh;ngOj;J

187) md;G> mlf;fk; v/F - ,r;nrhw;fspYs;s rhh ;ngOj;Jfspd ;mbapy; NfhbLf:-md;G

188) Nghh; nra;ag; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;ghfmurd; > jd; muz;kidapy ;tPuu;fSf;F mspf;Fk; ngUtpUe;jpd;ngah; vd;d?ngUQ;NrhW mspj;jy;ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;

189) ----------- Kd; f;>r;>j;>g; nka;naOj;Jfspd; tUf;f vOj;Jr; nrhw;fs;(tpidr; nrhw;fs;) tUkhapd; chpaty;nyOj;Jfs; Njhd;Wk;.Mfu

32

,ay; %d;Wnra;As; - jdpg;ghly;,ul;Lw nkhopjy;

191) ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; vd;w ghliyg;ghbath; ahh;?fhsNkfg; Gyth;

192) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. Rop --- cly; kPJ cs;s Rop>ePu;r;Rop2. Jd;dyh; -- gifth;> mofpa kyh;3. guptha; -- md;gha;4. rhLk; -- jhf;Fk;> ,Of;Fk;5. MLghp - MLfpd;w Fjpiu

193) fhs Nkfg;Gyth; vq;Fg; gpwe;jhh;?Fk ;gNfhzj ;j pw ;F mUf py ;ee;jpf;fpuhkk; vdTk;> tpOg;Guk;khtl;lj;jpYs;s vz;zhapuk;vdTk; $Wth;

194) fhsNkfg;Gythpd; ,aw;ngah;vd;d?tujd;

195) ve;jf; Nfhtpy; kilg;gs;spapy;fhsNkfg; Gyth; gzpGhpe;jhh;?jpUtuq;ff; Nfhtpy;

196) itzt rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ve;jrkaj;jpw;Ff; fhsNkfg;Gyth;khwpdhu;?irt rkaj;jpw;F

197) fhsNkfg;Gyth; vijg; Nghd;Wftpij nghopAk; Mw;wy; ngw;wpUe;jhh;?fhh;Nkfk; Nghy;

fy;tpf;F vy;iy ,y;iy198) fw;wJifk; kz;zsT fy;yhJ

cyfsntd;(W) $wpath; ahh;?xsitahh;

199) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. ifk;kz;zsT - xU rhz;vdTk; nghUs; nfhs;Sth;2. nkj;j - kpFjpahf3. ge;jak; - Nghl;b4. GytPu; - Gytu;fNs5. fiykle;ij - fiykfs;

200) fk;gh;> xl;lf;$j;jh;> GfNoe;jpg;Gyth;Kjypa Gyth;fs; ahUilafhyj;jpy; tho;e;jhu;fs;?Xsitahu;

201) Gyth; gyh;> gy;NtW #o;epiyf;FVw;g mt;tg; NghJ ghba ghly;fspd;njhFg;Ng ----------- vdg;gLk;.jdpg;ghly; jpul;L

ciueilfzpjNkij ,uhkhD[k;

202) fzpjNkij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk;,uhkhD[k; vq;F tho;e;J te;jhu;?

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206) fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; cs;s ve;jg; gs;spapy;,uhkhD[k; gbj;jhh;?jpz;izg; gs;spapy;

207) ,uhkhD[k; jkJ rpWtaJKjNy ------------- ghlj;jpy; kpFe;jMu;tk; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.fzpjg;ghlj;jpy;

208) vjw;F kjpg;G cz;L vd ,uhkhD[k;jdJ Mrpupahplk; $wpdhh;?Ropaj;jpw;F (0)

209) Ma;yuhf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; ,uhkhD[d;Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU INfhgp vd;W$wpath; ahh;?ypl;by; Tl;L

210) Ma;th; ve;j ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jth;?Rtpl;rh;yhe;ijr;

211) Ma;th; -------------- Mk; E}w;whz;bd;,izaw;w fzpjNkij Mthh;?18

212) IhNfhgp ve;j ehl;by; tho;e;jhu;?n[h;kdpapy;

213) IhNfhgp ve;j E}w;whz;bd; fzpjNkij19 Mk;

214) fzpjj; jpwikahy; tpQ;Qhdcyfpidg; gpukpf;fr; nra;Jtuyhw;wpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Xh;,lj;ijg; ngw;w gpwtpf; fzpjNkij vd;W $wpath; ahh;?,e;jpuh fhe;jp

215) 1880 Mk; Mz;L ,yz;ldpypUe;j- - - - - - - vd ;gth ; gjpide ;jhk ;tajpNyNa ahh; fzpjj;jpy; rpwe;Jtpsq;fpdhh;?fhu;

216) ,u hkhD[k ; jdJ je ;ijrPdthrdpd; Kaw;rpahy; nrd;idj;JiwKfj;jpy; vg;gzpapy; Nrh;e;jhh;?vOj;jh;

217) ,uhkhD[k; jhd; fz;Lgpbj;jNjw;wq;fisAk; vLNfhs;fisAk;Nfs;tpfshfj; njhFj;J ve;jgj;jpupiff;F mDg;gpdhh;?,e;jpaf; fzpjf; fofg; gj;jpupif

218) jdJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfis ,e;jpaf;fzpjf; fofg; gj;jpupiff;F,uhkhD[k; ahh; %yk; mDg;gpdhu;?/ gpuhd;rp]; ];gphpq;

219) ------------- vDk; jiyg;gpy; ntspahd,uhkhD[j;jpd; fl;Liu fzpjty ;Yeh ; fs pilNa k pFe ; jtuNtw;igg; ngw;wJ.ngu;ndsyp]; vz;fs;

220) ,uhkhD[k; ve;jg ; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Muha;r;rp khztuhfr;Nrh;e;jhh;?nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

221) ,uhkhD[k; jdJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;Muha;r;rpfs; Mfpatw;iw tptukhfvOjp ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s ve;jg;gy;fiyf;fofg; Nguhrphpau; ---------vd;gtUf;F fbjkhf mDg;gpdhu;.

Nfk;g pu pl ;[ ; gy;fiyf;fofg ;Nguhrphpah; `hh;b

222) ,yz;ld; Nfk;gpupl;]; gy;fiyf;fofj;Jld; ,ize;Js;s fy;Y}hpd;ngah; vd;d?jpupdpl;b fy;Y}hp

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223) jpupdpl;b fy;Y}hpapd; Nguhrphpah;ahh; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;Fr; nrhw;nghopthw;w te;jhh;?

