transport assessment – what it is and why we do it tom rye, professor of transport policy and...
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Transport Assessment – what it is and why
we do it
Transport Assessment – what it is and why
we do it
Tom Rye, Professor of Transport Policyand Mobility ManagementTransport Research InstituteEdinburgh Napier University
The changing face of TIAs/TAsThe changing face of TIAs/TAs
Was…
Traffic Impact Assessment of a new development
Vehicle trips only
catering for predicted trips
Was…
Traffic Impact Assessment of a new development
Vehicle trips only
catering for predicted trips
Now …
Transport (Impact) Assessment of a new development
All trips by all modes
managing predicted trips
Now …
Transport (Impact) Assessment of a new development
All trips by all modes
managing predicted trips
Why this changed approach to Transport Assessment?Why this changed approach to Transport Assessment?
Key Elements of a TAKey Elements of a TA
Extract: Transport Assessment and Implementation: A Guide, Scottish Executive, 2005
Thresholds for TA (UK)Thresholds for TA (UK)
Extract: Transport Assessment and Implementation: A Guide, Scottish Executive, 2005
TA ProcessTA Process Trip generation
Mode share
Travel Plan
Monitoring
Assignment
Junction Analysis
Internal site design
Car parking
Trip Generation and Mode ShareTrip Generation and Mode Share
How many people will travel to a development, by which modes?
Survey existing developments
Build databases
Databases give average trips and mode share per 100 sq metres
Examples:
• TRICS – www.trics.org (trial version available)
• TRAVL – www.travel.org
Mode share – influences impact of development on transport network
How many people will travel to a development, by which modes?
Survey existing developments
Build databases
Databases give average trips and mode share per 100 sq metres
Examples:
• TRICS – www.trics.org (trial version available)
• TRAVL – www.travel.org
Mode share – influences impact of development on transport network
ParkingParking
Clear link between:• Parking at and around
development and
• Mode share and so impact of development on network
Better practice:• Maximum parking standards
• Parking related to public transport accessibility
• Managed parking on site
• On-street controls around site
Clear link between:• Parking at and around
development and
• Mode share and so impact of development on network
Better practice:• Maximum parking standards
• Parking related to public transport accessibility
• Managed parking on site
• On-street controls around site
Trip distribution, assignment, junction assessmentTrip distribution, assignment, junction assessment
Distribution
Where do people who use development come from – from which directions?
Are they making a special trip or just passing by?
Both affect impact of development on network
Assignment – which routes people take locally to reach development?
Assessment – impact of new traffic on junctions near development?
Distribution
Where do people who use development come from – from which directions?
Are they making a special trip or just passing by?
Both affect impact of development on network
Assignment – which routes people take locally to reach development?
Assessment – impact of new traffic on junctions near development?
Influencing mode shareInfluencing mode share Managing how people travel to/from
development How?
• Site location
• Thinking about accessibility by all modes
• Parking (charging?)
• Site layout
• Improve alternative modes
• Travel Plans (MM/TDM built in from planning stages)
If fewer people travel by car to development, puts less strain on existing road network, fewer new roads needed
BUT – key part of TA can be new/improved junctions to access development
Managing how people travel to/from development
How?• Site location
• Thinking about accessibility by all modes
• Parking (charging?)
• Site layout
• Improve alternative modes
• Travel Plans (MM/TDM built in from planning stages)
If fewer people travel by car to development, puts less strain on existing road network, fewer new roads needed
BUT – key part of TA can be new/improved junctions to access development
Entrance closer to pedestrian routes
Developer paid for new junction and pedestrian crossings
Supermarket close to very frequent bus routes
Entrance/exit from car park not on main road
Car park behind building
Entrance closer to pedestrian routes
Developer paid for new junction and pedestrian crossings
Supermarket close to very frequent bus routes
Entrance/exit from car park not on main road
Car park behind building
Some of these ideas in practiceSome of these ideas in practice
What has MM as part of TA
achieved?
What has MM as part of TA
achieved? Allowed developments to
go ahead that otherwise would not
Reduced traffic impacts of new developments (and so cost to developers)
Improved accessibility for all
Allowed developments to go ahead that otherwise would not
Reduced traffic impacts of new developments (and so cost to developers)
Improved accessibility for all
Sihlcity, Zurich – key dataSihlcity, Zurich – key data
area m2 41’990
construction period 30.06.2003 - 22.03.2007
volume of investment Mio. € 600
rental revenue p.a. Mio. € 30
total rentable area (without parking) m2 97’000
rentable area for shops m2 41’000
rentable area for services m2 24’000
rentable area for culture, cinema, hotels m2 19’000
rentable area shopping, fitness / wellness, apartments, stocks
m2 13’000
number of working places 2’300
visitors per day (average between 22.03 and 30.06) 19’000
number of parking spaces 850
Sihlcity, Zurich: Accessibility with different modesSihlcity, Zurich: Accessibility with different modes
Sihlcity, Zurich - requirements to obtain planning permission, 2002Sihlcity, Zurich - requirements to obtain planning permission, 2002
Public transport: financial contribution to extended PT and new PT stops
600 bike parking spaces “recreational quality” guarantee for
pedestrians Developer paid for new access ramp to main
road Parking limited to 805 PP and 50 P+R Trip quota: limit on monthly car trips
generated by development Home delivery service defined in the area specific land use plan of
Sihlcity and agreement between investor/ground owner and environmental association
Achieved: 90% trips non-car
Public transport: financial contribution to extended PT and new PT stops
600 bike parking spaces “recreational quality” guarantee for
pedestrians Developer paid for new access ramp to main
road Parking limited to 805 PP and 50 P+R Trip quota: limit on monthly car trips
generated by development Home delivery service defined in the area specific land use plan of
Sihlcity and agreement between investor/ground owner and environmental association
Achieved: 90% trips non-car