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Transitional Refugee Shelter AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011 Liina

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Page 1: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Liina

Page 2: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Global Problem & Increasing Need

The number of refugees worldwide is increasing, and is expected to exceed 1 billion by 2050 (Christian Aid 2007)

Our Goal: To design and build a prototype of a wooden transitional shelter with the intent of improving peoples lives through good design.

What is a Transitional Shelter?“ Transitional shelter provides a habitable covered living space and a secure, healthy living environment, with privacy and dignity, to those within it, during the period between a confl ict or natural disaster and the achievement of a durable shelter solution.” Corsellis & Vitale (2005)

After the disaster:- Transitional shelters are the second response, a week or more after the disaster- Durable enough to last until reconstruction is complete, and to be able to be upgraded, relocated, resold or recycled.- The goal is always for refugee camps to disperse and for refugees to return to their home or homelands

Shelter Centre website

Page 3: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Ararat Study Site & Further Applications

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Iran

Turkey

Example Location: Ararat Region

Countries: Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, IranReligions: Muslim & Christian

Environment: Earthquakes (up to 7 mag.) Severe droughts Deforestation Soil, Water & Air Pollution

Climate Data: Continental Summer Temperatures 30/36 C Winter Temperatures -10/-15 C Max. monthly precipitation: 50mm

Building traditions: Earthen walls with wood beams Separate spaces for men and women Nomadic tent tradition

Designing a Universal Cold Weather Shelter

- Finland has a history of sending “winterized” army tents to disaster areas, as recently as 9000 tents sent to China after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake

- Requirements: Insulation Small windows (not to lose heat) Good airtightness in joints & connections Quality stove Adaptable spaces Google Maps, Ararat Tourism

Page 4: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Our Program/Task

Information taken from Shelter Centre “Transitional Shelter Guidelines 2009”

Program Considerations and Requirements:

Assembly: Built by 2 people in 1 day Built only using simple, common tools (without electricity) Assembled using only a cartoon diagram

Fabrication: Easy to fabricate in any factory quickly Package able to be stored for up to 5 years

Transportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container

Design: Built on a variety of terrains, soil Withstand 300 N/M^2 snow loads Hurricane class 3 winds (or 18 m/s) Fire Safety: 2 doors at opposite ends For Cold Weather Climates Use of sustainable materials (wood!) Dignifi ed and elegant shelter

Building Life: Pieces able to be moved and reused Occupied from 6 months to 5 years

MOMA Home Delivery, Viviendas Hogar de Cristo (Guayaquil)

Page 5: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Signe’s Winning Design: Flatpacked Bookshelf Shelter

FALL DESIGN COMPETITION

Page 6: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Design Principles

1

Principle mounting of walls, roof & floor modules:

Showing main elements in module.

Mounted on the ground, partly slipped, partly screwed, together.

One module as a defined box.

The modules connected by screws.

Protective and stabi-lizing panels are mounted with screws, first the exterior panels, then the mod-ules has to be turned to mount the interior panels.

If insulation material is available, this is filled in the wall at this point.

2

3

4

Roof and bracing elements are joined together by additional pieces and screws to reach the whole span of the unit.

1_ Structure creates the Architectural Character: Spatial logic, furniture & storage, Indoor-outdoor spaces

2_ Retain the Flat Pack & Easily Transported qualities: Small units carried by a person or donkey, Standard shipping container sized, No transported air

3_ Modular Building Design and Standard Assembly: Building expanded/contracted for functions/use and culture/need, Standard, repeated connections & hardware, Adaptable to regional building products/traditions

4_ Universality of the Design: Deployed in a variety of climates, terrains, cultures

5_ As simple as possible

Page 7: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Interior Studies- More privacy, while keeping spatial concept - Relationship between interior, terrace, outside private, semi-public, public- Relationship to the rest of the refugee camp- Spatial Requireme nts: ample storage space 3.5 m^2/person interior space

- Tested with scale models & 1:1 interior mock-up

Final Plan & Interior Mock-up

Page 8: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

1 2 3

4 5 6

Structure & Assembly- First examined a wide range of building systems- Developed SIP (structural insulated panel) and truss (with non-load bearing panels) system further- Bernardo came up with “barrel truss” held together with nylon straps (for compression)- Structural sandwich panel system chosen- Straps (“liina”) used in place of complex joinery for improved air tightness- Weight of panels led to tilt-up assembly system- Loft for sleeping and bracing/rigidity in assembly

Page 9: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Envelope & Panel Design- SIP (structurally insulated panel)- All wood-based materials: plywood, Kerto LVL, cellulose insulation for breathability (no air gap) & sustainability- 50 mm of insulation = approx. 1750 kg fi rewood/yr- Panels assembled in the factory, arrive fl atpacked- Panels use repeated simple joinery: Wooden dowels, tongue & groove joints No metal connections- Lightweight canvas covering over roof and walls for UV and water protection

- Tested with scale models

Page 10: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Component Testing- Joint testing in the engineering dept.- In-house testing- 1:5 Model to simulate assembly process

Page 11: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

System Testing- 1:5 model in Aalto Aerodynamic Lab Wind speeds up to 25 m/s- Build 1:1 SIP truss & end wall- Earthquake testing

Page 12: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

To be continued...

- Materials have been ordered- Visit to the Apollo textile factory for ordering canvas- Beginning panel fabrication- Furniture design and building- Exhibition design

Upcoming Exhibitions:Fiskars, May 7th (tbd)World Village Festival, Kaisaniemi May 28-29

Page 13: Transitional Refugee Shelter - Aalto Blogs · PDF fileTransportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey Each component fi ts standard shipping container ... Transitional

Transitional Refugee ShelterAALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011Miguel Castillo Lopez (Spain)Aleksandar Cherepnalkoski (Macedonia)Mei Groth (USA)Vladimir Ilic (Serbia)Rebecca Littman-Smith (USA)Signe Aarset Loe (Norway)Marta Marcos (Spain)Maria Mor (Spain)Chaeham Oh (Korea)Hugo Plagnol (France)Bernardo Richter (Brazil)Einari Sutinen (Suomi)Dmitry Troyanovsky (Australia)

WOOD ENGINEERSKristoff er GullUlla Hakulinen (civil)Annukka HirsiEmil JanssonSamuli KimpimakiOlli KoskiKai Nordberg (civil)Pasi SalminenArefi ShaghajevgHanna-Maija TikkaTiina Varetsalo

ADVISORSRansu HeleniusMikko MerzPentti RaiskiCristina SantamariaMatti KuittinenHannu HirsiPekka Heikkinen

http://blogs.aalto.fi /shelter/