transport demand and management implementation lessons learnt from european experience rudolf m....
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Transport Demand and Management Implementation
Lessons Learnt from European Experience
Rudolf M. Petersen
Energy Efficiency Policies in the Land Transport Sector
Discussion Bangkok, 30 August 2013
Topics of the Presentation
– Development of Transport Demand in Europe
– European Strategies in Transport Policy
– Transport Management Activities of EU
– Transport Demand Management (TDM)
– Urban Traffic Management
Development of Road Transport EU-27
Source: EU Statistical Pocketbook 2012 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/facts-fundings/statistics/doc/2012/pocketbook2012.pdf
European Strategies in Transport Policy
• Financing, pricing and taxation• Regulation, competition and public services • Infrastructure and TEN-T • Land use and transport planning • Climate policy and energy efficiency • Security and safety • International cooperation and EU Neighbourhood Policy • Awareness, information and user rights
One-way Traffic on Urban Main Roads
"The typical metric of traffic is vehicle flow — which amounts, more or less, to standing on the
corner and counting how many cars go by.
Flow is high on one-way streets because there's little reason for cars to slow down.
But flow doesn't take into account the fact that traveling through one-way street systems often means taking a circuitous route,
which adds distance to every trip."
Source: Daya/Daganzo TRB 2012
Transportation DemandManagement (TDM)
Parking Management & Pricing
Urban Toll & Congestion Pricing
Programs that Promote Transit Use
Programs that Promote Carpooling
Employer-Based TDM Strategies
Land Use Management and Urban Design
Parking management and pricing• On-street: a parking space on the public road. • Public off-street. A car park not on the public road.• Private non-residential off-street. parking for a shopping centre, or an office-building. • Private residential parking – off-street parking associated with houses or flats.
Schematic Structure of Parking Types and Management
Source: EU COST 342
Parking Requirements for New Development (England)
• Food retail 1 space per 14m2
• Non food retail 1 space per 20m2
• Cinemas and conference facilities 1 space per 5 seats• B1 including offices 1 space per 30m2 • Higher and further education: 1 space per 2 staff +
1 space per 15 students• Stadia 1 space per 15 seats• Residential (PPG3) max 1.5 spaces/house or flat
Land-Use Planning for
Mixed Uses:
It reduces average
Travel distances and
enables efficient
public transport.
Urban structures should be carefully developed,
not left to commercial investors.
Mixed land use needed for transport infrastructure efficiency
When settlements are separatedfrom offices and other work locations, half of the infrastructure is empty twice the day: at morning and at evening peak hours.