training of research methodology

8/17/2019 Training of Research Methodology

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WAWANG SETIAWAN SUKARYA

School of MedicineBandung Islamic Universi!


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W"AT IS

REASEAR#" $RESEAR#" IS T"E SYSTEMATI# %

#&''E#TI&N

ANA'YSIS INTER(RETATI&N &) *ATA

T& ANSWER A #ERTAIN +UESTI&N&R S&',E A (R&B'EM

Corlien M. Varkevisser, Ann Brownlee et al, 1991


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#"ARATERISTI#S

o *EMAN*S A*EMAN*S A #'EAR STATEMENT#'EAR STATEMENT &) T"E&) T"E(R&B'EM(R&B'EM

o RE+UIRESRE+UIRES A ('ANA ('AN

-i is no aimlessl! . loo/ing for somehing0in he ho1es ha !ou 2ill . come across a

soluion03

o BUI'*S &NBUI'*S &N E4ISTING *ATAE4ISTING *ATA5 USING B&T"5 USING B&T"(&SITI,E AN* NEGATI,E )IN*INGS(&SITI,E AN* NEGATI,E )IN*INGS

o NEW *ATA S"&U'* BE #&''E#TE*NEW *ATA S"&U'* BE #&''E#TE* ASASRE+UIRE* AN*RE+UIRE* AN* BE &RGANI6E*BE &RGANI6E* IN SU#" AIN SU#" AWAY T"AT T"EY ANSWER T"E &RIGINA'WAY T"AT T"EY ANSWER T"E &RIGINA'RESEAR#" +UESTI&N -s3RESEAR#" +UESTI&N -s3


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RESEAR#"

7878 BASI# RESEAR#"BASI# RESEAR#"

9898 A(('IE* RESEAR#"A(('IE* RESEAR#"

RA(I* E,&'UTI&N &) #&N#E(T : RESEAR#" -W"&57;;'in/ed Research


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I*ENTI)YING :

(RI&RITI6ING(R&B'EMS )&R

RESEAR#"

(R&B'EM(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N

#RITERIA )&R (RI&RITI6ING)&R (RI&RITI6ING

(R&B'EMS )&R RESEAR#"(R&B'EMS )&R RESEAR#"


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(R&B'EMS I*ENTI)I#ATI&N

T"REE BR&A* #ATEG&RIES %

7878 *ES#RI(TI&N &)*ES#RI(TI&N &) "EA'T" (R&B'EMS RE+UIRE*RE+UIRE* )&R ('ANNING INTER,ENTI&NS)&R ('ANNING INTER,ENTI&NS

-magniude : disri?uion of healh needs= o= o

formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions3formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions39898 IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE*IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE* T& E,A'UATE &NG&ING

INTER,ENTI&NS -#overage of "ealh Needs5 #overage of Targe-#overage of "ealh Needs5 #overage of Targe

Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1acGrou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac

C8C8 IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE*IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE* T& *E)INE (R&B'EMSSITUATI&NS -arising during he im1lemenaion ofhealh aciviies35

T& ANA'Y6E (&SSIB'E #AUSES T& )IN* S&'UTI&NST& )IN* S&'UTI&NS


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*ES#RI(TI&N &)*ES#RI(TI&N &) "EA'T" (R&B'EMS -magniude : disri?uion of healh needs=

o formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions3

E,A'UATE &NG&ING INTER,ENTI&NS

-"ealh Needs5 Targe Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac3-"ealh Needs5 Targe Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac3

*E)INE (R&B'EMS SITUATI&NS -arising during he im1lemenaion of healh aciviies3

ANA'Y6E (&SSIB'E #AUSES

)IN* S&'UTI&NS)IN* S&'UTI&NS


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)RAME W&RK &) #,EET"I#

,A'I*ITY

#&NSISTENT

Introduction

(2)

Research

Design (4)

Large of

samples (5)

Analysis plan

(6)

Epected Result

(!)

"ypothesis

(#)

$tatistical %ro&lem

Identification (')


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(R&B'EM SITUATI&N

7878 A (ER#EI,E*A (ER#EI,E* *I))EREN#E &R*IS#RE(AN#Y BETWEENBETWEEN W"AT E4ISTSW"AT E4ISTS AN*AN*

T"E I*EA'T"E I*EA' &R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N&R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N

9898 T"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#ET"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#E

S"&U'* BE UN#'EARS"&U'* BE UN#'EAR-ha i ma/es sense o develo1 a

research @uesion3

C8C8 S"&U'* BES"&U'* BE M&RE T"AN &NE (&SSIB'E

ANSWERANSWER T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T&T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T&T"E (R&B'EMT"E (R&B'EM


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*I))EREN#E &R *IS#RE(AN#Y -W"AT E4ISTS D T"E I*EA' &R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N3

T"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#ET"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#E

S"&U'* BE UN#'EAR RESEAR#" +UESTI&N

M&RE T"AN &NE (&SSIB'E ANSWERANSWER

- T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T"E (R&B'EM3


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BA#KGR&UN*

(R&B'EM SITUATI&N(R&B'EM SITUATI&N

MAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EMMAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EM

