transactionalanalysis-1-130519012933-phpapp01.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
What is T.A? When two people interact with each other,
they engage in social transactions, in which
one person responds to the other.
Study of such ”Social Transactions” is
called ’Transactional Analysis’.
What is a Transaction? A Transaction is an exchange of two
strokes between two people. The first
stroke is called ’Stimulus’, the second is
called the ’Response’.
Transactional Analysis Transactions are
psychological in nature and relate to how people behave and how other people behave with them in response to their behaviour.
Transactional Analysis(cont) To understand Transactional Analysis we must first
understand EGO STATES:
EGO STATES:
Within each human being, several
human beings are existing at the same
time, depending upon how
the person is behaving at any given time.
Top Manager’s Ego State Dominant ’Parent’
Mostly critical,
or giving orders
Normal ’Adult’.
Fragile ’Child’
P
A
C
1. Parent Ego State Set of thoughts, feelings,
and behaviours learnt
from parents or other
care takers.
Nurturing Parent
Soft, loving and
permission giving
P
Parent Ego State
While in the parent ego state,
people treat others like children.
Critical Parent:
This is a role where people becomes
authoritative; caring; controlling; and
sometimes bossy.
Adult Ego State
Oriented towards current reality and
objectivity gathering of information.
Data processing centre.
This is a role of care, concern, respect,
responsibility and maturity.
Child Ego State Seat of emotions , thoughts and
memories from childhood.
The ’child’ ego state has the liberty of fun
loving and carefree behaviour.
It is a storehouse of Creativity.
Ego States
Acting, thinking, feeling like your parent
Dealing with current realities, gathering facts, objectivity
Acting or feeling like u did when u were child
Eric Berne’s Transactional Analysis
It deals with the theory of
development and is
underpinned by the philosophy:
1. People can change
2. We all have a right to be in
this world and be accepted Eric Berne
EGO STATES Each human being has three
ego states:
1. Parent ego state
2. Adult ego state
3. Child ego state
A
C
P
Parent Ego state – This pertains to behaviors,
thoughts and feelings copied during the early years ( roughly , the first 5 years )
The Parent is a huge collection of recordings in the brain of imposed external events perceived in the early years(roughly the first 5 years.)
Every thing the Child saw the parents do and every thing he heard them say, are recorded straight without editing in his PARENT
There are thousands of “No”s and “Don’t”s that bombarded him.
Parent data appear in “how to category”. “How to hit a nail.” “how to eat”.
On the basis of these feelings the child concludes- I am not O.K-you are O.K
But, sometimes parent says one thing but does another thing like parent says “don’t lie”, but tells lies himself.
It is not safe for the child to question this inconsistency. He defends himself by turning off the recording.
CHILD EGO STATE : * It is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings replayed from our childhood * These are permanent recordings and can’t be erased
CHILD EGO STATE *The happy and pleasurable events are recorded in child. * In our Child reside creativity, curiosity and the desire to know and the urge to touch and feel. * These are O.K. recordings
As in the case of Parent, the Child is a state which brings the feelings which we felt at that time
Creativity is born from curiosity in the Child, as it provides “want to” and Adult provides “how to”
In our child is a vast store of positive data. In our Child are recorded countless experience of the firsts of life
Adult Ego State At about 8-10 months of age, the child starts
creeping, crawling and walking. He starts playing with a cup and pretends to drink.
At the age of 10 months, comes his own awareness and original thoughts. This is the beginning of Adult.
He starts gathering and processing data. This is thought process and is different from the earlier felt concept in the child.
Adult during this period is very fragile. It is easily knocked down by commands from parents.
The Adult is a data processing computer. The adult starts testing the Parent data and updates it. It also updates Child data.
The ongoing work consists of checking out old data, validating or invalidating and refilling it for future use.
Cont Adult Ego State…..
LIFE POSITIONS T.A has four possible life positions:
I am O.K You are O.K
You are O.K I am not O.K
I am O.K You are not O.K
I am not O.K You are not O.K
You are O.K
You are not O.K
I am O.K
I am not O.K
‘I am not O.K – You are O.K’:
This is a feeling of inferiority.
‘I am not O.K – You are not O.K’:
By the end of first year the child starts walking. He is no longer picked up. Mother’s stroking stops entirely. The life which was comfortable in the first year becomes difficult. Punishment comes harder.
The child concludes ‘I am not O.K – You are not O.K’.
