transition element

14.9 过过过过 Transition Metal

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14.9 过度元素Transition Metal

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What is 过渡元素？？过渡元素是元素周期表中从Ⅲ B 族到 VⅢ 族的化学元素。

这些元素在原子结构上的共同特点是价电子依次充填在次外层的 d 轨道上。

过渡元素都是金属，也称为过渡金属，位于周期表中部，原子中 d 或 f 副层电子未填满。

根据电子结构的特点，可分为：外过渡元素及内过渡元素两大组。

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过渡元素的特征最外层电子数不超过 2 个，容易失去原子间容易形成金属键跟同周期的主族元素的金属相比，有较小半径，较大密度，较

高熔点和沸点，较高硬度，较好延展性和机械加工性能，较好的导电、导热性能和耐腐蚀性能。过渡金属可以组成具有多种特性的合金。

一般能失去 2 个 s 电子，表象的氧化数为 +2 （铜能表现 +1 ）易生成有色化合物，因 3d 电子在未满的 3d 轨域跃迁而吸收部

分可见光。易形成配位化合物，含有配离子的化合物称配位化合物。

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Ti CrFe

第四周期过渡元素

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