Transnational Seaborne Organized CrimePrepared by:Dr. Alec Coutroubis &George Kiourktsoglou, PhD Candidate

In Lieu of an Introduction : “Why do we care about Piracy ?”

• It’ s a Crime, “Hostis Humani Generis” ;

• It’ s an Expensive Crime (annual costs of $5 - $7bil., projected to reach $ 9bil. by 2016) ;

• It ravages (and sometimes claims) human lives (of both… Seafarers… & Pirates…) ;

And the Most Important...

Source: “Global Report on Maritime Piracy - a geospatial analysis 1995-2013”, [http://goo.gl/XxKmJN], UNITAR

Piracy and Armed Robbery, 2006-13

The African Piracy Models

The ‘Theaters of Action’West Africa (Nigeria)

1. Unstable Government

2. Pockets of Govern.

East Africa (Somalia)

3. Destitution

4. Quasi Mil. Trained Personnel

5. Very Low Geog. Conc.

6. Massive Corruption

1. Stable Government

2. Pockets of Lawlessness

3. Poverty

5. Med.-High Geog. Con.

OperationsEast Africa (Somalia)

5. Hostages (months)

1. Opportunistic Attacks

2. All kinds of Ships

3. Use of Weapons

4. Use of Mother-Ships

6. Ransom ($.000.000)

1. Well Planned Attacks

2. Mostly Crude Oil Tankers

4. No Use of Mother-Ships

5. Hostages (days)

6. Cargo Theft

West Africa

Counter-PiracyEast Africa

5. Djibouti Code

1. Internat. Naval Ops.

2. Nat. / Reg. Land Ops

4. P.C.A.S.Ps

3. Prosec. / Catch & Rel.

1. National Naval Ops.

2. National Land Ops.

West Africa

3. Prosecution

4. National Militaries

5. Yaounde Summit

Source: “World Drug Report 2010”, [http://goo.gl/ogyRGs], UNODC

Global Heroin Flows from Asia

Source: “World Drug Report 2010”, [http://goo.gl/ogyRGs], UNODC

Global Cocaine Flows

Source: “Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2012”, [http://goo.gl/Rm1y0P], UNODC

Global Human Trafficking

Source: “Report on Firearms 2010”, [http://goo.gl/QzfcjV], UNODC

Global Illicit Trafficking of Firearms

Source: http://goo.gl/HLnHHu (Huffington Post), http://goo.gl/bBtGQt (National Geograpich), http://goo.gl/P1AhT8 (Daily News)

Ivory & Rhino Horn TradePlease Meet Satao

Source: “Transnational Organized Crime in East Africa 2013”, [http://goo.gl/mH5ITc], UNODC

Ivory Trade in East Africa

Why the ‘False Flag’…?

Value of Cross Border Flows

Source: “Global flows in a digital age“, [http://goo.gl/mR8lT5], McKinsey Quarterly

Source: “Illicit Financial Flows 2011”, [http://goo.gl/ZvhWh], UNODC

Annual Proceeds of T.O.C.

Source: “Illicit Financial Flows 2011”, [http://goo.gl/ZvhWh], UNODC

Annual Proceeds of T.O.C.

Thank you for your attention,

Any questions please?

“I ask my Friends if they can imagine what would have happened if 47 commercial aircraft had been hijacked last year ? If 867 passengers, flight crew and cabin crew were taken hostages ? They all agree. There would be international outrage. It would be the lead story of every major news outlet... And of course... there would be a concerted international response to deal with the situation !...” An Unknown Seafarer