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240) 1962 jprk;gh; 22 Mk; ehsd;W,uhkhD[j;jpd; -------------- MtJgpwe;j ehs; MFk;.75

241) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; 75 MtJ gpwe;jehis Kd;d pl ;L eLtzuRgjpide;J fhR mQ;ry;jiy ---------------- ,yl;rk; ntspapl;lJ.,Ugj;ije;J

242) Nguhrphpah; ,uhkhD[k; midj;Jyfe pidTf ;FO ve ;j Mz ;Lnrd;idapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.1971

243) nrd;idapy; 1972 Mk; Mz;Lmf;Nlhgh; 3 Mk; ehs; md;iwaKjyikr;ruhy; ---------------- epWtdk;jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.,uhkhD[k; fzpj mwptpay;

244) nrd;idj; JiwKfk; rhh;gpy;Gjpjhf thq;fpa FbePu;f;fg;gYf;F>-------------- vdg; ngau; #l;lg;gl;lJ.rPdpthr ,uhkhD[k;

245) upr;ru;l;Lk; M];NfAk; ,ize;J ----------- Mz;by; ,uhkhD[j;jpd;khu;gsT ntz;fyr; rpiyia,e;jpahtpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;Jtoq;fpdu;?1984 Mk;

246) fzpjf; Fwpg ;Gfs; mlq;fpavj;jid Fwpg;NgLfisAk; Muha;r;rpf;fl;LiufisAk; ,uhkhD[k;tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shu;.3

247) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; Fwpg;NgLfspy; ------------- Kjy; ------------------ Njw;wq;fs;,Ue;jd.3000 Kjy; 4000

248) 1957 Mk; Mz;L -------------- mbg;gilMuha;r;rp epiyak; ,uhkhD[j;jpd;Njw;wq;fis xspg;glk; vLj;JE}yhf ntspapl;Ls;sJ.lhlh

ed;wpg;ghpR (Jizg;ghlk;)249) grp ----------- mwpahJ.

Urp250) kUJ ghz;bf;Fr; rhg;gpl fpotp

vd;d nfhLj;jhs;?gioa NrhW

251) gioa Nrhw;Wf;fhff; fpotpf;FkUJghz;b vd;d ghpR toq;fpdhu;?mts; trpj;j Cu;

252) fpotpf;Fg; ghprhff; fpilj;j me;jChpd; ngah; vd;d?goQ;Nrhw;Wf; FUehjNde;jy;

253) goQ;Nrhw;Wf; FUehjNde;jy;vd;Dk; Cu; ve;j khtl;lj;jpy;cs;sJ?rptfq;ifehy;tifr; nrhw;fs;

,yf;fzk;254) ngaiuf; Fwpj;J te;jhy; ----------

vd;W ngah;.ngau;r; nrhw;fs;

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255) xUnghUspd; nraiy (,af;fj;ijf;)Fwpg;gjhy; ,r;nrhy; ----------------MFk;.tpidr;nrhy;

256) jk;gp + ck; ,jpYs;s ck; vd;gJ,izg;Gr; nrhy;yhf tUfpwJ.,jid --------- vd;gh;.,ilr;nrhy;

257) ,ilr;nrhy; vjidr; rhh;e;J tUk;?ngau;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fs;

258) gytifg;gl;l gz;Gfisf; nfhz;Lngau;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fistpl;L ePq;fhJ nra;ASf;Nf chpikngw;W tUtd -------- MFk;.chpr;nrhw;fs;

259) nghUj;Jf:-1. ngau;r;nrhy; --- m. te;jhd;2. tpidr;nrhy; -- M. Ie;Jk; MWk;3. ,ilr;nrhy; -- ,. jtr;rpwpJ4. chpr;nrhy; -- 3-M> 4-,

260) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;:vl;L> gj;J Mfpa vz;Zg;ngau;fspy; gpd; kl;Lk; ty;ypdtUf;fr; nrhw;fs; te;jhy; ---------kpFk;.ty;nyhw;W(v.fh)vl;L + fhy; = vl;Lf;fhy;gj;J + Ngu; = gj;Jg;Ngu;gj;J + rl;il = gj;Jr;rl;ilgj;J + Njhg;G = gj;Jj;Njhg;Gvl;L + $il = vl;Lf;$ilvl;L + Njh; = vl;Lj;Njh;

261) ghlhj> Nfshj> Mlhj> nra;ahj>nrhy;yhj vd;gd vjpu;kiwg;nghUspy; tUtjhy; --------------MFk;.vjph;kiwg; nganur;rq;fs;

262) nrhw;fspYs;s Nfsh> Mlh>nra;ah> nrhy;yh vd;W tUtjid-------- nganur;rk; vd;gh;.

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,ay; ehd;Fnra;As; - jphpfLfk;

266) jphpfLfk; vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpath;ahh;?ey;yhjdhu;

267) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. cz;nghOJ - cz;Zk;nghOJ2. ngwpDk; -- ngw;whYk;3. ghy;gw;wp - xUgf;fr; rhu;G4. Njhy;tw;wp - Njhy; RUq;fp5. rhapDk; -- mopapDk;6 . r hd ; w hz ;ik - mw pTxOf;fq;fspy; epiyj;J epw;wy;7. Fd;whik - FiwahJ ,Ue;jy;8. J} cak; -- J}a;ik cilNahu;mwTzh;T cilahuplj;J cs;sit

268) nrhw;nghUs;:-1.

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278) Ntiy njhpahj njhopyhsp jd;fUtpapd; kPJ ---------- nfhz;lhdhk;.rPw;wk;

279) 1917 Mk; Mz;L ---------- efupy;eilngw;w ,uz;lhtJ fy;tpkhehl;by; fhe;jpbfs; epfo;j;jpajiyik ciu> khzth;fSf;FVw;w tz;zk; fbj tbtpy;mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?GNuhr;

chpaJ(Jizg;ghlk;)

280) Kdpth; mjpfkhf ahiu ntWg;gtu;?ngha; nrhy;thiu

281) Kdptu; ngha; nrhy;thu; kidapy;---------------- khl;lhu;?czT cz;z

282) nghpatupd; ------------- ew;Fzq;fisf;fz;L Kdptu; Kfk; kyu;e;J.md;G> mlf;fk;> gzpT

283) kf ;fs ; Kdptu plk ; me ;jg ;nghpatUf;F vj;jid kfd;;fs; cz;Lvd;W $wpdhh;?ehd;F

284) nghpatupd; ehd;F kfd;fspd;ngah;fs; vd;d?eluh[h> Nty;rhkp> rptrhkp> fe;jrhkp

285) fe;jrhkp xbte;J je;ijiaAk;KdptiuAk; njhOJ rhkpf;Fvd;d nfhz;L tul;Lk; vdf;Nfl;ldhd;?ghy;> gok;

286) ----------- nra;j gzk; vdf;F chpaJ.jUkk;.

