transitional homelessness – homelessness in transition in eastern europe
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given by Bill Edgar at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010TRANSCRIPT
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXT
ENHR
HOMELESSNESS IN TRANSITION IN EASTERN
EUROPEBill Edgar
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Outline of Presentation
Post Socialist / Accession Welfare Regime(s)
Homelessness in Eastern Europe
Civil Society
The State
The Market
New Welfare Regime and Homelessness
EU Issues
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Post Socialist / Post Accession New Welfare Regime(s)
STRUCTURALTRANSITIONTO MARKET ECONOMY
STATE
CIVILSOCIETY
MARKET
NGO INFORMAL FAMILY ECONOMY
WELFARE FINANCIAL POLICY STRESS
PRIVATE INTERESTS
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Elements in the new welfare regimes(After Hegedus, 2009)
STATE Weak Government Capacity of public sector Political democracy (wobbly pillar)
MARKET Dominance of private interests Informal economy a constraint on efficient welfare programs
CIVIL SOCIETY Limited role of donor agencies / NGOs Role of Family – weak(ening)
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
HOMELESSNESS IN EASTERN EUROPE
Structural Changes of Transition Increased vulnerability of marginalised groups
in all transition countries Structural Causes
BUT perception is individual rough sleeping Specific Issues (more than in EU-15)
Roma Restitution Children
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
MPHASIS Strategic Co-ordination
Weak in all countries Profile
Data poor; structural causes important Perception / Definition still rough sleeping
State Provision Limited in scale and form
NGO Role Importance varies (Czech, Hungary, Slovenia) Lacks capacity and stable funding Impact of EU and non-national NGOs
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
CIVIL SOCIETY ISSUES NGO Sector
Capacity (Hradecký; Salomon) Influence “whispering at the back door”
Regulation and Service Quality Too prescriptive ? – allow innovation Professionalisation / Social Work Training Accommodation standards, forms of provision Funding – level, decentralisation, donor
Re-familialised countries (Hantrais, 2004) Poland (private) – Czech (mixed) – Hungary (public)
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
THE STATE
REGULATION AND FUNDING Strong regulation but weaker inspection Limited Funding – Decentralisation issues Limited state role in provision / purchaser-provider
Structural Housing Issues Public - Stock, allocation Private – Finance impacts
Institutional Issues Children / care discharge Prisoners
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Market
Privatisation of State Sector Weak allocation framework / access Institutional / legal structure
Emerging Housing Finance Systems Different institutional solutions (embryonic) High borrowing in foreign currencies Housing costs and income / affordability
Restitution – creating private rental sector Diversity in legal enforcement and regulation
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Diversity in Service Provision(After Hantrais)
Hungary
EstoniaLatvia
Lithuania
RomaniaBulgaria
DECOMMODIFIED
DE-FAMILIALISED
Czech Slovakia
Slovenia
Poland
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
New Welfare Regime
Observatory Conservative post-socialist (Central Europe) Liberal post-socialist (Baltic)
Hegedus Mixed – Hybrid regime Liberal – Mediterranean – South American
Pressures Fiscal Pressure Role of Family Labour Market weaknesses / informal economy Housing market weaknesses
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Implications for Homelessness
Scale and Profile Increase in number and type (chronic, repeat) More families, young, women
State Role Lack of co-ordination continuing Purchaser-provider nexus not changing
Services Limited in geographical coverage and form Quality limited by funding problems and reduction of
EU role
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE NEW
EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
EU ISSUES Ethos / Measuring Homelessness
Recognise non-conventional dwellings issue Over-crowding and inadequate housing
Indicators adopted in July 2009 Role of Census 2011
Quality Issues Structural Housing problems Service Quality and Developing Capacity
Build Research Capacity – target research