IM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EMIM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EM

S(E#I)I# (R&B'EMS -E5 *5 (r3S(E#I)I# (R&B'EMS -E5 *5 (r3

E'AB&RATI&NE'AB&RATI&N

*IS#RE(AN#Y *IS#RE(AN#Y


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(R&B'EM SITUATI&N

The lis of ingrediens in o?acco smo/e includesThe lis of ingrediens in o?acco smo/e includesover F51!rene35 aromaic amines -9>na1hh!lamine5 F>amino?i1hen!l35 N>nirosamines5 o?acco s1ecicamino?i1hen!l35 N>nirosamines5 o?acco s1ecicN>nirosamines and radioacive al1ha>1aricleN>nirosamines and radioacive al1ha>1aricleemiers -1olonium>9797


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Almos 7 ?illion men in he 2orld smo/eAlmos 7 ?illion men in he 2orld smo/e CJ of men in develo1ed counriesCJ of men in develo1ed counries

J


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MAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EM

IN IN*&NESIA

In 9


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"ealh conse@uences of o?acco use are %

S1ecic diseases are caused ?! smo/ingS1ecic diseases are caused ?! smo/ing

Ris/s of smo/ing rise 2ih ageRis/s of smo/ing rise 2ih age

Smo/ers have diminished overall healhSmo/ers have diminished overall healh

Smo/ers have decreased lifeSmo/ers have decreased life

eO1ecanc!eO1ecanc!

IM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EM


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STUDY OF SMOKING AND DEAT IN MA!E "#ITIS DO$TO#SSTUDY OF SMOKING AND DEAT IN MA!E "#ITIS DO$TO#S

• Recorded allRecorded all deathsdeaths for 5 !ears "1951#$1%for 5 !ears "1951#$1%

Main findin&s "for men 'orn in the $Main findin&s "for men 'orn in the $ thth cent(r!%cent(r!% )mokers lose, on avera&e,)mokers lose, on avera&e, 1 !ears1 !ears of health! lifeof health! life

www.deathsfromsmokin&.net

* Asked all + doctors in 1951, and -eriodicall!

thereafter, what the! themselves smoked

– )to--in& smokin& worksoll R, /eto R et al. Mortalit! in relation to smokin&. 5oll R, /eto R et al. Mortalit! in relation to smokin&. 5

!ears0 o'servations on male British doctors. BM $23!ears0 o'servations on male British doctors. BM $23

4$6 1519#$.4$6 1519#$.

E'AB&RATI&N


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S(E#I)I#(R&B'EMS


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In mos counries5 docors and oherIn mos counries5 docors and oherhealh care 1rofessionals are highl!healh care 1rofessionals are highl!res1eced and inuenial communi!res1eced and inuenial communi!leaders8leaders8

Medical 1rofessionalsMedical 1rofessionals 1ro?a?l! have he1ro?a?l! have hegreaes 1oenial of an! grou1 in socie!greaes 1oenial of an! grou1 in socie!oo 1romoe a reducion in %1romoe a reducion in %

o?acco useo?acco use

o?acco induced morali! and mor?idi!o?acco induced morali! and mor?idi!

*avid

Sim1son


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T"E +UESTI&N IS %"o2 is he role of docors in Indonesia inan eor o decrease he communi! ofsmo/ers

This is of ineres o he auhor o eOamine herole of docors in Indonesia in an eor oreduce he num?er of smo/ers in hecommuni!

Currently there is no data on the role ofdoctors in Indonesia to decreasecommunity of smokers

)CR8/AC:


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(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N RESEAR#"+UESTI&N

TERMS &) RESEAR#" +UESTI&N %

1.1. S(E#I)I#S(E#I)I# --STATEMENT &) RESEAR#" ,ARIAB'E3STATEMENT &) RESEAR#" ,ARIAB'E333

9898 &NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E )&R &NE *E(EN*ENT&NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E )&R &NE *E(EN*ENT

,ARIAB'E,ARIAB'E

• More than one inde-endent can 'e (nifiedMore than one inde-endent can 'e (nified

• More than one de-endent varia'le m(st 'e se-aratedMore than one de-endent varia'le m(st 'e se-arated

4.4. T"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN* SU(('EMENTARYT"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN* SU(('EMENTARY

+UESTI&NS+UESTI&NS


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E4AM('E No8 78 % S(E#I)I# STATEMENTE4AM('E No8 78 % S(E#I)I# STATEMENT

Is here a correlaion ?e2een smo/erIs here a correlaion ?e2een smo/er

?ehavior?ehavior

andand hear disease $hear disease $ No s1ecic PNo s1ecic P

IS T"ERE A #&RRE'ATI&N BETWEEN SM&KERIS T"ERE A #&RRE'ATI&N BETWEEN SM&KER

BE"A,I&R AN*BE"A,I&R AN* MYAR* IN)AR#T $

>>>>>S(E#I)I#


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IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEEN T"E#URE AN* TREATMENT A'S& SI*E

E))E#TS$ Q

78IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEENT"E #URE AN* TREATMENT $

98 IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEENT"E #URE AN* SI*E E))E#TS $

E4AM('E N&8 9 &NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E&NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E

)&R &NE *E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E)&R &NE *E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E


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E4AM('E N&8 C % T"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN*SU(('EMENTARY +UESTI&NS

;; Clinical trials com-arin&Clinical trials com-arin&

Recover! and side effects.Recover! and side effects.