287) vd; fUj;ij Vw;W elf;fpd;wtNd--------- kfd;.vdf;F chpa

288) ------------- nra;j NeuNk vdf;FchpaJ vd;W nghpath; $wpdhh;.,iwj;njhz;L

289) njhd;ik kpf;f cyf nkhopfs;vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghliy vOjpath;ahh;?NjtNeag; ghthzu;

,LFwpg; ngaUk;fhuzg; ngaUk;

290) xU nghUSf;Ff; FwpaPlhf ,l;lngaNu ------- MFk;.,LFwpg;ngau;

291) fhuzk; fUjp ,lg;gl;l ngau;fs;------------- vdg;gLk;.fhuzg;ngau;fs;(v.fh) gwit> tisay;> nrq;fy;

292) jkpopy; ------------- kpFjpahf cs;sd.fhuzg;ngah;fNs

293) gpwnkhopfspy; ---------------- kpFjpahfcs;sd.,LFwpg;ngau;fNs

294) kiy> fhL> khL ,itnay;yhk;------------- ngau;fs; MFk;.,LFwpg;

295) midj;Jf;Fk; nghJthf tUk;,LFwpg;ngau;fis -------- vdf;$Wtu;.,LFwpg; nghJg;ngau;

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296) njd;id vd;Dk; nrhy; xUfhuzKk;> ,d;wp ,LFwpg; ngauha;epd;W> xU nghUSf;Nf (njd;idkuk;) rpwg;gha; tUtjhy; -------------ngauhapw;W.,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg;

297) fhfk;> Fapy;> Gwh> fpsp Mfpamidj;ijAk; gwit vd;Dk;nghJr;nrhy;yhy; miof;fpNwhk;.mjdhy;> ,jidf; ------------------vd;fpNwhk;.fhuzg; nghJg; ngau;

298) tisay;NghyNt rpynghUs;tise;J tl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk;.,Ug;gpDk; mitnay;yhk; tisay;vd miof;fg;gLtJ ,y;iy.,Ug;gpDk; ,r;nrhy; ifapy;mzpAk; tisaiy kl;LNkFwpg;gjhy; -------------- Mapw;W.fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngau;

299) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;JvOJf:-1. ngl;b vd;gJ --------------- MFk;.,LFwpg;ngah;2. rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; gpwe;jjhy; -------------- vd miof;fg;gl;lhd;.rpj;jpiuahd;

3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngah; -------------MFk;.mzp

300) nghUj;Jf:-1. ,LFwpg; nghJg;ngah; --m. kuq;nfhj;jp

2. ,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; --- M. gwit 3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngau; ---,. fhL 4. fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; -- 2. 3.M> 4.m

301) rpyg;gjpfhuk; je;j ,sq;Nfhtbfs;--------- vd kioiag; Ngw;wp tzq;fpj;jk; fhg;gpaj;ij njhlq;fpdhu;.khkio Nghw ;WJk; khkioNghw;WJk;

302) --------- vd;gd Nghd;w KJnkhopfSk;rpwg;Gfis ekf;F czh;j;Jfpd;wd.khhpay;yJ fhupak; ,y;iy.

303) xU nrhw;nwhlupYs;s vOtha; mjd;gadpiyNahL --------------- ,lq;fspy;nghUj;jkhf mika Ntz;Lk;.jpiz> ghy;> vz;(v.fh)jpizg; nghUj;jk;:Nfhykapy; xapyhf MbaJ.(Nfhykapy; -- m/wpiz vOtha;:MbaJ - m/wpizg; gadpiy)ghy; nghUj;jk;:tz;Lfs; Njd; Fbj;jd(tz;Lfs; -- gytpd;ghy; vOtha;Fbj;jd - gytpd;ghy; gadpiy)vz;nghUj;jk;:tpz;fyq;fs; tpz;zpy; gwe;jd(tpz;fyq;fs; -- vOtha;g; gd;ikgwe;jd - gd;ikg; gadpiy),lg; nghUj;jk;:

mtd; ghlk; gbj;jhd;(mtd; -- glu;f;if vOtha;>gbj;jhd; -- glu;f;ifg; gadpiy)

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rpwg;Gg; nghUj;jk;:-ghNte;ju;> ghujpiag; Gfo;e;Jghbdhu;. ghNte;ju; vd;Dk; ngau;ghujpjhridNa Fwpf;Fk; vd;gjdhy;>mJ rpwg;Gg; ngauhapw;W. rpwg;Gg;nghUj;jk; cau;Tkl;Lky;yhJ,opT fUjpAk; tUk;.(v.fh)KjiyAk; %u;f;fDk; nfhz;lJtplh.,ay; Ie;J - nra;As;jpUth&u; ehd;kzpkhiy

304) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy vd;Dk;E}iyia ,aw;wpath; ahh;?FkuFUguu;

305) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. vd;gzpe;j (vd;G + mzpe;j) -vYk;ig khiyahf mzpe;j2. njd;fkiy - njw;fpy; cs;sjpUth&u;3. g+q;Nfhapy; -- jpUth&h;f;Nfhapypd;ngah;4. Gz;zpadhu; - ,iwtu;5. kz; Rke;jhu; -- te;jpf;fhf,iwtd; kz;Rke;jhu;.6. cUFthu; -- tUe;Jthu;

306) FkuFUghupd; ngw;Nwhu; ngah;vd;d?rz;Kfrpfhkzpf; ftpuhau; --rptfhkRe;jup mk;ikahu;.

307) FkuFUguu; gpwe;j Cu; vJ?jpUitFz;lk;

308) ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkpgps;isj;jkpo;> fe;ju;fyp ntz;gh>kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;>kJiuf;fyk;gfk; Mfpa E}y;fis,aw;wpath; ahh;?FkuFUguu;

309) FkuFUguu; tho;e;j fhyk; vJ?fp.gp gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L

310) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy gphpj;JvOJf?jpUth&u; + ehd;F + kzpkhiy

311) -------- vOe;jUspAs;s jpahfuhrh;kPJghlg;ngw;w ehd;kzpkhiy vdg;nghUs;gLk;jpUth&hpy;

312) ehd;kzpkhiy vd;gJ jkpopy;toq;Fk; --------------- rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;Wnjhz;Z}w;whW

313) ehy;tifahd ghly;fshy; vjdhy;Md ehw;gJ nra;As;fisf; nfhz;lJ.ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw>Mrphpa tpUj;jk;> Mrphpag;gh.