Cont…..
I am O.K – You are not O.K:
The child who is brutalized long enough by parents will switch over to this position of I am O.K – You are not O.K
• I am O.K – You are O.K:
The earlier three positions have been based on childhood feelings, but this fourth position is based on “Thought and Faith”. It is a decision we make.
The Adult can comprehend. We have the presence of old recordings, but we can choose to turn them off.
Cont…..
Psychological Positions •Mentally healthy position
•Realistic people; can solve problems on their own
•Accepts significance of others I’m OK, You’re OK
•Person feels victimized, So victimizes others
•Blame others for their miseries
•Delinquents & criminals – extreme: Homicide
I’m OK, You’re not-OK
•Feel powerless when compare with others
•Leads them to withdraw, to experience depression
•Severe case: suicidal
I’m not-OK, You’re OK
•Lost interest in living
•Schizoid behavior
•Extreme case: suicide or homicide
I’m not-OK, You’re not-OK
A) PARENT-PARENT TRANSACTION
1. Stimulus: Her duty is at home with children.
Response: She has no sense of duty
TRANSACTIONS
P P
A
C
A
C
2. Stimulus: Kids now-a-days are lazy.
Response: It is a sign of the present generation.
3. Stimulus: She married him only for his money.
Response: Well, that’s all she got.
Cont…..
B) ADULT-ADULT TRANSACTIONS 1. Stimulus: What’s the time?
Response: Exactly 4 pm by my watch.
P P
A
C
A
C
2. Stimulus : Please pass the sugar Response : Here it is 3. Stimulus : I am tired Response : Let us go to bed
C) CHILD-CHILD TRANSACTIONS 1. Girl child(1): I will be the mamma and you the little
girls.
Girl child(2): I always have to be the little girl.
Girl child(1): Well, let us take turns, you be the mamma
first and next time I will be the mama.
2. Little boy(child): My daddy has two buildings.
Little girl(child): That is nothing. My daddy has five
buildings.
D) PARENT –CHILD TRANSACTION Sick husband(child): I am feeling so sick.
Nurturing wife ( Good mamma): Don’t worry, you
will be all right. I am taking care of you.
P P
A
C
A
C
P P
A
C
A
C
CROSSED TRANSACTIONS The crossed transactions cause trouble,
1. Husband (Adult stimulus, seeking information) :
Where is my scooter key?
Wife(parent) : Where you left it.
The stimulus was Adult but the wife replied from the parent. When stimulus and response cross on
P.A.C Transaction diagram, communication stops.
HUSBAND WIFE
RULE OF T.A:
When stimulus and response cross on the P-A-C transactions diagram, communication stops.
P P
A
C
A
C
Cont…..
2. Mother (parent): Go clear your room.
Daughter (parent) : you can’t tell me what to do. You are not my boss.
MOTHER DAUGHTER
P P
A
C
A
C
3. Son (Adult): I have to finish my report tonight. Father (parent) : Why do you always keep things for the last minute.? FATHER S SON
P P
A
C
A
C
Three Rules of Communication 1. Complementary Transactions:
- communication remains open.
2. Crossed Transactions:
- communication stops.
3. Complex Transactions:
- outcome is predicted only at the
psychological level
”I’m O.K.- You’re O.K” This is the best known expression of the
purpose of Transactional Analysis, which is:
1. To reinforce the position that
recognizes the value and worth of
every person.
2. Transactional Analysits regard people
as basically ”O.K”and thus capable of
change, growth,and healthy interactions.
Stroking & Life Positions Physically one strokes others by shaking
hands, clapping, hugging, smiling.
Countless physical strokes are exchanged between
people everyday and each stroke stimulates its
own physical response.
Psychological strokes deal with recognizing
others with words, gestures and behaviour.
Stroking & Life Positions Psychological strokes are A RECOGNITION OF
OTHERS and can be positive or negative in
nature.
Respecting, praising and thanking people are
positive strokes, while criticizing and
ignoring them are some negative strokes.
Advantages of T.A Improves Interpersonal Communication
Simple to learn
Applicable to Motivation.
Helps in Organizational Development.
Can be used at home as well as in office.
Advantages Transactional Analysis can be effectively
used to understand the secrets of human behavior and often works better in improving relationships.
CONCLUSION
Transactional Analysis is a rational and
easy to understand method of clarifying
and managing human relationships
and behaviours.