&ro(-.


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(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N %

78 "o2 he num?er of smo/ers @ui smo/ing ?!

1roviding o1imal consulaion5 medicine andreha?iliaive healh services ?! Indonesiandocors $

98 "o2 he role of Indonesian docors in1roviding consulaion5 medicine and

reha?iliaive healh services $

C8 Is here a correlaion ?e2een he num?er ofsmo/ers @ui smo/ing an% he role ofIndonesian docors in conducing communi!healh educaion5 hrough ineracive radio

and elevision al/ sho25 aricle on ne2s1a1er $

T&(I# %

A correlation 'etween the n(m'er of smokers @(it smokin& and the role

of ndonesian doctors in cond(ctin& comm(nit! health ed(cation,

thro(&h interactive radio and television talk show, article on news -a-er.


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&BE#TI,E %

78 To /no2 he num?er of smo/ers @ui smo/ing?! 1roviding o1imal consulaion5 medicineand reha?iliaive healh services ?!Indonesian docors $

98 To /no2 he role of Indonesian docors in

1roviding consulaion5 medicine andreha?iliaive healh services $

C8 To /no2 a correlaion ?e2een he num?er ofsmo/ers @ui smo/ing an% he role ofIndonesian docors in conducing communi!healh educaion5 hrough ineracive radioand elevision al/ sho25 aricle on ne2s1a1er $


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(R&B'EMI*ENTI)I#ATI&N

&BE#TI,E RE)'E#TE* IN T"ETITT'E

#&N#'USI&N

"Y(&T"ESIS %

TEM(&RARY ANSWER T& I*ENTI)Y T"E(R&B'EM

-&NE TAI' = TW& TAI'3

S$EME

BA#KGR&UN

*


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KERANGKA TE&RI

utrisi(B6,B12,Asam Folat)

Ati*asi

sel endotel

prostaglandinRespon

presor yangmeningat

+eneti

1.

MTHFR2.

MS

#,

-.$4. SHMT

5.

MTHFD

6.

BHMT Endotelin Nitric oxide

%roses eganasan%rotein

Angiogeni

%rotein anti

angiogeni

%enyait inflamasi

ronis (LE$)

homosistein /e0as

Endotel

%soriasis

%E.

1&at2o&atan3 Fenitoin,Karbamasein,

MT!, Teo"ilin

4atornutrisi

In*asitrofo&las

yang

a&normal

5eroo

4ator

imunologi

4ator

geneti

6sia lan0ut

1.1#.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.


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KERANGKAK&NSE(

KERANGKAK&NSE(

MERU(AKANABSTRAKSI -*IBENTUK

*ARI GENERA'ISASI"A'>"A' K"USUS3

TI*AK *A(AT *IAMATI *IUKUR 'ANGSUNG

"ANYA *A(AT*IAMATI*IUKUR

ME'A'UI K&NSTRUK-,ARIABE'3

,ARIABE' A*A'A" SIMB&' ATAU 'AMBANG YANG MENUNUKKAN NI'AI BI'ANGAN *ARIK&NSE( -,ARIABE' A*A'A" SESUATU YANG

BER,ARIASI3


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SE"AT A*A'A"K&NSE(

UNTUK MENGETA"UIA(AKA" SESE&RANG

ITU SE"ATTI*AK 5"ARUS *I K&NSTRUK ,ARIABE'

,ARIABE' % TEKANAN*ARA"5 *ENYUT NA*I5 "?

ds?

S&SEK A*A'A"K&NSE(

UNTUK MENGUKURS&SEK SEBUA"

KE'UARGA "ARUS *IK&NSTRUK ,ARIABE'

#&NT&"%

,ARIABE' % TINGKAT(EN*I*IKAN5 (EKERAAN5

(EN*A(ATAN ds?


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KERANGKA K&NSE( (ENE'ITIAN (A*A *ASARNYA A*A'A"

KERANGKA "UBUNGAN ANTARAK&NSE(>K&NSE( YANG INGIN

*IAMATI ATAU *IUKUR ME'A'UI(ENE'ITIAN>(ENE'ITIAN YANG

AKAN *I'AKUKAN


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)AKT&R(RE*IS(&SISI

> (EN*I*IKAN

> (ENGETA"UAN

> SIKA(

> (ERSE(SI

)AKT&R (EN*UKUNG

> (EN*A(ATANKE'UARGA

> KETERSE*IAAN WAKTU

)AKT&R (EN*&R&NG

> SIKA( (ETUGAS

> &RANG TUA

(ERI'AKU(EMBERIA

N ASI


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training of research methodology

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