314) jpUth&h; jpahfuhrg; ngUkhidg;gw;wpa ngUikfis ve;j E}ypd;%yk; mwpe;J ,d;Gwyhk;.jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy

315) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:1. vd;gzpe;j njd;fkiy --,t;tbapy; njd;fkiy czh;j;Jk;nghUs; --------njw;fpy; cs;s jpUth&h;2. kz;Rke;jhu; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ---------

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rptngUkhd;3. ------------- vd;Dk; ngaUilafpotpf;fhf kz; Rke;J ghz;badplk;,iwtd; (rptngUkhd;) mbg;gl;lhu;.te;jp

316) gphpj;J vOJf:-m. g+q;Nfhtpy; -- g+ + Nfhtpy;M. Gilj;njd;dhu; -- Gilj;J + vd;dhh;,. vd;WUFthu; - vd;W + cUFthh; -------------- vd;Dk;gl;lq;fs; ngw;Ws;shu;.ftpQNuW> ghtyu;kzp

324) jkpofj;jpd; ---------- vd thzpjhridj; jkpOyfk; Gfo;fpwJ.Ntu;l;]; nthu;j;

325) --------->----------- Kjypa nkhopfspy;,th; ghly;fs; nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.cUrpak;> Mq;fpyk;

326) thzpjhrd; tho;e;j fhyf;fl;lk;vJ?22.07.1915 Kjy; 07.08.1974 tiu

327) nka;g;nghUs; fy;tp vd;Dk; ghly;ftpQh; thzpjhrd; jkpo; cyfpw;Fg;Gide;J mspj;Js;s --------------vd;Dk; ghly; njhFg;gpypUe;Jghlg;gFjpahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;

328)chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:-m.jq;fg; gJikahk; Njhou;fNshL- ,t;tbapy; gJik vd;Dk; nrhy;czh;j;Jk; nghUs;.cUtk;

329) gphpj;J vOJf:-1. mOf;fpy;yh - mOf;F + ,y;yh2. mzptjhyy;yNth - mzptjhy;+ my;yNth3. nrt;tpjo; -- nrk;ik + ,jo;4. mwpTz;lhk; -- mwpT + cz;lhk;5. clw;Fz;lhk; - clw;F + cz;lhk;

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330)gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;mikj;J vOJf:-1. gs;sp: vk; gs;spapy; Mapuk;khzth;fs; gapy;fpd;wdh;.2. gJik: ghlk; Nfl;Fk; khzth;Xtpaj;jpy; cs;s gJikNghy;mirtpd;wp mkh;e;J ghlj;ijf;Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;.3. Njhoh;: xUtUf;Fj; Jd;gk;Vw;gLk;nghOJ mijj; jPh;g;gtNurpwe;j Njhoh; Mthh;.4. fy;tp: fy;tp fw;wth;fisvy;yhUk; Nghw;Wth;.

J}q;fh efu;331) jkpofj;jpYs;s J}q;fh efh; vJ?

kJiu332) Mz;bd; vy;yh ehspYk; tpohf;fs;

nfhz;lhba gb ,Ug;gjhy; ---------------- vd;Dk; ngUik ngw;w efh;kJiu.jpUtpoh efu;

333) ehw;wpirapYk; fiyaoF nghUj;jpakhngUq; NfhGuq;fNshL vl;Lr;rpwpa NfhGuq;fisAk; nfhz;Lvopy;kpF rpw;gf;fiyf; $lkhftpsf;Fk; Cu; vJ?Nfhtpy; khefu; (kJiu)

334) gok; ngUk; jkpou;jk; ehfupfj;njhl;byhfj; jpfo;e;j kJiu ----------- vdg; Gfo;g;ngw;w efu; MFk;.njd;dpe;jpahtpd; Vnjd;];

335) ghz;b ehl;bd; gioikahdjiyefukhf tpsq;fpaJ vJ?kJiu

336) kJiu vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F ------vd;gJ nghUs;.,dpik

337) -------------- vdg; GwehD}W Nghw;wpaJjkpo;nfO $ly;

338) neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;Xq;FrPu; kJiu> kJiu %J}u;khefh; njd; jkpo; ed;dhl;Lj;jPJjPu; kJiu> khz;Gil kugpd;kJiu> thdth; ciwAk; kJiu>gjpnaOtwpaha; gz;G Nkk;gl;lkJiu %J}u; vdg; gw;gy milnkhopfshy; kJiuf;Fg; Gfo;khiy#l;b kfpo;e;jth; ahh;?,sq;Nfhtbfs;

339) Nru ehL NtoKilj;J> NrhoehLNrhWilj;J> ghz;baehL Kj;Jilj;J>njhz;ilehL ----------- cilj;Jvd;gd jkpofj;jpd; rpwg;ig czh;j;Jk;.rhd;Nwhu;.

340) kJiuf;Ff; ------ vdTk; ------ vdTk;NtW ngah;fs; cs;sd.$ly;> Mytha;

341) ---------- >----------->--------->-------- Mfpaehd;F jpUf;Nfhtpy;fs; Nrh;e;jike;jjhy; ehd;khlf; $ly; vd;Dk;ngah; toq;fyhapw;W.j pUthytha ; > j pUes ;shW>jpUKlq;if> jpUeLt+u;

342) ve;j ehd;F jpUf;Nfhtpy;fs;kJiuf;Ff; fhtyhf mike;Js;sJ?fd;dpNfhtpy;> fhpakhy; Nfhtpy;>fhspNfhtpy;> Mytha;f; Nfhtpy;Mfpait MFk;.

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343) tUzd; kJiuia mopf ;fvj;jid Nkfq;fis mDg;gpdhd;?VO

344) ,iwtdplk; ghz;bad; Kiwapl,iwtd; ----------- Nkfq;fiskJiuiaf; fhf;f mDg;gpdhh;.ehd;F

345) ehd;F khlq;fshff; $b kJiuiaf;fhj;jikahy; ehd;khlf;$ly;vd;dk; ngah; Vw;gl;ljhff; $wpaJahh;?guQ;Nrhjpahu;

346) rq;fk; itj;Jr; nre;jkpio tsh;f;f>Gyth; vy;yhUk; $bajhy; -------------vd;Dk; ngah; Vw;gl;ljhfTk;mwpQh; $Wth;?$ly;

347) kJiuapy; vOe;jUspa Fkudhu;>

ey;ye;Jtdhu;> kUjdps ehfdhu;>,se ;j pUkhwd ; > r Pj ;jiyr ;rhj;jdhu;> ngUq;nfhy;ydhu;>fz;zfdhu;> fjq;fz;zhfdhu;>Nre ;jk ;g +jdhu ; KjypNahu ;md;iwa kJiuapy; tho;e;Njhuhth;.

