TRAVELING AROUND LONDON.

RomanRoman London. London.

People have lived People have lived in the London area in the London area for more than 5.000 for more than 5.000 years, but there used years, but there used to be forests and to be forests and marshes instead of a marshes instead of a city. London itself city. London itself was begun by the was begun by the Romans about 2.000 Romans about 2.000 years ago. They years ago. They called their town called their town Londinium.Londinium.

Soldiers and settlers.Soldiers and settlers. In the first century, Roman soldiers came to In the first century, Roman soldiers came to

take over Britain. Some of them settled by the take over Britain. Some of them settled by the Thames and built Londinium. This was the Thames and built Londinium. This was the beginning of London.beginning of London.

Roman ships sailed up the Thames, bringing Roman ships sailed up the Thames, bringing supplies. The Romans built a bridge over the supplies. The Romans built a bridge over the Thames, and there has been a bridge in the Thames, and there has been a bridge in the same area ever since.same area ever since.

Soldiers and settlers.Soldiers and settlers.

A native people called the Iceni, led by A native people called the Iceni, led by Queen Boudicca, set fire to Londinium and Queen Boudicca, set fire to Londinium and killed everyone in the town.killed everyone in the town.

In the end, the Romans defeated In the end, the Romans defeated Boudicca and Londinium was built again. A Boudicca and Londinium was built again. A wall was built around the new town. You wall was built around the new town. You can still see parts of the wall today.can still see parts of the wall today.

Inside Londinium.Inside Londinium. Inside the wall, Inside the wall,

Londinium had Londinium had houses, bath houses, bath houses temples, houses temples, shops and shops and markets. markets. Nowadays, this Nowadays, this area is a business area is a business district, known as district, known as the City.the City.

Anglo- Anglo- SaxonSaxon

At the end of the At the end of the

fourth century, the fourth century, the Roman Empire began Roman Empire began to fall apart and the to fall apart and the Romans left Britain. Romans left Britain. People called Angles, People called Angles, Saxons and Jutes Saxons and Jutes then came to Britain then came to Britain from Holland, from Holland, Germany and Germany and Denmark. Together, Denmark. Together, these peoples are these peoples are called the Anglo-called the Anglo-Saxons.Saxons.

Roman ruins.Roman ruins. After the After the

Romans left, Romans left, Londinium Londinium probably lay in probably lay in ruins. The city ruins. The city grew up again, grew up again, however, however, because it was because it was a useful port.a useful port.

Saint Pauls.Saint Pauls. Many people Many people

became Christians. became Christians. In 604, the first In 604, the first Saint Paul's Saint Paul's Cathedral was Cathedral was built. There is still built. There is still a Saint Paul's on a Saint Paul's on this site today.this site today.

Viking attack.Viking attack.

In the ninth and tenth centuries, In the ninth and tenth centuries, London was attacked by Danish London was attacked by Danish Viking who sailed up the river to the Viking who sailed up the river to the city and settled there.city and settled there.

London Bridge is falling down.London Bridge is falling down. In 1014, Anglo-Saxons and Norwegian In 1014, Anglo-Saxons and Norwegian

Vikings attacked the Danish Vikings in Vikings attacked the Danish Vikings in London. The Danish Vikings threw spears London. The Danish Vikings threw spears at them from the old London Bridge. The at them from the old London Bridge. The attackers used roofs to protect their boats. attackers used roofs to protect their boats. They tied ropes to the bridge and pulled it They tied ropes to the bridge and pulled it down. This led to the song «London Bridge down. This led to the song «London Bridge is falling down». Viking attacks on London is falling down». Viking attacks on London ended when Canute became King in 1016. ended when Canute became King in 1016. he united the invaders and the Anglo-he united the invaders and the Anglo-Saxons. Peace came and London grew Saxons. Peace came and London grew wealthy.wealthy.

Edwards Abbey.Edwards Abbey. Seven years after Canute died, Seven years after Canute died,

Edward the Confessor became king. Edward the Confessor became king. He built Westminster Abbey. The He built Westminster Abbey. The Abbey was finished in 1065, just Abbey was finished in 1065, just before Edward died. Edward was before Edward died. Edward was buried in the Abbey. After his death, buried in the Abbey. After his death, EdwardsEdwards was made a saint. His was made a saint. His Abbey no longer stands. The Abbey Abbey no longer stands. The Abbey you see today was built by Henry III.you see today was built by Henry III.

Medieval Medieval London.London.

In 1066, after In 1066, after Edward the Edward the Confessors death,Confessors death, William the William the Conqueror invaded Conqueror invaded England from England from France. The France. The centuries from the centuries from the invasion up until invasion up until 1485 are known as 1485 are known as the medieval the medieval period in English period in English history.history.

The medieval city.The medieval city. Medieval London was much Medieval London was much

smaller than today's London. The smaller than today's London. The streets would have looked very streets would have looked very different, too. The houses were different, too. The houses were made mainly of wood, and the roads made mainly of wood, and the roads were covered in stones called were covered in stones called cobblescobbles. .

Merchants and Merchants and craftsmen.craftsmen.

There were many merchants and There were many merchants and craftsmen. Street were named after craftsmen. Street were named after them, for example, bread was sold them, for example, bread was sold on Bread Street. Merchants and on Bread Street. Merchants and craftsmen joined together to form craftsmen joined together to form powerful groups called Guilds, which powerful groups called Guilds, which still exist today. Each Guild had a still exist today. Each Guild had a coat-of-arms.coat-of-arms.