translation - oregon state universityoregonstate.edu/.../keynotes/34translation.pdf · translation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Translation
Dr.KevinAhern
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CentralDogma
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mRNAStructure
Bacteria
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GeneticCode
Universal Redundant Logical Punctuated
64 Codons 3 Stops 1 Start 2 Unique for AA 59 Redundant
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TranslationSteps
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CentralDogma
Eukaryotes
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
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Translation
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SimpleViewofTranslation
Start Codon Stop Codon
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Structure
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tRNAs-TranslatorMolecules
Amino Acid Attachment Point
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tRNAs-TranslatorMolecules
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AminoAcidActivation-ChargingoftRNAs
Aminoacyl tRNA-synthetase
Type 1 - AA on 2’ OH Type 2 - AA on 3’ OH
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“Charging”oftRNAs
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fMetSynthesisinProkaryotes
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WobbleBase
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WobbleBase
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SmallRibosomalSubunit(30SProkaryotes)
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LargeRibosomalSubunit(50SProkaryotes)
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Structure
50S Ribosomal Subunit
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rRNAs
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SimpleOverview
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Overview
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Prokaryotes-Shine-DalgarnoSequence
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Shine-DalgarnoSequence
16S rRNA Sequence
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Initiation
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Initiation
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Structure
EF-Tu
Protection Against Hydrolysis
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Elongation
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Elongation
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Termination
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1.BindingofmRNAbysmallsubunit2.Slidingtoidentifystartcodon(Shine-Dalgarno)3.BasepairingofanticodonofinitiatortRNAtoAUGinmRNA(3IFs)4.Bindingoflargesubunit5.EntryofsecondtRNAintoA-site(EF-Tu)6.Peptidebondformation-peptideontRNAinA-site7.Translocation(requiresGTP&EFG)8.ExitofusedtRNA,entryofnewchargedtRNA9.Repeat5-8toSTOPCodon10.Entryofreleasefactorwithwater
TranslationinProkaryotes
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TranslationinEukaryotes
Differences 1. mRNA structure 2. Ribosome sizes (60S & 40S) 3. rRNA sizes (extra rRNA) 4. No Shine-Dalgarno 5. No fMet
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TranslationinEukaryotes-Initiation
Kozak Sequences
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EukaryoticTranslation
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Elongation
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EukaryoticTranslation
Bonding to mRNA
Premature Stopping of Translation
Degradation of mRNA
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MembraneProteins
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Structure
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MembraneProteinSynthesis