350) kJiuapy; Milfs; tpw;Fk;filg;gFjpf;Fg; ngah; vd;d?mWit tPjp

351) kJiu tPjpfspd; ngah;:-1. $ytPjp - jhdpaf;fil2. nghd;tPjp - nghw;filfs;3. kd;dth; tPjp - kd;du;thOk; gFjp4. kiwath; tPjp - me;jzu; tPjp

352) mupkh;j;jd ghz;baDf;F mikr;ruhfj; jpfo;e;jth; ahu;?khzpf;fthrfh;

353) $d;ghz;bad; fhyj;jpy; kJiuapy;kq;ifau;f;furp> Fyr;rpiwahu;cjtpAld; irtj;ijf; fhj;jtu;ahh;?jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;

354) jpUkiy ehaf;fu; vijj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Mz;lhh;.?kJiuia

355) Nfhil tpLjpahd jKf;fKk;>Fsph;g+e;jlhfkhfpa nghpa njg;gf;FsKk;> fiy eaj;jpy; jh[;kfhiynahj;j ------------ mikj;J kJiuiamoFgLj;jpdhu;.jpUkiy ehf;fu; kfhiyAk;

356) kJiuiaj; jpUkiy ehaf;fu; ------ efukhf tpsf;fKwr; nra;jhu;.tpoh ky;F

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357) -------------- mikj;j rj;jpuq;fSk;rhiyfSk; kJiuf;Fg; ngUikNrh;g;gdthf ,d;Wk; jpfo;fpd;wd.,uhzp kq;fk;khs;

358) guQ;Nrhjpahupd; jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk; jUkpf;F ,iwtd; ----------ghly; je;jik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ?jz;lkpo;g;

359) kJiuiar; Rw;wpAs;s kiyfspy;tho;e;j rkz Kdptu;fshy; ---------- ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ.ehybahu;

360) kPdhl;rpak;ikNa rpWkpahf te;JKj;Jkzp khiyia ahUf;Fg;ghprspj;jJ?FkuFUguUf;F

361) rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpaj; jiytd;Nfhtyd; nfhiyf;fsg;gl;l ,lk;---- vd;Dk; ngaUld; ,d;Wk;mg;gFjp kf;fsplk; toq;fg;gLfpwj.Nfhtyd; nghl;ly;

362) goq;fhy kjpypd; vQ;rpa xUrpWgFjp --------- tPjpapy; khefuhl;rpj;njd;kz;ly mYtykhf ,aq;fptUfpwJ.Nkyntsp

363) fPothry; Nkythry; njw;Fthry;tlf;Fthry; vd toq;fg;gLk;,lq;fs;---------- kjpy; thapy;fs;,Ue;j ,lq;fhsf mwpag;gLfpd;wd.Nfhl;ilapd;

364) ifapw; rpyk;Gld; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk;cUtr;rpiy mike;j Nfhtpy; ---

------ Nfhtpyhf ,d;Wk; kf;fshy;topglg;gLfpwJ.nry;yj;jk;kd;

365) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; ehd;FNfhGuq;fSs; gioikahdJ vJ?fpof;Ff; NfhGuk;

366) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; caukhdNfhGuk; vJ?njw;Ff; NfhGuk;Fwpg;G:-njw;Ff; NfhGuk; 160.9 mb cauKk;>1511 Rij cUtq;fSk; cilaJ.

367) fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;jrpyg;gjpfhuk; kJiu ---------- vdf;Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.%J}u;

368) kuk; gad;gLj;jhky; fl;lg;gl;lJvJ?ehaf;fu; kfhy;Fwpg;G:-ehaf;fu; kfhypy; cs;s xt;nthUJ}Zk; 82 mb cauKk; 19Rw;wsTk; nfhz;lJ.

369) ghz;ba ehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ.Kj;J

370) NrhoehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ? NrhW371) kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpio

,aw;wpatu; ahh;?FkuFUguu;

372) ehd;fhk; jkpo;r ; rq;fj;ijj;Njhw;wptpj;jth; ahh;?ghz;bj;Jiuahu;

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mwpT El;gk; (Jizg; ghlk;)mWtifg; ngah;r;nrhw;fs;

373) Mly;> ghly;> tl;lk;> moFMfpadTk; ---------- MFk;.ngau;r;nrhw;fs;

374) ngau;r;nrhw;fis ,yf;fz E}yhh;vj;jid tifg;gLj;Jth;? mitahit?MW tifg;gLk;mit:1. nghUl; ngau;> ----------------2. ,lg; ngau;> ----------------3. fhyg; ngau;> ----------------4. rpidg; ngau;> ----------------5. Fzg; ngau;> ----------------6. njhopw; ngau;> ----------------

375) nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah; ---------MFk;.nghUl; ngah;

376) nghUl; ngau; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit ahit?nghUl;ngah; ,Utifg;gLk;mit:-capUs;s nghUs;> capuw;w nghUs;

377) Fkud;> kyh;f;nfhb> njd;id>nrk;gUj;jp> nts;shL> Xzhd;Kjypad vt;tifg; nghUs; MFk;.capUs;s nghUs;fs;

378) ehw;fhyp> mLg;G> jl;L> vz;nza;>kz;> ePu;> fhw;W Kjypad vt;tifg;nghUs; MFk;.capuw;w nghUs;fs;

379) tPL> njU> gs;sp> Nfhtpy;> kf;fs;thoplk;> Njhl;lk; vd ,lq;fisf;Fwpg;gpdnty;yhk; ------- ngah;fs;MFk;.,lg; ngah;fs;

380) nehb> tpehb> kzp> nghOJ> fpoik>thuk;> jpq;fs;> Mz;L vd vy;yhNk------ MFk;.fhyg; ngah;fs;

381) rpid vd;gJ xd;wpd; ---------- Fwpg;gJMFk;.cWg;igf;

382) kdpj cWg;Gfs;> tpyq;F cWg;Gfs;>jhtug; gFjpfs;> nghUs;fspy;gFjpfs; OOikahd xd;wpd;gFjpfisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah;fs; ----------- vdg;gLk;.rpidg; ngah;fs;

383) Fzg; ngaiug; --------- vdTk;$Wth;.gz;Gg; ngah;

384) gbj;jy;> fw;gpj;jy; ---------- vdg;gLk;.njhopy; ngau;fs;ngau; tif - ngau;

1. nghUl; ngau; - fz;zd;> ehw;fhyp2. ,lg; ngah; -- NtY}h;> ehkf;fy;3. fhyg; ngah; -- ijj;jpq;fs;> ez;gfy;4. rpidg;ngah; - Kfk;> if5. Fzg; ngah; -- tl;lk;> moF6. njhopw; ngau; - Mly;> ghly;385) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:-

1. kJiu vd;gJ ---------- ngah;.m) fhyg; ngah;> M) Fzg; ngah;>,) ,lg; ngah;tpil: ,lg;ngah;

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2. g+q;nfhb g+g; gwpf;fpwhs; .,j;njhlhpYs;s g+ vd;gJ ---------ngah;.m) nghUl;ngah;> M) rpidg;ngah;>,) njhopw;ngah;tpil: rpidg;ngah;3. rJuk; ,J --------- ngah;m) nghUl;ngah; M) fhyg;ngah;,) Fzg;ngah;tpil: Fzg;ngah;

386) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; Vw;w ngah;r;nrhw;fis vOJf:-1. ---------- g+ir elf;fpwJ.2. ----------- mirfpwJ.3. ---------- gs;spf;F tpLKiw.4. ---------- cile;J tpl;lJ.5. ---------- %d;W Nfhzq;fiscilaJ.6. --------- ty;ytd; ,uhkd;.tpil: 1. Nfhtpypy;> 2. nfhb>3. ehis> 4. ghid> 5. Kf;Nfhzk;>6. tpy;tpj;ijapy;.

387) ftpauR fz;zjhrd; vq;F vg;NghJgpwe;jhh;?rpW$ly;gl;b vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy;1927

388) fz;zjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d?Kj;ijah

389) fhiuKj;Jg; Gyth;> tzq;fhKb>ghh;tjpehjd;> MNuhf;fpehjd;>fkfg;gphpah vdg; gy Gidg;ngah;fs;ahUf;F cz;L?fz;zjhrd;

390) ftpauR fz;zjhrd; ----------Nkw;gl;l jpiug;glg; ghly;fis,aw;wpAs;shh;.Iahapuj;jpw;Fk;

391) fz;zjhrd; kiwe;j Mz;L vJ?1981

392) ehk; nra;jpfisAk; fUj;JfisAk;gpwhplk; $Wk;nghOJ Ritglf;$Wtjw;fhf xNu nghUs;jUk;,Unrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ ----------- vdg;gLk;.Neh; ,izr; nrhw;fs;(v.fh)1. fhNthp fz;Zq;fUj;Jkhfg;gbg;ghs;.2. tstdpd; je;ij NgUk;GfOk;kpf;fth;.

393) vjpuhd fUj;ijf; $Wk;nghOJvjph;g;nghUs; jUk; nrhw;fisg;gad;gLj;Jjy; ----------- vdg;gLk;.vjph; ,izr; nrhw;fs;(v.fh)1. Nfhghyd; cau;Tjho;tpd;wpmidthplKk; goFk; gz;ghsu;.2. kyu;f;nfhbapd; je;ij my;Yk;gfYk; mauhJ cioj;jtu;.

394) chpa ,izr;nrhw;fis vLj;Jf;Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; epug;Gf:(,uTgfy;> Vw;wj;jho;T> fw;NwhUk;kw ;NwhUk ; > mbj ;Jg ;g pbj ;J>gj;jpgj;jpahf)1. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fh; rKjhaj;jpy;fhzg;gLk; ------ - - - - - - - fisf;fisag; ghLgl;lhu;.Vw;wj;jho;T

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2. fl;Liu vOJk; NghJ -------------vOj Ntz;Lk;.gj;jpgj;jpahf3. cyfk;> #hpaidr; Rw;Wtjhy;-------------- Njhd;WfpwJ.,uTgfy;4. NgUe;jpy; ,lk; gpbf;f -----------VwpNdd;.mbj;Jg;gpbj;J5. NeUtpd; mwpthw;wiyf; ----------Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jdh;.fw;NwhUk;> kw;NwhUk;

395) f;>q;>r;>Q; ------- Mfpa gjpndl;Lnka;naOj;JfSk; caph; vOj;ijNah> capu;nka;naOj;ijNahnjhlh;e;J ----------- thpirahf tUk;.nka;naOj;J

396) n[h;kdp ehl;bd; nfhLq;Nfhyuhff;fUjg;gl;lth; ahh;?`pl;yu;

397) `pl;yUf;F vjpuhfj; jpwikahfthjhb> vOj;J %yk; `pl;yiukd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;fr; nra;jth; ahh;?nrz;gfuhkd;

,ay; MWnra;As; - Vu;Kid

398) Vu;Kid vd;w ghliy vOjpath;ahh;?kUjfhrp

399) nrhw;nghUs;:-1. khup - kio2. Nrkk; - eyk;

3. Njrk; - ehL4. Kl;L - Ftpay;5. nej;jp - new;wp

400) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:-ngah; : m. kUjfhrpgpwe;j Cu; : jpUr;rp khtl;lj;jpYs;sNkyf;FbfhLngw;Nwhu; : ma;ak;ngUkhs;> kpsfhapmk;khs;rpwg;G : jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk;fhyk; : 13.02.1920 - 29.11.1989

401) ---- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpiuf;fijfSf;F vOjpa ghly;fs;njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk; m.kUjfhrpghly;fs;

402) ---------- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ghly;> ghlg;gFjpapy;,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.r%fk;

403) Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:-1. epfuw;w njhopy; --------tpil: coTj; njhopy;2. coth;fs; nry;tkhff; fUJtJ------tpil: ney;kzpfis3. ney;iy ----------- Ftpg;gh;.tpil: Kl;LKl;lha;4. coth;fs; tpah;itia -----------rpe;jpdh;.tpil: Kj;JKj;jha;

404) gphpj;J vOJf:-1. Neupq;Nf - Neh; + ,q;Nf2. NrkKw - Nrkk; + cw

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3. Njrnky;yhk; - Njrk; + vy;yhk;4. gUtg;ngz; - gUtk; + ngz;

nghq;fy; topghL405) nrhw;nghUs;:-

1. jpU - nry;tk;2. fdfk; - nghd;3. Nfh - murd;4. epNtjdk; - gilayKJ5. Gutp - Fjpiu6. fLfp - tpiue;J

406) nghq;fy; topghL vd;w ghliyvOjpath; ahh;?e.gpr;r%u;j;jp

407) e.gpr;r%u;j;jpapd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d?e.Ntq;fl kfhypq;fk;

408) e.gpr;r%u;j;jpapd; gpwe;j Cu; vJ?jQ;rht +u ; khtl ;lj ;j pYs ;sFk;gNfhzk;

409) e.gpr;r%u;j;jp nra;J te;j njhopy;vd;d?1924 - 1938 tiu tof;FiuQh;1938 - 1954 tiu Nfhtpy; epUthfmYtyh;

410) e. gpr;r%u;j;jp vOjpa E}y;fspd;ngah; vd;d?fijfs;> kuGf;ftpijfs;> GJf;ftpijfs;> Xuq;f ehlfq;fs;

411) e.gpr;r%u;j;jp tho;e;j fhyk; vJ?15.08.1900 - 04.12.1976

412) e.gpr;r%u;j;jpapd; ftpij E}y;fs;--------- E}w;whz;bd; jw;fhy

,yf;fpaj ; Jiwf;Fk; Gjparpwg;Gfisr; Nrh;e;jpUf;fpd;wd.,Ugjhk;

413) e.gpr;r%u;j;jp ftpijfs; vd;Dk;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s -----------ftpijfspy; xd;W ,g;nghq;fy;topghL vd;Dk; ftpij.vz;gj;J %d;W

414) gphpj;J vOJf:-1. new;fjpu; --- ney; + fjpH2. epyTKz;Nlh - epyTk; + cz;Nlh3. kz;Zz;Nlh - kz; + cz;Nlh4. epd;db - epd; + mb5. xspAz;Nlh - xsp + cz;Nlh

415) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhupy;mikj;J vOJf:1. fdp -

2. fjpu; --

3. fjputd; ---

4. fUk;G -

5. capu; --jhq;fNs Kaw;rp nra;f.

nerT (ciuahly;)ciueil

416) Vl;Lr; Riuf;fha; ----------- cjthJ.fwpf;F

417) mr;Rkuk;> gilkuk;> tpOJfk;G>Fj;Jf;fk;gp> Xlk;> CilFoy;>

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ghT ,itnay;yhk; ---------- gad;gLk;fUtpfs;.jwp nea;ag;

418) jpU.tp.f tpw;Fg; gpbj;j g+ vJ?gUj;jpg; g+

419) E}y; vz; 10> vz; 20> vz; 60>vz; 80> vz; 100> vz; 120 vdmjd; nkd;ikj; jd;ikf;F Vw;gvjidg; ngahpl;L miof;fpd;Nwhk;.gQ;rpypUe;J E}w;fg;gLk; E}iy

420) fhQ;rp> Muzp> kJiu> Nfhit>gukf;Fb> rpd;dhsg;gl;b> nrd;dpkiy> ciwa+u;> jpUg;Gtdk;Kjypa Cu;fspy; ------- ,d;Dk;eilngWfpwJ.ifj;jwp nerT

421) efh;g;Gwq;fspy; ----------- nerTeilngWfpwJ.,ae;jpu

422) jpUg;g+u; ------- Milf;Fg; ngah;ngw;wJ.gpd;dyhil

423) Rq;Fbg;Glitfs; ve;j Cupy;jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd?kJiuapy;

424) ciwa+u; ngau; ngw;w Nriyfs;vJ?fz;lhq;fpr;

425) gl;lhilfs; vq;F jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ?fhQ;rpGuj;jpy;

426) gl;lhilfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLtJvJ?gl;Lg;GO

427) mz;zy; fhe;jpabfs; ngUe;jiytu;fhkuhru;> je;ij nghpahu;> NguwpQu;mz;zh KjypNahu ; - - - - - - - - -Milfis mzpe;jdu;.ifj;jwp

428) Fsphpy; thba kapYf;Fg; Nghh;itNghh;j;jpaJ ahh;?ts;sy; Ngfd;

429) Milapy;yh kdpjd; -----------kdpjd;.miu

430) Ms; ghjp: ------- ghjp vd;Dk;gonkhopfs; Milapd; rpwg;igf;Fwpf;fpd;wd.Mil

431) nra;Ak; njhopypy; rPu; J}f;fpd; ------ njhopYf;F epfhpy;iy vd;Dk;tof;fhWk; cz;L.nea;Ak;

432) cyfpNyNa ifj;jwp nertpd;Kd;Ndhb ------ MFk;.jkpofk;

433) kq;if jd; gpwe;j ehs; ghprhfj;je;ijaplk; Nfl;l Mil vJ?ifj;jwp Mil

434) nghUj;Jf:-1. fhQ;rp - m. Rq;Fbg; Glitfs;2. jpUg;g+u; - M. fz;lhq;fpr; Nriyfs;3. kJiu - ,. Nghu;itfs;4. ciwa+u; - 2 - 3 - m> 4- M> 5 - ,

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jkpo; ehlf Kd;Ndhbfs;(Jizg;ghlk;)

435) fz;Zf;Fk; fhJf;Fk; kdj;Jf;Fk;,d;gk; gaf;Fk; fiy vJ?ehlf;fiy

436) Ma fiyfs; ----- cz;L.mWgj;J ehd;F

437) rq;f fhyj;jpy; fpilj;j ehlf ,yf;fzE}y;fs; vj;jid? mit ahit?ehd;F E}y;fs; fpilj;jd.mit:rae;jk;> KWty;> kjpthzd;>ehlfj;jkpo;> nrapw;wpak;

438) kf;fspilNa eilngw;w ehlfq;fs;vit?gs ;S> FwtQ ;r p > nehz ;behlfq;fs;> fPu;j;jid ehlfq;fs;MFk;.

439) ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ehlfj;jkpOf;Fg; Gj;Japu; Cl;l Xu;vOr;rpiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jth;fs; ahu;?gupjpkhw; fiyQu;> rq;fujhRRthkpfs;> gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;MfpNahu; Mtu;.

440) ----------- vd;Dk; jk; ngaiuj; J}ajkpopy; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd; vdkhw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.

#hpa ehuhaz rh];jpup441) ---------- gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ehlfj;

njhz;lhw;wpath; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd;.jkpo;g; Nguhrphpauha;g;

442) ghpjpkhw; fiyQu; ---------- eilapy;ehlfq;fis ,aw;wp muq;Nfw;wpdhu;.nrk;khe;j rPhpa nre;jkpo;

443) jkpofj;jpy; ahiug; Nghd;Wehlfhrpupah;fs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;vdg; nghpJk; tpioe;jth; ghpjpkhw;fiyQu;?Nkiy ehl;L ehlf Mrphpau;fshdNrf;];gpau;> vg;rd;> Nkhypau;

444) ghpjpkhw; fiyQupd; ehlfq;fs; vit?&ghtjp> fyhtjp> khdtp[ak;

445) tlnkhop> Nkdhl;L kuGfisj;jkpo;ehlf kuNghL ,izj;J -------- vd;Dk; E}iyg; ghpjpkhw;fiyQu; gilj;jhu;.ehlftpay;

446) --------- ehlfk;> fstop ehw;gJvd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.khdtp[ak;

447) ehlfj;jkpo; cyfpd; ,kakiyvdg; ghuhl;lg;gLth; ahh;?rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;

448) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ts;sp jpUkzk;>Nfhtyd; rhpj;jpuk;> rjp RNyhrdh>,ytFrh> gf;jpg ; gpufyhjh>ey;yjq;fhs;> rjp mDRah> tPumgpkd;A> gtsf;nfhb Kjypa ------- ehlfq;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;.ehw;gJ

449) Jbg;gpUf;Fk; rq;fujhR vOj;jpy;vy;yhk; Ritnrhl;Lk; re;jeak;

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Njha ;e ;j pUf ;Fk ; vd ;W ahu ;rq;fujhR Rthkpfisg; Gfo;fpd;whu;?Gj;jNdup Rg;ukzpak;

450) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ,aw;wpa ---------- ehlfk; kJiuapy; muq;NfwpaJ.Nfhty rhpj;jpuk;

451) khghtpNahu; $b thOk; khefUf;Fkd;dh NghfhjPu;,e;jg; ghlypy; kh> gh> tp Mfpa,t;ntOj;J vijf; Fwpf;fpwJvd;W Rthkpfs; $wpdhu;?kh vd;gJ miyfs;gh vd;gJ fiykfs;t p vd ;gJ kiykfisAk ;Fwpf;fpwJ.

452) vkd; > ,uhtzd; > ,uzpad;Kjypa Ntlq;fs; Gide;jJ ahu;?Rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;

453) Rthkpfs; vOj;Jj; jpwikNahL ------- jpwikAk; ngw;wpUe;jhu;.ebg;Gj;

454) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; tho;e ;jfhyf;fl;lk; vJ?1867 - 1920

455) 1891 Mk; Mz;L jdJ gjpndl;lhk;tajpy; RFztpyhr rigiaj;njhlq ;f pj ; jkpo ; kf ;fspd ;rpe;jidia ehlff;fiy Nehf;fpj;jpir jpUg;gpath; ahh;?gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;

456) ebfu;fshy; -------- vd kjpf;fg;gl;lhu;.gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;

457) gk ;ky ; rk ;ge ;jdhu ; vq ;Fg ;gzpahw;wpath;?ePjpkd;wj;jpy;

458) rk;ge;jdhu; ---------- ehlfq;fisj;jkpod;idf;Fg; gilj;jspj;jhu;.njhz;Z}w;W ehd;F

459) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; jkp;od;idf;Fg;gilj;jspj;j njhz;Z}w;W ehd;Fehlfq;fspy; rpytw;iwf; $Wf.kNdhfuh> aahjp> rpWj;njhz;ld;>fu;zd;> rghgjp> nghd;tpyq;Fvd;gd MFk;.

460) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; Nrf;];gpaupd;ehlfq;fisj; jOtp ------> ----------->---------> Kjypa jkpo; ehlfq;fisg;gilj;jhu;.thzpGuj;J tzpfd;> tpUk;gpatpjNk> mkyhjpj;jpad;.

461) rpwe;j ehlf ,af;FeuhfTk;jpwikahd ebfuhfTk; mwpTkpf;fMrphpauhfTk; tpsq;fpath; ahu;?gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;

462) ------- vd;w tifapidAk; ehlfieahz;bapidAk; jkpo; ehlfcyFf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;.Nfspf;if ehlfk;

463) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhupd; gilg;ghd -----ehlfg; ghj;jpuk; ,d;wsTk; kwf;fKbahj eifr;Ritg; ghj;jpukhFk;.rghgjp

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464) rghgjp jkpopy; ----- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;fl;Liu vOjpdhu;.,dpa gazk;

465) ------> -----> -----> Mfpa %d;WfiyQu;fSk; jk ; vOj;Jj;j pwikahYk; ebg ;ghw ;whYk;ehlfj;jkpo; tsh;r;rpf;fhf cioj;jrhd;Nwhu; Mtu;.ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;> rq;fujhRRthkpfs;> gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;

466) gupjpkhw; fiyQiuj; ------- vd;WNghw;Wth;?jkpo; ehlfg; Nguhrphpah;

467) rq;fujhR Rthkpfisj; ------- vd;Wk;Nghw;Wth;?jkpo ehlfj; jiyik Mrphpau;

468) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhiuj; ----- vd;Wehlf cyfk; Nghw;wp tzq;FfpwJ.jkpo; ehlfj; je;ijtpidKw;W> nganur;rk;>

tpidnar;rk;469) tUfpd;whd;> tUthd; vd nray;

Kbe;jijf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Ny ----- MFk;.tpidKw;W

470) gOj;j vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ vdg;gLk;.Kw;Wg;ngwhj tpidr;nrhy;

471) xU ngaiuf; nfhz;L KbAk;Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr;nrhy;Ny --------- MFk;.nganur;rk;

(v.fh) 1. gok; vd;Dk; ngau;r;nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L KbT ngWfpwJ.

472) vLj;J vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ tpidr;nrhy; MFk;.KbTngwhj

473) tpidiaf; nfhz;L KbAk; vr;rk;------- vdg;gLk;.tpidnar;rk;

474) tpidnar;rk; ---------- fhyj;ijAk;czh;j;Jk;.%d;W

475) vLj;J te;jhd; - ,/J ---------tpidnar;rk; MFk;.,we;jfhy

476) vLj;J tUfpd;whd; vd;gJ ---------- tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.epfo;fhy tpidnar;rk;

477) vLj;J tUthd; ve;j tpidnar;rk;MFk;.vjph;fhy

478) ml;ltizia epug;Gf:-t.vz; tpidKw;W

nganur;rk; tpidnar;rk;1234 gbj;jhd---------------fz;lhd;;-------------------- ----------te;j----------------Nfl;l gbj;Jte;J

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fz;L---------------------479) ek; Kd;Ndhh; vg;nghUis vr;nrhy;

trb tet tnpsc tamil 6 12

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